WO2017048347A1 - Perimeter vibration detection system and method - Google Patents

Perimeter vibration detection system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017048347A1
WO2017048347A1 PCT/US2016/040267 US2016040267W WO2017048347A1 WO 2017048347 A1 WO2017048347 A1 WO 2017048347A1 US 2016040267 W US2016040267 W US 2016040267W WO 2017048347 A1 WO2017048347 A1 WO 2017048347A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibration
detection system
vibration sensor
sensor assembly
data logger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2016/040267
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert C. TURNBULL
Terance D. BROWN
Steve P. HORVATH
Nicholas R. TURNBULL
Original Assignee
Stanley Convergent Security Solutions, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stanley Convergent Security Solutions, Inc. filed Critical Stanley Convergent Security Solutions, Inc.
Priority to US15/760,258 priority Critical patent/US20180252828A1/en
Priority to IL303092A priority patent/IL303092A/en
Priority to EP16846994.8A priority patent/EP3350784A4/en
Publication of WO2017048347A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017048347A1/en
Priority to IL258072A priority patent/IL258072A/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/001—Acoustic presence detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
    • G01V11/002—Details, e.g. power supply systems for logging instruments, transmitting or recording data, specially adapted for well logging, also if the prospecting method is irrelevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/16—Actuation by interference with mechanical vibrations in air or other fluid
    • G08B13/1654—Actuation by interference with mechanical vibrations in air or other fluid using passive vibration detection systems
    • G08B13/1663—Actuation by interference with mechanical vibrations in air or other fluid using passive vibration detection systems using seismic sensing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
    • G01V1/181—Geophones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
    • G01V2210/14—Signal detection
    • G01V2210/142—Receiver location
    • G01V2210/1429—Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tunnel detection and
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a perimeter vibration detection system.
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified top view of the system of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the main elements of the
  • Fig. 4 is a side view illustration an arrangement of vibration sensors.
  • FIGS. 1-2 illustrate a perimeter vibration detection system 100 according to the invention.
  • Perimeter vibration detection system 100 includes vibration sensors 101 that are installed along a border or around the perimeter P to be monitored. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the vibration sensors 101 should have a wide enough frequency response in order to detect the anticipated or desired vibration. Vibration sensors 101 can be geophones, or other velocity sensors, accelerometers or MEMS sensors. Persons skilled in the art will select the type of vibration sensor 101 according to the application and installation method.
  • Vibration sensor 101 may include a sensor, signal processing circuitry and/or a housing to protect the sensor and/or circuitry.
  • Vibration sensor 101 may also include power and wireless
  • vibration sensors 101 are
  • a typical vibration sensor 101 that requires 3 volts and 5 milliamperes.
  • vibration sensors 101 at the predetermined depth D are preferably disposed at a predetermined horizontal distance H from each other. This distance is preferably between 5 to 45 meters.
  • vibration sensors with greater sensitivity can be installed at a greater distance apart.
  • vibration sensors with lesser sensitivity can be installed at a smaller distance apart.
  • the horizontal distance is selected so that the detection areas of each adjacent vibration sensors 101 overlap.
  • the resulting pattern of vibration sensors 101 will be chosen to provide adequate vibration detection of a specific area and/or perimeter.
  • vibration sensors 101 can be installed in a straight line that is tens or hundreds of kilometers long, or around the perimeter of a specific area, as shown in FIGS. 1-2.
  • vibration sensors 101 ' can be disposed below vibration sensors 101.
  • vibration sensors 101 ' will be disposed below vibration sensors 101 at a predetermined depth, being at distance D' from depth D. Distance D' could be substantially equal to or greater than depth D, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • Distance D' could be substantially equal to or greater than depth D, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • Persons skilled in the art will recognize that more vibration sensors 101 ' can be disposed at deeper depths, such as hundreds of meters in depth, as necessary.
  • Vibration sensors 101 may also detect vibrations caused by the creation (digging) of a tunnel 1000 (shown in FIG. 2), as well as vibrations caused by the use of the tunnel, such as people or traffic traveling therethrough, etc.
  • Vibration sensors 101 preferably have data loggers 101 D to monitor and log vibration data.
  • Data loggers 101 D may be hard-wired to a computer system 102 in order to transmit vibration data received from vibration sensors 101 , as well as data downloads from the data stored in the data loggers 101 D.
  • the hard-wired connection will be via serial or Ethernet cables.
  • data loggers 101 D may also be wirelessly connected to the computer system 102.
  • Data loggers 101 D may be both hard-wired and wirelessly connected to the computer system 102 in order to provide redundant channels of communication in order to maintain communications even if one channel failed.
  • the wireless connection will be via cellular and/or Wi-Fi networks.
  • data loggers 101 D may be integrated, i.e., disposed in the same housing, as vibration sensors 101.
  • Data loggers 101 D can be programmed to only send
  • the data logger 101 D can send (or pass along) a message to the computer system 102 that effectively says "I'm vibration sensor 39. I have sensed vibration at level 45.” An adjacent vibration sensor 101 and/or data logger 101 D can also send a message to the computer system 102 that effectively says "I'm vibration sensor 40. I have sensed vibration at level 42.” Both vibration sensors 101 (or data logger 101 D) can also send a vibration profile to the computer system 102 that would indicate the sensed vibration over time.
  • data loggers 101 D may be configured to have different trigger levels, recording times (determining the length of time to record after the vibration sensor 101 has exceeded the desired trigger level), sample rates, communication interfaces, etc. according to the desired application.
  • the computer system 102 can then calculate the position (preferably within a three- dimensional space) of the epicenter of the vibration source using, for example, the time differential when vibrations were detected by the different vibration sensors 101 and/or the detected strength differential information for a vibration detected by the different vibration sensors 101 .
  • vibration sensors 101 and/or data loggers 101 D are synchronized so that the arrival time of a vibration at each vibration sensor 101 can be accurately compared.
  • the location of the vibration may also be calculated with an algorithm using multilateration.-vector intersection or other similar methods.
  • Multilateration uses the known distance between vibration sensors 101 to determine the point of origin.
  • Multilateration generates a set of hyperbolic curves where vector intersection generates a set of straight lines.
  • the intersection point of the hyperbolic curves or the vectors will be the point of origin of the vibration.
  • vibration sensors 101 located in multiple horizontal and vertical positions, the point of origin can be determined in three dimensional space.
  • the sampling rate of vibration sensors 101 has to be selected according to the granularity desired by the users, as the sample rate will affect the accuracy in locating the vibration source. For example, for a vibration frequency of 15-60 Hertz with a vibration velocity between 650-1200 meters per second, selecting a sample rate of 512 samples per second (sps) would result in a location resolution of about 2.3 meters. If a smaller resolution, i.e., more specific location, is desired, the sampling rate should be increased.
  • Computer system 102 can also compare the received vibration profiles to stored vibration profiles of known vibration sources, such as nearby cars, footsteps, construction activities, quarrying,
  • Computer system 102 can then transmit an alarm report via a network 104, such as the internet, cellular phone network, etc., to a user's computer 105C or mobile device, such as a tablet 105T or smartphone 105S, via email and/or text.
  • a network 104 such as the internet, cellular phone network, etc.
  • computer system 02 can provide information to a website showing the alarm report.
  • Such alarm report can preferably display the location of the detected vibration source, as well as the probable cause for the detected vibration.
  • computer system 102 can alert a monitoring station 105M (or a person at such monitoring station 105M) to call the user to relay the alarm report information.
  • vibration sensors 101 can be programmed with different threshold levels. For example it may be advantageous to raise the threshold levels for vibration sensors 101 near housing structure 103, where high vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic would be expected, to avoid frequent alarms.
  • computer system 102 may be programmed to ignore certain vibration profiles between some established time periods, e.g., 9am to 5pm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

