WO2017000445A1 - 一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法 - Google Patents

一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法 Download PDF

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WO2017000445A1
WO2017000445A1 PCT/CN2015/092918 CN2015092918W WO2017000445A1 WO 2017000445 A1 WO2017000445 A1 WO 2017000445A1 CN 2015092918 W CN2015092918 W CN 2015092918W WO 2017000445 A1 WO2017000445 A1 WO 2017000445A1
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optical
quasi
channel
design method
optical network
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沈纲祥
李泳成
高明义
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
    • H04J14/0256—Optical medium access at the optical channel layer
    • H04J14/026—Optical medium access at the optical channel layer using WDM channels of different transmission rates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of network architecture of an optical network, and in particular to a design method of a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network.
  • EON Elastic Optical Network
  • the present invention provides a design method of a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing (Quasi-CWDM) optical network to solve the technical problem of high construction cost and low spectral efficiency of an elastic optical network (EON).
  • Qasi-CWDM quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing
  • the present invention provides a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network, including:
  • the spectrum grid of the optical channel has a preset fixed bandwidth, and the preset fixed bandwidth is at least 200 GHz.
  • the adaptively selecting an optical channel modulation format according to an actual rate requirement and a channel physical condition including:
  • the modulation format of the optical channel is selected by using a MILP model, including:
  • the MILP model is to maximize the communication requirement of the entire communication service, and to minimize the construction cost as the second target, and output the most Excellent modulation format.
  • the optical channel is a super optical channel.
  • the preset fixed bandwidth is 200 GHz.
  • the quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network includes at least two optical channels, and a frequency interval between adjacent optical channels of the at least two optical channels is 25 Hz.
  • the modulation format of the optical channel includes BPSK, QPSK or 8QAM.
  • the spectrum grid of the optical channel has a preset fixed bandwidth, and the preset fixed bandwidth is at least 200 GHz (Quasi-CWDM technology can realize a larger arrayed waveguide grating)
  • the filtering frequency interval is such that the bandwidth of the spectrum grid in the present invention is larger than the bandwidth of the spectrum grid in the DWDM optical network, thereby effectively improving the spectral efficiency of the optical network, and adaptively selecting according to actual rate requirements and channel physical conditions.
  • the modulation format of the optical channel to select the optimal modulation format to balance the construction cost and spectrum efficiency (based on: for IP optical networks on Quasi-CWDM, a certain distance of optical channels, different modulation formats require different numbers of IP Router and regenerator).
  • the Quasi-CWDM optical network has a key advantage compared with EON: the ROADM node of the Quasi-CWDM optical network is very simple, similar to the DWDM network, and the ROADM node does not need any expensive flexible grid wavelength selection switch. Effectively reduce the construction cost of the Quasi-CWDM optical network.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a comparison diagram of optical channel spectrums in an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention
  • 3 is an IP network architecture on a Quasi-CWDM in an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a balance between a modulation format and a transmission distance in an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of implementing regeneration in an IP layer in an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of realizing regeneration in an optical layer in an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a MILP result of communication requirements and total network cost in an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between a bandwidth blocking probability and FS min in an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a design method of a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing (Quasi-CWDM) optical network to solve the technical problem of high construction cost and low spectral efficiency of the elastic optical network (EON) in the prior art.
  • Quasi-CWDM quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing
  • FIG. 1 a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network according to the present invention is shown.
  • the method may specifically include the following steps:
  • Step S100 determining an actual rate requirement and a channel physical condition
  • the actual rate refers to the data size that the capacity of the optical channel can transmit per second;
  • the physical condition of the channel refers to the physical distance of the optical channel in the present invention.
  • Step S101 adaptively select a modulation format of the optical channel according to an actual rate requirement and a channel physical condition, thereby selecting an optimal modulation format to balance the construction cost and the spectrum efficiency; wherein the spectrum grid of the optical channel has a pre- A fixed bandwidth is set, and the preset fixed bandwidth is at least 200 GHz.
  • the modulation format of the optical channel may be BPSK, QPSK or 8QAM, or other modulation formats, which are not strictly limited herein.
  • which one of the various modulations described above is specifically selected is determined by the execution content of step S101.
  • the preset fixed bandwidth may be 200 GHz.
  • the frequency interval between adjacent optical channels of the at least two optical channels may be 25 Hz.
