WO2017024537A1 - 熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法 - Google Patents
熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017024537A1 WO2017024537A1 PCT/CN2015/086685 CN2015086685W WO2017024537A1 WO 2017024537 A1 WO2017024537 A1 WO 2017024537A1 CN 2015086685 W CN2015086685 W CN 2015086685W WO 2017024537 A1 WO2017024537 A1 WO 2017024537A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
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- the present invention relates to a melting furnace and a method of treating a material to be melted using the melting furnace.
- the separation of slag iron is usually carried out by using a blast furnace.
- the blast furnace is an upright furnace type, which requires coke as a material rack to keep the air passage in the furnace unobstructed, and the reduced iron generated in the upper reduction zone is melted into a liquid by the heat energy generated by the combustion of the coke.
- the slag and the molten metal are separated in the hearth, and after accumulating to a certain amount, they are discharged from the slag iron port to obtain molten metal and slag.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a melting furnace and a method for treating a material to be melted by using the melting furnace, which can realize continuous processing of a material to be melted, and molten metal and slag The separation efficiency is higher and the energy consumption is lower.
- the invention provides a melting furnace, according to an embodiment of the invention, the melting furnace comprises:
- the melting furnace body has a melting space, the bottom of the melting space defines a molten pool, and the melting space sequentially forms a feeding zone, a melting zone, and a separation zone along the melt flow direction
- a discharge zone the feed zone is located at one end of the melting furnace body, the discharge zone is located at the other end of the melting furnace body, and a feed port is provided on a sidewall of the feed zone a discharge port and a slag outlet on the side wall of the discharge zone;
- each pair of said regenerative burners being disposed on opposite side walls of said molten furnace body.
- the melting furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can realize continuous processing of the material to be melted, and the molten metal and The slag separation efficiency is high and the energy consumption is low.
- the melting furnace according to the above embodiment of the present invention may have the following additional technical features:
- the molten furnace body at the molten pool is constructed from a plurality of layers of erosion resistant refractory bricks. Thereby, the life of the melting furnace can be significantly improved.
- a refractory brick at the molten pool is provided with a steel furnace shell, and a cooling device is disposed between the refractory brick located at the molten pool and the steel furnace shell.
- a cooling wall is disposed between the refractory brick located at the sidewall of the molten pool and the steel furnace shell, and the refractory brick located at the bottom of the molten pool and the steel furnace shell There are water-cooled tubes or air-cooled tubes between them. Thereby, the life of the melting furnace can be further improved.
- the front end wall, the rear end wall, the side wall, and the top of the portion of the melting furnace body located at an upper portion of the molten pool are independently made of gas-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and Insulation refractory bricks are piled up. Thereby, the life of the melting furnace can be further improved.
- the front end wall of the portion of the melting furnace body located at the upper portion of the molten pool is a curved end wall. Therefore, the sealing of the feed opening can be achieved.
- the melting furnace further includes: a silo; and a charging device coupled to the silo and the feed port, respectively.
- the invention provides a method of treating a material to be melted using the melting furnace described above, according to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprising:
- combustion materials include gas and air
- the zone and the discharge zone are subjected to melting and separation treatment to obtain a molten metal and molten slag, and the molten metal is discharged from the discharge port at the other end of the melting furnace body, and the molten slag is discharged from the discharge port
- the tap hole is discharged.
- the method for treating the material to be directly melted according to the embodiment of the present invention can realize the continuous treatment of the material to be melted by using the above-mentioned melting furnace to treat the material to be melted, and the separation efficiency of the molten metal and the slag is better. High and low energy consumption.
- the method of processing a material to be melted according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
- the temperature of the melting zone is 1000 to 1800 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the separation zone is 100 to 200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature of the melting zone. Thereby, the separation efficiency of the molten metal and the slag can be further improved.
- the temperature of the melting zone is from 1450 to 1700 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the separation zone is 100 to 200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature of the melting zone.
- FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a melting furnace in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a front structural view showing a melting furnace according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a front structural view showing a melting furnace according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
- features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
- the meaning of "a plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
- the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements, unless otherwise specified Limited.