A vibration detection system with first and second vibration sensor assemblies. The first vibration sensor assembly is installed at a first depth below a ground surface. The second vibration sensor assembly is installed relative to the first vibration sensor assembly at a horizontal distance away from the first vibration sensor assembly and/or at a second depth below the ground surface, where the second depth is different than the first depth. The first and second vibration sensor assemblies are connected to at least one data logger, which is connected to a computer system. The computer system can calculate a location of a vibration source based on data received from the data logger.

Description

PERIMETER VIBRATION DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present application derives priority from US Patent Application No. 62/219,974, filed on September 17, 2015, titled "PERIMETER VIBRATION DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD," now pending and is fully incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to tunnel detection and
perimeter vibration detection systems and methods for using such systems.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a perimeter vibration detection system.
[0004] Fig. 2 is a simplified top view of the system of Fig. 1.
[0005] Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the main elements of the
perimeter vibration detection system.
[0006] Fig. 4 is a side view illustration an arrangement of vibration sensors.
DESCRIPTION
[0007] FIGS. 1-2 illustrate a perimeter vibration detection system 100 according to the invention. Perimeter vibration detection system 100 includes vibration sensors 101 that are installed along a border or around the perimeter P to be monitored. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the vibration sensors 101 should have a wide enough frequency response in order to detect the anticipated or desired vibration. Vibration sensors 101 can be geophones, or other velocity sensors, accelerometers or MEMS sensors. Persons skilled in the art will select the type of vibration sensor 101 according to the application and installation method.
[0008] Vibration sensor 101 may include a sensor, signal processing circuitry and/or a housing to protect the sensor and/or circuitry.
Vibration sensor 101 may also include power and wireless
communication and/or a cable for providing communication and power to vibration sensor 101 and/or connecting vibration sensor 101 to a data logger 101 D for communicating data thereto.
[0009] Referring to FIGS. 1-2 and 4, vibration sensors 101 are
preferably installed on the surface or in the ground at a predetermined depth D from the ground surface, preferably between 5 meters and 100 meters, and typically do not to exceed 1000 meters, for a typical vibration sensor 101 that requires 3 volts and 5 milliamperes.
[0010] In addition vibration sensors 101 at the predetermined depth D are preferably disposed at a predetermined horizontal distance H from each other. This distance is preferably between 5 to 45 meters.
Persons skilled in the art will recognize that vibration sensors with greater sensitivity can be installed at a greater distance apart. Similarly, persons skilled in the art will recognize that vibration sensors with lesser sensitivity can be installed at a smaller distance apart.
Preferably, the horizontal distance is selected so that the detection areas of each adjacent vibration sensors 101 overlap. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the resulting pattern of vibration sensors 101 will be chosen to provide adequate vibration detection of a specific area and/or perimeter. For example vibration sensors 101 can be installed in a straight line that is tens or hundreds of kilometers long, or around the perimeter of a specific area, as shown in FIGS. 1-2.
[0011] If it is desired to monitor vibration at a depth lower than depth D, persons skilled in the art will recognize that more vibration sensors 101 ' can be disposed below vibration sensors 101. Preferably vibration sensors 101 ' will be disposed below vibration sensors 101 at a predetermined depth, being at distance D' from depth D. Distance D' could be substantially equal to or greater than depth D, as shown in FIG. 4. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that more vibration sensors 101 ' can be disposed at deeper depths, such as hundreds of meters in depth, as necessary.
[0012] Persons skilled in the art shall recognize that providing vibration sensors 101 under the ground surface provides a discrete method to monitor and/or protect a border or perimeter. Vibration sensors 101 may also detect vibrations caused by the creation (digging) of a tunnel 1000 (shown in FIG. 2), as well as vibrations caused by the use of the tunnel, such as people or traffic traveling therethrough, etc.
[0013] Vibration sensors 101 preferably have data loggers 101 D to monitor and log vibration data. Data loggers 101 D may be hard-wired to a computer system 102 in order to transmit vibration data received from vibration sensors 101 , as well as data downloads from the data stored in the data loggers 101 D. Preferably the hard-wired connection will be via serial or Ethernet cables. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that data loggers 101 D may also be wirelessly connected to the computer system 102. Data loggers 101 D may be both hard-wired and wirelessly connected to the computer system 102 in order to provide redundant channels of communication in order to maintain communications even if one channel failed. Preferably the wireless connection will be via cellular and/or Wi-Fi networks. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that data loggers 101 D may be integrated, i.e., disposed in the same housing, as vibration sensors 101.