  • the value of the preset fixed bandwidth and the frequency interval between adjacent optical channels is only an example, and is not strictly limited herein. The specific value may be set by a person in the field according to actual needs.
  • the optical channel in the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a super optical channel, which also caters to the development trend that the super optical channel will dominate the future optical transmission network.
  • step S101 a mixed integer linear optimization model is proposed to maximize the IP communication request of the entire service, that is, the MIRP (mixed integer linear programming) model is used to select the modulation format of the optical channel, specifically, the The actual rate requirement and the channel physical condition are input to the MILP model, the MILP model firstly aims to maximize the communication requirement of the entire communication service, and minimizes the construction cost as the second target, and outputs the optimal modulation. format.
  • the MIRP mixed integer linear programming
  • the invention provides a new optical transmission network architecture with high spectrum efficiency and low cost, that is, a design method of a Quasi-CWDM optical network, wherein the Quasi-CWDM optical network is a next-generation optical transmission network based on the Quasi-CWDM transmission technology:
  • the spectrum is efficient: all established channels are optical channels with preset fixed bandwidth, and And this preset fixed bandwidth is at least 200 GHz (larger than the spectrum grid bandwidth in the DWDM optical network).
  • this preset fixed bandwidth is at least 200 GHz (larger than the spectrum grid bandwidth in the DWDM optical network).
  • the Quasi-CWDM technology is similar to the hybrid line rate technology in the DWDM network, the Quasi-CWDM optical network has a larger spectrum grid than the DWDM network, because the filtering frequency interval of the arrayed waveguide grating is in Quasi- CWDM technology has become even larger, such as 200 GHz or 400 GHz. This greatly improves the spectral efficiency of the optical network and is very effective for future super channel control optical networks.
  • FIG. 2 For the optical channel spectrum comparison diagram of the Quasi-CWDM optical network and other technologies of the optical network (CWDM, DWDM and Flexi-grid) provided by the present invention, please refer to FIG. 2.
  • the frequency of the Quasi-CWDM optical network is apparent.
  • the interval is larger than that of other technical optical networks.
  • the cost is low: adaptively select the modulation format of the optical channel according to the actual rate requirement and the channel physical condition, thereby selecting an optimal modulation format to balance the construction cost and the spectrum efficiency.
  • different modulation formats require different numbers of IP routers and regenerators.
  • Table 1 and Table 2 where BPSK regenerator cost is normalized. It is 1 unit, and it is assumed that the cost of one router port in the same modulation format is twice that of any regenerator.
  • FIG. 3 shows an IP network architecture on a Quasi-CWDM in an embodiment of a method for designing a quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical network provided by the present invention, which includes an IP layer and a Quasi-CWDM optical layer. Its Each node includes a pair of core routers and Quasi-CWDM ROADM node devices; the IP layer consists of IP router nodes and virtual links; the optical layer consists of ROADM nodes and fiber links. If a path is established, two IP router ports and zero or more signal regenerators in the optical layer are required at the IP layer.
  • the Quasi-CWDM network specifies a super-channel spectrum grid of at least 200 GHz.
  • the modulation format of each optical channel can be adaptively selected. From Table 1, we can see the relationship between the modulation format used by the optical channel and the physical distance of the optical channel. From Table 2, we can see the relative cost of the regenerator and IP router ports of different modulation formats.
  • the modulation format of the optical channel is selected using the MILP model, and our goal is to design an IP network on the Quasi-CWDM that maximizes the communication requirements of the service, while Minimize the hardware cost of the IP router port and signal regenerator, as described in more detail below:
  • a first goal maximizing the communication requirements of the entire service
  • a second goal minimizing the entire IP router port and regenerator cost. More specifically, the above two objectives are achieved using the following formula algorithms 2-9:
  • S is the index of the IP traffic of the source node
  • D is the index of the IP traffic of the destination node, and is routed on the virtual topology of the optical path
  • i, j is the index of the node on the virtual topology of the optical path, and the optical path needs to be established between the two nodes.
  • N i is the set of neighbors of node i in the physical topology.
  • F is a collection of modulation formats, including BPSK, QPSK, and 8QAM.
  • W is a collection of wavelengths for each fiber link.
  • ⁇ sd is the communication requirement of the service between the pair of nodes, in GB/s.
  • each virtual link has a virtual link with the shortest path as the optical path;
  • C f is the rate of a f th modulation format for a Quasi-CWDM Fibre Channel;
  • ⁇ is a weighting factor.