- the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
- the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
- the first feature is in the second
- the features "above”, “above” and “above” may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
- the first feature "below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.
- the invention provides a melting furnace.
- the melting furnace comprises: a melting furnace body, the melting furnace body has a melting space, the melting space bottom defines a molten pool, the melting space along the melt
- the flow direction sequentially forms a feed zone, a melting zone, a separation zone and a discharge zone, the feed zone being located at one end of the melting furnace body, the discharge zone being located at the other end of the melting furnace body, a feeding port is arranged on a side wall of the feeding zone, a discharge port and a slag opening are arranged on a side wall of the discharge zone; and a plurality of regenerative burners, the plurality of regenerative combustion Separatingly disposed on the side wall of the melting furnace body, the melting zone and the separation zone are respectively provided with at least one pair of the regenerative burners, and each pair of the regenerative burners is disposed at On the opposite side walls of the melting furnace body.
- the inventors have found that by providing a regenerative burner on the melting furnace body to heat the melting space, the material to be melted can be heated and melted when passing through various regions in the melting space in turn, and the separation zone can be set by The metal melt and the slag are completely separated. When the molten metal and the slag are collected in the molten pool to a certain amount, they can be discharged from the discharge port and the slag outlet respectively, so that the melting furnace can realize the material to be melted. Continuous processing, and by using a regenerative burner to heat the melting space, precise temperature control of the melting space can be achieved and the temperature field distribution in the melting space can be evenly distributed, thereby significantly increasing the melting of the material to be melted.
- the regenerator in the regenerative burner can be effectively utilized to recover the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and the part of the waste heat is fully utilized.
- the melting furnace of the present invention has lower strength and particle size requirements for the molten material, and the present invention does not cause serious environmental pollution as compared with the use of coke as a fuel and a column, and the present invention can be applied to low grade. Melting treatment of mines, refractory ore and composite ore.
- the melting furnace comprises:
- the melting furnace body 100 has a melting space 10 therein, the bottom of the melting space 10 defines a molten pool 11, and the melting space 10 sequentially forms a feed along the melt flow direction.
- the zone 12, the melting zone 13, the separation zone 14 and the discharge zone 15, the feed zone 12 is located at one end of the melting furnace body 100, and the discharge zone 15 is located at the other end of the melting furnace body 100, the side wall of the feed zone 12
- a feed port 101 is provided, and a discharge port 102 and a tap hole 103 are provided on the side wall of the discharge zone 15, and the tap hole 103 is located above the discharge port 102 in the height direction.
- the molten pool 11 may have a rectangular shallow pool structure. Thereby, the material to be melted can be spread in a thin layer horizontally in the molten pool, so that the melting efficiency of the material can be significantly improved.
- the melting furnace body 100 at the molten pool 11 may be stacked from a plurality of layers of erosion resistant refractory bricks, for example, the refractory bricks may be carbon composite bricks, microporous corundum bricks, and semi-graphite carbon bricks. .
- the refractory bricks may be carbon composite bricks, microporous corundum bricks, and semi-graphite carbon bricks.
- the periphery of the refractory brick at the molten pool 11 may be provided with a steel furnace shell 16. Thereby, the stability of the furnace body can be effectively maintained.
- a cooling device 17 may be disposed between the refractory brick located at the molten pool 11 and the steel furnace shell 16.
- a cooling wall may be disposed between the refractory brick located at the sidewall of the molten pool 11 and the steel furnace shell 16.
- the material of the cooling wall may be selected by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs, for example, Cast steel, cast iron or copper stave.
- a water-cooled tube or an air-cooled tube may be disposed between the refractory brick located at the bottom of the molten pool 11 and the steel furnace shell 16. Thereby, the service life of the melting furnace can be further improved.
- the front end wall 18, the rear end wall 19, the side wall 20, and the furnace roof 21 of the portion of the melting furnace body 100 located at the upper portion of the molten pool 11 may be independently gas-resistant.
