WO2017028926A1 - Novel annelated benzamides - Google Patents

Novel annelated benzamides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017028926A1
WO2017028926A1 PCT/EP2015/069151 EP2015069151W WO2017028926A1 WO 2017028926 A1 WO2017028926 A1 WO 2017028926A1 EP 2015069151 W EP2015069151 W EP 2015069151W WO 2017028926 A1 WO2017028926 A1 WO 2017028926A1
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Prior art keywords
acid
pharmaceutically acceptable
compounds
alkyl
acceptable salt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/069151
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Armin Heckel
Sara Frattini
Dieter Hamprecht
Joerg Kley
Dieter Wiedenmayer
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Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BR112018002115A priority Critical patent/BR112018002115A2/en
Application filed by Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh filed Critical Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh
Priority to EA201890532A priority patent/EA201890532A1/en
Priority to CN201580083607.3A priority patent/CN108135897B/en
Priority to JP2018509525A priority patent/JP6574053B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2015/069151 priority patent/WO2017028926A1/en
Priority to MX2018002006A priority patent/MX2018002006A/en
Priority to EP15751027.2A priority patent/EP3337483B1/en
Priority to CA2995881A priority patent/CA2995881A1/en
Priority to KR1020187007951A priority patent/KR20180040699A/en
Priority to AU2015406099A priority patent/AU2015406099A1/en
Publication of WO2017028926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017028926A1/en
Priority to IL257135A priority patent/IL257135A/en
Priority to PH12018500377A priority patent/PH12018500377A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
    • A61K31/497—Non-condensed pyrazines containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/02—Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/04—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system for throat disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/08—Bronchodilators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
    • C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom

Definitions

  • the resent invention relates to compounds of formula (I)
  • R 1 , R 2 , and Z have one of the meanings as indicated in the specification or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the use of compounds of formula (I) as a
  • medicament to pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as well as to medicament combinations containing one or more compounds of formula (I).
  • WO2011079087, WO2015007516, WO2015007519, and WO2015007517 disclose amides of 3,5-diamino-6-halo-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid of related structure showing ENaC (Epithelial Sodium Channel) inhibitor activity.
  • Venanzi teaches that the amino group in position 5 of the pyrazine moiety of amiloride and its analogs is essential for the stability of the blocking complex with ENaC (Venanzi et al, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1992, Vol. 35 (9), 1643-1649).
  • the problem of the present invention is to provide further compounds for therapeutic use for the treatment of pathophysiological processes treatable by the blockade of an epithelial sodium channel, particularly for the treatment of the lungs and airways.
  • Such compounds should be potent inhibitors of ENaC. Suitable IC 50 values determined in the Ussing Chamber assay are typically below 30 nM. Aditionally, such compounds should exhibit a low permeability which is beneficial for topical lung treatment. Suitable permeability values determined in the CALU-3 cells assay are typically below 6 x 10 ⁇ 7 cm/s.
  • Such compounds should have high solubility in aqueous media which is beneficial for administration by inhalation of an aqueous solution.
  • Suitable solubility values in aqueous buffer with a physiologically acceptable pH value are 2% or higher.
  • such compounds should have high hydrolytic stability in aqueous media which is beneficial for administration by inhalation of an aqueous solution.
  • Topical lung administration of pharmacologically active doses of the compounds of the present invention should not or only to a low extent increase plasma aldosterone levels.
  • the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I),
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C 6 -alkyl, wherein said Ci-C 6 -alkyl may carry 1 to 5 substituents selected from hydroxyl, amino, Ci-C 4 -alkylamino, di- Ci-C 4 -alkylamino, morpholin-4-yl and dimethylphosphinoylmethoxy, provided that at least one of R 1 and R 2 is different from hydrogen, unsubstituted Ci-C 6 -alkyl and Ci-C 6 - alkyl carrying 1 hydroxyl substituent; or R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1 ,4-diazepane, wherein the heterocyclic moiety may carry 1 or 2 substituents selected from Ci-C4-alkyl, dimethylphosphinoyl-Ci-C4-alkyl and NR a R b , wherein R a and R b
  • Z " is selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, hydroxide, hydrogensulfate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, fumarate, citrate, tartrate, oxalate, succinate, mandelate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the compounds of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as defined herein are particularly suitable for the treatment of pathophysiological processes treatable by the blockade of an epithelial sodium channel, particularly for the treatment of the lungs and airways.
  • the present invention further relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use as a medicament.
  • the present invention further relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use in the treatment of a disease selected from among respiratory diseases or complaints and allergic diseases of the airways.
  • the present invention further relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use in the treatment of a disease selected from among chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchitis caused by bacterial or viral infection or fungi or helminths, allergic bronchitis, toxic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD), asthma (intrinsic or allergic), pediatric asthma, bronchiectasis, allergic alveolitis, allergic or non- allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, cystic fibrosis or mucoviscidosis, alpha- 1 -antitrypsin deficiency, cough, pulmonary emphysema, interstitial lung diseases, alveolitis, hyperreactive airways, nasal polyps, pulmonary oedema, pneumonitis of different origins, and dry eyes.
  • a disease selected from among chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis,
  • the present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention further relates to medicament combinations containing besides one or more compounds of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as further active substance one or more compounds selected from among the categories of further ENaC inhibitors, betamimetics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, LTD4- antagonists, EGFR- inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HI antihistamines, PAF-antagonists, MAP- kinase inhibitors, MPR4-Inhibitors, iNOS -Inhibitors, SYK-Inhibitors, corrections of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and CFTR potentiators or double or triple
  • Ci_6-alkyl means an alkyl group or radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • radical attachment point(s) to the molecule from the free valences of the group itself.
  • the terminal term indicates the radical attachment point, for example, the substituent "aryl-Ci_3-alkyl” means an aryl group which is bound to a Ci_3-alkyl-group, the latter of which is bound to the core or to the group to which the substituent is attached.
  • substituted means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valence is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
  • prevention means the management and care of an individual at risk of developing the disease prior to the clinical onset of the disease.
  • the purpose of prevention is to combat the development of the disease, condition or disorder, and includes the administration of the active compounds to prevent or delay the onset of the symptoms or complications and to prevent or delay the development of related diseases, conditions or disorders. Success of said preventive treatment is reflected statistically by reduced incidence of said condition within a patient population at risk for this condition in comparison to an equivalent patient population without preventive treatment.
  • treatment means therapeutic treatment of patients having already developed one or more of said conditions in manifest, acute or chronic form, including symptomatic treatment in order to relieve symptoms of the specific indication or causal treatment in order to reverse or partially reverse the condition or to delay the progression of the indication as far as this may be possible, depending on the condition and the severity thereof.
  • treatment of a disease means the management and care of a patient having developed the disease, condition or disorder.
  • the purpose of treatment is to combat the disease, condition or disorder.
  • Treatment includes the administration of the active compounds to elimi- nate or control the disease, condition or disorder as well as to alleviate the symptoms or complications associated with the disease, condition or disorder.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
  • examples of pharmacologically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
  • such salts include salts from ammonia, L-arginine, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, calcium hydroxide, choline, deanol, diethanolamine (2,2'- iminobis(ethanol)), diethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)-ethanol, 2-aminoethanol, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl-glucamine, hydrabamine, lH-imidazole, lysine, magnesium hydroxide, 4-(2- hydroxyethyl)-morpholine, piperazine, potassium hydroxide, l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine (2,2',2"-nitrilotris(ethanol)), tromethamine, zinc hydroxide, acetic acid, 2.2-dichloro-acetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, L-aspartic acid, ben- zene
  • salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like, (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Berge, S.M. et al, J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1-19).
