WO2017004923A1 - 一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术 - Google Patents

一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术 Download PDF

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WO2017004923A1
WO2017004923A1 PCT/CN2015/095414 CN2015095414W WO2017004923A1 WO 2017004923 A1 WO2017004923 A1 WO 2017004923A1 CN 2015095414 W CN2015095414 W CN 2015095414W WO 2017004923 A1 WO2017004923 A1 WO 2017004923A1
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calcium
calcium carbonate
desulfurization
gypsum
dust removal
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French (fr)
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吴剑华
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Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
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Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact

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  • the invention relates to a flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology, in particular to a calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology.
  • Sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide contained in flue gas emitted by power plant boilers, heating boilers, metallurgical industry, chemical industry, etc. are one of the major atmospheric pollutants facing humanity today. All countries have established strict regulatory standards to limit the amount of sulfur in the flue gas.
  • the calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization technology mainly comprises contacting the sulfur-containing flue gas in the absorption tower by using the prepared calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide slurry to complete the absorption, neutralization and oxidation reaction, and then The gypsum slurry formed by the above reaction is subjected to dehydration to obtain a desulfurization by-product gypsum.
  • the method adopts absorption, neutralization and oxidation reaction in the same equipment, and the operation control is complicated.
  • the use of calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide slurry into the absorption tower is very easy to cause fouling in the tower and nozzle clogging, which affects normal operation and causes desulfurization effect. Not ideal and the quality of by-product gypsum is not high.
  • Calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet desulfurization dust removal technology is upgraded to improve desulfurization efficiency, reduce operating cost, improve the quality of by-product gypsum and ensure long-term operation of the plant.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet desulfurization technology, which uses water as a desulfurizing agent, and the desulfurizing agent is in full contact with the original smoke, and the desulfurization and dust removal effects are good; desulfurization, dust removal, neutralization and oxidation
  • the process is carried out separately, and the three processes can be separately refined; before the neutralization and oxidation process, the dust is efficiently removed and the ash is separated, and the obtained by-product gypsum has no ash and the gypsum has high quality.
  • a calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet desulfurization technology comprising the following operational equipment and operation process:
  • the operating equipment includes: a flue gas heat exchanger, a desulfurization and dust removal device, a chimney, an acid ash separation device, a calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide pulping device, a neutralization reaction device, an oxidation reaction device, and a gypsum primary separation device. , gypsum dewatering device, acid ash slag washing device, ash slag separation device, wastewater treatment device, inter-equipment connecting pipeline and intermediate tank, gas conveying device, liquid conveying device, control and display instrumentation and various accessories.
  • the neutralization reaction device and the oxidation reaction device and the acid ash slag washing device are preferably a tubular reactor or a combination of a jet reactor and a tubular reactor, and the tubular reactor is provided with dynamic and static mixing elements for disturbing the material or Empty pipe.
  • the operation process includes:
  • the desulfurization and dust removal device contacts the absorbent entering the desulfurization and dedusting device to remove dust, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, and then enters the chimney after being heated by the flue gas heat exchanger;
  • the acidic water separated by the acid ash separation device and the calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide slurry from the calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide pulping device enter the neutralization reaction device for neutralization reaction to form calcium sulfite and a small amount of calcium sulfate.
  • the calcium sulfate suspension containing the oxidation reaction device is gypsum obtained by removing the moisture from the gypsum initial separation device and the gypsum dehydration device;
  • the acidic ash slag separated by the acid ash slag separation device is fed into the acid ash slag washing device, and the liquid ash residue is directly washed or washed with the alkali or the ash residue, and the washed ash is separated again by the ash slag separation device. Neutral ash is sent out of bounds;
  • the calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology the absorbent entering the desulfurization and dust removal device is fresh water, or fresh water and reclaimed water from a wastewater treatment device, or fresh water and treated from wastewater.