- the refractory bricks with high temperature resistance and thermal insulation properties are stacked, for example, refractory bricks such as magnesia-alumina spinel brick, mullite heat-insulating brick, high-purity mullite turn, and fused half-recombined magnesia chrome brick.
- the front end wall 18 of the portion of the melting furnace body 100 located at the upper portion of the molten pool 11 may be a curved end wall. Thereby, it is possible to seal the feed port.
- the feed port 101 may be disposed on the wall of the molten pool at the lower end of the front end wall, and the discharge port 102 and the tap hole 103 may be located on the wall of the molten pool at the lower end of the rear end wall.
- the discharge port and the slag outlet can be blocked by the mud.
- the discharger is used to drill through the discharge port of the mud mud and After the discharge is completed, the discharge port and the slag outlet are blocked by the gun mud, and the obtained metal melt is sent to the cast iron workshop for casting or sent to the steelmaking workshop for steel making, and the slag can be used for the production of cement and other buildings. material.
- Regenerative burner 200 comprising a plurality of regenerative burners, each of which is disposed on a side wall of the melting furnace body 100, and a melting zone 13 and a separation zone 14 is correspondingly provided with at least one pair of regenerative burners, each pair of regenerative burners being disposed on opposite side walls of the melting furnace body 100, that is, a plurality of regenerative burners are arranged in the melt flow direction to be melted
- the side walls of the furnace body are disposed, and each pair of regenerative burners are disposed opposite to each other on the side wall.
- the temperature of the melting zone can be 1000-1800 degrees Celsius by using the regenerative burner, and the temperature of the separation zone is 100-200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature of the melting zone, and the temperature of the melting zone is preferably 1450. At ⁇ 1700 degrees Celsius, the temperature in the separation zone is 100 to 200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature in the melting zone. Thereby, the separation efficiency of the molten metal and the slag can be further improved.
- the regenerative burner may be composed of a gas regenerative type, an air regenerative type, and a nozzle, and the air regenerator and the gas regenerator are composed of two adjacent brick masonry spaces.
- the top of the masonry vault, the side wall is made of refractory bricks, the exterior is a fixed steel structure composed of steel and steel plates, and the reversing of the plurality of regenerative burners can be used for centralized reversal or distributed reversal.
- one of each pair of regenerative burners supplies heat to the melting space by burning gas and air, and the high temperature flue gas generated in the melting space passes through another storage.
- the gas heat storage body and the air heat storage body of the thermal burner are discharged after the waste heat is recovered, and when the heat storage body of the regenerative burner is stored to a certain extent, the gas and air are supplied to the regenerative burner.
- supplying gas and air to the other regenerative burner so that the gas and the air are fully preheated by the heat storage of the regenerator, and the generated high-temperature flue gas is stored by the previous regenerative burner. Discharge and use two regenerative burners alternately.
- the melting furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention can heat and melt the melting space by using the regenerative burner, so that the material to be melted can be heated and melted when sequentially passing through various regions in the melting space, and the separation zone can be realized by setting the separation zone.
- the complete separation of the molten metal and the slag, when the molten metal and the slag are collected in the molten pool to a certain amount, can be discharged from the discharge port and the slag outlet respectively, so that the molten furnace can realize the material to be melted.
- the melting furnace of the present invention has lower requirements on the strength and particle size of the molten material, and the present invention does not cause serious environmental pollution as compared with the use of coke as a fuel and a column, and the present invention can be applied to low-grade ore. Melting treatment of difficult mineral ore and composite ore.
- a melting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes:
- the silo 300 is adapted to store material to be melted. It should be noted that the silo can be any silo that can be used for storage in the prior art, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual needs.
- the charging device 400 is connected to the silo 300 and the feed port 101, respectively, and is adapted to supply the material to be melted into the melting space. Specifically, the material to be melted is sent from the heat conveyor to the high level silo above the feed port, and then discharged into the feeding device (feeder) by the high level silo, and the feeding device continuously performs mechanical reciprocating motion, thereby waiting The molten material is continuously and uniformly supplied into the melting furnace to achieve continuous uniform feeding.
