WO2017000708A1 - 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法 - Google Patents

一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017000708A1
WO2017000708A1 PCT/CN2016/083092 CN2016083092W WO2017000708A1 WO 2017000708 A1 WO2017000708 A1 WO 2017000708A1 CN 2016083092 W CN2016083092 W CN 2016083092W WO 2017000708 A1 WO2017000708 A1 WO 2017000708A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
granularity
power line
fine
subband
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2016/083092
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆阳
刘伟麟
李建岐
安春燕
高鸿坚
赵涛
褚广斌
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co Ltd
Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co Ltd
Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co Ltd, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co Ltd
Publication of WO2017000708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017000708A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/023—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals, e.g. multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiple access [OFDMA]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power communications, and in particular to a cross-band power line carrier frequency cognition method based on fine frequency granularity.
  • Power Line Communication (PLC) technology is a communication method that uses power lines as a communication medium to transmit data information.
  • Conventional power line communication technology loads modulated high-frequency carrier signals on existing power lines. Communication, therefore, power line communication is commonly referred to as power line carrier communication.
  • the PLC technology generally includes: a high-voltage power line carrier communication using a high-voltage transmission line of a voltage level of 35 kV and above as a communication medium, and a medium-voltage power line carrier communication using a medium-voltage transmission line of a voltage level of 10 kV as a communication medium.
  • low-voltage power line carrier communication using a low-voltage transmission line of 380/220V voltage level as a communication medium.
  • conventional PLC technologies for smart grid applications operate in a pre-specified frequency range, typically 30-500 kHz for narrowband PLCs and 2-30 MHz for wideband PLCs.
  • the traditional narrow-band PLC is easy to implement, but the transmission rate is low and the anti-interference ability is weak; the broadband PLC has a high transmission rate and can carry many services, but often the single-hop communication distance is limited.
  • power line channel characteristics such as noise and attenuation have significant frequency selectivity characteristics, and are affected by factors such as grid topology, line characteristics and load characteristics, showing geographically relevant differences and unpredictability.
  • the practical application shows that the PLC adopts a single working frequency, which is difficult to achieve full coverage under different channel conditions and application scenarios, which is easy to cause communication blind spots, and its link stability cannot meet the communication requirements of the smart grid service.
  • the present invention provides a cross-band power line carrier frequency cognition method based on fine frequency granularity, and performs different frequency bands such as low frequency, intermediate frequency, and high frequency by expanding the cross-band of the PLC communication frequency resource.
  • the recognition of fine frequency granularity enables PLC to fully search for communicable frequencies and establish stable communication links under extremely harsh channel conditions, improving the ability of PLC to flexibly cope with differentiated power line channel environments, and adapting to the future of PLC technology.
  • the direction of development is based on fine frequency granularity, and performs different frequency bands such as low frequency, intermediate frequency, and high frequency by expanding the cross-band of the PLC communication frequency resource.
  • a cross-band power line carrier frequency cognition method based on fine frequency granularity which is improved in that it comprises:
  • the quality indicates a threshold frequency of available fine frequency granularity subbands and spectrally aggregates the available fine frequency granularity subbands.
  • the primary station is a PLC device in the PLC system
  • the secondary station is a PLC device adjacent to the primary station
  • the uplink is the slave station to the primary station.
  • the link in the direction, the downlink is the link from the primary station to the secondary station.
  • the low frequency frequency is 30 kHz to 500 kHz
  • the intermediate frequency frequency is 500 kHz to 1.6 MHz
  • the high frequency frequency is 1.6 MHz to 30 MHz.
  • the fine frequency granularity characteristics of the low frequency, the intermediate frequency and the high frequency comprise: the low frequency fine frequency granularity characteristic is a low frequency fine frequency granularity subband width of 1 kHz to 10 kHz, the intermediate frequency fine frequency The granularity is characterized by an intermediate frequency fine frequency granularity sub-band width of 10 kHz to 100 kHz, and a high frequency fine frequency granularity characteristic of a high frequency fine frequency granularity sub-band width of 100 kHz to 1 MHz.
  • the power line channel noise of the primary station and the secondary station at the current time and the operating frequency are respectively measured, including:
  • the measurement resolution bandwidth is from 1 kHz to 30 kHz
  • the power line channel noise formula of the primary station and the secondary station at the current time and the operating frequency is:
  • Noise ave (t) is the average value of the noise measurement results measured N times at time t, N ⁇ (1, 10), and Noise ave (t-1) is t-1 time N- The average value of the noise measurement results obtained from one measurement, and Noise meas (t) is the noise power measured at time t.
  • step (6) calculating the power line channel attenuation of the downlink at the current time and the operating frequency, including: using the primary station as a transmitting end, the secondary station as a receiving end, the sending The terminal sends the frequency sweep signal to the receiving end;
  • the power line channel attenuation of the downlink is the strength of the swept signal sent by the transmitting end minus the signal strength received by the receiving end.
