WO2017036244A1 - 配电网数字仿真系统 - Google Patents

配电网数字仿真系统 Download PDF

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WO2017036244A1
WO2017036244A1 PCT/CN2016/087819 CN2016087819W WO2017036244A1 WO 2017036244 A1 WO2017036244 A1 WO 2017036244A1 CN 2016087819 W CN2016087819 W CN 2016087819W WO 2017036244 A1 WO2017036244 A1 WO 2017036244A1
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simulation
distribution network
server
data
task
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PCT/CN2016/087819
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘科研
盛万兴
刁赢龙
唐建岗
叶学顺
何开元
贾东梨
胡丽娟
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中国电力科学研究院
国家电网公司
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Priority to US15/757,401 priority Critical patent/US10922452B2/en
Publication of WO2017036244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017036244A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/955—Retrieval from the web using information identifiers, e.g. uniform resource locators [URL]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
    • G06F30/367—Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/06—Power analysis or power optimisation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a distribution network simulation technology in the electric field, and particularly relates to a digital simulation system for a distribution network based on a Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM).
  • DCOM Distributed Component Object Model
  • the distribution network is at the end of the power system. It is mainly used as a network for power distribution in the power network. It has distinctive features such as wide geographical distribution, large power grid scale, multiple types of equipment, diverse network connections, and varied operating modes.
  • the structure of the power distribution network is large and complex, and the network structure changes frequently due to faults or opening and closing of switches in load transfer operations. With the development of urbanization and the demand for electricity, the distribution network has been continuously transformed and expanded, and its scale has been continuously expanded. At the same time, the large-scale access and automation of various types of distributed power sources have led to its control and analysis. It has become increasingly complicated.
  • Distribution network simulation has become an important task throughout the research, planning and operation of power distribution systems. Only through in-depth simulation analysis of the distribution network can the forecasting of the distribution network planning and dispatching personnel be more accurate and the decision-making more scientific.
  • the present invention provides a digital simulation system for a distribution network based on DCOM.
  • DCOM digital simulation system for a distribution network based on DCOM.
  • a digital distribution system for a distribution network including: a client and a server,
  • the server side is an emulation server cluster composed of an emulation server; the client is connected to the emulation server cluster through a communication bus;
  • the server is configured to: run the information offline in a unit time, estimate the state of the distribution network, and simulate the operation state of the unit time offline, and obtain various operational indicators, including power flow distribution, voltage, reactive power, and line loss;
  • Real-time operation information in unit time estimating the state of the distribution network and simulating the running situation of the unit time online, and obtaining the various operation indexes
  • the distribution network structure and equipment information calculate the reliability level, trend simulation, expected accident simulation and reliability simulation of the distribution network, and obtain the fault reliability rate, the average system power outage frequency and the power outage duration;
  • the client is configured to invoke the simulation service provided by the server by using the DCOM component; the server is further configured to distribute the to-be-processed task to each node of the simulation server cluster.
  • the server side includes a data layer, an encapsulation layer, and a service layer;
  • the data layer is configured to extract simulation data from a simulation database and an external data source
  • the encapsulation layer is configured to encapsulate the emulation module of the service layer as a service
  • the service layer is configured to provide a simulation service for the client to uniformly invoke the encapsulation layer.
  • the simulation server cluster is respectively connected to the simulation database and an external data source through a dual data bus.
  • the encapsulation layer comprises:
  • topology module configured to load simulation data into the emulation server cluster shared memory
  • An in-memory computing module configured to call a DCOM component of the in-memory database to calculate memory
  • An interface module configured to transmit data in an XML format
  • a communication parsing module configured to parse an XML file sent by the client
  • the data filtering module is configured to filter the received data through an open simulation interface to filter the illegal request.
  • the service layer comprises a simulation module
  • the simulation module includes:
  • Run the simulation unit offline configure the information to run offline in unit time, estimate the status of the distribution network and simulate the operation status of the unit offline, and obtain various operational indicators, including power flow distribution, voltage, reactive power and line loss;
  • Running the simulation unit online configured to run the information in real time in a unit time, estimating the state of the distribution network and simulating the running situation of the unit online, and obtaining the operation indexes;
  • a fault simulation unit configured to calculate a short circuit current of the distribution network
  • Reliability simulation unit configured to calculate the distribution network based on the distribution network structure and equipment information Reliability level and trend simulation, expected accident simulation and N-K reliability simulation, to obtain fault reliability rate, system average power outage frequency and power outage duration;
  • Optimizing the simulation unit comprising: a reactive power optimization simulation subunit and a site selection constant volume simulation subunit; the reactive power optimization simulation subunit configured to calculate a capacitor capacity and a position of the reactive power compensation device; the site selection constant volume simulation a unit configured to provide a wiring scheme that satisfies the load of the distribution network;
  • Graphic library maintenance unit to achieve unified maintenance of graphic data and attribute data.