[0014] Data loggers 101 D can be programmed to only send
data/information once the sensed vibration at a particular vibration sensor 101 reaches a predetermined threshold level. The data logger 101 D can send (or pass along) a message to the computer system 102 that effectively says "I'm vibration sensor 39. I have sensed vibration at level 45." An adjacent vibration sensor 101 and/or data logger 101 D can also send a message to the computer system 102 that effectively says "I'm vibration sensor 40. I have sensed vibration at level 42." Both vibration sensors 101 (or data logger 101 D) can also send a vibration profile to the computer system 102 that would indicate the sensed vibration over time.
[0015] Persons skilled in the art should recognize that data loggers 101 D may be configured to have different trigger levels, recording times (determining the length of time to record after the vibration sensor 101 has exceeded the desired trigger level), sample rates, communication interfaces, etc. according to the desired application.
[0016] Because the computer system 102 has been programmed to know the locations of and distances between vibration sensors 39, 40, or can read this information from the sensors, the computer system 102 can then calculate the position (preferably within a three- dimensional space) of the epicenter of the vibration source using, for example, the time differential when vibrations were detected by the different vibration sensors 101 and/or the detected strength differential information for a vibration detected by the different vibration sensors 101 . In one embodiment, vibration sensors 101 and/or data loggers 101 D are synchronized so that the arrival time of a vibration at each vibration sensor 101 can be accurately compared. [0017] The location of the vibration may also be calculated with an algorithm using multilateration.-vector intersection or other similar methods. These methods use the known distance between vibration sensors 101 to determine the point of origin. Multilateration generates a set of hyperbolic curves where vector intersection generates a set of straight lines. The intersection point of the hyperbolic curves or the vectors will be the point of origin of the vibration. With vibration sensors 101 located in multiple horizontal and vertical positions, the point of origin can be determined in three dimensional space.
[0018] Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the sampling rate of vibration sensors 101 has to be selected according to the granularity desired by the users, as the sample rate will affect the accuracy in locating the vibration source. For example, for a vibration frequency of 15-60 Hertz with a vibration velocity between 650-1200 meters per second, selecting a sample rate of 512 samples per second (sps) would result in a location resolution of about 2.3 meters. If a smaller resolution, i.e., more specific location, is desired, the sampling rate should be increased.
[0019] Computer system 102 can also compare the received vibration profiles to stored vibration profiles of known vibration sources, such as nearby cars, footsteps, construction activities, quarrying,
excavation/tunneling, pile driving, blasting, tremors, tunnel construction (using shovels, picks, drills, jack hammers or heavy equipment, for example), tunnel usage, etc. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the stored vibration profiles may be updated with new vibration profiles.
[0020] Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the velocity of the vibration through the ground should change based on the materials present underground. However the effect of these differences in underground materials should be minimized by the system due to the multiple vibration sensors 101.
[0021] Computer system 102 can then transmit an alarm report via a network 104, such as the internet, cellular phone network, etc., to a user's computer 105C or mobile device, such as a tablet 105T or smartphone 105S, via email and/or text. Alternatively, computer system 02 can provide information to a website showing the alarm report. Such alarm report can preferably display the location of the detected vibration source, as well as the probable cause for the detected vibration. In addition, computer system 102 can alert a monitoring station 105M (or a person at such monitoring station 105M) to call the user to relay the alarm report information.
[0022] Persons skilled in the art will recognize that vibration sensors 101 can be programmed with different threshold levels. For example it may be advantageous to raise the threshold levels for vibration sensors 101 near housing structure 103, where high vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic would be expected, to avoid frequent alarms.
Alternatively computer system 102 may be programmed to ignore certain vibration profiles between some established time periods, e.g., 9am to 5pm.
[0023] The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the scope of the invention.