  • Is a variable used to indicate the communication requirements between nodes (S, D) through virtual links (i, j).
  • the optical channel (I, J) of the virtual link adopts the f th modulation format at the wavelength w, its value is 1, otherwise it is 0.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of signal regeneration at the IP layer.
  • Signal regeneration is accomplished by interrupting an optical channel using an intermediate router, so that more traffic demand can be loaded into the established optical channel.
  • the above solution has the disadvantage of requiring the addition of two additional and expensive IP routing ports at the intermediate node, increasing the cost of the device.
  • another method of signal regeneration is to regenerate the signal in the optical layer. As shown in Figure 6, it only requires a pair of opto-electrical converters, which are usually cheaper than IP layer regeneration.
  • signal regeneration in the optical layer does not allow for additional flow grooming, even if other optical channels are available.
  • the Quasi-CWDM optical network obtained by the design method of the Quasi-CWDM optical network provided by the above embodiment is evaluated for performance.
  • the specific contents are as follows:
  • IP traffic grooming schemes We use traditional multi-hop traffic grooming schemes to establish IP service requests through existing residual optical channel capacity. Only the remaining capacity is not enough to accommodate an IP traffic, we will seek to build a The new node provides a direct path between IP business services. For the sake of simplicity, we look for enough free spectrum resources on the shortest path between pairs of nodes to establish an optical channel and select the most efficient modulation format based on its physical distance. If there are not enough free spectrum resources, we block the IP traffic demand. During the grooming process, IP traffic can be split into multiple connections through different routes. For the release of IP traffic demand, we release the consumed network resources from the network to delete the IP traffic. If an IP traffic is removed so that there is no IP traffic on the optical channel, we will also release the optical channel in the optical layer.
  • the IP traffic demand between each node pair in the n6s9 network is randomly generated in the range of (400, 2000) GB/s and the NSFNET network is randomly generated in the range of (400, 1000) GB/s.
  • the frequency spacing ranges from 50 GHz (DWDM) to 100 GHz (DWDM), to 200 GHz (quasi-CWDM), and 400 GHz (Quasi-CWDM).
  • Figure 7 shows the MILP results, "STD” refers to the completed communication requirements and "TC” refers to the total network cost.
  • STD refers to the completed communication requirements
  • TC refers to the total network cost.