  • step (6) calculating the power line channel attenuation of the uplink at the current time and the operating frequency, including: using the slave station as a transmitting end, the master station as a receiving end, the sending The terminal sends the frequency sweep signal to the receiving end; the power line channel attenuation of the uplink is the strength of the frequency sweep signal sent by the transmitting end minus the signal strength received by the receiving end.
  • the link quality indication LQI of the uplink and the downlink in the current time and the working frequency are respectively calculated, including:
  • the link quality indication threshold is: a minimum value of the link quality indicator LQI of the uplink and the downlink in the current time and the operating frequency. Add 5-15dB.
  • spectrum aggregation is performed on the available fine frequency granularity subband, including:
  • a cross-band power line carrier frequency cognition method based on fine frequency granularity proposed by the present invention can extend the selection range of PLC operating frequency to a cross-band from tens of kilohertz to several tens of megahertz, covering The low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency bands break the narrowing of the traditional PLC operating frequency and the division of the broadband, which improves the frequency utilization and flexibility of selection.
  • link quality indication LQI is introduced as an important parameter indicator of power line carrier frequency cognition, which can objectively reflect channel quality at different frequencies.
  • the principle is simple and easy to implement.
  • Multi-band parallel transmission is realized by aggregating the available fine frequency granularity sub-bands satisfying the link quality indication LQI threshold, thereby improving the support capability of the PLC for the smart grid service.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cross-band power line carrier frequency cognition method based on fine frequency granularity according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power line carrier communication system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power line carrier communication system model
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-band PLC operating frequency selection range
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the results of sub-bands of fine frequency granularity that satisfy the characteristics of fine frequency granularity without overlapping each other;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the result of measuring local channel noise
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing measurement channel attenuation results
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of obtaining a sub-band of available fine frequency granularity according to an LQI threshold
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of spectrum aggregation of available fine frequency granularity sub-bands
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of an implementation process of a cross-band power line carrier frequency cognition method based on fine frequency granularity according to the present invention.
  • the invention provides a cross-band power line carrier frequency cognition method based on fine frequency granularity, as shown in FIG. 1 , comprising:
  • the main station is a PLC device in the PLC system
  • the slave station is a PLC device adjacent to the main station, uplink
  • uplink The way is the link from the slave station to the direction of the primary station
  • the downlink is the link from the primary station to the secondary station.
  • the power line carrier communication system is composed of a power line carrier communication device and a power line channel.
  • the power line carrier communication device is responsible for the coupling and extraction of the high frequency carrier signal on the power line.
  • the power line channel is a power network composed of a plurality of power lines and various power facilities and electrical equipment, although the actual PLC network structure is relatively complicated, but the phase
  • the neighboring two PLC devices can be regarded as a point-to-point topology, and one of the PLC devices is the master station, and the other PLC device is the slave station.
  • the primary station and the secondary station are connected by a power line channel, and the link from the primary station to the secondary station is called the downlink, and the link from the secondary station to the primary station is called the uplink.
  • the high frequency carrier signal transmitted by the PLC device connected to the power line network is transmitted through the power line channel.
  • the signal will be attenuated when transmitted on the power line channel.
  • various noise and interference signals in the power grid will be superimposed on the carrier signal, and the space short-wave radio signal will also be coupled to the asymmetric power line to form narrow-band interference. All of these noises and attenuations are frequency selective and closely related to the topology, line characteristics, load characteristics and other factors of the power grid at different locations, which affects the performance of the PLC system in the traditional fixed operating frequency mode.
  • the low frequency frequency is 30 kHz to 500 kHz
  • the intermediate frequency frequency is 500 kHz to 1.6 MHz
  • the high frequency frequency is 1.6 MHz to 30 MHz.
  • the cross-band PLC operating frequency selection range from 150 kHz to 11.6 MHz covers the low frequency band from 150 kHz to 500 kHz, the IF band from 500 kHz to 1.6 MHz, and the high frequency band from 1.6 MHz to 11.6 MHz. .
  • low frequency fine frequency granularity characteristic is low frequency fine frequency granularity sub-band width is 1 kHz to 10 kHz
  • medium frequency fine frequency granularity characteristic is intermediate frequency fine frequency granularity
  • the sub-band width is 10 kHz to 100 kHz
  • the high-frequency fine-frequency granularity is characterized by a high-frequency fine-frequency granularity sub-band width of 100 kHz to 1 MHz.
  • different frequency bands such as low-frequency, intermediate-frequency, and high-frequency are respectively divided into sub-bands that satisfy fine-frequency granularity characteristics, wherein The divided sub-bands may overlap each other or may not overlap each other;
  • a low frequency band of 350 kHz to 500 kHz with a total bandwidth of 350 kHz is divided into a low frequency fine frequency granularity sub-band width of 10 kHz with a total of 35 low frequency fine frequency granular sub-bands;
  • the intermediate frequency band with a total bandwidth of 1.1 MHz of 1.6 MHz is divided into 55 kHz as the intermediate frequency fine frequency granularity sub-band width, and a total of 20 intermediate frequency fine frequency granular sub-bands; a total of 10 MHz bandwidth from 1.6 MHz to 11.6 MHz
  • the high-frequency frequency bands are divided into sub-band widths of 500 kHz as high-frequency fine-frequency granularity without overlapping, and a total of 20 high-frequency fine-frequency granularity sub-bands.