Claims

What is Claimed Is:
Claim 1 : A vibration detection system comprising:
a first vibration sensor assembly comprising a first housing, and a first vibration sensor disposed within the first housing, the first vibration sensor assembly being installed at a first depth below a ground surface;
a second vibration sensor assembly comprising a second housing, and a second vibration sensor disposed within the second housing, the second vibration sensor assembly being installed relative to the first vibration sensor assembly at at least one of a horizontal distance from the first vibration sensor assembly and a second depth below the ground surface, the second depth being different than the first depth;
the first and second vibration sensor assemblies being connected to at least one data logger;
a computer system connected to the at least one data logger for analyzing data received from the at least one data logger, wherein the computer system calculates a location of a vibration source.
Claim 2: The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein the first depth is less than 1000 meters.
Claim 3: The vibration detection system of Claim 2, wherein the first depth is between 5 and 100 meters.
Claim 4: The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein the horizontal distance is between 5 and 45 meters.
Claim 5: The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein the first vibration sensor assembly is wirelessly connected to the at least one data logger. Claim 6: The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein the first vibration sensor assembly is hard-wired connected to the at least one data logger.
Claim 7: The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein the at least one data logger is contained within the first housing.
Claim 8: The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein the at least one data logger is wirelessly connected to the computer system.
Claim 9: The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein the at least one data logger is hard-wired connected to the computer system.
Claim 10: The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein the at least one data logger transmits data to the computer system when an amplitude of detected vibration reaches a predetermined threshold.
Claim 11 : The vibration detection system of Claim 1 , wherein when an amplitude of a detected vibration reaches a predetermined threshold, the computer system alerts a monitoring station.
PCT/US2016/040267 2015-09-17 2016-06-30 Perimeter vibration detection system and method WO2017048347A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/760,258 US20180252828A1 (en) 2015-09-17 2016-06-30 Perimeter vibration detection system and method
IL303092A IL303092A (en) 2015-09-17 2016-06-30 Perimeter vibration detection system and method
EP16846994.8A EP3350784A4 (en) 2015-09-17 2016-06-30 Perimeter vibration detection system and method
IL258072A IL258072A (en) 2015-09-17 2018-03-13 Perimeter vibration detection system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562219974P 2015-09-17 2015-09-17
US62/219,974 2015-09-17

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EP (1) EP3350784A4 (en)
IL (2) IL303092A (en)
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US20180252828A1 (en) 2018-09-06

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