  • the contact mode of the liquid two phases adopts the gas phase as the continuous phase, the liquid phase as the dispersed phase or the liquid phase as the continuous phase, and the gas phase as the dispersed phase;
  • the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the desulfurization and dust removal device is gas-liquid countercurrent, gas-liquid cocurrent, a gas-liquid staggered flow or a combination of the foregoing flow modes;
  • the calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology the acidic water separated by the acidic ash separation device can be firstly oxidized with oxygen or air, and then with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide slurry. Performing a neutralization reaction;
  • the calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology the acidic water which absorbs sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and dust from the desulfurization and dust removal device directly goes to the neutralization reaction device for neutralization reaction or directly
  • the oxidation reaction device is subjected to an oxidation reaction, or a calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide pulping device is involved in pulping of calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide and performing a neutralization reaction;
  • the calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology may be disposed between the neutralization reaction device and the oxidation reaction device;
  • the calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology, the neutralization reaction device and the oxidation reaction device can be added with a solid-liquid separation device to separate a part of the liquid phase; the separated liquid phase is dewatered Device or desulfurization dust removal device;
  • the calcium carbonate/calcium hydroxide-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology the reclaimed water treated by the wastewater treatment device is distributed for calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide pulping, used as a desulfurizing agent, and used in a system
  • the cleaning or delivery of each device is not limited to the aforementioned use.
  • the desulfurizing agent is in full contact with the original smoke, and the desulfurization and dust removal effects are good;
  • Desulfurization and dust removal, neutralization and oxidation processes are carried out separately, and the three processes can be separately refined;
  • the calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide slurry does not enter the absorption tower, and the water is used to absorb sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, and the absorption effect is good.
  • the inner part of the absorption tower and the tower wall have no scale, no wear, no nozzle blockage, and the equipment is continuously operated. Long cycle
  • Neutralization and oxidation operation is carried out in a tubular reactor with high-efficiency mixing elements.
  • the liquid-liquid and gas-liquid mixed mass transfer is sufficient, the neutralization and oxidation effect is good, the ratio of calcium to sulfur is small, and oxygen or air is introduced. The amount is small, and the raw material consumption and energy consumption are low.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a calcium carbonate-gypsum wet desulfurization dust removal technology using a tower reactor for desulfurization and dedusting, a tubular reactor for neutralization reaction and oxidation reaction;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a calcium carbonate-gypsum wet desulfurization and dust removal technology for desulfurization and dedusting using a tower reactor, first performing an oxidation reaction and then performing a neutralization reaction.
  • Figure 3 is a simplified calcium carbonate-gypsum wet process using a tower reactor for desulfurization and dedusting, a tubular reactor for neutralization and oxidation, an acid-free ash separation device, an acid ash washing device, and a ash separation device. Schematic diagram of the desulfurization and dust removal technology process.
  • the operation equipment used in Embodiment 1 includes: a flue gas heat exchanger 1, a desulfurization and dust removal device 2, a chimney 3, an acid ash separation device 4, a calcium carbonate pulping device 5, a neutralization reaction device 6, an oxidation reaction device 7, and a gypsum Primary separation device 8, gypsum dewatering device 9, acid ash slag washing device 10, ash separation device 11, wastewater treatment device 12, inter-equipment connecting line and intermediate tank, gas conveying device, liquid conveying device, control and display instrumentation and Various accessories; the operation process includes: a.
  • the original smoke is cooled by the flue gas heat exchanger 1 and then the desulfurization and dust removal device 2 contacts the absorbent entering the desulfurization and dust removal device 2 to remove sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and dust, and then smoke.
  • the gas heat exchanger 1 is heated and then discharged into the chimney 3; b. the acidic water absorbing sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and dust is introduced into the acid ash separation device 4 to separate the acidic water from the ash; c.
  • the acid ash separation device 4 The separated acidic water and the calcium carbonate slurry from the calcium carbonate pulping device 5 enter the neutralization reaction device 6 to carry out a neutralization reaction to form a neutralization liquid comprising calcium sulfite and a small amount of calcium sulfate; d.
  • the acid ash slag separated by the acid ash slag separation device 4 enters the acid ash slag washing device 10, uses the liquid phase for removing gypsum to add alkali or directly to the acidic ash slag Washing, the washed ash is separated again by the ash separation device 11 to obtain neutral ash to be sent out of the boundary; g. gypsum primary separation device 8, gypsum dewatering device 9, ash slag separation device 11 separated liquid phase into the wastewater treatment After the device 12 is processed, it is used as a desulfurizing agent and a calcium carbonate slurry, which is used as a system for cleaning or sending out the outside of the system.