  • the power line channel noise of the primary station and the secondary station at the current time and the operating frequency are respectively measured, including:
  • the measurement resolution bandwidth is from 1 kHz to 30 kHz
  • the power line channel noise formula of the primary station and the secondary station at the current time and the operating frequency is:
  • Noise ave (t) is the average value of the noise measurement results measured N times at time t
  • N is the number of measurements
  • Noise ave (t-1) is t -1
  • Noise meas (t) is the noise power measured at time t.
  • the primary station and the secondary station measure the local channel noise of low frequency (150-500 kHz), intermediate frequency (500 kHz-1.6 MHz) and high frequency (1.6-11.6 MHz) according to the order from low frequency to high frequency, according to the formula.
  • (1-1) With 10 kHz Resolution Band-Width (RBW), and using multiple measurements to average the method to improve the accuracy of the measurement results, PLC slave noise measurement results shown in Figure 6;
  • the calculating the downlink power line channel attenuation at the current time and the working frequency includes: using the primary station as a transmitting end, the secondary station serving as a receiving end, and the sending end sending the frequency sweeping signal to the receiving end.
  • the power line channel attenuation of the downlink is the strength of the swept signal sent by the transmitting end minus the signal strength received by the receiving end.
  • Calculating the power line channel attenuation of the uplink in the current time and the working frequency comprising: using the slave station as a transmitting end, the primary station as a receiving end, and the sending end sending the frequency sweeping signal to the receiving end;
  • the power line channel attenuation of the uplink is the strength of the swept signal sent by the transmitting end minus the signal strength received by the receiving end.
  • the two-way channel attenuation is measured.
  • the channel attenuation measurement result is obtained by the method of averaging multiple measurements, and the PLC master station to the slave station is down.
  • Link channel attenuation measurement The result is shown in Figure 7;
  • the link quality indication LQI of the uplink and the downlink in the current time and the working frequency are respectively calculated, including:
  • the link quality indicator LQI indicates the transmit signal power required by the transmitting end at the frequency when the receiving end reaches a 0 dB signal to noise ratio according to the current resolution bandwidth at a certain frequency.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving end can be obtained by subtracting the LQI from the actual transmitted signal power of the transmitting end at the frequency, as shown in FIG. 8;
  • the quality indicates a threshold frequency of available fine frequency granularity subbands and spectrally aggregates the available fine frequency granularity subbands.
  • the link quality indication threshold is: a minimum value of the link quality indicator LQI of the uplink and the downlink at the current time and the operating frequency plus 5-15 dB.
  • the secondary station For the uplink LQI of the uplink station, the secondary station sets an appropriate LQI threshold for the LQI of the downlink, and selects the fine frequency granularity of the uplink and downlink respectively according to whether the LQI threshold is satisfied. Subband, if the LQI of all frequency points in a subband is less than the LQI threshold, the subband is the preferred fine frequency granularity available subband. Calculating the LQI of the downlink according to the power line channel noise and attenuation measurement results of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, and obtaining the available fine frequency granularity sub-band according to the LQI threshold, as shown in FIG. 9;
  • the primary station and the secondary station respectively aggregate the preferred fine frequency granularity available sub-bands by spectrum aggregation technology to construct a multi-band parallel transmission channel, thereby effectively improving the spectrum utilization rate, communication rate, and bandwidth configuration flexibility of the PLC. Meet the transmission requirements of smart grid services with high real-time requirements.
  • it is prescribed to perform spectrum aggregation on the available fine-frequency granular sub-bands, as shown in the figure. 10, including:
  • the implementation process of the cross-band power line carrier frequency cognition method based on the fine frequency granularity provided by the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, includes:
  • the primary station actively initiates a frequency cognition process, and sends a noise measurement frame to specify a time for measuring local channel noise. After the station completes the noise measurement, it sends an ACK confirmation to the primary station, and the primary station starts local channel noise measurement until completion;
  • the primary station transmits an attenuation measurement frame to initiate downlink attenuation measurement, the secondary station sends an ACK acknowledgement to the primary station, and the primary station receives the ACK signal and performs downlink attenuation measurement.
  • the slave station transmits the attenuation measurement frame to start the uplink attenuation measurement, the primary station sends an ACK confirmation to the slave station, and the slave station receives the ACK signal and performs uplink attenuation measurement.
  • the secondary station After the noise and attenuation measurements are completed, the secondary station performs downlink LQI calculation, preferably selects the available fine frequency granularity sub-band of the downlink, completes spectrum aggregation, and finally feeds back the determined downlink operating frequency information to the primary station.