  • the service layer provides the emulation service for the client to uniformly invoke the encapsulation layer, which is implemented by:
  • the simulation task with complex network size and many nodes is cut and distributed to the idle simulation server, while maintaining a coordinated communication process, integrating the intermediate values of the respective nodes, and generating simulation results;
  • the service layer is further configured to allocate the simulation task by using a dynamic polling method in the following manner:
  • N simulation nodes are polled to obtain the real-time performance and the current task amount of each node, and the current task amount is estimated to be t i (i ⁇ N); N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the intelligent distribution network digital simulation platform can effectively reduce the power outage time of the non-faulty line when the power grid is faulty, improve the power supply reliability level of the power grid as a whole, and avoid power outages in important industries such as high-tech industries and commercial finance. Cause huge economic losses; have significant economic and social benefits.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed deployment manner of a digital simulation system for a distribution network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a server-side architecture of a digital simulation system of a distribution network
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the maintenance of the model of the digital simulation system of the distribution network
  • Figure 4 is a data flow diagram of the server side of the simulation system
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of the digital simulation of the distribution network.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a digital simulation system for a distribution network based on DCOM, which is aimed at the simulation requirements of the research, planning, operation, etc. of the distribution network, and considers matching
  • the network itself has many different types of equipment, the data source has a large number of missing points, the network scale is difficult to calculate, and the grid is frequently updated.
  • It proposes a digital simulation function system that covers the current distribution network, so that it can It is applied to many departments such as decision-making, planning and design, dispatching and inspection, etc.; thus realizing simulation technologies such as distribution network operation simulation, fault simulation, reliability simulation and optimization simulation.
  • the system includes: a client and a server, where the server is an emulation server cluster composed of a plurality of emulation servers; and the emulation server cluster is connected to the client through a communication bus.
  • the client is configured to invoke the emulation service provided by the server side using the DCOM component; the server side is configured to distribute the pending task to the node of each emulation server cluster.
  • DCOM-based distributed cluster deployment of digital distribution system for distribution network can not only distribute computing requests of different functions of multiple users to the simulation server cluster, increase simulation throughput, and improve the flexibility and availability of the entire simulation server cluster. It can also solve the problems of high dimensionality, excessive calculation and low efficiency of large-scale power grids, and cut the distribution network vertically to realize parallel simulation calculation.
  • the server includes a data layer, an encapsulation layer, and a service layer.
  • the data layer is configured to provide basic data required for calculation for the encapsulation layer, and extract simulation data from the simulation database and the external data source. Realizing integration and cleaning of heterogeneous data of the distribution network;
  • the encapsulation layer is configured to encapsulate the simulation module of the service layer into various simulation services;
  • the service layer is configured to provide a simulation service for the client to uniformly invoke the encapsulation layer, and implement a different control between the different hosts by using a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and an operating system underlying application programming interface (API). (that is, between the emulation server cluster and the client) the call of the program.
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • API application programming interface
  • the emulation server cluster is connected to the emulation database and external data source via a dual data bus.
  • the encapsulation layer includes:
  • Topology service configured to load simulation data from the simulation database into the simulation server set Group shared memory; avoiding repeated calls to the simulation database affecting computational efficiency; the communication parser is responsible for parsing the Extensible Markup Language (XML) file sent by the client, and the data filtering function is based on the open emulation interface. Data is filtered to discard illegal requests.
  • XML Extensible Markup Language
  • the memory calculation module (not shown in FIG. 2) is configured to call the DCOM component of the in-memory database (maintaining the database in memory) to calculate the memory; the calculation method includes the power flow calculation, the fault calculation, the reliable calculation, and the optimization calculation; thereby improving the in-memory database The speed of operation.
  • the interface module is configured to transmit XML format data; the simulation system client can transparently invoke the simulation algorithm, and the simulation system server side can flexibly expand the function through the service mode.