  • the new network architecture does not require expensive flexible singular grid wavelength selection switches, but can support super optical channels by using a fixed quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing grid of at least 200 GHz.
  • the modulation format can be flexibly selected according to the rate requirement and the channel physical condition, wherein a mixed integer linear optimization model is proposed to maximize the IP communication request of the entire service.
  • Quasi-CWDM network architecture was evaluated from a cost perspective and estimated the efficiency of the spectrum usage of the Quasi-CWDM network, as well as the sub-wavelength traffic grooming in the IP over Quasi-CWDM network.
  • spectral efficiency is calculated by dynamic simulation to calculate the bandwidth blocking rate. The results show that the Quais-CWDM network has higher spectral efficiency and lower hardware costs.

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Abstract

本发明涉及光网络的网络构架技术领域，特别是涉及一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法，该设计方法中，光通道的频谱栅格具有预设固定带宽，且该预设固定带宽至少为200GHz(比DWDM光网络中的频谱栅格带宽大，以此有效提高了光网络的频谱效率)；根据实际速率要求和信道物理条件，自适应地选择光通道的调制格式，以此选择最优的调制格式来平衡建设成本和频谱效率(Quasi-CWDM光网络的ROADM节点非常简单，且ROADM节点不需要任何昂贵的灵活栅格波长选择开关，以此有效降低了Quasi-CWDM光网络的建设成本)。以上技术方案有效解决了现有技术中弹性光网络的建设成本高、频谱效率低的技术问题。

Description

一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法
本申请要求于2015年6月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510375212.2、发明名称为“一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及光网络的网络构架技术领域，特别是涉及一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法。
背景技术
当今，光传输系统已从过去的粗波分复用(CWDM)发展到今天的密集波分复用(DWDM)。最近，一个更加灵活和有效的网络体系结构，称为弹性光网络(EON)，EON能提供更高的传输容量来满足足日益增长的通信需求，同时其也能提供较高的频谱效率，减少栅格大小(FS)从而增加光通道的频谱分配的灵活性。
然而，目前的DWDM光网络和EON的相容性是一个非常具有挑战性的问题。使今天的DWDM光网络要演变为EON，需要升级DWDM的网络硬件，比如升级可重构光分插复用器(ROADM)和使用昂贵灵活栅格波长选择开关，导致EON建设成本高。同时，在光通道业务中较少的栅格的情况下，容易产生大量的保护间隔栅格，从而导致频谱效率低。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种准粗波分复用(Quasi-CWDM)光网络的设计方法，以解决弹性光网络(EON)的建设成本高、频谱效率低的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法，包括：
根据实际速率要求和信道物理条件，自适应地选择光通道的调制格式， 以此选择最优的调制格式来平衡建设成本和频谱效率；
其中，所述光通道的频谱栅格具有预设固定带宽，所述预设固定带宽至少为200GHz。
上述设计方法中，可选的，所述根据实际速率要求和信道物理条件，自适应地选择光通道的调制格式，包括：
利用MILP模型对所述光通道的调制格式进行选择，包括：
将所述实际速率要求和信道物理条件作为所述MILP模型的输入，所述MILP模型以最大化整个通信服务的通信需求为第一目标，以最小化建设成本为第二目标，输出所述最优的调制格式。
上述设计方法中，可选的，所述光通道为超级光通道。
上述设计方法中，可选的，所述预设固定带宽为200GHz。
上述设计方法中，可选的，所述准粗波分复用光网络包括至少两个所述光通道，所述至少两个光通道中相邻光通道之间的频率间隔为25Hz。
上述设计方法中，可选的，所述光通道的调制格式包括BPSK、QPSK或者8QAM。
以上本发明提供的Quasi-CWDM光网络的设计方法中，光通道的频谱栅格具有预设固定带宽，并且这个预设固定带宽至少为200GHz(Quasi-CWDM技术能够实现更大的阵列波导光栅的滤波频率间隔,使得本发明中的频谱栅格带宽比DWDM光网络中的频谱栅格带宽大，以此有效提高了光网络的频谱效率)，根据实际速率要求和信道物理条件，自适应地选择光通道的调制格式，以此选择最优的调制格式来平衡建设成本和频谱效率(基于：对于在Quasi-CWDM上的IP光网络，一定距离的光通道，不同的调制格式需要不同数量的IP路由器和再生器)。其中，Quasi-CWDM光网络与EON相比，具有一个关键的优势：Quasi-CWDM光网络的ROADM节点非常简单，类似DWDM网络，并且ROADM节点不需要任何昂贵的灵活栅格波长选择开关，以此有效降低了Quasi-CWDM光网络的建设成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实 施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例的流程图；
图2为本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例中的光通道频谱对比图；
