WO2017045633A1 - 油菜灌溉系统 - Google Patents

油菜灌溉系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017045633A1
WO2017045633A1 PCT/CN2016/099153 CN2016099153W WO2017045633A1 WO 2017045633 A1 WO2017045633 A1 WO 2017045633A1 CN 2016099153 W CN2016099153 W CN 2016099153W WO 2017045633 A1 WO2017045633 A1 WO 2017045633A1
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water supply
water
pipe
controller
humidity
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PCT/CN2016/099153
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French (fr)
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黄方元
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黄方元
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • the invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a rapeseed irrigation system.
  • Rapeseed has children on soils that are loose, fertile, high in organic matter, and rich in water and fertilizer. In the early stage of growth, rapeseed has a greater demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Therefore, most people will apply a large amount of fertilizer for nutrient supplementation after planting rapeseed. Due to the erratic weather, the moisture content of rapeseed in the growing soil is easily affected by the weather. When the water is not known enough, the seed germination rate is usually low; if the water is too much, the seed is easily rotted, resulting in low germination rate. In technology, it is usually based on the experience of the breeder to control when the land is irrigated. This will cause difficulties in seed germination.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a rapeseed irrigation system comprising: a water supply component, a humidity detector and a controller; the water supply component and the humidity detector are both connected to the controller;
  • the humidity detector is configured to acquire a humidity value of the soil; and send the humidity value to the controller;
  • the controller is configured to control opening and closing of the water supply assembly according to the humidity value.
  • the water supply assembly includes a water pump, a water supply pipe, and a water spray head; the water pump is in communication with the water supply pipe; and the spray head is fixed to the water supply pipe.
  • the water supply pipe comprises a main water pipe and a water pipe; the main water pipe is buried in the ground; part of the water pipe is buried in the ground, and a part of the water pipe is extended on the ground surface; the water pipe buried in the ground is connected to the main water pipe and extended A branch pipe on the ground surface.
  • the number of the water jet heads is several, and all the water jet heads are disposed at the gaps of the plants.
  • the controller determines whether the humidity value is less than a preset range; if yes, sending a start signal to the water supply component, and the water supply component starts to supply water to the land;
  • the invention detects the humidity value in the soil by the humidity detector, and then controls the water distribution component according to the humidity value of the soil to be irrigated by the controller, so that the water in the soil can meet the needs of germination.
  • the value can effectively increase the germination rate of rapeseed seeds.
  • the controller may also alarm when the detected humidity value is greater than the preset range, and remind the operator to perform drainage to prevent the seed from rot. Further increase the germination rate of the seeds.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for planting rapeseed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an irrigation system in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of an irrigation control in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method for planting rapeseed includes the following steps:
  • step S1 the seed and the nutrient soil are mixed in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:5 by weight.
  • the nutrient soil is composed of grass ash, black mountain mud and mixed in a ratio of 2:1 by weight.
  • the plant ash is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, so that the seed is mixed with the nutrient soil and then sown, so that the seed can obtain sufficient nutrients when germinated.
  • the soil of the ash and black soil is relatively soft, and the seeds can be broken out after germination.
  • step S2 the mixed seed and the nutrient soil are sown in a predetermined land, and seeded in a row or column arrangement, and the distance between each row or column is 15-25 cm.
  • the predetermined land is in the shape of a mound that has been ploughed and used for sowing on the land, and adjacent mounds are arranged in parallel, and the spacing between adjacent mounds is 15-25 cm.
  • the mixed seed and the nutrient soil are sown on a column of a column shape or a row shape at a weight of 0.2 g to 0.5 g each time.
  • step S3 the seed is planted into a plant within a predetermined time, and when the plant grows to the first predetermined time, the top bud of each plant is removed for the first time.
  • the predetermined time may be about 3-5 days.
  • the first predetermined time period is when the main stem of the plant has 5-6 branches. Remove the top at this time Buds can promote the growth of plant branches.