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a cationic group and optionally an additional basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
  • such salts can be prepared by reacting other salt forms of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.
  • counterions can generally be exchanged by ion exchange chromatography.
  • Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention e.g. trifluoro acetate salts
  • Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention also comprise a part of the invention.
  • Ci_ n -alkyl wherein n is an integer from 1 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes an acyclic, saturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon radical with 1 to n C atoms.
  • Ci_4-alkyl as used herein, embraces the radicals H 3 C-, H 3 C-CH 2 -, H3C-CH2-CH2-, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-, H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-,
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, isobutyl, 2-amino ethyl, 3 -amino propyl, 2-(methylamino)ethyl, 2- (dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(methylamino)propyl, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(morpholin-4- yl)ethyl, 2-(dimethylphosphinoylmethoxy)ethyl and 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhex-l-yl.
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a moiety selected from
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is selected from Ci- C 6 -alkyl, wherein Ci-C 6 -alkyl carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from amino, Ci-C4-alkylamino, di-Ci-C4-alkylamino and morpholin-4-yl.
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1,4- diazepane, wherein piperidine carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from NR a R b , wherein R a and R b are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl and -C(0)CH 2 NR c R d , wherein R c and R d are independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C4-alkyl, and wherein piperazine or 1,4- diazepane carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from Ci-C4-alkyl, dimethylphosphinoyl-Ci-C4- alkyl and
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is Ci-C 6 -alkyl, wherein Ci-C6-alkyl carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from di-Ci-C4-alkylamino and morpho- lin-4-yl.
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1,4- diazepane, wherein piperidine carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from NR a R b , wherein R a and R b are independently selected from Ci-C4-alkyl and -C(0)CH 2 NR c R d , wherein R c and R d are inde- pendently selected from Ci-C 4 -alkyl, and wherein piperazine or 1 ,4-diazepane carries a nitrogen bound substituent selected from Ci-C 4 -alkyl, and dimethylphosphinoyl-Ci-C 4 -alkyl.
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is selected from C 2 - C 6 -alkyl, wherein C 2 -C 6 -alkyl carries a dimethylphosphinoylmethoxy substituent.
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1,4- diazepane, wherein the heterocyclic moiety carries a dimethylphosphinoyl-Ci-C4-alkyl substituent.
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Z " is selected from chloride and trifluoroace- tate.
  • Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, selected from
  • topological polar surface area value refers to a value calculated as disclosed for the fragment based PSA in Ertl P. et al, J. Med. Chem, 43 (2000), 3714-3717.
  • Suitable compounds of formula (I) will usually have a TPSA value in the range of from 150 to 250.
  • Such compounds are in particular compounds selected from
  • the compounds according to the invention may be obtained using methods of synthesis which are known to the one skilled in the art and described in the literature of organic synthesis. Gen- eral methods for functional groups protection and deprotection steps are described e.g. in:
  • Amines (II) can be prepared using methods of synthesis which are known to one skilled in the art and described in the literature of organic synthesis.
  • the scope of the substituents R 1 and R 2 of amines (II) may exceed what is claimed for compounds of general formula (I).
  • R 1 and R 2 in compounds (II) may e.g. carry protecting groups necessary or advantageous in the amidation step.
  • R 1 and R 2 can be modified in subsequent synthetic steps through e.g. deprotection and/or amidation reactions.
  • Compounds of formula (I), as defined hereinbefore, are salts containing an anion Z " .
  • These anions Z " may be derived from synthesis or purification or changed from one anionic species to another suitable anionic species by methods known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such methods are ion exchange using for example ion exchange resins or displacement of an acid counterion from its salt using another, usually stronger, acid.
  • treatment of a compound of formula (I), as defined hereinbefore, where Z " is CF 3 COO " with HCl in a suitable solvent, such as water, methanol or diethyl ether, may produce a compound of formula 1 , as defined hereinbefore, where Z " is CI " .
  • Certain compounds of formula (I), as defined hereinbefore, may contain groups that may be further converted into the salts thereof, for pharmaceutical use particularly into pharmaceutically acceptable salts with inorganic or organic acids and bases.
  • Acids which may be used for this purpose include for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, methanesul- phonic acid, phosphoric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or maleic acid.
  • Corresponding processes are known to the skilled person.
  • the compounds of general formula (I) or intermediates in the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I) may be obtained as mixtures and then resolved into their stereoisomers, e.g. enantiomers and/or diastereomers.
  • stereoisomers e.g. enantiomers and/or diastereomers.
  • cis/trans mixtures may be resolved into their cis and trans isomers, and racemic compounds may be separated into their enantiomers.
  • the cis/trans mixtures may be resolved by chromatography into the cis and trans isomers thereof.
  • the compounds of general formula (I) or intermediates in the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I), which occur as racemates may be separated by methods known per se (cf. Allinger N. L. and Eliel E. L. in "Topics in Stereochemistry", Vol. 6, Wiley Interscience, 1971) into their optical antipodes and compounds of general formula (I) or intermediates in the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I) with at least 2 asymmetric carbon atoms may be resolved into their diastereomers on the basis of their physical-chemical differences using methods known per se, e.g. by chromatography and/or fractional crystallisation, and, if these compounds are obtained in racemic form, they may subsequently be resolved into the enantiomers as mentioned above.
  • racemates are preferably resolved by column chromatography on chiral phases or by crystallization from an optically active solvent or by reacting with an optically active substance which forms salts or derivatives such as esters or amides with the racemic compound.
  • Salts may be formed with enantiomerically pure acids for basic compounds and with enantiomerically pure bases for acidic compounds.
  • Diastereomeric derivatives are formed with enantiomerically pure auxiliary compounds, e.g. acids, their activated derivatives, or alcohols. Separation of the diastereomeric mixture of salts or derivatives thus obtained may be achieved by taking advantage of their different physico-chemical properties, e.g.
  • Optically active acids in common use for such a purpose are e.g. the D- and L-forms of tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, ditoloyltartaric acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or quinic acid.
  • Optically active alcohols applicable as auxiliary residues may be, for example, (+) or (-)-menthol and optically active acyl groups in amides may be, for example, (+)- or (-)-menthyloxycarbonyl.
  • the substances according to the invention are isolated and purified in a manner known per se, for example by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure and recrystallizing the residue obtained from a suitable solvent or subjecting it to one of the customary purification methods, such as, for example, column chromatography on a suitable support material.
  • the compound may exist as a free base or a salt or a zwitterion, depending on the chemical structure, the synthesis conditions and the processes of workup and purification applied.
  • the skilled person will appreciate that the compound is not limited to a certain salt form.
  • the stoichiometry of the counterion is usually omitted.
  • the resulting salt form is uncharged, leading to the corresponding stoichiometry.
  • the compound is not limited to the mono salt form and that it may exist as a disalt, trisalt or other compound : counterion stoichiometries.
  • step 1 The intermediate obtained from step 1 is stirred in DCM/TFA (3: 1) at r.t. for lh, then evaporated.
  • Step 3 The intermediate obtained from step 2 is taken up in methanolic HCl and evaporated to dryness.
  • HPLC retention times given are measured under the following parameters.
  • Permeability measurements across polarized, confluent CALU-3 cell monolayers grown on permeable filter supports are used to provide information on the potential of a compound to pass the lung epithelium.
  • Apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of the compounds across the CALU- 3 cell monolayers are measured (pH 7.4, 37°C) in apical-to-basal (AB) and basal-to-apical (BA) transport direction.
  • AB permeability represents drug absorption from the lung lumen into the blood and BA permeability (Papp, BA) drug transport from the blood into the lung lumen mainly via passive permeability since Calu-3 cells as well as lung epithelial cells do not express efflux transporters like P-gp, while uptake transporters may be expressed.
  • CALU-3 cells (1-2 x 10 5 cells/1 cm 2 area) are seeded on filter inserts (Costar transwell polycarbonate filters, 0.4 ⁇ pore size) and cultured (for 10 - 12 days DMEM) until tight monolayers are formed. Compounds of interest are dissolved in appropriate solvent (DMSO, 10 mM stock solution).
  • the transport solution (TL) is applied to the apical or basolateral donor side for measuring A-B or B-A permeability (3 filter replicates), respectively.
  • the receiver side contains the same buffer as the donor side.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are characterized by their wide range of applications in the therapeutic field. Particular mention should be made of those applications for which the compounds according to the invention of formula (I) are preferably suited on account of their pharmaceutical efficacy as ENaC inhibitors. Examples include respiratory diseases or complaints, allergic diseases of the airways, or dry eyes.
  • the present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive diseas- es of the upper and lower respiratory tract including the lungs, such as for example allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis and asthma.
  • inflammatory or obstructive diseas- es of the upper and lower respiratory tract including the lungs such as for example allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis and asthma.
  • the compounds of formula (I) for the treatment of inflammatory and obstructive diseases such as COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, particularly COPD, chronic bronchitis, asthma and cystic fibrosis.
  • the actual pharmaceutically effective amount or therapeutic dosage will of course depend on factors known by those skilled in the art such as age and weight of the patient, route of administration and severity of disease. In any case the combination will be administered at dosages and in a manner which allows a pharmaceutically effective amount to be delivered based upon patient's unique condition.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be used on their own or in conjunction with other active substances of formula (I) according to the invention. If desired the compounds of formula (I) may also be used in combination with other pharmacologically active substances.
  • the invention further relates to medicament combinations which preferably contain, besides one or more compounds of formula (I) or a salt thereof, as further active substances, one or more compounds selected from among the categories of further ENaC inhibitors, betamimet- ics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, LTD4-antagonists, EGFR-inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HI -antihistamines, PAF-antagonists, MAP -kinase inhibitors, MPR4-Inhibitors, iNOS -Inhibitors, SYK-Inhibitors, corrections of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and CFTR potentiators, or double or triple combinations thereof.
  • ENaC inhibitors e.g., betamimet- ics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids
  • PDE4-inhibitors LTD4-antagonists
  • EGFR-inhibitors dopamine
  • Suitable forms for administration are for example inhalable powders or aerosols.
  • the content of the pharmaceutically effective compound(s) in each case should be in the range from 0.2 to 50 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 25 wt% of the total composition, i.e. in amounts which are sufficient to achieve the dosage range specified hereinafter.
  • the active substance combination may be given as a powder, as an aqueous or aqueous-ethanolic solution or using a propellant gas formulation.
  • pharmaceutical formulations are characterised in that they contain one or more compounds of formula (I) according to the preferred embodiments above.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are administered by inhalation, particularly preferably if they are administered once or twice a day.
  • the compounds of formula (I) have to be made available in forms suitable for inhalation.
  • Inhalable preparations include inhalable powders, propellant-containing metered-dose aerosols or propellant-free inhalable solutions, which are optionally present in admixture with conventional physiologically acceptable excipients.
  • propellant-free inhalable solutions also include concentrates or sterile ready-to-use inhalable solutions.
  • the preparations which may be used according to the invention are described in more detail in the next part of the specification.
  • physiologically acceptable excipients may be used to prepare the inhalable powders according to the invention: monosaccharides (e.g. glucose or arabinose), disaccharides (e.g. lactose, saccharose, maltose), oligo- and polysaccharides (e.g. dextran), polyalcohols (e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol), salts (e.g. sodium chloride, calcium carbonate) or mixtures of these excipients with one another.
  • monosaccharides e.g. glucose or arabinose
  • disaccharides e.g. lactose, saccharose, maltose
  • oligo- and polysaccharides e.g. dextran
  • polyalcohols e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol
  • salts e.g. sodium chloride, calcium carbonate
  • lactose is the particularly preferred excipient, while lactose monohydrate is most particularly preferred.
  • the propellant-containing inhalable aerosols which may be used according to the invention may contain a compound of formula (I) dissolved in the propellant gas or in dispersed form.
  • the propellant gases which may be used to prepare the inhalation aerosols according to the invention are known from the prior art. Suitable propellant gases are selected from among hydrocarbons such as n-propane, n-butane or isobutane and halohydrocarbons such as preferably fluorinated derivatives of methane, ethane, propane, butane, cyclopropane or eye lo butane.
  • the propellant gases mentioned above may be used on their own or in mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred propellant gases are fluorinated alkane derivatives selected from TGI 34a
  • propellant-driven inhalation aerosols used within the scope of the use according to the invention may also contain other ingredients such as co-solvents, stabilisers, surfactants, antioxidants, lubricants and pH adjusters. All these ingredients are known in the art.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are preferably used to prepare propellant-free inhalable solutions and inhalable suspensions.
  • Solvents used for this purpose include aqueous or alcoholic, preferably ethanolic solutions.
  • the solvent may be water on its own or a mixture of water and ethanol.
  • the solutions or suspensions are adjusted to a pH of 3 to 7 using suitable acids.
  • the pH may be adjusted using acids selected from inorganic or organic acids. Examples of particularly suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.
  • organic acids examples include ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and/or propionic acid etc.
  • Preferred inorganic acids are hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. It is also possible to use the acids which have already formed an acid addition salt with one of the active substances.
  • ascorbic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid are preferred.
  • mixtures of the above acids may also be used, particularly in the case of acids which have other properties in addition to their acidifying qualities, e.g. as flavourings, antioxidants or complexing agents, such as citric acid or ascorbic acid, for example.
  • hydrochloric acid it is particularly preferred to use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH.
  • Co-solvents and/or other excipients may be added to the propellant-free inhalable solutions used for the purpose according to the invention.
  • Preferred co-solvents are those which contain hy- droxyl groups or other polar groups, e.g. alcohols - particularly isopropyl alcohol, glycols - particularly propyleneglycol, poly ethylenegly col, polypropyleneglycol, glycolether, glycerol, poly- oxyethylene alcohols and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters.
  • excipients and additives in this context denote any pharmacologically acceptable substance which is not an active sub- stance but which can be formulated with the active substance or substances in the pharmacologically suitable solvent in order to improve the qualitative properties of the active substance formulation.
  • these substances Preferably, these substances have no pharmacological effect or, in connection with the desired therapy, no appreciable or at least no undesirable pharmacological effect.
  • the excipients and additives include, for example, surfactants such as soya lecithin, oleic acid, sorbitan esters, such as polysorbates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, other stabilisers, complexing agents, antioxidants and/or preservatives which guarantee or prolong the shelf life of the finished pharmaceutical formulation, flavourings, vitamins and/or other additives known in the art.
  • the additives also include pharmacologically acceptable salts such as sodium chloride as isotonic agents.
  • the preferred excipients include antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, for example, provided that it has not already been used to adjust the pH, vitamin A, vitamin E, tocopherols and similar vitamins or provitamins occurring in the human body.