图3为本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例中的在Quasi-CWDM上的IP网络架构；
图4为本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例中调制格式和传输距离之间的平衡示意图；
图5为本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例中在IP层实现再生的示意图；
图6为本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例中在光层实现再生的示意图；
图7为本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例中的通信需求与网络总成本的MILP结果示意图；
图8为本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例中的带宽阻塞概率与FSmin的关系图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的核心是提供一种准粗波分复用(Quasi-CWDM)光网络的设计方法，以解决现有技术中弹性光网络(EON)的建设成本高、频谱效率低的技术问题。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体 实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
参考图1，示出了本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例的流程图，该方法具体可以包括如下步骤：
步骤S100、确定实际速率要求和信道物理条件；
其中，实际速率是指光通道的容量每秒可以传输的数据大小；信道物理条件在本发明中指光通道的物理距离。
步骤S101、根据实际速率要求和信道物理条件，自适应地选择光通道的调制格式，以此选择最优的调制格式来平衡建设成本和频谱效率；其中，所述光通道的频谱栅格具有预设固定带宽，所述预设固定带宽至少为200GHz。
本发明中，光通道的调制格式可以为BPSK，也可以为QPSK或者8QAM，还可以是其他调制格式，此处不做严格限定。当然，在实际应用中，在上述各种调制各种中，具体要选定哪一种调制格式，是由步骤S101的执行内容来决定的。
本发明中，所述预设固定带宽可以为200GHz。当Quasi-CWDM光网络包括至少两个光通道时，这些至少两个光通道中相邻光通道之间的频率间隔可以为25Hz。当然，上述预设固定带宽、相邻光通道之间的频率间隔的数值仅仅是举个例子，此处也不做严格限定，具体的取值可由本领域人员根据实际需求进行设定。
本发明实施例所提供的技术方案中的光通道可以为超级光通道，这也迎合了超级光通道将主导未来的光传输网络的发展趋势。
在步骤S101中，一个混合整数线性优化模型被提出来最大化整个服务的IP通信请求，即利用MILP(混合整数线性规划)模型对所述光通道的调制格式进行选择，具体地，将所述实际速率要求和信道物理条件作为所述MILP模型的输入，所述MILP模型以最大化整个通信服务的通信需求为第一目标，以最小化建设成本为第二目标，输出所述最优的调制格式。
本发明提出了一种频谱高效、成本低的新的光传输网络架构，即Quasi-CWDM光网络的设计方法，其中，Quasi-CWDM光网络为基于Quasi-CWDM传输技术的下一代光传输网络：
一方面，频谱高效：所有建立的渠道为具有预设固定带宽的光通道，并 且这个预设固定带宽至少为200GHz(比DWDM光网络中的频谱栅格带宽大)。需要指出的是，尽管Quasi-CWDM技术在DWDM网络类似于混合线路速率技术，但是Quasi-CWDM光网络比DWDM网络具有更大的频谱栅格，这是由于阵列波导光栅的滤波频率间隔在Quasi-CWDM技术下变的更大，例如200GHz或400GHz。这大大提高光网络的频谱效率，对未来的超级信道控制光网络非常有效。
对于本发明设计提供的Quasi-CWDM光网络与其他技术的光网络(CWDM、DWDM及Flexi-grid)的光通道频谱对比图请参照图2，在图2中，显然Quasi-CWDM光网络的频率间隔较其他技术光网络的频率间隔都大。
另一方面，成本低：根据实际速率要求和信道物理条件，自适应地选择光通道的调制格式，以此选择最优的调制格式来平衡建设成本和频谱效率。对于在Quasi-CWDM上的IP光网络，一定距离的光通道，不同的调制格式需要不同数量的IP路由器和再生器，具体情况可以参照表1和表2，其中，BPSK再生器成本归一化为1单位，且，假设同一种调制格式下一个路由器端口的成本是任何一个再生器的2倍。
表1 不同调制格式的传输距离和硬件成本
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000001
表2 不同调制格式对IP路由器端口和再生器数目的需求
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000002
图3示出了本发明提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法实施例中的在Quasi-CWDM上的IP网络架构，其包括IP层和Quasi-CWDM光层。其 中，每个节点包括一对核心路由器和Quasi-CWDM ROADM节点设备；IP层由IP路由器节点和虚拟链路组成；光层由ROADM节点和光纤链路组成。如若建立一个路径，在IP层需要两个IP路由器端口和在光层需要的零个或多个信号再生器。Quasi-CWDM网络规定超级通道的频谱栅格至少为200GHz。每个光通道的调制格式可以自适应地选择。从表1中，我们可以看出光通道所使用的调制格式和光通道物理距离之间的关系，从表2中，我们可以看出不同调制格式的再生器和IP路由器端口的相对成本。
针对上述提到的一定距离的光通道，不同的调制格式需要不同数量的IP路由器和再生器，我们举个例子：
在图4中，我们假设节点N1和N2之间有800GB/s的通信需求，并且假定Quasi-CWDM光网络的频谱栅格为200GHz、相邻光通道间隔为25GHz。根据表1的传输距离信息，BPSK不需要任何装置，但它具有最低的信道容量(即175GB/s)。相比之下，8QAM具有最高的信道容量(即525GB/s)，但最需要的信号再生器最多。表2显示不同调制格式所需IP路由器端口和再生器，以及总成本。从中我们可以看到，选择最优的调制格式来平衡成本和频谱效率的重要性。
进一步地，针对在在Quasi-CWDM上的IP网络，利用MILP模型对所述光通道的调制格式进行选择，我们的目标是设计服务的通信需求最大化的在Quasi-CWDM上的IP网络，同时最小化由IP路由器端口和信号再生器组成的硬件成本，下面进行更详细的叙述：
首先，给定的输入如下：