  • the primary station After receiving the information, the primary station performs uplink LQI calculation, preferably obtains the available fine frequency granularity sub-band of the uplink, completes spectrum aggregation, and finally feeds back the determined uplink working frequency information to the secondary station.
  • the slave station After receiving the information, the slave station sends an ACK confirmation to the master station, thereby completing the frequency awareness of the PLC master station and the slave station.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法，包括：构建电力线载波通信系统模型；将工作频率分为低频、中频和高频并根据细频率颗粒度特征，获取低频细频率颗粒度子频带、中频细频率颗粒度子频带和高频细频率颗粒度子频带；测量主站和从站的电力线信道噪声；计算上行链路和下行链路的电力线信道衰减；计算上行链路和下行链路的链路质量指示LQI；设置链路质量指示门限值，获取可用细频率颗粒度子频带，并对可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频谱聚合；能够通过对PLC通信频率资源跨频带的拓展，对低频、中频、高频等不同频带分别进行细频率颗粒度的认知，从而使得PLC能够在极端恶劣的信道条件下充分搜索可通信频率并建立稳定的通信链路。

Description

一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电力通信领域，具体涉及一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法。
背景技术
电力线载波通信(Power Line Communication，PLC)技术是一种利用电力线路作为通信媒介来传输数据信息的通信方式，常规的电力线通信技术是在已有的电力线路上，加载经过调制的高频载波信号进行通信，因此，电力线通信通常称之为电力线载波通信。按照载波通信线路的电压等级，PLC技术一般包括：将35kV及以上电压等级的高压输电线路作为通信媒介的高压电力线载波通信，将10kV电压等级的中压输电线路作为通信媒介的中压电力线载波通信，以及将380/220V电压等级的低压输电线路作为通信媒介的低压电力线载波通信。
目前，常规面向智能电网应用的PLC技术均工作在预先规定的频率范围内，典型的包括窄带PLC的30-500kHz、宽带PLC的2-30MHz。传统窄带PLC易于实现，但传输速率低、抗干扰能力弱；宽带PLC传输速率高、可承载业务多，但往往单跳通信距离受限。事实上，噪声、衰减等电力线信道特性具有显著的频率选择性特征，且受电网拓扑结构、线路特性和负载特点等因素影响，呈现出与地域相关的差异性和不可预测性。实际应用表明，PLC采用单一工作频率，难以实现在不同信道条件、应用场景下的全覆盖，易造成通信盲点，其链路稳定性无法满足智能电网业务的通信需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法，通过对PLC通信频率资源跨频带的拓展，对低频、中频、高频等不同频带分别进行细频率颗粒度的认知，从而使得PLC能够在极端恶劣的信道条件下充分搜索可通信频率并建立稳定的通信链路，提高了PLC灵活应对差异化电力线信道环境的能力，适应了PLC技术未来的发展方向。
本发明的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的：
一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法，其改进之处在于，包括：
(1)构建由主站、从站、上行链路和下行链路组成的电力线载波通信系统模型；
(2)将工作频率分为低频、中频和高频；
(3)根据低频、中频和高频的细频率颗粒度特征，分别对低频、中频和高频的带宽以重叠或不重叠的方式进行划分；
(4)获取低频细频率颗粒度子频带、中频细频率颗粒度子频带和高频细频率颗粒度子频带；
(5)分别测量当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声；
(6)分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减和所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减；
(7)分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI；
(8)设置链路质量指示门限值，获取当前时刻和细频率颗粒度子频带全部频点对应的所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI均小于所述链路质量指示门限值的可用细频率颗粒度子频带，并对所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频谱聚合。
优选的，所述步骤(1)中，主站为PLC系统中的一台PLC设备，从站为与主站相邻的一台PLC设备，上行链路为所述从站至所述主站方向的链路，下行链路为所述主站至所述从站方向的链路。
优选的，所述步骤(2)中，所述低频频率为30kHz至500kHz，所述中频频率为500kHz至1.6MHz，所述高频频率为1.6MHz至30MHz。
优选的，所述步骤(3)中，所述低频、中频和高频的细频率颗粒度特征包括：低频细频率颗粒度特征为低频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为1kHz至10kHz，中频细频率颗粒度特征为中频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为10kHz至100kHz，高频细频率颗粒度特征为高频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为100kHz至1MHz。
优选的，所述步骤(5)中，分别测量当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声，包括：
测量分辨率带宽为1kHz至30kHz，当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声公式为：
Figure PCTCN2016083092-appb-000001
式(1-1)中，Noiseave(t)为t时刻N次测量得到的噪声测量结果的平均值，N∈(1,10)，Noiseave(t-1)为t-1时刻N-1次测量得到的噪声测量结果的平均值，Noisemeas(t)为t时刻测量得到的噪声功率。
优选的，所述步骤(6)中，计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减，包括：将所述主站作为发送端，所述从站作为接收端，所述发送端将扫频信号发送至接收端； 所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减为发送端发送的所述扫频信号强度减去接收端接收的信号强度。