  • Preservatives may be used to protect the formulation from contamination with pathogens. Suitable preservatives are those which are known in the art, particularly cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride or benzoic acid or benzoates such as sodium benzoate in the concentration known from the prior art.
  • ready-to-use packs of a medicament for the treatment of respiratory complaints are provided, containing an enclosed description including for example the words respiratory disease, COPD or asthma, a compound according to the invention and one or more combination partners selected from those described above.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to compouns of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, and Z- have one of the meanings as indicated in the specification or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the use of compounds of formula (I) as a medicament, to pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as well as to medicament combinations containing one or more compounds of formula (I).

Description

NOVEL ANNELATED BENZ AMIDES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The resent invention relates to compounds of formula (I)
Figure imgf000002_0001
wherein R1, R2, and Z" have one of the meanings as indicated in the specification or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the use of compounds of formula (I) as a
medicament, to pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as well as to medicament combinations containing one or more compounds of formula (I).
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
WO2011079087, WO2015007516, WO2015007519, and WO2015007517 disclose amides of 3,5-diamino-6-halo-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid of related structure showing ENaC (Epithelial Sodium Channel) inhibitor activity.
Venanzi teaches that the amino group in position 5 of the pyrazine moiety of amiloride and its analogs is essential for the stability of the blocking complex with ENaC (Venanzi et al, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1992, Vol. 35 (9), 1643-1649).
The problem of the present invention is to provide further compounds for therapeutic use for the treatment of pathophysiological processes treatable by the blockade of an epithelial sodium channel, particularly for the treatment of the lungs and airways.
Such compounds should be potent inhibitors of ENaC. Suitable IC50 values determined in the Ussing Chamber assay are typically below 30 nM. Aditionally, such compounds should exhibit a low permeability which is beneficial for topical lung treatment. Suitable permeability values determined in the CALU-3 cells assay are typically below 6 x 10~7 cm/s.
Aditionally, such compounds should have high solubility in aqueous media which is beneficial for administration by inhalation of an aqueous solution. Suitable solubility values in aqueous buffer with a physiologically acceptable pH value are 2% or higher.
Aditionally, such compounds should have high hydrolytic stability in aqueous media which is beneficial for administration by inhalation of an aqueous solution.
Aditionally, such compounds should inhibit in vivo water resorption in the lung upon topical administration. Topical lung administration of pharmacologically active doses of the compounds of the present invention should not or only to a low extent increase plasma aldosterone levels.
Surprisingly, it has been found that the claimed 3-amino-6-chloro-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives which do not possess an amino group in position 5 of the pyrazine moiety are potent ENaC inhibitors and further possess the additional characteristics outlined above.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I),
Figure imgf000003_0001
wherein
R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C6-alkyl, wherein said Ci-C6-alkyl may carry 1 to 5 substituents selected from hydroxyl, amino, Ci-C4-alkylamino, di- Ci-C4-alkylamino, morpholin-4-yl and dimethylphosphinoylmethoxy, provided that at least one of R1 and R2 is different from hydrogen, unsubstituted Ci-C6-alkyl and Ci-C6- alkyl carrying 1 hydroxyl substituent; or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1 ,4-diazepane, wherein the heterocyclic moiety may carry 1 or 2 substituents selected from Ci-C4-alkyl, dimethylphosphinoyl-Ci-C4-alkyl and NRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl and -C(0)CH2NRcRd, wherein Rc and Rd are independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C4-alkyl; and
Z" is selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, hydroxide, hydrogensulfate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, fumarate, citrate, tartrate, oxalate, succinate, mandelate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
The compounds of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as defined herein are particularly suitable for the treatment of pathophysiological processes treatable by the blockade of an epithelial sodium channel, particularly for the treatment of the lungs and airways.
Accordingly the present invention further relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use as a medicament.
The present invention further relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use in the treatment of a disease selected from among respiratory diseases or complaints and allergic diseases of the airways.
The present invention further relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use in the treatment of a disease selected from among chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchitis caused by bacterial or viral infection or fungi or helminths, allergic bronchitis, toxic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD), asthma (intrinsic or allergic), pediatric asthma, bronchiectasis, allergic alveolitis, allergic or non- allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, cystic fibrosis or mucoviscidosis, alpha- 1 -antitrypsin deficiency, cough, pulmonary emphysema, interstitial lung diseases, alveolitis, hyperreactive airways, nasal polyps, pulmonary oedema, pneumonitis of different origins, and dry eyes.
The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention further relates to medicament combinations containing besides one or more compounds of formula (I) as defined herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as further active substance one or more compounds selected from among the categories of further ENaC inhibitors, betamimetics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, LTD4- antagonists, EGFR- inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HI antihistamines, PAF-antagonists, MAP- kinase inhibitors, MPR4-Inhibitors, iNOS -Inhibitors, SYK-Inhibitors, corrections of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and CFTR potentiators or double or triple
combinations thereof.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Terms not specifically defined herein should be given the meanings that would be given to them by one of skill in the art in light of the disclosure and the context. As used in the specification, however, unless specified to the contrary, the following terms have the meaning indicated and the following conventions are adhered to.
In the groups, radicals, or moieties defined below, the number of carbon atoms is often specified preceding the group, for example, Ci_6-alkyl means an alkyl group or radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In general in single groups like HO, H2N, OS, 02S, NC (cyano), HOOC, F3C or the like, the skilled artisan can see the radical attachment point(s) to the molecule from the free valences of the group itself. For combined groups comprising two or more subgroups, the terminal term indicates the radical attachment point, for example, the substituent "aryl-Ci_3-alkyl" means an aryl group which is bound to a Ci_3-alkyl-group, the latter of which is bound to the core or to the group to which the substituent is attached.
If a compound of the present invention is depicted in form of a chemical name and as a formula in case of any discrepancy the formula shall prevail.
Many of the following terms may be used repeatedly in the definition of a formula or group and in each case have one of the meanings given above, independently of one another. Unless specifically indicated, according to the invention a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g. enantiomers, diastere- omers, E/Z isomers etc.) and racemates thereof as well as mixtures in different proportions of the separate enantiomers, mixtures of diastereomers, or mixtures of any of the foregoing forms where such isomers and enantiomers exist, as well as salts, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and solvates thereof such as for instance hydrates including solvates of the free compounds or solvates of a salt of the compound.
The term "substituted" as used herein, means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valence is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
The expressions "prevention", "prophylaxis", "prophylactic treatment" or "preventive treatment" used herein should be understood synonymous and in the sense that the risk to develop a condition mentioned hereinbefore is reduced, especially in a patient having elevated risk for said conditions or a corresponding anamnesis, e.g. elevated risk of developing metabolic disorder such as diabetes or obesity or another disorder mentioned herein. Thus the expression "prevention of a disease" as used herein means the management and care of an individual at risk of developing the disease prior to the clinical onset of the disease. The purpose of prevention is to combat the development of the disease, condition or disorder, and includes the administration of the active compounds to prevent or delay the onset of the symptoms or complications and to prevent or delay the development of related diseases, conditions or disorders. Success of said preventive treatment is reflected statistically by reduced incidence of said condition within a patient population at risk for this condition in comparison to an equivalent patient population without preventive treatment.