  • a schematic diagram of the flow of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the desulfurization and dust removal device 2 used therein is a tower type device, and the original smoke is entered from the lower part of the tower, and the desulfurizing agent is The upper part of the tower enters, and the gas-liquid countercurrent contact completes the desulfurization and dedusting.
  • the desulfurizer is the reclaimed water treated by fresh water and desulfurization wastewater, and the desulfurizer is layered into the tower desulfurization device 2; the neutralization reaction device 6 and the oxidation reaction device 7 are straight pipes.
  • a tubular reactor composed of a curved pipe, wherein a straight pipe has a spoiler element for intensifying mixing of the fluid, and the material participating in the reaction flows, mixes, and reacts;
  • Embodiment 2 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the neutralization reaction device 6 used, the straight pipe of the acid ash washing device 4 is a commercially available static mixer, and the oxidation reaction device 7 used is a tower device.
  • the liquid and the liquid enter from the upper part of the oxidation reaction tower, oxygen oxygen or air enters from the lower part of the oxidation tower, and the oxidation reaction is completed by countercurrent contact.
  • the third embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment except that the acidic water separated by the acid ash separation device 4 is first subjected to an oxidation reaction and then subjected to a neutralization reaction; the schematic flow of the embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • Embodiment 4 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the desulfurization and dust removal device 2 used is a jet mixing reactor and a tubular reactor connected in series, and the jet reactor is used to draw a smoking gas with a desulfurizing agent and then enter the tubular reactor for gas. The liquid contact completes the desulfurization and dust removal.
  • the desulfurization and dust removal device 2 used is a jet mixing reactor and a tubular reactor connected in series, and the jet reactor is used to draw a smoking gas with a desulfurizing agent and then enter the tubular reactor for gas. The liquid contact completes the desulfurization and dust removal.
  • the embodiment 5 is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that the desulfurizing agent is fresh water, reclaimed water from the wastewater treatment device 12, and circulating acid water from the bottom of the desulfurization and dedusting tower 2; the three moisture layers enter the desulfurization device 2.