  • step S4 the top bud is removed a second time when the plant grows to the second predetermined time.
  • the second predetermined time period is when each branch has 9-13 leaves. At this time, the number of flowering results on the branches and the main branches can be effectively promoted.
  • step S5 the rapeseed is harvested after ripening.
  • step S6-step S8 may be further included: step S6, after the mixed seed and nutrient soil are sown in the predetermined land, respectively, the leaf is covered at the seeding position. loose.
  • the larch has a thickness of 1-5 cm.
  • the larch can be used to protect freshly germinated rapeseed seedlings. Since the newly germinated rapeseed is relatively tender and easily damaged by impurities such as sand and sand, the laying of larch can make the seedlings of rapeseed interspersed in the larch, thereby reducing the damage of impurities such as sand and sand.
  • larch When the seedling grows larch, its trunk It has been relatively strong and can resist the damage of impurities such as sand and sand.
  • impurities such as sand and sand.
  • larch is also rich in elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can provide nutrients for the growth of rapeseed.
  • step S7 after covering the larch, the plastic film is covered at each seeding position.
  • the plastic film is intended to maintain soil moisture and a suitable temperature.
  • step S8 the film is removed before the top bud of each plant is removed for the first time.
  • the film can be removed when 1-5 leaves of the seedlings are worn out of the larch.
  • the germination rate of rapeseed is compared by a specific example: the same land is equally divided and labeled as A and B.
  • the row spacing of A land and B land is about 40cm, and the error can be ⁇ 1cm. Fertilize, irrigate and manage in the same way.
  • the number of seedlings in A land was about 2,573, while the number of seedlings in B land was about 2,343.
  • the number of seedlings in A land was about 3,590, while the number of seedlings in B land was about 3,351.
  • the number of seedlings in A land was about 3890, while the number of seedlings in B land was about 3441.
  • the germination rate of rapeseed is greater than that of traditional seeding by mixing seeds with nutrient soil and then sowing.
  • the method of irrigation can be drip irrigation or flood irrigation.
  • the present invention also provides a system and method for irrigating land with rapeseed.
  • the system includes a water supply assembly 1, a humidity detector 2, and a controller 3.
  • the water supply assembly 1 includes a water pump 11, a water supply pipe 12, and a water spray head 13.
  • the water pump 11 is for supplying water of a water source to the water supply pipe 12, and the water is supplied to the water spray head 13 through the water supply pipe 12.
  • the water jet head can spray the water out in a fan shape, so that the water obtained on the land is relatively uniform.
  • the water supply pipe includes a main water pipe and a water pipe; the main water pipe is buried in the ground; some of the water pipes are buried in the ground, and some of the water pipes are extended on the ground surface.
  • the water pipe buried in the ground is connected to the main water pipe and the water pipe extending from the ground surface.
  • the number of the water jet heads 13 is several, and the water spray heads 13 are disposed at the gaps of the rows or columns.
  • a plurality of water supply pipes 12 (a water pipe exposed to the ground) may be vertically disposed at a gap of a row or a column, and one to four water sprays may be respectively disposed at the top of each water supply pipe 12 (a water pipe exposed to the ground) Head 13.
  • the humidity detector 2 may be a soil moisture sensor for collecting moisture values of the soil.
  • the number of the humidity detectors 2 may be plural, for example, a humidity detector 2 is disposed at intervals of about 1-5 m on each column or row of mounds.
  • Each humidity detector 2 is connected in parallel
  • the controller 3 is connected via a bus.
  • the controller 3 is for controlling whether the water supply unit 1 operates based on the humidity value of the humidity detecting sensor 2.
  • the step S100 of the irrigation may include the following:
  • step A1 the humidity value of the soil is obtained in real time; the process of obtaining the humidity value may include detecting the humidity value of the corresponding position by the humidity detector, and transmitting the humidity value to the controller.
  • step A2 it is determined whether the humidity value is within a preset range.
  • the humidity value is the weight ratio of the weight of water per cubic meter of soil to the dry soil.