- the invention proposes a method of treating a material to be melted.
- the method is carried out using the above-described melting furnace.
- the method comprises: alternately supplying combustion materials to each pair of said regenerative burners for heating said molten space, wherein said combustion materials comprise gas and air; Supplying the material to be melted from the feed port at one end of the melting furnace body into the melting space, so that the material to be melted passes through the feeding zone, the melting zone, and the separation in sequence
- the zone and the discharge zone are subjected to melting and separation treatment to obtain a molten metal and molten slag, and the molten metal is discharged from the discharge port at the other end of the melting furnace body, and the molten slag is discharged from the discharge port
- the tap hole is discharged.
- the material to be melted is processed, and the continuous processing of the material to be melted can be realized, and the separation efficiency of the molten metal and the molten slag is high, and the energy consumption is low. It should be noted that the above described features and advantages for the melting furnace are also applicable to the method for processing the material to be melted, and details are not described herein again.
- the temperature of the melting zone can be 1000 to 1800 degrees Celsius
- the temperature of the separation zone is 100 to 200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature of the melting zone
- the temperature of the melting zone is preferably 1450 degrees.
- the temperature in the separation zone is 100 to 200 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature in the melting zone.
- the direct reduced iron (DRI) produced by the direct reduction device is sent from the heat conveyor to the high level silo above the feed port, and then discharged into the feeding device (feeder) from the high level silo, and the feeding device continuously performs mechanical reciprocating The movement, so that the direct reduced iron is continuously and uniformly supplied to the melting furnace through the feeding port, and the DRI is heated and melted into a molten body by the flame sprayed by the regenerative burner in the molten pool, and continuously flows slowly in the molten pool.