  • the desulfurizing agent is fresh water, reclaimed water from the wastewater treatment device 12, and circulating acid water from the bottom of the desulfurization and dedusting tower 2; the three moisture layers enter the desulfurization device 2.
  • the embodiment 6 is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that the acid ash separation device 4, the acid ash slag cleaning device 10 and the ash separation device 11 are not provided in the embodiment, and the acidic water directly neutralizes the reaction device 6; A schematic diagram of the process is shown in Figure 3.
  • Example 7 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the slurry used in the reaction in this example is a calcium hydroxide slurry.

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Abstract

一种碳酸钙／氢氧化钙－石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘方法。该方法以水为脱硫剂与原烟气接触完成脱硫除尘，净化后的烟气与原烟气换热后由烟囱（3）排出；脱硫后的含酸水溶液与酸性灰渣进行分离；含硫水溶液与碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液进行中和反应形成亚硫酸钙与硫酸钙；中和液与氧气（空气）进行氧化反应将亚硫酸钙转化成硫酸钙；氧化液经脱水得高品质石膏，废水经处理后的再生水循环用作脱硫剂、配制碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液或送出界外。脱硫除尘装置（2）无结垢、无磨损、无喷嘴堵塞。

Description

一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术 技术领域
本发明涉及一种烟气脱硫除尘技术，特别是涉及一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术。
背景技术
电厂锅炉、供热锅炉、冶金行业、化工行业等排放的烟气含有的二氧化硫及三氧化硫是当今人类面临的主要大气污染物之一。所有国家均相继制定了严格的法规标准，限制排放烟气中的硫含量。
目前控制排放烟气中硫含量的技术包括干法脱硫、半干法脱硫和湿法脱硫。其中湿法烟气脱硫约占烟气脱硫的85％左右。在湿法脱硫技术中，碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏法又是使用最多的一种技术。
碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术主要包括采用配制好的碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液在吸收塔内与含硫烟气进行接触，完成吸收、中和和氧化反应，再将经上述反应后形成的石膏浆液进行脱水，得脱硫副产物石膏。该法采用吸收、中和、氧化反应在同一设备内进行，操作控制复杂，且采用碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液进入吸收塔极易造成塔内结垢和喷嘴堵塞而影响正常操作，造成脱硫效果不理想且副产石膏品质不高。
开发一种操作控制简单，且可克服已有技术出现的结垢及喷嘴堵塞而影响正常脱硫操作的新的碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法脱硫除尘技术，用于新建或对已建的碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法脱硫技术进行提升，提高脱硫效率、降低运行成本、提高副产石膏的品质及保证装置长周期运行具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法脱硫技术，该技术采用水为脱硫剂，脱硫剂与原烟接触充分，脱硫与除尘效果好；脱硫除尘与中和及氧化过程分别进行，可对三个过程分别进行精细化操作；在中和与氧化过程前进行了高效除尘并将灰渣分离，所得副产石膏中无灰渣，石膏品质高。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法脱硫技术，所述技术包括以下操作装备和操作过程：
A、所述的操作装备包括：烟气换热器、脱硫除尘装置、烟囱、酸性灰渣分离装置、碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆装置、中和反应装置、氧化反应装置、石膏初分离装置、石膏脱水装置、酸性灰渣洗涤装置、灰渣分离装置、废水处理装置、设备间连接管线和中间罐、气体输送装置、液体输送装置、控制及显示仪器仪表及各种附件。中和反应装置和氧化反应装置、酸性灰渣洗涤装置优选为管式反应器或喷射反应器与管式反应器组合，管式反应器内设置对物料有扰动作用的动、静态混合元件或为空管。
B、所述的操作过程包括：
a.原烟经烟气换热器降温后进脱硫除尘装置与进入脱硫除尘装置的吸收剂接触脱除灰尘、二氧化硫和三氧化硫，再经烟气换热器升温后进入烟囱排出；
b.吸收了二氧化硫、三氧化硫及灰尘的酸性水进酸性灰渣分离装置进行酸性水与灰渣的分离；
c.酸性灰渣分离装置分离出的酸性水与来自碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆装置的碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液进入中和反应装置进行中和反应生成包括亚硫酸钙和少量硫酸钙的中和液；