优选的，所述步骤(6)中，计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减，包括：将所述从站作为发送端，所述主站作为接收端，所述发送端将扫频信号发送至接收端；所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减为发送端发送的所述扫频信号强度减去接收端接收的信号强度。
优选的，所述步骤(7)中，分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI，包括：
上行链路的链路质量指示LQI＝主站的电力线信道噪声+上行链路的电力线信道衰减；
下行链路的链路质量指示LQI＝从站的电力线信道噪声+下行链路的电力线信道衰减。
优选的，所述步骤(8)中，所述链路质量指示门限值为：所述当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI的最小值加5-15dB。
优选的，所述步骤(8)中，对所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频谱聚合，包括：
分别对所述低频细频率颗粒度子频带、中频细频率颗粒度子频带和高频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频带内频谱聚合；
对所述低频细频率颗粒度子频带和所述中频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行跨频带频谱聚合；
对所述中频细频率颗粒度子频带和所述高频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行跨频带频谱聚合。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明提出的一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法，能够将PLC工作频率的选择范围拓展至从几十千赫兹到几十兆赫兹的跨频带，涵盖了低频、中频和高频频段，打破了传统PLC工作频率窄带和宽带的分割，提高了频率利用率及选择的灵活性。
(2)将低频、中频和高频等不同频带各自分别划分成满足细频率颗粒度特征的子频带，实现了更精细的频率认知，使得在极端恶劣的信道条件下，也可保证PLC通信接入。
(3)在PLC主站、从站对电力线信道噪声、衰减进行测量的基础上，引入了链路质量指示LQI作为电力线载波频率认知的重要参数指标，能够客观反映不同频率处的信道质量，原理简单、易于实现。
(4)通过将满足链路质量指示LQI门限的可用细频率颗粒度子频带聚合起来，实现多频带并行传输，提高了PLC对智能电网业务的支撑能力。
(5)考虑了电力线信道的双向不对称性，支持对从站至主站上行链路、主站至从站下行链路分别认知选择合适的工作频率。
(6)能够进一步扩展到多个PLC节点组网的场景，通过为每条链路认知选择合适的工作频率，可实现多频组网，有效提高了PLC网络的覆盖性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法流程图；
图2是电力线载波通信系统结构示意图；
图3是电力线载波通信系统模型示意图；
图4是跨频带PLC工作频率选择范围示意图；
图5是以相互不重叠的方式划分满足细频率颗粒度特征的细频率颗粒度子频带结果示意图；
图6是测量本地信道噪声的结果示意图；
图7是测量信道衰减结果示意图；
图8是计算链路质量指示LQI结果示意图；
图9是依据LQI门限获取可用细频率颗粒度子频带示意图；
图10是可用细频率颗粒度子频带频谱聚合示意图；
图11是本发明一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法实施流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供的一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法，如图1所示，包括：
(1)构建由主站、从站、上行链路和下行链路组成的电力线载波通信系统模型；
其中，主站为PLC系统中的一台PLC设备，从站为与主站相邻的一台PLC设备，上行链 路为所述从站至所述主站方向的链路，下行链路为所述主站至所述从站方向的链路。
例如：如图2所示，电力线载波通信系统由电力线载波通信设备和电力线信道两部分组成。电力线载波通信设备负责高频载波信号在电力线上的耦合和提取，电力线信道是由包含多条电力线路及各种电力设施和用电设备组成的电力网络，尽管实际PLC网络结构较为复杂，但相邻的两台PLC设备均可以看成是点到点的拓扑结构，并规定其中一台PLC设备为主站，另外一台PLC设备为从站。主站和从站间通过电力线信道进行连接，主站至从站方向的链路称为下行链路，从站至主站方向的链路称为上行链路。
如图3所示，接入到电力线网络中的PLC设备发出的高频载波信号通过电力线信道进行传输。信号在电力线信道上传输时会产生衰减，同时，电网中的各种噪声和干扰信号会叠加到载波信号上，空间的中短波无线电信号也会耦合到不对称的电力线上，形成窄带干扰。所有这些噪声、衰减均具有频率选择性，且与不同地点电网的拓扑结构、线路特性、负载特点等因素密切相关，对传统固定工作频率模式的PLC系统性能造成影响。
(2)将工作频率分为低频、中频和高频；
其中，所述低频频率为30kHz至500kHz，所述中频频率为500kHz至1.6MHz，所述高频频率为1.6MHz至30MHz。
将PLC工作频率的选择范围拓展至从几十千赫兹到几十兆赫兹的跨频带，涵盖了低频、中频和高频等不同频带，从而打破了传统PLC窄带、宽带的频率分割，提高了可通信频率资源利用率，以及频率选择的灵活性；
例如：如图4所示，从150kHz至11.6MHz的跨频带PLC工作频率选择范围，其中涵盖了150kHz至500kHz的低频频带，500kHz至1.6MHz的中频频带和1.6MHz至11.6MHz的高频频带。
(3)根据低频、中频和高频的细频率颗粒度特征，分别对低频、中频和高频的带宽以重叠或不重叠的方式进行划分；
其中，所述低频、中频和高频的细频率颗粒度特征包括：低频细频率颗粒度特征为低频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为1kHz至10kHz，中频细频率颗粒度特征为中频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为10kHz至100kHz，高频细频率颗粒度特征为高频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为100kHz至1MHz。
考虑到电力线信道低频、中频和高频频带在带宽、信道特性、适用环境等方面的差异，将低频、中频和高频等不同频带各自分别划分成满足细频率颗粒度特征的子频带，其中，所划分的子频带之间可以相互重叠，也可以相互不重叠；
例如：如图5所示，将150kHz至500kHz共350kHz带宽的低频频带，相互不重叠地划分成以10kHz为低频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度，共计35个低频细频率颗粒度子频带；将500kHz至1.6MHz共1.1MHz带宽的中频频带，相互不重叠地划分成以55kHz为中频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度，共计20个中频细频率颗粒度子频带；将1.6MHz至11.6MHz共10MHz带宽的高频频带，相互不重叠地划分成以500kHz为高频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度，共计20个高频细频率颗粒度子频带。