- the iron and slag in the molten metal will naturally form stratification, forming molten iron and slag slag, and molten iron and slag are present.
- the molten pool in the material zone is collected to a certain amount, it is discharged from the discharge port and the slag discharge port respectively.
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Abstract
一种熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法，熔分炉包括：熔分炉本体（100），熔分炉本体（100）内具有熔分空间（10），熔分空间（10）底部限定出熔池（11），熔分空间（10）沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区（12）、熔化区（13）、分离区（14）和出料区（15），进料区（12）位于熔分炉本体（100）的一端，出料区（15）位于熔分炉本体（100）的另一端，进料区（12）的侧壁上设有进料口（101），出料区（15）的侧壁上设有出料口（102）和出渣口（103）；多个蓄热式燃烧器（200），多个蓄热式燃烧器（200）分别设在熔分炉本体（100）的侧壁上，熔化区（13）和分离区（14）均对应设置至少一对蓄热式燃烧器（200），每对蓄热式燃烧器（200）设在熔分炉本体（100）的相对侧壁上。
Description
本发明涉及一种熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法。
目前通常采用高炉实现渣铁的分离，高炉是一种直立炉型，需要焦炭作为料架，保持炉内气道通畅，通过焦炭燃烧产生的热能，将上部还原区生成的还原铁熔化成液体，滴落到炉缸，在炉缸内实现渣和金属熔液分离，聚积到一定量后，从渣铁口排出，得到金属液和矿渣。然而该技术需要使用焦炭作为燃料及料柱，而炼焦工艺环节会造成严重的环境污染，并且对入炉物料的强度要求较高，如球团强度较低，在下降过程中会造成料柱透气性变差，影响高炉顺行和煤气化学能的充分利用，同时该设备可控性差，且属于密闭熔炼，从原料入炉到金属熔液流出，反应时间较长，不能连续处理，其次原料适应性较差，只适用于高品位铁精矿的冶炼，对储量最大的难选矿、钒钛矿、复合矿等不能使用，另外该设备能耗较高，能源利用效率低，炉内排烟温度高，需要通过余热锅炉和发电的形式进行能源转化，并且转化效率≤30％。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种熔分炉和采用该熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法，该熔分炉可以实现待熔分物料的连续处理，并且金属熔液和熔渣分离效率较高，能耗较低。
在本发明的一个方面，本发明提出了一种熔分炉，根据本发明的实施例，所述熔分炉包括：
熔分炉本体，所述熔分炉本体内具有熔分空间，所述熔分空间底部限定出熔池，所述熔分空间沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区，所述进料区位于所述熔分炉本体的一端，所述出料区位于所述熔分炉本体的另一端，所述进料区的侧壁上设有进料口，所述出料区的侧壁上设有出料口和出渣口；以及
多个蓄热式燃烧器，所述多个蓄热式燃烧器分别设在所述熔分炉本体的侧壁上，所述熔化区和所述分离区均对应设置至少一对所述蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上。
由此，根据本发明实施例的熔分炉可以实现待熔分物料的连续处理，并且金属熔液和
熔渣分离效率较高，能耗较低。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的熔分炉还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔池处的所述熔分炉本体由多层耐侵蚀的耐火砖堆砌而成。由此，可以显著提高熔分炉的寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔池处的耐火砖外围设置有钢制炉壳，且位于所述熔池处的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有冷却装置。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中，位于所述熔池侧壁处的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有冷却壁，位于所述熔池底部的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有水冷管或风冷管。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔分炉本体的位于所述熔池的上部的部分的前端墙、后端墙、侧墙和炉顶分别独立地由具有耐气体冲刷、耐高温和保温性能的耐火砖堆砌而成。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔分炉本体的位于所述熔池的上部的部分的前端墙为弧形端墙。由此，可以实现对进料口的密封。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔分炉进一步包括：料仓；以及加料装置，所述加料装置分别与所述料仓和所述进料口相连。