d.出中和反应装置的中和液与氧气或空气进入氧化反应装置，将中和液中的亚硫酸钙氧化成硫酸钙；
e.出氧化反应装置的含硫酸钙悬浮液经石膏初分离装置、石膏脱水装置脱除水份后获得石膏；
f.酸性灰渣分离装置分离出的酸性灰渣进酸性灰渣洗涤装置，采用脱除石膏的液相加碱或直接对酸性灰渣进行洗涤，洗涤后的灰渣经灰渣分离装置再次分离得中性灰渣送出界外；
g.石膏初分离装置、石膏脱水装置、灰渣分离装置分离出的液相进废水处理装置处理后循环用做脱硫剂、配制碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液，用做系统各装置清洗或送出界外；
所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，进入脱硫除尘装置的吸收剂为新鲜水、或新鲜水与来自废水处理装置的再生水、或新鲜水与来自废水处理装置的再生水及酸性灰渣分离装置分离出的酸性水；
所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，脱硫除尘装置内气、 液两相的接触方式采用气相为连续相、液相为分散相或液相为连续相、气相为分散相；脱硫除尘装置内气液两相的流动方式为气液逆流、气液并流、气液交错流或前述流动方式的组合；
所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，酸性灰渣分离装置分离出的酸性水可先与氧气或空气进行氧化反应，再与碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液进行中和反应；
所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，出脱硫除尘装置的吸收了二氧化硫、三氧化硫及灰尘的酸性水直接去中和反应装置进行中和反应或直接去氧化反应装置进行氧化反应，或去碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆装置参与碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆并进行中和反应；
所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，中和反应装置和氧化反应装置间可设置气液分离装置；
所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，中和反应装置和氧化反应装置间可增设固液分离装置分离出部分液相；分离出的液相去废水处理装置或去脱硫除尘装置；
所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，废水处理装置处理后的再生水分配用于碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆、用于做为脱硫剂、用于系统各装置的清洗或送出界外并不限于前述用途。
本发明的优点与效果是：
1.采用水为脱硫剂，脱硫剂与原烟接触充分，脱硫与除尘效果好；
2.脱硫除尘与中和及氧化过程分别进行，可对三个过程分别进行精细化操作；
3.在中和与氧化过程前进行了高效除尘并将灰渣分离，所得副产石膏中无灰渣，石膏品质高；
4.碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液不进吸收塔，采用水对二氧化硫和三氧化硫进行吸收，吸收效果好，吸收塔内件及塔壁无结垢、无磨损、喷嘴无堵塞，设备连续运行周期长；
5.中和与氧化操作在带有高效混合元件的管式反应器内进行，液-液与气-液混合传质充分，中和与氧化效果好，钙硫比小，氧气或空气通入量小，原料消耗与能量消耗低。
附图说明
图1是采用塔式反应器进行脱硫除尘、管式反应器进行中和反应与氧化反应的碳酸钙-石膏湿法脱硫除尘技术流程简图；
图2是采用塔式反应器进行脱硫除尘，先进行氧化反应、再进行中和反应的碳酸钙-石膏湿法脱硫除尘技术流程简图。
图3是简化的采用塔式反应器进行脱硫除尘、管式反应器进行中和反应与氧化反应，无酸性灰渣分离装置、酸性灰渣洗涤装置、灰渣分离装置的碳酸钙-石膏湿法脱硫除尘技术流程简图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
实施例1所用的操作装备包括：烟气换热器1、脱硫除尘装置2、烟囱3、酸性灰渣分离装置4、碳酸钙制浆装置5、中和反应装置6、氧化反应装置7、石膏初分离装置8、石膏脱水装置9、酸性灰渣洗涤装置10、灰渣分离装置11、废水处理装置12、设备间连接管线和中间罐、气体输送装置、液体输送装置、控制及显示仪器仪表及各种附件；所用的操作过程包括：a.原烟经烟气换热器1降温后进脱硫除尘装置2与进入脱硫除尘装置2的吸收剂接触脱除二氧化硫、三氧化硫和灰尘，再经烟气换热器1升温后进入烟囱3排出；b.吸收了二氧化硫、三氧化硫及灰尘的酸性水进酸性灰渣分离装置4进行酸性水与灰渣的分离；c.酸性灰渣分离装置4分离出的酸性水与来自碳酸钙制浆装置5的碳酸钙浆液进入中和反应装置6进行中和反应生成包括亚硫酸钙和少量硫酸钙的中和液；d.出中和反应装置6的中和液与氧气氧气或空气进入氧化反应装置7，将中和液中的亚硫酸钙氧化成硫酸钙；e.出氧化反应装置7的含硫酸钙悬浮液经石膏初分离装置8、石膏脱水装置9脱除水份后获得石膏；f.酸性灰渣分离装置4分离出的酸性灰渣进酸性灰渣洗涤装置10，采用脱除石膏的液相加碱或直接对酸性灰渣进行洗涤，洗涤后的灰渣经灰渣分离装置11再次分离得中性灰渣送出界外；g.石膏初分离装置8、石膏脱水装置9、灰渣分离装置11分离出的液相进废水处理装置12处理后循环用做脱硫剂、配置碳酸钙浆液，用做系统各装置清洗或送出界外。该实施例流程简图见图1。
其中所用的脱硫除尘装置2为塔式设备，原烟由塔下部进入，脱硫剂由 塔上部进入，气液逆流接触完成脱硫除尘，脱硫剂为新鲜水和脱硫废水处理后的再生水，脱硫剂分层进入塔式脱硫装置2；所用中和反应装置6、氧化反应装置7为直管与曲管构成的管式反应器，直管内设有对流体强化混合的扰流元件，参与反应的物料边流动、边混合、边反应；