(4)获取低频细频率颗粒度子频带、中频细频率颗粒度子频带和高频细频率颗粒度子频带；
(5)分别测量当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声；
具体的，分别测量当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声，包括：
测量分辨率带宽为1kHz至30kHz，当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声公式为：
Figure PCTCN2016083092-appb-000002
式(1-1)中，Noiseave(t)为t时刻N次测量得到的噪声测量结果的平均值，N为测量次数，N∈(1,10)，Noiseave(t-1)为t-1时刻N-1次测量得到的噪声测量结果的平均值，Noisemeas(t)为t时刻测量得到的噪声功率。
例如：主站和从站按照从低频到高频的顺序，分别对低频(150-500kHz)、中频(500kHz-1.6MHz)和高频(1.6-11.6MHz)的本地信道噪声进行测量，根据公式(1-1)以10kHz分辨率带宽(Resolution Band-Width，RBW)进行，且采用多次测量取平均的方式提高测量结果的准确性，PLC从站噪声的测量结果如图6所示；
(6)分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减和所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减；
其中，计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减，包括：将所述主站作为发送端，所述从站作为接收端，所述发送端将扫频信号发送至接收端；所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减为发送端发送的所述扫频信号强度减去接收端接收的信号强度。
计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减，包括：将所述从站作为发送端，所述主站作为接收端，所述发送端将扫频信号发送至接收端；所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减为发送端发送的所述扫频信号强度减去接收端接收的信号强度。
考虑主站至从站下行链路与从站至主站上行链路的不对称性，测量双向信道衰减，信道衰减测量结果采用多次测量取平均值的方法获得，PLC主站至从站下行链路信道衰减的测量 结果如图7所示；
(7)分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI；
其中，分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI，包括：
上行链路的链路质量指示LQI＝主站的电力线信道噪声+上行链路的电力线信道衰减；
下行链路的链路质量指示LQI＝从站的电力线信道噪声+下行链路的电力线信道衰减。
进一步的，链路质量指示LQI表示在某一时间某一频率处，按照当前分辨率带宽在接收端达到0dB信噪比时，发送端在该频率处所需的发射信号功率。LQI越小，代表在该频率处信道质量越好，且LQI与发送端发射信号功率无关，能够客观反映不同频率处的电力线载波信道质量，是实现电力线载波频率认知的重要参数指标。同时，用在该频率处发送端实际发射信号功率减去LQI，即可得到接收端的信噪比，如图8所示；
(8)设置链路质量指示门限值，获取当前时刻和细频率颗粒度子频带全部频点对应的所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI均小于所述链路质量指示门限值的可用细频率颗粒度子频带，并对所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频谱聚合。
其中，所述链路质量指示门限值为：所述当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI的最小值加5-15dB。
主站针对上行链路的LQI，从站针对下行链路的LQI，分别设定合适的LQI门限，并以是否满足LQI门限为标准分别优选出上行链路、下行链路的细频率颗粒度可用子频带，若某子频带内所有频点的LQI均小于LQI门限时，该子频带为优选出的细频率颗粒度可用子频带。依据附图6、附图7的电力线信道噪声、衰减测量结果计算下行链路的LQI，并依据LQI门限获取可用细频率颗粒度子频带，如图9所示；
主站、从站分别将优选出的细频率颗粒度可用子频带通过频谱聚合技术聚合起来，构建多频带并行传输通道，从而可有效提高PLC的频谱利用率、通信速率以及带宽配置的灵活性，满足对实时性要求较高的智能电网业务的传输需求。同时，考虑低频、中频、高频频带在各自所划分的细频率颗粒度子频带带宽、信道特性、适用环境等方面的差异，规定对所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频谱聚合，如图10所示，包括：
分别对所述低频细频率颗粒度子频带、中频细频率颗粒度子频带和高频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频带内频谱聚合；
对所述低频细频率颗粒度子频带和所述中频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行跨频带频谱聚合；
对所述中频细频率颗粒度子频带和所述高频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行跨频带频谱聚合。
根据步骤(1)至(8)，本实施例提供的一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法实施流程，如图11所示，包括：
主站主动发起频率认知过程，并发送噪声测量帧规定测量本地信道噪声的时间，从站完成噪声测量后发送ACK确认至主站，主站开始本地信道噪声测量直至完成；
主站发送衰减测量帧启动下行链路衰减测量，从站发送ACK确认至主站，主站收到ACK信号后进行下行链路衰减测量。测量完毕后从站发送衰减测量帧启动上行链路衰减测量，主站发送ACK确认至从站，从站收到ACK信号后进行上行链路衰减测量；
噪声、衰减测量完成后，从站进行下行链路LQI计算，优选出下行链路的可用细频率颗粒度子频带，完成频谱聚合，并最终将确定的下行链路工作频率信息反馈至主站。主站收到信息后进行上行链路LQI计算，优选出上行链路的可用细频率颗粒度子频带，完成频谱聚合，并最终将确定的上行链路工作频率信息反馈至从站。从站收到信息后发送ACK确认至主站，从而完成PLC主站、从站间上、下行链路的频率认知。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)构建由主站、从站、上行链路和下行链路组成的电力线载波通信系统模型；
    (2)将工作频率分为低频、中频和高频；
    (3)根据低频、中频和高频的细频率颗粒度特征，分别对低频、中频和高频的带宽以重叠或不重叠的方式进行划分；
    (4)获取低频细频率颗粒度子频带、中频细频率颗粒度子频带和高频细频率颗粒度子频带；
    (5)分别测量当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声；
    (6)分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减和所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减；