The expression "treatment" or "therapy" means therapeutic treatment of patients having already developed one or more of said conditions in manifest, acute or chronic form, including symptomatic treatment in order to relieve symptoms of the specific indication or causal treatment in order to reverse or partially reverse the condition or to delay the progression of the indication as far as this may be possible, depending on the condition and the severity thereof. Thus the expression "treatment of a disease" as used herein means the management and care of a patient having developed the disease, condition or disorder. The purpose of treatment is to combat the disease, condition or disorder. Treatment includes the administration of the active compounds to elimi- nate or control the disease, condition or disorder as well as to alleviate the symptoms or complications associated with the disease, condition or disorder.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmacologically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. For example, such salts include salts from ammonia, L-arginine, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, calcium hydroxide, choline, deanol, diethanolamine (2,2'- iminobis(ethanol)), diethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)-ethanol, 2-aminoethanol, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl-glucamine, hydrabamine, lH-imidazole, lysine, magnesium hydroxide, 4-(2- hydroxyethyl)-morpholine, piperazine, potassium hydroxide, l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine (2,2',2"-nitrilotris(ethanol)), tromethamine, zinc hydroxide, acetic acid, 2.2-dichloro-acetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, L-aspartic acid, ben- zenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-acetamido-benzoic acid, (+)- camphoric acid, (+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, carbonic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, decanoic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethane- 1 ,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, gentisic acid, D-glucoheptonic acid, D-gluconic acid, D-glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, 2-oxo-glutaric acid, glycerophosphoric acid, glycine, glycolic acid, hexano- ic acid, hippuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, isobutyric acid, DL-lactic acid, lac- tobionic acid, lauric acid, lysine, maleic acid, (-)-L-malic acid, malonic acid, DL-mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, galactaric acid, naphthalene- 1,5-disulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, l-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, nicotinic acid, nitric acid, octanoic acid, oleic acid, orotic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, pamoic acid (embonic acid), phosphoric acid, propionic acid, (-)-L- pyroglutamic acid, salicylic acid, 4-amino-salicylic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, sulfuric acid, tannic acid, (+)-L-tartaric acid, thiocyanic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and un- decylenic acid. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like, (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Berge, S.M. et al, J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1-19).
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a cationic group and optionally an additional basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting other salt forms of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof. Moreover, counterions can generally be exchanged by ion exchange chromatography.
Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention (e.g. trifluoro acetate salts) also comprise a part of the invention.
The term "Ci_n-alkyl", wherein n is an integer from 1 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes an acyclic, saturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon radical with 1 to n C atoms. For example the term Ci_4-alkyl, as used herein, embraces the radicals H3C-, H3C-CH2-, H3C-CH2-CH2-, H3C-CH(CH3)-, H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-, H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-,
H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-, and H3C-C(CH3)2-.
In all cases of contradictions between structure and their naming, structure shall prevail. PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
One particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, isobutyl, 2-amino ethyl, 3 -amino propyl, 2-(methylamino)ethyl, 2- (dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(methylamino)propyl, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(morpholin-4- yl)ethyl, 2-(dimethylphosphinoylmethoxy)ethyl and 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhex-l-yl.
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a moiety selected from
Figure imgf000009_0001
, and
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is selected from Ci- C6-alkyl, wherein Ci-C6-alkyl carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from amino, Ci-C4-alkylamino, di-Ci-C4-alkylamino and morpholin-4-yl.
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1,4- diazepane, wherein piperidine carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from NRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl and -C(0)CH2NRcRd, wherein Rc and Rd are independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C4-alkyl, and wherein piperazine or 1,4- diazepane carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from Ci-C4-alkyl, dimethylphosphinoyl-Ci-C4- alkyl and
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is Ci-C6-alkyl, wherein Ci-C6-alkyl carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from di-Ci-C4-alkylamino and morpho- lin-4-yl.
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1,4- diazepane, wherein piperidine carries 1 or 2 substituents selected from NRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from Ci-C4-alkyl and -C(0)CH2NRcRd, wherein Rc and Rd are inde- pendently selected from Ci-C4-alkyl, and wherein piperazine or 1 ,4-diazepane carries a nitrogen bound substituent selected from Ci-C4-alkyl, and dimethylphosphinoyl-Ci-C4-alkyl.
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is selected from C2- C6-alkyl, wherein C2-C6-alkyl carries a dimethylphosphinoylmethoxy substituent.
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1,4- diazepane, wherein the heterocyclic moiety carries a dimethylphosphinoyl-Ci-C4-alkyl substituent.
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Z" is selected from chloride and trifluoroace- tate.
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, selected from
Figure imgf000010_0001
ci-
Figure imgf000010_0002
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0002
Another particular embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) characterized by a topological polar surface area value (TPSA) of at least 150. The term "topological polar surface area" as used herein refers to a value calculated as disclosed for the fragment based PSA in Ertl P. et al, J. Med. Chem, 43 (2000), 3714-3717. Suitable compounds of formula (I) will usually have a TPSA value in the range of from 150 to 250. Such compounds are in particular compounds selected from
Figure imgf000014_0001
Any of the substituents defined above may be combined with each other to form additional com- pounds not specifically exemplified above. Particularly preferred are compounds of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein at least 2, 3, or 4 of the substituents defined herein have one of the particular or preferred meaning as defined herein.
PREPARATION
The following methods are suitable for preparing compounds of general formula (I).
The compounds according to the invention may be obtained using methods of synthesis which are known to the one skilled in the art and described in the literature of organic synthesis. Gen- eral methods for functional groups protection and deprotection steps are described e.g. in:
Greene, T.W. and Wuts, P.G.M. (eds.): Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, third edition 1999; John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Preferably the compounds are obtained analogously to the methods of preparation explained more fully hereinafter, in particular as described in the experimental section.
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0002
Compounds of general formula (I) can be prepared by standard amidation procedures from the acid intermediate (IV.1) the synthesis of which is described hereinafter, and amines of general formula (II) applying e.g. the coupling reagent HATU. Obvious to one skilled in the art, the counterion Z" may be different in (IV.1) and (I) depending on the conditions of synthesis and purification. Furthermore, compound (IV.1) may alternatively be applied in its zwitterionic form (i.e. with the carboxylate group being deprotonated and without a counterion Z").
Amines (II) can be prepared using methods of synthesis which are known to one skilled in the art and described in the literature of organic synthesis. The scope of the substituents R1 and R2 of amines (II) may exceed what is claimed for compounds of general formula (I). R1 and R2 in compounds (II) may e.g. carry protecting groups necessary or advantageous in the amidation step. R1 and R2 can be modified in subsequent synthetic steps through e.g. deprotection and/or amidation reactions.
Compounds of formula (I), as defined hereinbefore, are salts containing an anion Z". These anions Z" may be derived from synthesis or purification or changed from one anionic species to another suitable anionic species by methods known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such methods are ion exchange using for example ion exchange resins or displacement of an acid counterion from its salt using another, usually stronger, acid. For example, treatment of a compound of formula (I), as defined hereinbefore, where Z" is CF3COO", with HCl in a suitable solvent, such as water, methanol or diethyl ether, may produce a compound of formula 1 , as defined hereinbefore, where Z" is CI". Certain compounds of formula (I), as defined hereinbefore, may contain groups that may be further converted into the salts thereof, for pharmaceutical use particularly into pharmaceutically acceptable salts with inorganic or organic acids and bases. Acids which may be used for this purpose include for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, methanesul- phonic acid, phosphoric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or maleic acid. Corresponding processes are known to the skilled person.
Moreover, where one or more stereoisomers may exist, the compounds of general formula (I) or intermediates in the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I) may be obtained as mixtures and then resolved into their stereoisomers, e.g. enantiomers and/or diastereomers. Thus, for example, cis/trans mixtures may be resolved into their cis and trans isomers, and racemic compounds may be separated into their enantiomers.