  • the preset range may be 10-60%.
  • the controller determines whether the humidity value detected by the humidity detector above 65% is within a preset range, or is greater than a preset range; or is smaller than a preset range. For example, if more than 65% of the humidity detectors detect that the humidity value is within the preset range, the soil moisture is within the preset range, otherwise it is not within the preset range.
  • step A3 if the result of the determination in step A2 is YES, the controller does not send any command to the water supply component, or sends a command to close the water supply component. Specifically, when the water supply assembly is in an inoperative state and the humidity value is within a preset range, the controller does not send any command to the water supply assembly. When the water supply component is in the water supply state and the humidity value is within the preset range, a command to close the water supply component is sent.
  • step A3 if the result of the determination in step A2 is no, it is further determined whether the humidity value is greater than the preset range or less than the preset range, and if it is less than, the controller sends a start command to the water supply component through the water supply component. Irrigation of the land; if it is greater, an alarm is issued to remind the staff to drain the soil. When the soil moisture is detected When the value is greater than the preset range, the controller further detects whether the water supply component is in an active state, and if so, sends a shutdown command to turn off the water supply component, otherwise no instruction is sent to the water supply component.

Abstract

一种油菜灌溉系统，包括供水组件（1）、湿度检测器（2）及控制器（3），所述供水组件（1）及湿度检测器（2）均与所述控制器（3）连接，所述湿度检测器（2）用于获取土壤的湿度值，并将该湿度值发送至控制器（3），所述控制器（3）用于根据所述湿度值控制供水组件（1）的开启与关闭。控制器（3）通过监控土壤的湿度进行灌溉，使得土壤湿度保持在适合种子发芽的合适值。

Description

油菜灌溉系统 技术领域
本发明涉及农业种植领域，具体涉及一种油菜灌溉系统。
背景技术
油菜对土壤在喜欢疏松、肥沃、有机质含量高、保水保肥性强的土壤上生子。油菜在生长的初期对氮、磷、钾的需求较大。因此大多数人在种植油菜之后会施大量的化肥进行养分补充。由于天气变化无常，油菜在生长的土壤中水分的含量容易受天气的影响，总所周知水分不够时，种子发芽率通常较低；若水分过多时种子容易被腐烂，导致发芽率低，现有技术中，通常根据种地者的经验来控制何时对土地进行灌溉。如此会出现种子发芽困难的情况发生。