  • Communication parsing configured to parse the XML file sent by the client
  • Data filtering configured to filter received data (ie, XML files) through an open simulation interface to filter for illegal requests.
  • the service layer includes a simulation module; the simulation module is defined by a loosely coupled service, independent of the hardware platform, operating system, and programming language that implements the service.
  • the client can transparently submit the simulation request and obtain the result by using a predefined interface and protocol connection.
  • a unified server-side service layer flexible horizontal/vertical extensions are available to accommodate escalating services.
  • the simulation module includes:
  • Run the simulation unit offline configured to run the information offline (that is, configuration data) in unit time, estimate the distribution network status and simulate the running situation of the time period (that is, the unit time mentioned above) offline, and obtain various operation indicators. , including tidal current distribution, voltage, reactive power and line loss;
  • the online running simulation unit is configured to run the information in real time in a unit time, estimate the state of the distribution network, and simulate the running situation of the time period (that is, the unit time mentioned above) online, and obtain the operation indexes;
  • the offline running simulation unit and the online running simulation unit constitute the distribution network operation simulation, which is The most basic and most commonly used algorithm for power system calculation, according to the operating conditions, network wiring and component parameters given by the system, the voltage amplitude and phase angle of each busbar can be determined by the power flow calculation.
  • Distribution network operation simulation technology includes offline simulation and online simulation. Online simulation collects real-time data from data sources such as a district distribution automation system and electricity information collection system, and analyzes the running status of the entire distribution network in real time.
  • the fault simulation unit is configured to calculate the short-circuit current of the distribution network; study the damage caused by limiting the fault, and narrow the scope of the fault; the complex and variable distribution network, directly producing faults at the production site to collect data is not only easy to cause certain risks, Moreover, the related test cost is also relatively high, so the grounding test is generally prohibited, which makes it difficult to obtain a large number of faults.
  • the original data summarizes the common fault types to discover the cause of the fault. For this reason, in the embodiment of the present invention, the fault analysis is performed by digital simulation by establishing a model. .
  • the digital simulation system of the distribution network calculates the short-circuit current, simulates the whole process of the fault occurrence and the hazard caused after the event, and obtains relevant data to effectively guide the operation of the inspection.
  • the distribution network digital simulation system is based on the reliability parameters of components and systems in the distribution network, and quantitatively evaluates the reliability level of the system, including the historical reliability level of the system and the reliability level in the future time. Due to the access of the distributed power system, the structure and operation mode of the distribution network have undergone great changes, and the operation mode of the distributed power supply itself is very different from that of the traditional distribution network components. The digital simulation system considers the distribution.
  • the network structure of the distribution network After the power supply is connected, the network structure of the distribution network, the fault/maintenance information of the power grid and equipment, calculate the reliability level and trend of the distribution network under different operating environments and conditions, and give the fault reliability rate, the average power outage frequency of the system, Indicators such as power outage duration.
  • the reliability simulation unit is used for distribution network structure and equipment information, including distribution network automation system, production management system (PMS, Production). Management System), electricity information collection system, geographic information system (GIS), etc., distribution network data source extraction equipment account data, distribution network frame information, mining information, load information, etc. Reliability level and trend simulation of the network, expected accident simulation and NK reliability simulation, obtaining fault reliability rate, system average power outage frequency and power outage duration;
  • the graphic library maintenance unit realizes the unified maintenance of graphic data and attribute data, and realizes input of data that needs to be maintained by graphics, data, and account, and is divided into data maintenance, engineering setting, and editing. Settings, file class settings, drawing, data publishing and more. All geographic map data, graphic data and attribute data are entered and maintained through the map maintenance system. These data include the station wiring diagram (including in the substation and multiple loops), electrical system diagram, condition map data, and geographic map. Data, device attribute data, device model table, open system direct storage (DAS, Direct-Attached Storage) operating parameters.
  • DAS Direct-Attached Storage
  • the service layer provides a simulation service for the client to uniformly invoke the encapsulation layer, including the following steps:
  • Each sub-network is independently calculated, does not affect each other, and avoids serial execution. After decomposition, high-dimensional algorithms for large-scale systems are avoided to obtain certain computational benefits;
  • the step (1) of assigning a simulation task by using a dynamic polling method includes the following steps:
  • the above-described integrated unit of the present invention can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
  • the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a plurality of instructions for making A computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) performs all or part of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a mobile storage device, A variety of media that can store program code, such as RAM, ROM, disk, or optical disk.