Thus, for example, the cis/trans mixtures may be resolved by chromatography into the cis and trans isomers thereof. The compounds of general formula (I) or intermediates in the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I), which occur as racemates may be separated by methods known per se (cf. Allinger N. L. and Eliel E. L. in "Topics in Stereochemistry", Vol. 6, Wiley Interscience, 1971) into their optical antipodes and compounds of general formula (I) or intermediates in the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I) with at least 2 asymmetric carbon atoms may be resolved into their diastereomers on the basis of their physical-chemical differences using methods known per se, e.g. by chromatography and/or fractional crystallisation, and, if these compounds are obtained in racemic form, they may subsequently be resolved into the enantiomers as mentioned above.
The racemates are preferably resolved by column chromatography on chiral phases or by crystallization from an optically active solvent or by reacting with an optically active substance which forms salts or derivatives such as esters or amides with the racemic compound. Salts may be formed with enantiomerically pure acids for basic compounds and with enantiomerically pure bases for acidic compounds. Diastereomeric derivatives are formed with enantiomerically pure auxiliary compounds, e.g. acids, their activated derivatives, or alcohols. Separation of the diastereomeric mixture of salts or derivatives thus obtained may be achieved by taking advantage of their different physico-chemical properties, e.g. differences in solubility; the free antipodes may be released from the pure diastereomeric salts or derivatives by the action of suitable agents. Optically active acids in common use for such a purpose are e.g. the D- and L-forms of tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, ditoloyltartaric acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or quinic acid. Optically active alcohols applicable as auxiliary residues may be, for example, (+) or (-)-menthol and optically active acyl groups in amides may be, for example, (+)- or (-)-menthyloxycarbonyl.
The substances according to the invention are isolated and purified in a manner known per se, for example by distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure and recrystallizing the residue obtained from a suitable solvent or subjecting it to one of the customary purification methods, such as, for example, column chromatography on a suitable support material.
The compounds according to the invention are advantageously obtainable using the methods described in the examples that follow, which may also be combined for this purpose with methods known to the skilled person from his/her expert knowledge. Likewise, further compounds according to this invention, whose preparation are not explicitly described in the following examples, can be prepared analogously or similarly to the examples.
EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate the present invention without restricting its scope.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed examples which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
Where no salt forms of compounds are specified, the compound may exist as a free base or a salt or a zwitterion, depending on the chemical structure, the synthesis conditions and the processes of workup and purification applied. The skilled person will appreciate that the compound is not limited to a certain salt form. Where salt forms of compounds are specified, the stoichiometry of the counterion is usually omitted. In case of multiply charged counterions the skilled person will appreciate that the resulting salt form is uncharged, leading to the corresponding stoichiometry. The skilled person will appreciate that the compound is not limited to the mono salt form and that it may exist as a disalt, trisalt or other compound : counterion stoichiometries. Furthermore, the skilled person will appreciate that such compound may unexpectedly exist as a salt with a different counterion, depending on the synthesis conditions and the processes of workup and purification applied. Solely for the purpose of yield determination, an estimate of the nature of the counterion and of compound : counterion stoichiometry is made (as indicated by the formula given).
SYNTHESIS OF INTERMEDIATES
The following intermediates I can be prepared as described in the literature given in the table:
Figure imgf000018_0002
Intermediate II.1
Figure imgf000018_0001
A mixture of intermediate 1.1 (6.00 g; 19.6 mmol), intermediate 1.2 (6.46 g; 19.6 mmol) and DMF (20 ml) is stirred at r.t. over night. The mixture is evaporated, the residue is dissolved in DCM, and extracted with brine. The organic layer is dried (Na2S04) and evaporated. The resulting solid is triturated with diethyl ether, filtered off and dried. Intermediate III. l
Figure imgf000019_0001
To a mixture of intermediate II.1 (7.57 g; 16.7 mmol) and ACN (70 ml) is added in portions io- doethane (66.7 ml; 835 mmol). The mixture is heated to 90 °C over night, then evaporated to dryness. The residue is suspended in toluene and evaporated again to dryness.
Intermediate IV.1
Figure imgf000019_0002
A mixture of intermediate III.l (6.00 g; 10.0 mmol) and hydrochloric acid (4M in dioxane; 75 ml; 300 mmol) is stirred at 90 °C over night, then evaporated to dryness. The residue is suspended in toluene and evaporated again to dryness.
Intermediate V.1
Figure imgf000019_0003
To a mixture of the acid intermediate IV.1 (100 mg; 0.455 mmol), the amine 4-tert- butoxycarbonylamino-piperidine (110 mg; 0.549 mmol), triethylamine (170 μΐ; 1.23 mmol) and DMF (4.0 ml) is added HATU (215 mg; 0.565 mmol). The mixture is stirred at r.t. for 2h, then evaporated. The residue is purified by RP-HPLC (CI 8; water- ACN-TFA).
Step 2:
The intermediate obtained from step 1 is stirred in DCM/TFA (3: 1) at r.t. for lh, then evaporated.
Step 3: The intermediate obtained from step 2 is taken up in methanolic HCl and evaporated to dryness.
C23H30CIN8O2 x HCl x CI ESI Mass spectrum: m/z = 485 [M]
HPLC analytics: RT = 0.51 min (HPLC method A)
SYNTHESIS OF EXAMPLES
The following example compounds are prepared according to the procedure described for the synthesis of intermediate V.l from the respective acid and amine as indicated. Depending on conditions applied, the syntheses may unexpectedly yield other counterion stoichiometries or other salt forms.
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
(a) Purified by RP-HPLC (water- ACN-ammonium formate)
ANALYTICAL METHODS AND PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY
As a rule, ^H-NMR and mass spectra have been obtained for the compounds prepared. Mass peaks given (e.g. (M)+, (M+H)+, (M+HCOO)-) refer to monoisotopic molecular weight.
Preparative HPLC:
Stationary phase (unless stated otherwise): XBridge CI 8; 10 μιη or SunFire CI 8; 10 μιη (both from waters, www.waters.com)
Analytical HPLC/MS Methods
The HPLC retention times given are measured under the following parameters. HPLC method A
Figure imgf000025_0002
HPLC method B
Figure imgf000026_0001
HPLC method C
Column: Atlantis dC18 5μιη 4,6 x 50 mm, Temp 35°C
Mobile phase: A = H20 90°/ xo + 10% CH3CN + CF3COOH 0,05%
B = CH3CN 90% + 10% H2O
Time in min %A %B flow rate in ml/min
0.00 100 0 1.3
0.70 100 0 1.3
4.5 0 100 1.3
10 5.80 0 100 1.3
6.00 100 0 1.3
HPLC method D
Figure imgf000026_0002
i s HPLC method E
Figure imgf000026_0003
Figure imgf000027_0001
HPLC method F
Figure imgf000027_0002
The following abbreviations are used above and hereinafter:
ACN Acetonitrile
Aq. aqueous
BOC tert-Butoxycarbonyl
Cbz Carbobenzyloxy
CH Cyclohexane
DCM Dichloromethane
DIPEA Diisopropyl-ethylamine
DMAP 4-Dimethylaminopyridine
DMF N,N-Dimethylformamide
DPPF 1 , 1 '-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
EDC 1 -Ethyl-3 -(3 -dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride
EE Ethyl acetate
Eq. Molar equivalent
ESI Electrospray ionization
h hour
HATU 0-(7- Azabenzotriazo 1- 1 -yl)-N,N,N ' ,N ' -tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
HC1 Hydrochloric acid
KOH Potassium hydroxide
1 litre
LiHMDS Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide M mo 1/1
Min minutes
Mp melting point
NaOH Sodium hydroxide
n.d. not determined
NMP N-Methylpyrrolidone
Pd/C palladium on charcoal
r.t. ambient temperature (about 20°C)
RT retention time
TBME Methyl tert-butyl ether
TBTU 2-( 1 H-Benzotriazol- 1 -yl)- 1 , 1 ,3 ,3-tetramethyluronium-tetrafluoroborate
TEA Triethylamine
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
THF Tetrahydrofurane
TLC Thin Layer Chromatography
TMS Trimethylsilyl
PHARMACOLOGICAL TEST METHOD
The IC50 values of the example compounds given above were determined in the Ussing Chamber assay.