    (7)分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI；
    (8)设置链路质量指示门限值，获取当前时刻和细频率颗粒度子频带全部频点对应的所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI均小于所述链路质量指示门限值的可用细频率颗粒度子频带，并对所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频谱聚合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，主站为PLC系统中的一台PLC设备，从站为与主站相邻的一台PLC设备，上行链路为所述从站至所述主站方向的链路，下行链路为所述主站至所述从站方向的链路。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中，所述低频频率为30kHz至500kHz，所述中频频率为500kHz至1.6MHz，所述高频频率为1.6MHz至30MHz。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中，所述低频细频率颗粒度特征为低频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为1kHz至10kHz，所述中频细频率颗粒度特征为中频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为10kHz至100kHz，所述高频细频率颗粒度特征为高频细频率颗粒度子频带宽度为100kHz至1MHz。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(5)中，分别测量当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声，包括：
    测量分辨率带宽为1kHz至30kHz，当前时刻和工作频率下所述主站和所述从站的电力线信道噪声公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2016083092-appb-100001
     式(1-1)中，Noiseave(t)为t时刻N次测量得到的噪声测量结果的平均值，N∈(1,10)，Noiseave(t-1)为t-1时刻N-1次测量得到的噪声测量结果的平均值，Noisemeas(t)为t时刻测量得到的噪声功率。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(6)中，计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减，包括：将所述主站作为发送端，所述从站作为接收端，所述发送端将扫频信号发送至接收端；所述下行链路的电力线信道衰减为发送端发送的所述扫频信号强度减去接收端接收的信号强度。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(6)中，计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减，包括：将所述从站作为发送端，所述主站作为接收端，所述发送端将扫频信号发送至接收端；所述上行链路的电力线信道衰减为发送端发送的所述扫频信号强度减去接收端接收的信号强度。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(7)中，分别计算当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI，包括：
    上行链路的链路质量指示LQI＝主站的电力线信道噪声+上行链路的电力线信道衰减；
    下行链路的链路质量指示LQI＝从站的电力线信道噪声+下行链路的电力线信道衰减。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(8)中，所述链路质量指示门限值为：所述当前时刻和工作频率下所述上行链路和所述下行链路的链路质量指示LQI的最小值加5-15dB。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(8)中，对所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频谱聚合，包括：
    分别对所述低频细频率颗粒度子频带、中频细频率颗粒度子频带和高频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行频带内频谱聚合；
    对所述低频细频率颗粒度子频带和所述中频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行跨频带频谱聚合；
    对所述中频细频率颗粒度子频带和所述高频细频率颗粒度子频带中的所述可用细频率颗粒度子频带进行跨频带频谱聚合。
PCT/CN2016/083092 2015-06-29 2016-05-24 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法 Ceased WO2017000708A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510369887.6A CN104954112B (zh) 2015-06-29 2015-06-29 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法
CN201510369887.6 2015-06-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017000708A1 true WO2017000708A1 (zh) 2017-01-05

Family

ID=54168491

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2016/083092 Ceased WO2017000708A1 (zh) 2015-06-29 2016-05-24 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN104954112B (zh)
WO (1) WO2017000708A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109726482A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-07 广东电网有限责任公司 一种高负荷密度电网的构建方法及相关装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104954112B (zh) * 2015-06-29 2018-05-29 国网智能电网研究院 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法
CN105471476B (zh) * 2015-11-25 2018-04-24 国网辽宁省电力有限公司大连供电公司 一种通信训练方法
CN107529688A (zh) * 2017-04-10 2018-01-02 华北电力大学（保定） 基于信道输入电抗的中压配网电力线载波通信频点优选方法
CN107888233A (zh) * 2017-11-13 2018-04-06 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 调频方法及装置