Abstract

一种配电网数字仿真系统，包括：客户端和服务器端，所述服务器端为若干仿真服务器组成的仿真服务器集群；所述仿真服务器集群通过通信总线与所述客户端相互连接；其中，所述客户端配置为使用DCOM组件调用服务器端提供的仿真服务；所述服务器端配置为将待处理任务分发到每一个集群节点上。通过构建上述数字仿真系统，有利于智能配电网的优化规划和运行，由此提高智能配电网的利用效率和可靠性，减少了停电损失。

Description

配电网数字仿真系统 技术领域
本发明涉及电领域的配电网仿真技术，具体涉及一种基于分布式组件对象模式(DCOM，Distributed Component Object Model)的配电网数字仿真系统。
背景技术
配电网是处于电力系统的末端，在电力网中主要起电能分配作用的网络，具有地域分布广、电网规模大、设备种类多、网络连接多样、运行方式多变等鲜明特点。配电网络的结构庞大且复杂，网络结构由于故障或负荷转移操作中开关的开合而频繁发生变化。随着城镇化建设和用电需求的增长，配电网一直在不断改造和扩建，其规模也不断扩大，同时各种类型分布式电源的大量接入和自动化程度的不断提高导致其控制和分析变得日益复杂。
为了使配电网始终处于安全、可靠、优质、经济、高效的最优运行状态，提高配电系统电能质量，最大限度增加电网企业的经济效益，从而提升整个配电系统的管理水平和工作效率，配电网仿真已成为贯穿配电系统研究、规划和运行的一项重要工作。只有通过对配电网的深入仿真分析，才能使配电网规划和调度人员的预测更加准确，决策更加科学。
目前配电网的数字仿真系统较少，仿真更多停留在理论分析和培训仿真方面，缺乏对配电网的安全生产、经济运行起到指导作用；或作为高级应用与配电自动化、规划发策等系统深度耦合，功能单一不能全面覆盖整个配电网仿真体系，支持的模型匮乏，算法效率低且计算结果不精确无法反应现场实际状态，难以应对大规模复杂多变的配电网络，给现代配电网 的发展带来相当不利的影响。
因此设计并实现一种配电网仿真系统以提高配电网研究、设计和规划水平，保障配电网安全稳定运行尚无有效的解决方案。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种基于DCOM的配电网数字仿真系统，通过智能配电网数字仿真平台的分析计算，可以有效减少电网故障时非故障段线路的停电时间，整体提升电网的供电可靠性水平，避免高新技术工业、商业金融等重要行业因停电造成巨额的经济损失。
本发明实施例技术方案是这样实现的：
根据本发明的一方面，提供一种配电网数字仿真系统，包括：客户端和服务器端，
所述服务器端为仿真服务器组成的仿真服务器集群；所述客户端通过通信总线与所述仿真服务器集群相互连接；
所述服务器端配置为：在单位时间内离线运行信息，预估配电网状态并离线仿真所述单位时间的运行态势，获取各项运行指标，包括潮流分布、电压、无功和线损；
在单位时间内实时运行信息，预估配电网状态并在线仿真所述单位时间的运行态势，获取所述各项运行指标；
计算配电网短路电流；
根据配电网络结构和设备信息，计算配电网的可靠性水平、趋势仿真、预想事故仿真和可靠性仿真，获取故障可靠率、系统平均停电频率和停电持续时间；
计算无功补偿装置的电容器容量和位置；提供满足配电网负荷的接线方案；
实现图形数据和属性数据的统一维护。
优选的，所述客户端，配置为使用DCOM组件调用服务器端提供的仿真服务；所述服务器端，还配置为将待处理任务分发到仿真服务器集群的每一个节点上。
优选的，所述服务器端，包括数据层、封装层和服务层；其中，
所述数据层，配置为从仿真数据库和外部数据源中抽取仿真数据；
所述封装层，配置为将所述服务层的仿真模块封装为服务；
所述服务层，配置为为客户端提供统一调用所述封装层的仿真服务。
优选的，所述仿真服务器集群通过双数据总线分别与仿真数据库和外部数据源相连。
优选的，所述封装层包括：
拓扑模块，配置为将仿真数据载入仿真服务器集群共享内存；
内存计算模块，配置为调用内存数据库的DCOM组件计算内存；
接口模块，配置为传输XML格式数据；
通信解析模块，配置为解析所述客户端发来的XML文件；
数据过滤模块，配置为通过开放式仿真接口对接收到的数据进行筛选，过滤非法请求。
优选的，其中，所述服务层包括仿真模块；
所述仿真模块包括：
离线运行仿真单元，配置为在单位时间内离线运行信息，预估配电网状态并离线仿真所述单位的运行态势，获取各项运行指标，包括潮流分布、电压、无功和线损；