Ussing Chamber: Mouse kidney M-l cells were cultivated in DMEM containing 5% FCS and 5μΜ dexamethasone for 10 to 12 days on polyester transwell filters. Filters were inserted into a teflon-coated well-plate which fit into the ussing chamber system. Prior to measurement the me- dium of M-l cells was replaced with Caco-2 transport buffer (Invitrogen, Germany). During measurements, the Ussing chamber temperature was kept at 37°C. Short circuit currents (I_sc) were measured in the voltage-clamp mode with the software package Lab View for data acquisition and analysis. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was determined by the application of voltage steps of ±5mV every 5 sec. Compounds were administered at a final concentra- tion of 3μΜ or at increasing concentrations (1-3-10μΜ) to the apical solution. At the end of each experiment the amiloride sensitive I SC was measured by adding 3μΜ amiloride to the apical compartment. Results are expressed as inhibition in percent of the amiloride effect or as IC50. With the example compounds given above, the following IC50 values were determined in the Ussing Chamber assay:
Figure imgf000029_0001
Permeability in CALU-3 cells:
Permeability measurements across polarized, confluent CALU-3 cell monolayers grown on permeable filter supports are used to provide information on the potential of a compound to pass the lung epithelium. Apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of the compounds across the CALU- 3 cell monolayers are measured (pH 7.4, 37°C) in apical-to-basal (AB) and basal-to-apical (BA) transport direction. AB permeability (Papp, AB) represents drug absorption from the lung lumen into the blood and BA permeability (Papp, BA) drug transport from the blood into the lung lumen mainly via passive permeability since Calu-3 cells as well as lung epithelial cells do not express efflux transporters like P-gp, while uptake transporters may be expressed.
CALU-3 cells (1-2 x 105 cells/1 cm2 area) are seeded on filter inserts (Costar transwell polycarbonate filters, 0.4 μιη pore size) and cultured (for 10 - 12 days DMEM) until tight monolayers are formed. Compounds of interest are dissolved in appropriate solvent (DMSO, 10 mM stock solution). Stock solutions are diluted with HTP-4 buffer (128.13 mM NaCl, 5.36 mM KC1, 1 mM MgS04, 1.8 mM CaC12, 4.17 mM NaHC03, 1.19 mM Na2HP04 x 7H20, 0.41 mM NaH2P04xH20, 15 mM HEPES, 20 mM glucose, 0.25 % BSA, pH 7.4) to prepare the transport solutions (10 μΜ compound, final DMSO <= 0.5 %). The transport solution (TL) is applied to the apical or basolateral donor side for measuring A-B or B-A permeability (3 filter replicates), respectively. The receiver side contains the same buffer as the donor side. After 30 min of accommodation, samples are collected at the start tO = 0 min and at the end of the experiment tn = 90 min from the donor and at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min also from the receiver chamber. Volume removed is replenished by HTP-4 buffer. The compound concentration in the samples is measured by HPLC-MS/MS or scintillation counting. The permeability coefficient (Papp) and efflux ratio are calculated according to: Papp [cm/s] = (concentration receiver [nM] * volume receiver [mL]/time interval [sec])*(l/filter area) *(1 /donor concentration [nM]). With example compounds given above, the following permeability values were determined in the CALU-3 cells assay:
Figure imgf000030_0001
Example 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22
Papp, AB <1 <0.6 <1 <0.5 0.4
[10~6 cm s]
Papp, BA 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.7
[10~6 cm/s]
INDICATIONS
As has been found, the compounds of formula (I) are characterized by their wide range of applications in the therapeutic field. Particular mention should be made of those applications for which the compounds according to the invention of formula (I) are preferably suited on account of their pharmaceutical efficacy as ENaC inhibitors. Examples include respiratory diseases or complaints, allergic diseases of the airways, or dry eyes.
Particular mention should be made of the prevention and treatment of diseases of the airways and of the lung which are accompanied by increased mucus production, inflammation and/or obstructive diseases of the airways. Examples include acute, allergic or chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD), coughing, pulmonary emphysema, allergic or non-allergic rhinitis or sinusitis, chronic rhinitis or sinusitis, asthma, alveolitis, Farmer's disease, hyperreactive airways, infectious bronchitis or pneumonitis, paediatric asthma, bronchiectases, pulmonary fibrosis, ARDS (acute adult respiratory distress syndrome), bronchial oedema, pulmonary oedema, bronchitis, pneumonia or interstitial pneumonia triggered by various causes, such as aspiration, inhalation of toxic gases, or bronchitis, pneumonia or interstitial pneumonia as a result of heart failure, irradiation, chemotherapy, cystic fibrosis or mucoviscidosis, or alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency.
Particularly preferably the present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive diseas- es of the upper and lower respiratory tract including the lungs, such as for example allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis and asthma.
It is most preferable to use the compounds of formula (I) for the treatment of inflammatory and obstructive diseases such as COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, particularly COPD, chronic bronchitis, asthma and cystic fibrosis.
The actual pharmaceutically effective amount or therapeutic dosage will of course depend on factors known by those skilled in the art such as age and weight of the patient, route of administration and severity of disease. In any case the combination will be administered at dosages and in a manner which allows a pharmaceutically effective amount to be delivered based upon patient's unique condition.
COMBINATIONS
The compounds of formula (I) may be used on their own or in conjunction with other active substances of formula (I) according to the invention. If desired the compounds of formula (I) may also be used in combination with other pharmacologically active substances.
Therefore the invention further relates to medicament combinations which preferably contain, besides one or more compounds of formula (I) or a salt thereof, as further active substances, one or more compounds selected from among the categories of further ENaC inhibitors, betamimet- ics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, LTD4-antagonists, EGFR-inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HI -antihistamines, PAF-antagonists, MAP -kinase inhibitors, MPR4-Inhibitors, iNOS -Inhibitors, SYK-Inhibitors, corrections of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and CFTR potentiators, or double or triple combinations thereof.
FORMULATIONS
Suitable forms for administration are for example inhalable powders or aerosols. The content of the pharmaceutically effective compound(s) in each case should be in the range from 0.2 to 50 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 25 wt% of the total composition, i.e. in amounts which are sufficient to achieve the dosage range specified hereinafter.
Administered by inhalation the active substance combination may be given as a powder, as an aqueous or aqueous-ethanolic solution or using a propellant gas formulation.
Preferably, therefore, pharmaceutical formulations are characterised in that they contain one or more compounds of formula (I) according to the preferred embodiments above.
