WO2017033138A1

WO2017033138A1 - Method for using household solid waste and converting it into a raw food material

Info

Publication number: WO2017033138A1
Application number: PCT/IB2016/055056
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gonzalo JIMENEZ VASQUEZ
Original assignee: Jimenez Vasquez Gonzalo
Priority date: 2015-08-25
Filing date: 2016-08-24
Publication date: 2017-03-02
Also published as: ECSP18023034A

Abstract

The general field of the invention is the processing of organic material in order to allow the reuse thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for processing and using household solid waste (HSW) in order to produce a raw food material, characterised in that it has the following steps: removing inorganic material from the HSW; cutting up the material obtained in the previous step; extraction of humidity by heat and compression of the material obtained in the previous step; and final drying of the material obtained in the previous step in order to produce the raw food material.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION

PROCESS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SOLID HOME RESIDUES AND CONVERT THEM IN FOOD RAW MATERIAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The general field of the invention is the processing of organic material in order to allow its reuse. More particularly, it relates to the processing of household solid waste in order to produce food raw material to produce concentrate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The inadequate management of organic solid waste has generated a negative impact, not only from the environmental point of view, but also, from the perspective of public health, due to its harmful effects on the quality of life of the communities. One type of organic waste, household solid waste (RSDs), typically has an organic fraction that approximates 70%. RSDs include plant and animal waste produced in homes, restaurants and market places, and include, for example, unprocessed food waste such as: potato, cassava, banana, tomato, onion, paprika, fruit and egg shells , as well as leftover prepared food, such as rice, bones, chicken, fish and meat. RSDs typically have an approximate humidity of 78% and a protein level of 16-18%.

The state of the art reveals different processes for processing RSDs, including composting, incineration and the use of landfills or landfills. Even when these processes are useful, they have known limitations from the point of view of cost-benefit, environment and public health.

There are also processes that aim to process organic waste products of agro-industrial processes (not RSDs) in such a way that a food raw material is achieved that allows to take advantage of the nutrients present in the waste. An example of such a process is disclosed in WO / 1994/000023, which illustrates a process for converting solid waste from vegetables, fruits and garden, into a concentrate for animal feed. In order to introduce a suitable protein level for the final product, the addition of fish waste to the organic residue prior to processing is taught. The disclosed process includes a process of slicing, compression and drying by heating, all to reach a food concentrate.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, there is a continuing need for processes that specifically allow RSDs to be processed and converted into reusable material, specifically food raw material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a process and machine that allows to process household solid waste (RSDs) and convert them in a safe and efficient way into food raw material. The invention takes advantage of the presence of animal and organic matter already present in the RSDs to obtain a food material rich in protein, reducing or eliminating the need to add additional protein material to the material during the process. The material obtained through the process serves as a raw material to produce, among other things, animal feed concentrate.

The inventive process includes the following stages: (i) removal of inorganic material from RSDs; (ii) chopped; (iii) moisture extraction by heat and compression and (iv) final drying. The food raw material thus obtained can be subsequently processed and suitable for obtaining food concentrate.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1: A schematic diagram of the steps of the inventive process is illustrated.

FIG. 2: An embodiment of the pressure and heat moisture extractor used during the inventive process is illustrated.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is a process and machine for carrying out a process that allows the correct use of household solid waste (RSDs) that today constitutes a worldwide problem because they are an important source of contamination.

For the purposes of this application, RSDs are plant and animal waste produced in homes, restaurants and market places, and include, by way of illustration, unprocessed food waste such as: potato peels, cassava, banana, tomato, onion , paprika, fruits and eggshells, as well as leftover prepared food, such as rice, bones, chicken, fish and meat. RSDs are essentially the organic material that would discard any of these sources and would be collected by a municipal waste service for further processing.

In order to illustrate the inventive process, a description of a preferred embodiment is given below, indicating the stages thereof:

Referring to FIG. 1, the inventive process has 4 stages. In step 100, the inorganic material is removed from the RSDs. In the step 200 the material resulting from the step 100 is chopped, in order to facilitate the treatment of the material in later stages. In step 300 a first moisture extraction of the material is carried out prior to final drying. Finally, in step 400 a final drying is carried out in order to achieve optimum humidity and the elimination of pathogens, while trying to reduce the thermal impact on the nutrients in the processed material. After the inventive process, the food raw material obtained can be treated and suitable by known methods to produce animal feed concentrate.

Below is a more detailed description of a mode of the inventive process:

Stage 100 - Removal of inorganic material from RSDs. On a conveyor belt with variable speed, between 0.5 to 1.5 m / second, and through a visual selection, elements such as plastics, cardboard and glass are removed. At the end of this conveyor belt, two electromagnets are located to capture and remove ferrous and non-ferrous materials and thus allow only organic material to enter the process.

Stage 200 - Chopping: using a chopper that uses horizontal blades, the material is divided into portions between 2.5 and 3.5 centimeters (distance from the maximum axis) so that they are more efficiently treated. This stage is performed to facilitate the following process in terms of energy consumption and temperature exposure time.