在线运行仿真单元，配置为在单位时间内实时运行信息，预估配电网状态并在线仿真所述单位的运行态势，获取所述各项运行指标；
故障仿真单元，配置为计算配电网短路电流；
可靠性仿真单元，配置为根据配电网络结构和设备信息，计算配电网 的可靠性水平和趋势仿真、预想事故仿真和N-K可靠性仿真，获取故障可靠率、系统平均停电频率和停电持续时间；
优化仿真单元，包括无功优化仿真子单元和选址定容仿真子单元；所述无功优化仿真子单元，配置为计算无功补偿装置的电容器容量和位置；所述选址定容仿真子单元，配置为提供满足配电网负荷的接线方案；
图模库维护单元，以实现图形数据和属性数据的统一维护。
优选的，所述所务层为所述为客户端提供统一调用所述封装层的仿真服务，通过以下方式实现：
从分布式集群中选取一台协调服务器，配置为响应客户端访问请求，维持待处理任务队列A＝{a1,a2,a3...}，并采用动态轮询法分配仿真任务；
读取数据库任务队列中的目标网络，进行统一拓扑并共享到每一台仿真服务器上；同时利用协调服务器对各个服务器持续监控，并不断更新；通过对每一台仿真服务器进行实时分析，将仿真任务分配到集群中；
若其中某个任务网络节点数量超过阈值：
则将网络规模复杂、节点多的仿真任务进行切割，分发至空闲仿真服务器，同时维持一个协调通信进程，整合各个节点的中间值，生成仿真结果；
否则仿真计算结束，返回仿真结果。
优选的，所述服务层还配置为通过以下方式采用动态轮询法分配仿真任务：
对N个仿真节点进行轮询，获取各节点实时性能和当前任务量，预估当前任务量时间为ti(i<N)；N为大于等于1的整数
计算所有节点的当前任务预估时间T＝{t1,t2,t3...}和性能系数
Figure PCTCN2016087819-appb-000001
获取待分配任务节点集合
Figure PCTCN2016087819-appb-000002
其中，fmin(S,m)为集合S中最小的m个数。
根据所述集合Re分配m个任务，更新待处理任务队列。
本发明实施例至少具有以下有益效果：
(1)提供配电网仿真系统分布式部署方式，包括对多用户不同功能的仿真请求实现并行计算和对大网络进行纵向任务切割实现分布式计算，平衡任务负载，共享网络拓扑数据，提高仿真系统的整体计算吞吐量和计算效率。
(2)提供一种面向服务的配电网仿真计算框架，利用统一的开放式仿真接口和协议实现仿真客户端的透明调用，使得各仿真功能之间实现松耦合，具有高扩展性和灵活性。
(3)提出基于大规模复杂配电网的仿真功能体系并开发完成配电网数字仿真系统，全面覆盖配电网研究、规划和运行过程中的各种仿真需求。
(4)通过智能配电网数字仿真平台的分析计算，可以有效减少电网故障时非故障段线路的停电时间，整体提升电网的供电可靠性水平，避免高新技术工业、商业金融等重要行业因停电造成巨额的经济损失；具有显著的经济与社会效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的配电网数字仿真系统分布式部署方式示意图；
图2为配电网数字仿真系统服务器端架构示意图；
图3为配电网数字仿真系统图模维护示意图；
图4为仿真系统服务器端数据流图；
图5为配电网数字仿真流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示，本发明实施例提供一种基于DCOM的配电网数字仿真系统，针对配电网研究、规划、运行等工作的仿真需求，同时考虑配 网本身设备类型多地区差异大，数据源多量测点缺失严重，网络规模大高维计算困难，网架频繁更新等特点，提出了全面覆盖当前配电网的数字仿真功能体系，使其可以应用于发策、规划设计、调度运检等多个部门；从而实现配电网运行仿真、故障仿真、可靠性仿真和优化仿真等仿真技术。包括：客户端和服务器端，所述服务器端为若干仿真服务器组成的仿真服务器集群；所述仿真服务器集群通过通信总线与客户端相互连接。
客户端，配置为使用DCOM组件调用服务器端提供的仿真服务；服务器端，配置为将待处理任务分发到每一个仿真服务器集群的节点上。基于DCOM的配电网数字仿真系统分布式集群部署方式，既可以将多用户不同功能的计算请求分布到仿真服务器集群上，增加仿真吞吐量，提高整个仿真服务器集群的灵活性和可用性。又可以针对大规模电网计算维数过高、计算量过大且求解效率偏低等问题，纵向切割配网网络，实现并行仿真计算。