因此有必要提供一种能监控土壤水分的系统来控制对土地的灌溉。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种能够有效提高发芽率的油菜灌溉系统。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种油菜灌溉系统，其特征在于：包括供水组件、湿度检测器及控制器；所述供水组件及湿度检测器均与所述控制器连接；
所述湿度检测器用于获取土壤的湿度值；并将该湿度值发送至控制器；
所述控制器用于根据所述湿度值控制供水组件的开启与关闭。
优选地，所述供水组件包括水泵、供水管及喷水头；所述水泵与供水管连通；所述喷头固定于供水管。
优选地，所述供水管包括主水管及支水管；所述主水管埋设于地下；部分支水管埋设于地下，部分伸出处于地表面；埋设于地下的支水管连通于主水管及伸出处于地表面的支水管。
优选地，所述喷水头的数量若干个，所有喷水头均设置于植株的间隙处。
优选地，所述控制器在获取土壤的湿度值之后，判断所述湿度值是否小于预设范围；若是，则发送启动信号至供水组件，供水组件启动为土地供水；
在供水组件启动的状态下，检测到所述湿度值是否大于预设范围；若是，则发送关闭信号至供水组件，将供水组件关闭。
本发明的有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明通过湿度检测器对土壤中的湿度值进行检测，然后通过控制器根据土壤的湿度值控制布水组件进行灌溉，使得土壤中的水分能满足发芽而需要的合适值，从可有效的提高油菜种子的发芽率。另外所述控制器还可在为启动布水组件的情况下，对检测到的湿度值大于预设范围时而进行报警，提醒操作人员去进行排水，防止种子腐烂。进一步提高种子的发芽率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例中一种油菜种植方法流程图；
图2为本发明的实施例中一种灌溉系统示意图；
图3为本发明的实施例中一种灌溉控制流程图。
具体实施方式
下面，结合附图以及具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述：
参照图1与图2，本实施例所述的一种油菜种植方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1，将种子与营养土按照重量比例为1:3～1:5的比例混合。所述营养土包括草木灰、黑山泥及按照重量比为2:1的比例混合制成。所述草木灰及富含丰富的氮、磷、钾等元素，因此将种子与营养土混合后在播种，可使得种子在发芽时得到足够的养料。并且草木灰、黑山泥土质较为松软，种子发芽之后可以顺利破土而出。
步骤S2，将混合后的种子与营养土在预定的土地播种，以行或者列的排列形式进行播种，每行或者每列之间的距离为15-25cm。所述预定的土地为已经耕过，并且在土地上用于播种的土堆呈列或者行的形状，相邻的土堆平行设置，相邻土堆之间的间距为15-25cm。将混合的后的种子与营养土以每次0.2g-0.5g的重量间隔的列形状或者行形状的土堆上播种。
步骤S3，在预定时间内所述种子发成植株，当植株长至第一预定时节时，第一次去除各植株的顶芽。所述预定时间可为3-5天左右。所述第一预定时节为植株的主枝干的长有5-6个分枝时。此时去除顶 芽可促进植株分枝的增长。
步骤S4，当植株长至第二预定时节时，第二次去除顶芽。所述第二预定时节为各分枝长有9-13片叶子时。此时可有效的促进个分枝及主枝上开花结果的数量。
步骤S5，待油菜籽成熟后收割。
作为优选的方案，在步骤S2与步骤S3之间，还可以包括步骤S6-步骤S8：步骤S6，在将混合后的种子与营养土在预定的土地播种之后，在播种的位置处分别覆盖落叶松。所述落叶松的厚度为1-5厘米。所述落叶松的可用于保护刚发芽的油菜幼苗。由于刚发芽的油菜比较嫩容易受到风沙等杂质的损坏，通过铺设落叶松，可使得油菜的幼苗可以穿插在落叶松内，从而减少风沙等杂质的损害，当幼苗长出落叶松之后，其主干已经比较茁壮可以抗风沙等杂质的损害。另外落叶松还也富含氮磷钾等元素，可为油菜的生长提供养料。
步骤S7，在覆盖落叶松之后，在各播种位置覆盖塑料薄膜。所述塑料薄膜是为了保持土壤的水分及适合的温度。
步骤S8，在第一次去除各植株的顶芽之前，将薄膜去除。具体的可为在幼苗的1-5片叶子穿出了落叶松的时候可将薄膜去除。
以下通过具体的例子对油菜的发芽率进行对比：将相同的土地平均分成，并进行标记为A和B。
将0.25kg的种子与1kg的营养土搅拌均匀在A土地播种。将另外的0.25kg的种子按照传统的方式播种。
A土地和B土地播种的行距均为40cm左右，误差可在±1cm。 按照同样的方式进行施肥、灌溉及管理。