Stage 300 - First extraction of moisture by compression and heat: Referring to FIG. 2, by means of a conveyor belt (not illustrated), the chopped material 330 with an approximate humidity of 78% enters the pre-drying system 301 consisting of an auger screw 310 of helical propeller 305, inside a heating jacket 340 by means of steam produced by a boiler 315. The rotational movement of the screw is carried out by means of an electrically driven drive system, which is executed with a gearmotor 325 which in turn is moved by an electric motor 320. Together with the jacket 340 , screw 310 compresses and drags the material at a speed of 50 rpm, exerting a pressure of between 3 and 5 bar, at a temperature of approximately 80 ° C. This stage is characterized by the decrease of the humidity of the material, thus producing the displacement of moisture mainly by dragging to extract up to 40% of water. The screw 310 is made of carbon steel with a diameter of 1.5 cm smaller than that of the jacket 340, to avoid rubbing with the walls of the same when the screw 310 rotates. Due to the characteristics of the material, it is preferable that the propeller 305 is of small pitch, inclined 30% and having a distance between propellers of 18 cm, in order to extract more moisture.

Jacket 340 is hermetic due to sanitary needs, and is made of stainless steel because the material is highly abrasive.

The moisture extraction is carried out through the lower part of the system 301 by means of a cuvette for the collection of liquids (not illustrated), whose outlet is tightly connected to a container, being possible the existence of several discharge points , to a treatment tank (not shown). The pre-dried material 360 is discharged onto a conveyor belt 350 that transports it to the next stage.

Stage 400 - Final drying: by means of the conveyor belt 350, the organic material is deposited in a feed hopper and enters a fluidized bed dehydrating equipment, where the material is sanitized and dehydrated. The fluidized bed dehydrator that was used was one similar to an industrial equipment with the reference DS-2 Sandherz (see http://www.sandherz.com/producto/deshidratador-de- fluidized bed /). This equipment has the ability to dry the product in a reduced period of time that combines two simultaneous processes: grind and dehydrate the material. The material enters this stage with an approximate humidity of 38%, and is received by vanes that continue grinding the material, decreasing the size to a diameter of between 2 and 4 mm. Then, the material is exposed to a stream of air at high temperature and low pressure, generated by an exhaust fan located on a cyclone. The hot air makes contact with the material inside an agitator, with a fluidized bed depth of 20 cm, whose function is to keep the material in suspension while being subjected to the effect of the hot air stream. The hot air has a temperature between 120 and 140 ° C, the exposure time is between 10 to 25 seconds, the approximate air speed is 2.2 m / s, with a pressure of 7.5 kg / cm. Finally, by gravity selection, the dehydrator allows the flour and fiber to be separated from the material.

At this stage of the process it removes approximately 26% moisture and pollutants. It is sought that the final humidity is between 10 and 12%, and at the same time prevent the protein from becoming too denatured, that the amino acids are better digestible and that the nutrients contain higher nutritional values. Normally the food raw material obtained has a weight of between 20 and 30% of the equivalent weight of the RSD necessary to produce it.

After the process, additional steps can be carried out to convert the food raw material resulting from the inventive process into a food concentrate. For example, a mixing and homogenization process can be applied. According to the result of a bromatological analysis, the person versed in the art knows what percentages of elements must be added to formulate a concentrate according to the need of production that is had, either for initiation, lifting or priming of animal species . Subsequently, the concentrate can also be pelletized according to the characteristics that the final product must meet and according to the different techniques widely known in the state of the art.

EXAMPLE 1

Tests were conducted in a city in Colombia at an ambient temperature of 31 degrees Celsius. RSD from banana, cassava, tomato, cob, flowers, paprika, potato, bean, orange, papaya, banana, guava, meat material (including chicken, meat and fish residues) was used, characterized as follows:

Characteristic figure

Humidity 78%

Ashes 4.04

2.6 nitrogen

Carbon 37.2

8.6 protein

Fat 3.2

Carbohydrates 7.3

Phosphorus 2.5

Potassium 1.0

Sodium 2.7 Calcium 7.0

PH 6.5

Applied the process described above, a food raw material was obtained with the following characterization:

9.8 protein

Humidity 12%

Fat 2,3

14.1 fiber

Ashes 12.6 The above modality and example constitute a particular description that allows a person moderately versed in the art to reproduce the invention. However, it is evident that the person moderately versed in the art can make variations without departing from the essential concept of the invention, which is defined according to the following claims:

Claims

1. A procedure to process and take advantage of household solid waste (RSDs) to obtain a food raw material, characterized by having the following stages:

removal of inorganic material from RSDs;

chopping of the material obtained in the previous stage;

heat moisture extraction and compression of the material obtained in the previous stage; Y,

final drying of the material obtained in the previous stage to obtain the food raw material.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the RSDs are characterized by having a humidity of between 70-90% humidity and a protein level of 7% to 20%.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RSDs are characterized by containing meat material.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the meat material includes remains selected from the group of chicken, meat, fish and bones.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat and compression moisture extraction step is carried out using a pre-drying system consisting of a worm screw with a heating jacket.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the final drying of the material is carried out using a fluidized bed dehydrator.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the material is subjected to a stream of air at a temperature between 120 and 140 ° C.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the processed material is subjected to the air stream for a time of between 10 to 25 seconds at a speed of between 1.8 and 2.5 m / s.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the food raw material obtained has a weight of between 20 and 30% of the equivalent weight of the RSD necessary to produce it.