如图2所示，服务器端，包括数据层、封装层和服务层；其中，所述数据层，配置为为封装层提供计算需要的基础数据，从仿真数据库和外部数据源中抽取仿真数据；实现配电网异构数据的融合与清洗；所述封装层，配置为将服务层的仿真模块封装为各种仿真服务；
所述服务层，配置为为客户端提供统一调用所述封装层的仿真服务，使用传输控制协议(TCP，Transmission Control Protocol)和操作系统底层应用程序接口(API，Application Programming Interface)实现不同主机间(也就是仿真服务器集群与客户端之间)程序的调用。
仿真服务器集群通过双数据总线分别与仿真数据库和外部数据源相连。
封装层包括：
拓扑服务(模块)，配置为将仿真数据库的仿真数据载入仿真服务器集 群共享内存；避免对仿真数据库的反复调用影响计算效率，通信解析程序负责解析客户端发来的可扩展标记语言(XML，Extensible Markup Language)文件，数据过滤功能基于开放式仿真接口对接收到的数据进行筛选，抛弃非法请求。
内存计算模块(图2中未示出)，配置为调用内存数据库(维护在内存中的数据库)的DCOM组件计算内存；计算方法包括潮流计算、故障计算、可靠计算和优化计算；从而提高内存数据库的运行速度。
接口模块，配置为传输XML格式数据；使得仿真系统客户端可以透明调用仿真算法，同时仿真系统服务器端可以通过服务的方式灵活地扩展功能。
通信解析(模块)，配置为解析客户端发来的XML文件；
数据过滤(模块)，配置为通过开放式仿真接口对接收到的数据(也就是XML文件)进行筛选，过滤非法请求。
服务层包括仿真模块；仿真模块通过服务松耦合定义，独立于实现服务的硬件平台、操作系统和编程语言，客户端只要采用预定义的接口和协议连接就可以透明的提交仿真请求并获得结果。通过服务器端统一的服务层，可灵活的横向/纵向扩展功能以适应不断升级的业务。
所述仿真模块包括：
离线运行仿真单元，配置为在单位时间内离线运行信息(也就是配置数据)，预估配电网状态并离线仿真该时间段(也就是前述的单位时间)的运行态势，获取各项运行指标，包括潮流分布、电压、无功和线损；
在线运行仿真单元，配置为在单位时间内实时运行信息，预估配电网状态并在线仿真该时间段(也就是前述的单位时间)的运行态势，获取所述各项运行指标；
离线运行仿真单元和在线运行仿真单元构成配电网运行仿真，它是是 潮流计算时电力系统最基本最常用的算法，根据系统给定的运行条件、网络接线及元件参数，通过潮流计算可以确定各母线的电压幅值和相角，各负荷的有功无功功率，整个系统的线损和其他运行指标。配电网运行仿真技术包括离线仿真和在线仿真，在线仿真从一区配电自动化系统、用电信息采集系统等数据源采集实时数据，对整个配网的运行状态进行实时分析。
故障仿真单元，配置为计算配电网短路电流；研究限制故障所造成的危害，缩小故障的影响范围；配电网复杂多变，直接在生产现场制造故障来采集数据不但容易造成一定的风险，而且相关的试验费用也比较高，所以一般禁止进行接地试验，导致很难获得大量故障原始数据总结常见故障类型发掘故障原因，为此在本发明实施例中通过建立模型通过数字仿真来进行故障分析。配电网数字仿真系统通过计算短路电流，模拟故障发生的全过程和事后造成的危害，获得相关数据，有效指导运检工作的进行。
现代配电网系统的发展扩张使得电力系统取得了很大的经济效益。但是，与此同时所带来的网架结构的复杂化，以及配电网中元件的故障率的升高，给电网安全正常运行带来了大量的随机性和不确定问题，这直接促进了配电网可靠性技术的研究和发展。配电网数字仿真系统基于配电网中元件和系统的可靠性参数，对系统的可靠性水平进行定量评估，包括系统的历史可靠性水平和在未来时间内的可靠性水平。由于分布式电源系统的接入使得配电网的结构和运行方式发生了很大的变化，加上分布式电源本身的运行方式与传统配电网元件有很大的不同，数字仿真系统考虑分布式电源接入后的配电网网络结构、电网及设备的故障/维修信息，计算配电网在不同运行环境和状态下的可靠性水平和趋势，给出故障可靠率、系统平均停电频率、停电持续时间等指标。
综上，通过可靠性仿真单元，用于根据配电网络结构和设备信息，包括配电网自动化系统、生产管理系统(PMS，Production  Management System)、用电信息采集系统、地理信息系统(GIS，Geographic Information System)等配电网数据源抽取设备台账数据、配电网网架信息、用采信息、负荷信息等，计算配电网的可靠性水平和趋势仿真、预想事故仿真和N-K可靠性仿真，获取故障可靠率、系统平均停电频率和停电持续时间；