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于所用的中和反应装置6、酸性灰渣洗涤装置4的直管为市售静态混合器；所用的氧化反应装置7为塔式设备，中和液由氧化反应塔上部进入，氧气氧气或空气由氧化塔下部进入，逆流接触完成氧化反应。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于酸性灰渣分离装置4分离出的酸性水先进行氧化反应再进行中和反应；该实施例流程简图见图2。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于所用的脱硫除尘装置2为喷射混合反应器和管式反应器串联，由喷射反应器用脱硫剂抽吸烟气后进入管式反应器进行气液接触完成脱硫与除尘。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于脱硫剂为新鲜水、来自废水处理装置12的再生水及来自脱硫除尘塔2底部的循环酸水；三种水分层进入脱硫装置2。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于本实施例不设置酸性灰渣分离装置4、酸性灰渣洗涤装置10和灰渣分离装置11，酸性水直接去中和反应装置6；该实施例流程简图见图3。
实施例7
实施例7与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于本实施例中和反应所用的浆液为氢氧化钙浆液。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏法烟气脱硫除尘技术，其特征在于所述技术包括以下操作装备和操作过程：
    A.操作装备包括：烟气换热器(1)、脱硫除尘装置(2)、烟囱(3)、酸性灰渣分离装置(4)、碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆装置(5)、中和反应装置(6)、氧化反应装置(7)、石膏初分离装置(8)、石膏脱水装置(9)、酸性灰渣洗涤装置(10)、灰渣分离装置(11)、废水处理装置(12)、设备间连接管线和中间罐、气体输送装置、液体输送装置、控制及显示仪器仪表及附件；中和反应装置(6)和氧化反应装置(7)、酸性灰渣洗涤装置(10)优选为管式反应器或喷射反应器与管式反应器组合，管式反应器内设置对物料有扰动作用的动、静态混合元件或为空管；
    B.操作过程包括：
    a.原烟经烟气换热器(1)降温后进脱硫除尘装置(2)与进入脱硫除尘装置的吸收剂接触脱除灰尘、二氧化硫和三氧化硫，再经烟气换热器(1)升温后进入烟囱(3)排出；
    b.吸收了二氧化硫、三氧化硫及灰尘的酸性水进酸性灰渣分离装置(4)进行酸性水与灰渣的分离；
    c.酸性灰渣分离装置(4)分离出的酸性水与来自碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆装置(5)的碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液进入中和反应装置(6)进行中和反应生成包括亚硫酸钙和少量硫酸钙的中和液；
    d.出中和反应装置(6)的中和液与氧气(空气)进入氧化反应装置(7)，将中和液中的亚硫酸钙氧化成硫酸钙；
    e.出氧化反应装置(7)的含硫酸钙悬浮液经石膏初分离装置(8)、石膏脱水装置(9)脱除水份后获得石膏；
    f.酸性灰渣分离装置(4)分离出的酸性灰渣进酸性灰渣洗涤装置(10)，采用脱除石膏的液相加碱或直接对酸性灰渣进行洗涤，洗涤后的灰渣经灰渣分离装置(11)再次分离得中性灰渣送出界外；
    g.石膏初分离装置(8)、石膏脱水装置(9)、灰渣分离装置(11)分离出的液相进废水处理装置(12)处理后循环用做脱硫剂、配制碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液，用做系统各装置清洗或送出界外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，其 特征在于，进入脱硫除尘装置(2)的吸收剂为新鲜水、或新鲜水与来自废水处理装置(12)的再生水、或新鲜水与来自废水处理装置(12)的再生水及酸性灰渣分离装置(4)分离出的酸性水。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，其特征在于，脱硫除尘装置(2)内气、液两相的接触方式采用气相为连续相、液相为分散相或液相为连续相、气相为分散相；脱硫除尘装置(2)内气液两相的流动方式为气液逆流、气液并流、气液交错流或前述流动方式的组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，其特征在于，酸性灰渣分离装置(4)分离出的酸性水可先与氧气(空气)进行氧化反应，再与碳酸钙或氢氧化钙浆液进行中和反应。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，其特征在于，出脱硫除尘装置(2)的吸收了二氧化硫、三氧化硫及灰尘的酸性水直接去中和反应装置(6)进行中和反应或直接去氧化反应装置(7)进行氧化反应，或去碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆装置(5)参与碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆并进行中和反应。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，其特征在于，中和反应装置(6)和氧化反应装置(7)间可设置气液分离装置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，其特征在于，中和反应装置(6)和氧化反应装置(7)间可增设固液分离装置分离出部分液相；分离出的液相去废水处理装置(12)或去脱硫除尘装置(2)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙/氢氧化钙-石膏湿法烟气脱硫除尘技术，其特征在于，废水处理装置(12)处理后的再生水分配用于碳酸钙或氢氧化钙制浆、用于做为脱硫剂、用于系统各装置的清洗或送出界外并不限于前述用途。
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