CN111679152A (zh) * 2020-06-10 2020-09-18 青岛鼎信通讯股份有限公司 一种基于电力线载波的线缆故障检测装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013056520A1 (zh) * 2011-10-19 2013-04-25 上海炜呈智能电力科技有限责任公司 基于信道认知技术的电力线通信方法
CN103457636A (zh) * 2013-08-09 2013-12-18 国家电网公司 基于频率认知技术的跨频带电力线载波通信方法及系统
CN103607224A (zh) * 2013-12-02 2014-02-26 国家电网公司 建立电力线载波通信系统双向链路的方法
CN104641568A (zh) * 2012-09-20 2015-05-20 爱信精机株式会社 电力线通信用收发器以及电力线通信方法
CN104954112A (zh) * 2015-06-29 2015-09-30 国网智能电网研究院 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8150478B2 (en) * 2008-07-16 2012-04-03 Marvell World Trade Ltd. Uplink power control in aggregated spectrum systems
CN202309702U (zh) * 2011-10-19 2012-07-04 上海炜呈智能电力科技有限责任公司 基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备
CN103607222B (zh) * 2013-11-27 2016-01-20 国家电网公司 一种跨频带电力线通信频率的自学习方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013056520A1 (zh) * 2011-10-19 2013-04-25 上海炜呈智能电力科技有限责任公司 基于信道认知技术的电力线通信方法
CN104641568A (zh) * 2012-09-20 2015-05-20 爱信精机株式会社 电力线通信用收发器以及电力线通信方法
CN103457636A (zh) * 2013-08-09 2013-12-18 国家电网公司 基于频率认知技术的跨频带电力线载波通信方法及系统
CN103607224A (zh) * 2013-12-02 2014-02-26 国家电网公司 建立电力线载波通信系统双向链路的方法
CN104954112A (zh) * 2015-06-29 2015-09-30 国网智能电网研究院 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LI, JIANQI ET AL.: "Discussions on Key Technologies of New Generation Power Line Carrier Communication", ELECTRIC POWER INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 12, 25 February 2014 (2014-02-25), pages 1 - 5, ISSN: 1672-4844 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109726482A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-07 广东电网有限责任公司 一种高负荷密度电网的构建方法及相关装置
CN109726482B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2023-01-24 广东电网有限责任公司 一种高负荷密度电网的构建方法及相关装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104954112A (zh) 2015-09-30
CN104954112B (zh) 2018-05-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2017000708A1 (zh) 一种基于细频率颗粒度的跨频带电力线载波频率认知方法
US11432368B2 (en) Network access method for hybrid networking, proxy coordination device, and station device
CN101036313B (zh) 电力线通信方法与设备
CN104412703B (zh) 用于通过双绞线在第一网络节点与第二网络节点之间通信的方法和网络节点
CN103457636B (zh) 基于频率认知技术的跨频带电力线载波通信方法及系统
CN101986586B (zh) 一种信道质量测量反馈方法及用户设备
CN102377495B (zh) 射频检测方法、装置及系统
EP2645797B1 (en) Communication device with selective spectrum assignment and related methods
CN103607224B (zh) 建立电力线载波通信系统双向链路的方法
CN105309005A (zh) 基站中用于控制针对该基站的多个天线站点的通信资源的方法和装置
CN104661288B (zh) 改善无线局域网范围的系统和方法
CN100454874C (zh) 一种防止无线局域网自干扰的系统及方法
CN102685753B (zh) Lte保护频带的使用方法和装置
CN205356695U (zh) Gsm网络mr测量系统
CN102739289A (zh) 传输功率控制方法
CN101820680B (zh) 一种中继网络中的调度方法
CN104469786A (zh) 一种lte与wifi共基站干扰抑制系统及方法
KR101908032B1 (ko) 근거리 통신시스템에서 채널을 선택하는 중계기 및 그 방법
CN101384077A (zh) 正交频分多址接入系统中的中继站选择和子信道分配方法
Mostahinic et al. Spectrum occupancy for 802.11 a/n/ac homogeneous and heterogeneous networks
Miklavcic On the number of non-overlapping channels in the IEEE 802.11 WLANs operating in the 2.4 GHz band
CN109076597A (zh) Fbe的数据传输方法、装置及存储介质
CN110461000B (zh) 5g小区网络容量预测方法及装置
Battermann et al. Influence of PLC transmission on the sensitivity of a short-wave receiving station
WO2019228338A1 (zh) 一种信号处理方法、装置、分布式天线系统及存储介质

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16817072

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16817072

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1