优化仿真单元，实现在不同运行环境，不同运行状态下的分布式电源的选址定容仿真功能、含分布式电源的配电网无功配置仿真、电压无功优化仿真以及含分布式电源的配电系统运行优化仿真；其包括无功优化仿真子单元和选址定容仿真子单元；无功优化仿真子单元配置为计算无功补偿装置的电容器容量和位置；选址定容仿真子单元配置为提供满足配电网负荷的接线方案；
如图3所示，图模库维护单元，以实现图形数据和属性数据的统一维护，实现对图形、数据、台账三项需要维护的数据进行输入，分为数据维护、工程设置、编辑类设置、文件类设置、绘图、数据发布等功能。所有的地理图数据、图形数据和属性数据都是通过图资维护系统录入和维护的，这些数据包括站内接线图(包括变电站内和多回路内)，电气系统图，工况图数据，地理图数据，设备属性数据，设备型号表、开放系统的直连式存储(DAS，Direct-Attached Storage)运行用参数等。
如图4和图5所示，服务层为客户端提供统一调用所述封装层的仿真服务，包括下述步骤：
(1)从分布式集群中选取一台协调服务器，协调服务器配置为响应客户端访问请求，维持待处理任务队列A＝{a1,a2,a3...}，并采用动态轮询法分配仿真任务；
(2)读取仿真数据库任务队列中的目标网络，进行统一拓扑并共享到每一台仿真服务器上；同时利用协调服务器对各个服务器持续监控，并不 断更新；通过对每一台仿真服务器进行实时分析，将仿真任务分配到集群中；若其中某个任务网络节点数量超过阈值，则跳转至步骤(3)，否则跳转步骤(4)；
(3)将网络规模复杂、节点多的仿真任务进行切割，分发至空闲仿真服务器，同时维持一个协调通信进程，整合各个节点的中间值，生成仿真结果；对仿真任务分割还应该注意以下几点：
(1)各子网络独立计算，互不影响，避免串行执行。分解后避免大规模系统的高维算法求解，获取一定的计算效益；
(2)子网络间数据相对保密，只需要交换少量协调信息，尽可能避免大量通信导致网络阻塞。
(4)仿真计算结束，返回仿真结果。
所述步骤(1)采用动态轮询法分配仿真任务包括下述步骤：
a)对N个仿真节点进行轮询，获取各节点实时性能和当前任务量，预估当前任务量时间为ti(i<N)，N为大于等于1的整数。
b)计算所有节点的当前任务预估时间T＝{t1,t2,t3...}和性能系数
Figure PCTCN2016087819-appb-000003
获取待分配任务节点集合
Figure PCTCN2016087819-appb-000004
其中，fmin(S,m)为集合S中最小的m个数，m为大于等于1整数。
c)根据所述集合Re分配m个任务，更新待处理任务队列。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：本发明上述集成的单元如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机、服务器、或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括：移动存储设备、 RAM、ROM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种配电网数字仿真系统，包括：客户端和服务器端，其中，
    所述服务器端，包括由仿真服务器组成的仿真服务器集群；
    所述客户端，配置为通过通信总线与所述仿真服务器集群相互连接；
    所述服务器端配置为：在单位时间内离线运行信息，预估配电网状态并离线仿真所述单位时间的运行态势，获取各项运行指标，包括潮流分布、电压、无功和线损；
    在所述单位时间内实时运行信息，预估配电网状态并在线仿真所述单位时间的运行态势，获取所述各项运行指标；
    计算配电网短路电流；
    根据配电网络结构和设备信息，计算配电网的可靠性水平、趋势仿真、预想事故仿真和可靠性仿真，获取故障可靠率、系统平均停电频率和停电持续时间；
    计算无功补偿装置的电容器容量和位置；提供满足配电网负荷的接线方案；
    实现图形数据和属性数据的统一维护。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的配电网数字仿真系统，其中，