在本发明的第二个方面，本发明提出了一种利用上述所述的熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法，根据本发明的实施例，该方法包括：
向每对所述蓄热式燃烧器中交替供给燃烧物料，以便对所述熔分空间进行加热，其中，所述燃烧物料包括燃气和空气；以及
将所述待熔分物料从所述熔分炉本体一端的所述进料口供给至所述熔分空间中，以便使得所述待熔分物料依次经过所述进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区进行熔化和分离处理，从而得到金属熔液和熔渣，并将所述金属熔液从所述熔分炉本体另一端的所述出料口排出，将所述熔渣从所述出渣口排出。
由此，根据本发明实施例的处理直接待熔分物料的方法通过采用上述熔分炉对待熔分物料进行处理，可以实现待熔分物料的连续处理，并且金属熔液和熔渣分离效率较高，能耗较低。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的处理待熔分物料的方法还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔化区的温度为1000～1800摄氏度，所述分离区的温度比所述熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。由此，可以进一步提高金属熔液和熔渣的分离效率。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述熔化区的温度为1450～1700摄氏度，所述分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。由此，可以进一步提高金属熔液和熔渣的分离效率。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的熔分炉的俯视结构图；
图2是根据本发明再一个实施例的熔分炉的主视结构图；
图3是根据本发明又一个实施例的熔分炉的主视结构图。
发明详细描述
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二
特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本发明的一个方面，本发明提出了一种熔分炉。根据本发明的实施例，该熔分炉包括：熔分炉本体，所述熔分炉本体内具有熔分空间，所述熔分空间底部限定出熔池，所述熔分空间沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区，所述进料区位于所述熔分炉本体的一端，所述出料区位于所述熔分炉本体的另一端，所述进料区的侧壁上设有进料口，所述出料区的侧壁上设有出料口和出渣口；以及多个蓄热式燃烧器，所述多个蓄热式燃烧器分别设在所述熔分炉本体的侧壁上，所述熔化区和所述分离区均对应设置至少一对所述蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上。发明人发现，通过在熔分炉本体上设置蓄热式燃烧器对熔分空间进行加热，可以使得待熔分物料在依次经过熔分空间中各个区域时被加热熔化，并且通过设置分离区可以实现金属熔液和熔渣的彻底分离，当金属熔液和熔渣在熔池内聚集到一定量后可以分别从出料口和出渣口排出，从而使得该熔分炉可以实现对待熔分物料的连续处理，同时由于采用蓄热式燃烧器对熔分空间进行加热，可以实现对熔分空间的精确控温且使得熔分空间中温度场分布均匀，从而可以显著提高待熔分物料的熔分效率，并且通过在熔化区和分离区的侧壁上相对设置蓄热式燃烧器，使得可以有效利用蓄热式燃烧器中的蓄热体对高温烟气进行余热回收，充分利用该部分余热对燃烧物料(燃气和空气)进行预热处理，从而可以降低单位产品能耗成本，并且蓄热式燃烧器所得烟气温度较低，其次本发明的熔分炉对待熔分物料的强度和粒度要求较低，并且与采用焦炭作为燃料和料柱相比，本发明不会造成严重的环境污染，另外本发明可以适用于低品位矿、难选矿和复合矿等的熔分处理。
下面参考图1-2对本发明实施例的熔分炉进行详细描述。根据本发明的实施例，该熔分炉包括：
熔分炉本体100：根据本发明的实施例，熔分炉本体100内具有熔分空间10，熔分空间10底部限定出熔池11，熔分空间10沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区12、熔化区13、分离区14和出料区15，进料区12位于熔分炉本体100的一端，出料区15位于熔分炉本体100的另一端，进料区12的侧壁上设有进料口101，出料区15的侧壁上设有出料口102和出渣口103，并且在高度方向上，出渣口103位于出料口102的上方。根据本发明的具体实施例，熔池11可以采用长方形浅池结构。由此，可以使得待熔分物料在熔池内呈薄层水平铺展状态，从而可以显著提高物料的熔分效率。
根据本发明的一个实施例，熔池11处的熔分炉本体100可以由多层耐侵蚀的耐火砖堆砌而成，例如耐火砖可以为碳复合砖、微孔刚玉砖和半石墨炭砖等。由此，可以显著提高
熔池的抗侵蚀性能，从而避免熔体对熔池的损坏，进而提高熔分炉的使用寿命。