It is also preferred if the compounds of formula (I) are administered by inhalation, particularly preferably if they are administered once or twice a day. For this purpose, the compounds of formula (I) have to be made available in forms suitable for inhalation. Inhalable preparations include inhalable powders, propellant-containing metered-dose aerosols or propellant-free inhalable solutions, which are optionally present in admixture with conventional physiologically acceptable excipients.
Within the scope of the present invention, the term propellant-free inhalable solutions also include concentrates or sterile ready-to-use inhalable solutions. The preparations which may be used according to the invention are described in more detail in the next part of the specification.
Inhalable powders
If the active substances of formula (I) are present in admixture with physiologically acceptable excipients, the following physiologically acceptable excipients may be used to prepare the inhalable powders according to the invention: monosaccharides (e.g. glucose or arabinose), disaccharides (e.g. lactose, saccharose, maltose), oligo- and polysaccharides (e.g. dextran), polyalcohols (e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol), salts (e.g. sodium chloride, calcium carbonate) or mixtures of these excipients with one another. Preferably, mono- or disaccharides are used, while the use of lactose or glucose is preferred, particularly, but not exclusively, in the form of their hydrates. For the purposes of the invention, lactose is the particularly preferred excipient, while lactose monohydrate is most particularly preferred. Methods of preparing the inhalable powders according to the invention by grinding and micronising and by finally mixing the components together are known from the prior art.
Propellant-containing inhalable aerosols
The propellant-containing inhalable aerosols which may be used according to the invention may contain a compound of formula (I) dissolved in the propellant gas or in dispersed form. The propellant gases which may be used to prepare the inhalation aerosols according to the invention are known from the prior art. Suitable propellant gases are selected from among hydrocarbons such as n-propane, n-butane or isobutane and halohydrocarbons such as preferably fluorinated derivatives of methane, ethane, propane, butane, cyclopropane or eye lo butane. The propellant gases mentioned above may be used on their own or in mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred propellant gases are fluorinated alkane derivatives selected from TGI 34a
(1,1,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane), TG227 (1,1,1 ,2,3 ,3 ,3-heptafluoropropane) and mixtures thereof. The propellant-driven inhalation aerosols used within the scope of the use according to the invention may also contain other ingredients such as co-solvents, stabilisers, surfactants, antioxidants, lubricants and pH adjusters. All these ingredients are known in the art.
Propellant-free inhalable solutions
The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are preferably used to prepare propellant-free inhalable solutions and inhalable suspensions. Solvents used for this purpose include aqueous or alcoholic, preferably ethanolic solutions. The solvent may be water on its own or a mixture of water and ethanol. The solutions or suspensions are adjusted to a pH of 3 to 7 using suitable acids. The pH may be adjusted using acids selected from inorganic or organic acids. Examples of particularly suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and/or phosphoric acid. Examples of particularly suitable organic acids include ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and/or propionic acid etc. Preferred inorganic acids are hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. It is also possible to use the acids which have already formed an acid addition salt with one of the active substances. Of the organic acids, ascorbic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid are preferred. If desired, mixtures of the above acids may also be used, particularly in the case of acids which have other properties in addition to their acidifying qualities, e.g. as flavourings, antioxidants or complexing agents, such as citric acid or ascorbic acid, for example. According to the invention, it is particularly preferred to use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH.
Co-solvents and/or other excipients may be added to the propellant-free inhalable solutions used for the purpose according to the invention. Preferred co-solvents are those which contain hy- droxyl groups or other polar groups, e.g. alcohols - particularly isopropyl alcohol, glycols - particularly propyleneglycol, poly ethylenegly col, polypropyleneglycol, glycolether, glycerol, poly- oxyethylene alcohols and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. The terms excipients and additives in this context denote any pharmacologically acceptable substance which is not an active sub- stance but which can be formulated with the active substance or substances in the pharmacologically suitable solvent in order to improve the qualitative properties of the active substance formulation. Preferably, these substances have no pharmacological effect or, in connection with the desired therapy, no appreciable or at least no undesirable pharmacological effect. The excipients and additives include, for example, surfactants such as soya lecithin, oleic acid, sorbitan esters, such as polysorbates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, other stabilisers, complexing agents, antioxidants and/or preservatives which guarantee or prolong the shelf life of the finished pharmaceutical formulation, flavourings, vitamins and/or other additives known in the art. The additives also include pharmacologically acceptable salts such as sodium chloride as isotonic agents. The preferred excipients include antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, for example, provided that it has not already been used to adjust the pH, vitamin A, vitamin E, tocopherols and similar vitamins or provitamins occurring in the human body. Preservatives may be used to protect the formulation from contamination with pathogens. Suitable preservatives are those which are known in the art, particularly cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride or benzoic acid or benzoates such as sodium benzoate in the concentration known from the prior art.
For the treatment forms described above, ready-to-use packs of a medicament for the treatment of respiratory complaints are provided, containing an enclosed description including for example the words respiratory disease, COPD or asthma, a compound according to the invention and one or more combination partners selected from those described above.

Claims

WHAT WE CLAIM
Figure imgf000035_0001
wherein
R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C6-alkyl, wherein Ci-C6- alkyl may carry 1 to 5 substituents selected from hydroxyl, amino, C1-C4- alkylamino, di-Ci-C4-alkyl amino, morpholin-4-yl and dimethylphosphinoylme- thoxy, provided that at least one of R1 and R2 is different from hydrogen, unsub- stituted Ci-C6-alkyl and Ci-C6-alkyl carrying 1 hydroxyl substituent; or
R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a heterocyclic moiety selected from piperidine, piperazine and 1 ,4-diazepane, wherein the heterocyclic moiety may carry 1 or 2 substituents selected from Ci-C4-alkyl, dime- thylphosphinoyl-Ci-C4-alkyl and NRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl and -C(0)CH2NRcRd, wherein Rc and Rd are independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C4-alkyl; and
Z" is selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, hydroxide, hydrogensulfate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, fumarate, citrate, tartrate, oxalate, succinate, mandelate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, isobutyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-(methylamino)ethyl, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(methylamino)propyl, 3 -(dimethylamino)propyl, 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl,
2-(dimethylphosphinoylmethoxy)ethyl and 2,3 ,4,5 ,6-pentahydroxyhex- 1 -yl.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to form a moiety selected from
Figure imgf000036_0001
A compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z" is selected from chloride and trifluoroacetate.
A compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from
Figure imgf000036_0002
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000037_0002
Figure imgf000038_0001
Figure imgf000038_0002
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000039_0002
Figure imgf000039_0003
A compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament.
A compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a disease selected from among respiratory diseases or complaints and allergic diseases of the airways. A compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a disease selected from among chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchitis caused by bacterial or viral infection or fungi or helminths, allergic bronchitis, toxic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD), asthma, paedi- atric asthma, bronchiectasis, allergic alveolitis, allergic or non-allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis or mucoviscidosis, alpha- 1- antitrypsin deficiency, cough, pulmonary emphysema, interstitial lung diseases, alveolitis, hyperreactive airways, nasal polyps, pulmonary oedema and pneumonitis of different origins, and dry eyes.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Medicament combination which contains, besides one or more compounds according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as further active substances, one or more compounds selected from among the categories of further ENaC inhibitors, betamimetics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, LTD4- antagonists, EGFR- inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HI -antihistamines, PAF-antagonists, MAP -kinase inhibitors, MPR4-Inhibitors, iNOS -Inhibitors, SYK-Inhibitors, correctors of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and CFTR potentiators or double or triple combinations thereof.
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