    所述客户端，还配置为使用分布式组件对象模型DCOM组件调用所述服务器端提供的仿真服务；
    所述服务器端，配置为将待处理任务分发到所述仿真服务器集群的每一个节点上。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的配电网数字仿真系统，其中，所述服务器端，包括数据层、封装层和服务层；其中，
    所述数据层，配置为从仿真数据库和外部数据源中抽取仿真数据；
    所述封装层，配置为将所述服务层的仿真模块封装为服务；
    所述服务层，配置为为所述客户端提供统一调用所述封装层的仿真服务。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一所述的配电网数字仿真系统，其中，所述仿真服务器集群通过双数据总线分别与仿真数据库和外部数据源相连。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的配电网数字仿真系统，其中，所述封装层包括：
    拓扑模块，配置为将仿真数据载入仿真服务器集群共享内存；
    内存计算模块，配置为调用内存数据库的DCOM组件计算内存；
    接口模块，配置为传输可扩展标记语言XML格式数据；
    通信解析模块，配置为解析所述客户端发来的XML文件；
    数据过滤模块，配置为通过开放式仿真接口对接收到的数据进行筛选，过滤非法请求。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的配电网数字仿真系统，其中，所述服务层包括仿真模块；
    所述仿真模块包括：
    离线运行仿真单元，配置为在单位时间内离线运行信息，预估配电网状态并离线仿真所述单位时间的运行态势，获取各项运行指标，包括潮流分布、电压、无功和线损；
    在线运行仿真单元，配置为在所述单位时间内实时运行信息，预估配电网状态并在线仿真所述单位时间的运行态势，获取所述各项运行指标；
    故障仿真单元，配置为计算配电网短路电流；
    可靠性仿真单元，配置为根据配电网络结构和设备信息，计算配电网的可靠性水平和趋势仿真、预想事故仿真和N-K可靠性仿真，获取故障可靠率、系统平均停电频率和停电持续时间；
    优化仿真单元，包括无功优化仿真子单元和选址定容仿真子单元；所述无功优化仿真子单元，配置为计算无功补偿装置的电容器容量和位置； 所述选址定容仿真子单元，配置为提供满足配电网负荷的接线方案；
    图模库维护单元，配置为实现图形数据和属性数据的统一维护。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的配电网数字仿真系统，其中，所述所务层还配置为：
    从分布式集群中选取一台协调服务器，配置为响应客户端访问请求，维持待处理任务队列，并采用动态轮询法分配仿真任务；
    读取数据库任务队列中的目标网络，进行统一拓扑并共享到每一台仿真服务器上；同时利用协调服务器对各个服务器持续监控，并不断更新；通过对每一台仿真服务器进行实时分析，将仿真任务分配到集群中；
    若其中某个任务网络节点数量超过阈值，
    则将网络规模复杂、节点多的仿真任务进行切割，分发至空闲仿真服务器，同时维持一个协调通信进程，整合各个节点的中间值，生成仿真结果；
    否则仿真计算结束，返回仿真结果。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的配电网数字仿真系统，其中，所述所务层还配置为：
    对N个仿真节点进行轮询，获取各节点实时性能和当前任务量，预估当前任务量时间为ti(i<N)，N为大于等于1的整数；
    算所有节点的当前任务预估时间T＝{t1,t2,t3...}和性能系数
    Figure PCTCN2016087819-appb-100001
    获取待分配任务节点集合
    Figure PCTCN2016087819-appb-100002
    其中，fmin(S,m)为集合S中最小的m个数，m为大于等于1整数；
    根据所述集合Re分配m个任务，更新待处理任务队列。
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