根据本发明的再一个实施例，熔池11处的耐火砖外围可以设置有钢制炉壳16。由此，可以有效保持炉体的稳定。根据本发明的又一个实施例，位于熔池11处的耐火砖与钢制炉壳16之间可以设置有冷却装置17。由此，通过在熔池耐火砖与钢制炉壳之间设置冷却装置，可以显著提高耐火砖的耐高温性能，从而进一步提高熔分炉的使用寿命。根据本发明的具体实施例，位于熔池11侧壁处的耐火砖与钢制炉壳16之间可以设置有冷却壁，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要对冷却壁的材质进行选择，例如可以采用铸钢、铸铁或铜材质的冷却壁。根据本发明的另一个具体实施例，位于熔池11底部的耐火砖与钢制炉壳16之间可以设置有水冷管或风冷管。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的使用寿命。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，熔分炉本体100的位于熔池11的上部的部分的前端墙18、后端墙19、侧墙20和炉顶21可以分别独立地由具有耐气体冲刷、耐高温和保温性能的耐火砖堆砌而成，例如可以为镁铝尖晶石砖、莫来石保温砖、高纯莫来石转和电熔半再结合镁铬砖等耐火砖。由此，可以进一步提高熔分炉的使用寿命。根据本发明的具体实施例，熔分炉本体100的位于熔池11的上部的部分的前端墙18可以为弧形端墙。由此，可以对进料口起到密封的作用。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，进料口101可以设置在前端墙下端的熔池壁上，出料口102和出渣口103可以位于后端墙的下端的熔池壁上。具体的，出料口和出渣口可以采用炮泥进行堵塞，当熔池内出料区的金属熔液和熔渣聚集到一定量后，采用出料机钻穿炮泥堵塞的出料口和出渣口，出料完成后再用炮泥将出料口和出渣口堵塞，得到的金属熔体送入铸铁车间铸造或送入炼钢车间炼钢，熔渣可以用于生产水泥等建筑材料。
蓄热式燃烧器200：根据本发明的实施例，包括多个蓄热式燃烧器，多个蓄热式燃烧器分别设在熔分炉本体100的侧壁上，并且熔化区13和分离区14均对应设置至少一对蓄热式燃烧器，每对蓄热式燃烧器设在熔分炉本体100的相对侧壁上，即多个蓄热式燃烧器沿着熔体流动方向设置在熔分炉本体的侧墙上，并且每对蓄热式燃烧器在侧墙上相对设置。
根据本发明的再一个实施例，通过采用蓄热式燃烧器可以使得熔化区的温度为1000～1800摄氏度，分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度，优选熔化区的温度为1450～1700摄氏度，分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。由此，可以进一步提高金属熔液和熔渣的分离效率。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，蓄热式燃烧器可以由煤气蓄热式、空气蓄热式和喷嘴组成，空气蓄热室和煤气蓄热室由相邻的两个砖砌体空间组成，顶部砌筑拱顶，侧墙采用耐火砖砌筑，外部为型钢和钢板组成的固定钢结构，其中多个蓄热式燃烧器换向可以采用集中换向，也可以采用分散换向。
例如，在对待熔分物料进行熔分过程中，每对蓄热式燃烧器中的一个通过燃烧燃气和空气为熔分空间中供热，而熔分空间中产生的高温烟气经过另一个蓄热式燃烧器的煤气蓄热体和空气蓄热体进行余热回收后排出，当该蓄热式燃烧器的蓄热体蓄热到一定程度后，切断向蓄热式燃烧器中供给燃气和空气，而向另一个蓄热式燃烧器中供给燃气和空气，从而使得燃气和空气充分利用蓄热体的蓄热进行预热，而产生的高温烟气经前一个蓄热式燃烧器蓄热后排出，并且两个蓄热式燃烧器交替使用。
根据本发明实施例的熔分炉通过采用蓄热式燃烧器对熔分空间进行加热，可以使得待熔分物料在依次经过熔分空间中各个区域时被加热熔化，并且通过设置分离区可以实现金属熔液和熔渣的彻底分离，当金属熔液和熔渣在熔池内聚集到一定量后可以分别从出料口和出渣口排出，从而使得该熔分炉可以实现对待熔分物料的连续处理，同时由于采用蓄热式燃烧器对熔分空间进行加热，可以实现对熔分空间的精确控温且使得熔分空间中温度场分布均匀，从而可以显著提高待熔分物料的熔分效率，并且通过在熔化区和分离区的侧壁上相对设置蓄热式燃烧器，使得可以有效利用蓄热式燃烧器中的蓄热体对高温烟气进行余热回收，充分利用该部分余热对燃烧物料(燃气和空气)进行预热处理，从而可以降低单位产品能耗成本，并且蓄热式燃烧器所得烟气温度较低，其次本发明的熔分炉对待熔分物料的强度和粒度要求较低，并且与采用焦炭作为燃料和料柱相比，本发明不会造成严重的环境污染，另外本发明可以适用于低品位矿、难选矿和复合矿等的熔分处理。
参考图3，根据本发明实施例的熔分炉进一步包括：
料仓300：根据本发明的实施例，料仓300适于储存待熔分物料。需要说明的是，该料仓可以为现有技术中的任何可以用于储存的料仓，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要其进行选择。
加料装置400：根据本发明的实施例，加料装置400分别与料仓300和进料口101相连，且适于将待熔分物料供给至熔分空间中。具体的，将待熔分物料由热输送机送至进料口上方的高位料仓中，然后由高位料仓卸入加料装置(加料机)内，加料装置不断进行机械往复运动，从而将待熔分物料连续均匀的供给至熔分炉内，实现连续均匀供料。