在第3天A土地油菜幼苗数约为2573株，而B土地的幼苗数约为2343株。在第5天A土地油菜幼苗数约为3590株，而B土地的幼苗数约为3351株。在第8天A土地油菜幼苗数约为3890株，而B土地的幼苗数约为3441株。综上结果，通过将种子与营养土混合之后再播种，油菜的发芽率大于传统播种方式。
另外在步骤S2之后还需要每隔预定时间对油菜进行施肥及并且不定期对土地进行灌溉。灌溉的方式可以采用滴灌法或漫灌法。
作为一优选方案，本发明还提供一种为种有油菜的土地进行灌溉的系统及方法。该系统包括供水组件1、湿度检测器2及控制器3。所述供水组件1包括水泵11、供水管12及喷水头13。所述水泵11用于将水源的水供入至供水管12，通过供水管12将水输送着喷水头13。所述喷水头可将水呈扇形喷洒出去，使得土地上获得的水比较均匀。所述供水管包括主水管及支水管；所述主水管埋设于地下；部分支水管埋设于地下，部分伸出处于地表面。埋设于地下的支水管连通于主水管及伸出处于地表面的支水管。所述喷水头13的数量若干个，并且喷水头13均设置于行或者列的间隙处。例如可在行或者列的间隙处垂直设置多个供水管12(露出于地面的支水管)，可在每个供水管12(露出于地面的支水管)的顶端分别设置1至4个喷水头13。所述湿度检测器2可为土壤水分传感器，其用于采集土壤的湿度值。所述湿度检测器2的数量可为多个，例如每列或者行土堆上间隔1-5m左右设置一个湿度检测器2。各湿度检测器2分别以并联的方式连接 至总线上，通过总线与所述控制器3连接。所述控制器3用于根据湿度检测传感器2的湿度值控制供水组件1是否工作。
参照图3，所述灌溉的步骤S100可以包括如下：
步骤A1，实时获取土壤的湿度值；获取湿度值的过程可以包括，通过湿度检测器检测相应位置的湿度值，并将该湿度值发送至控制器。
步骤A2，判断所述湿度值是否处于预设范围内。所述湿度值为每立方米土壤中水分的重量与干土壤的重量比。所述预设范围可为10-60％。所述控制器在接收所述湿度值之后，判断是否65％以上的湿度检测器检测的湿度值满处于预设范围内，或者大于预设范围；或者小于预设范围。例如，若65％以上的湿度检测器检测的湿度值满处于预设范围内，则说明土壤的湿度处于预设范围内，否则不处于预设范围内。
步骤A3，若步骤A2的判断结果为是，控制器则不发送任何命令给供水组件，或者发送关闭供水组件的命令。具体是，当供水组件处于未工作状态，所述湿度值处于预设范围内，则控制器不发送任何命令给供水组件。当供水组件处于供水状态，而湿度值处于预设范围内时，则发送关闭供水组件的命令。
步骤A3，若步骤A2的判断结果为否，则进一步判断所述湿度值是大于所述预设范围还是小于所述预设范围，若是小于，则控制器发送启动命令给供水组件，通过供水组件为土地进行灌溉；若大于，则发出警报，提醒工作人员对土壤进行排水。当检测到所述土壤湿度 值大于预设范围时，所述控制器还检测所述供水组件是否处于工作状态，若是则发送关闭指令将供水组件关闭，否则不发送指令给供水组件。
对本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思，做出其它各种相应的改变以及形变，而所有的这些改变以及形变都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种油菜灌溉系统，其特征在于：包括供水组件、湿度检测器及控制器；所述供水组件及湿度检测器均与所述控制器连接；
    所述湿度检测器用于获取土壤的湿度值；并将该湿度值发送至控制器；
    所述控制器用于根据所述湿度值控制供水组件的开启与关闭。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的油菜灌溉系统，其特征在于：所述供水组件包括水泵、供水管及喷水头；所述水泵与供水管连通；所述喷头固定于供水管。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的油菜灌溉系统，其特征在于：所述供水管包括主水管及支水管；所述主水管埋设于地下；部分支水管埋设于地下，部分伸出处于地表面；埋设于地下的支水管连通于主水管及伸出处于地表面的支水管。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的油菜灌溉系统，其特征在于：所述喷水头的数量若干个，所有喷水头均设置于植株的间隙处。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的油菜灌溉系统，其特征在于：所述控制器在获取土壤的湿度值之后，判断所述湿度值是否小于预设范围；若是，则发送启动信号至供水组件，供水组件启动为土地供水；
    在供水组件启动的状态下，检测到所述湿度值是否大于预设范围；若是，则发送关闭信号至供水组件，将供水组件关闭。
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