在本发明的第二个方面，本发明提出了一种处理待熔分物料的方法。根据本发明的实施例，该方法是采用上述熔分炉进行的。根据本发明的具体实施例，该方法包括：向每对所述蓄热式燃烧器中交替供给燃烧物料，以便对所述熔分空间进行加热，其中，所述燃烧物料包括燃气和空气；以及将所述待熔分物料从所述熔分炉本体一端的所述进料口供给至所述熔分空间中，以便使得所述待熔分物料依次经过所述进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区进行熔化和分离处理，从而得到金属熔液和熔渣，并将所述金属熔液从所述熔分炉本体另一端的所述出料口排出，将所述熔渣从所述出渣口排出。由此，通过采用上述熔分炉对
待熔分物料进行处理，可以实现直接待熔分物料的连续处理，并且金属熔液和熔渣的分离效率较高，能耗较低。需要说明的是，上述针对熔分炉所描述的特征和优点同样适用于该处理待熔分物料的方法，此处不再赘述。
根据本发明的一个实施例，通过采用蓄热式燃烧器可以使得熔化区的温度为1000～1800摄氏度，分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度，优选熔化区的温度为1450～1700摄氏度，分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。由此，可以进一步提高金属熔液和熔渣的分离效率。
下面参考具体实施例，对本发明进行描述，需要说明的是，这些实施例仅仅是描述性的，而不以任何方式限制本发明。
将直接还原装置生产得到的直接还原铁(DRI)由热输送机送至进料口上方的高位料仓中，然后由高位料仓卸入加料装置(加料机)内，加料装置不断进行机械往复运动，从而将直接还原铁经进料口连续均匀的供给至熔分炉内，DRI在熔池内被蓄热式燃烧器喷出的火焰加热熔化成熔融体，并不断缓慢的在熔池内流动，随着温度的逐渐升高，达到熔分温度后，由于铁水和熔渣的比重不同，熔液中的铁和熔渣会自然形成分层，形成铁水和熔渣渣，铁水和熔渣在出料区的熔池内聚集到一定量后，分别从出料口、出渣口排出。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (10)
- 一种熔分炉，其特征在于，包括：熔分炉本体，所述熔分炉本体内具有熔分空间，所述熔分空间底部限定出熔池，所述熔分空间沿着熔体流动方向依次形成进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区，所述进料区位于所述熔分炉本体的一端，所述出料区位于所述熔分炉本体的另一端，所述进料区的侧壁上设有进料口，所述出料区的侧壁上设有出料口和出渣口；以及多个蓄热式燃烧器，所述多个蓄热式燃烧器分别设在所述熔分炉本体的侧壁上，所述熔化区和所述分离区均对应设置至少一对所述蓄热式燃烧器，每对所述蓄热式燃烧器设在所述熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，所述熔池处的所述熔分炉本体由多层耐侵蚀的耐火砖堆砌而成。
- 根据权利要求2所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，所述熔池处的耐火砖外围设置有钢制炉壳，且位于所述熔池处的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有冷却装置。
- 根据权利要求3所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，位于所述熔池侧壁处的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有冷却壁，位于所述熔池底部的耐火砖与所述钢制炉壳之间设置有水冷管或风冷管。
- 根据权利要求1所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，所述熔分炉本体的位于所述熔池的上部的部分的前端墙、后端墙、侧墙和炉顶分别独立地由具有耐气体冲刷、耐高温和保温性能的耐火砖堆砌而成。
- 根据权利要求5所述的熔分炉，所述熔分炉本体的位于所述熔池的上部的部分的前端墙为弧形端墙。
- 根据权利要求1所述的熔分炉，其特征在于，进一步包括：料仓；以及加料装置，所述加料装置分别与所述料仓和所述进料口相连。
- 一种利用权利要求1-7任一项所述的熔分炉处理待熔分物料的方法，其特征在，包括：向每对所述蓄热式燃烧器中交替供给燃烧物料，以便对所述熔分空间进行加热，其中，所述燃烧物料包括燃气和空气；以及将所述待熔分物料从所述熔分炉本体一端的所述进料口供给至所述熔分空间中，以便使得所述待熔分物料依次经过所述进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区进行熔化和分离处理，从而得到金属熔液和熔渣，并将所述金属熔液从所述熔分炉本体另一端的所述出料口排出， 将所述熔渣从所述出渣口排出。
- 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述熔化区的温度为1000～1800摄氏度，所述分离区的温度比所述熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述熔化区的温度为1450～1700摄氏度，所述分离区的温度比熔化区的温度低100～200摄氏度。
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