(1)一个网络的物理拓扑结构Gp＝(N,E)，其中N是节点的集合，E是网络链接的集合；
(2)在节点对(s，d)通信需求矩阵[Tsd]，以GB/s单位；
(3)使用第fth调制格式，一个再生器成本
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000003
和一个IP路由器端口成本
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000004
其中，
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000005
和
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000006
是使用第fth调制格式的一个IP路由器端口和一个再生器的成本；
(4)在每个光纤链路的频谱资源有限。
其次，依据上述输入发展MILP模型，目标(Objective)为使以下公式达到最大化：
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000007
  ①
具体地，拆分为两个目标：第一目标：最大化整个服务的通信需求；第二目标：最小化整个IP路由器端口和再生器成本。更具体地，利用以下公式算法②～⑨实现上述两个目标：
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000008
  ②
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000009
  ③
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000010
  ④
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000011
  ⑤
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000012
  ⑥
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000013
  ⑦
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000014
  ⑧
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000015
  ⑨
上述公式中，各指数、符号集、参数及变量如下：
S为源节点IP流量的指数，D为目的节点IP流量的指数，在光路的虚拟拓扑上路由；i、j为在光路的虚拟拓扑上节点的索引，光路在两个节点之间建立需要一对路由器端口；Ni是在物理拓扑中节点i的相邻节点集。F是调制格式的集合，包括BPSK，QPSK，和8QAM。W是每个光纤链路的波长的集合。λsd是节点对之间的服务的通信需求，以GB/s为单位。
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000016
是必需的再生器数目以固定的最短路径为光路的虚拟链路(i，j)且采用第fth调制格式， 我们假设每个虚拟链路均以最短路径为光路的虚拟链路；
Cf是一个Quasi-CWDM光纤通道用fth调制格式的速率；对于
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000017
当物理链路(m，n)是被虚拟链路(i，j)使用时，其值为1，否则为0。α是权重因子。
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000018
是一个变量，用来表示节点(S，D)之间通过虚拟链路(i，j)通信需求。
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000019
是一个变量，用来表示虚拟链路的数目(i，j)使用第fth调制格式的光纤通道数目。
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000020
为节点i使用第fth调制格的IP路由器端口数目。
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000021
为虚拟链路之间使用第fth调制格式的再生器数目。对于
Figure PCTCN2015092918-appb-000022
虚拟链路的光通道(I，J)在波长w上采用第fth调制格式时，其值为1，否则为0。
更进一步地，在Quasi-CWDM上的IP光网络中，信号再生可以在IP层中实现，也可以在光层实现。其一，图5示出了在IP层信号再生的示意图，信号再生通过使用一个中间路由器打断一个光通道来实现，以此使更多的流量需求能够被加载到已经建立的光通道。然而，上述方案的缺点是需要在中间节点增加两个额外且昂贵的IP路由端口，增加了设备成本。其二，信号再生的另一种方法是再生信号在光层，如图6所示，它只需要一对光电转换器，通常比IP层再生便宜。然而，在光层的信号再生不允许额外的流量疏导，即使其他光通道可以利用。这样的再生导致了频谱使用的低效。因此，选择不同的光通道信号再生方式以达到最佳的网络设计是非常重要的。对于是选择在IP层实现再生，还是选择在光层实现再生，本领域技术人员可根据上述分析及实际情况进行选定，本发明不做严格限定。
本发明中，针对上述实施例提供的Quasi-CWDM光网络的设计方法得到的Quasi-CWDM光网络，做了相应的性能评估，具体内容如下：
一、基于动态亚波长流量疏导的频谱效率评估
评估在Quasi-CWDM上的IP网络的频谱效率，我们可以考虑使用Quasi-CWDM光网络提供动态的子波长业务。P流量不同服务请求到达服从泊松分布和IP流量保持时间服从指数分布。带宽的IP流量的阻塞概率作为比较标准，即阻塞的贷款比上请求的总带宽。
我们采用传统的多跳的流量疏导方案通过现有的剩余光通道容量为IP服务请求建立。只有剩下的容量不足以容纳一个IP流量，我们将寻求建立一个 新的节点提供IP业务服务之间的直接路径。为简单起见，我们在节点对之间的最短路径上寻找足够的空闲频谱资源建立一个光通道，并根据其物理距离选择最有效的调制格式。如果没有足够的空闲频谱资源，我们阻塞该IP流量需求。在疏导过程中，IP流量可以通过不同的路线拆分到多个连接。对于IP流量需求的释放，我们从网络释放所消耗的网络资源来删除的IP流量。如果一个IP流量的去除使光通道上无任何IP流量，我们也将在光层释放的光通道
二、性能评估
我们考虑了两种测试网络：(1)一个六节点，九链接(n6s9)网络；(2)14个节点，21链接NSFNET网络。每个光纤链路上假设4000GHz，这相当于80个的50GHz光通道。两相邻光通道之间需要一个25GHz。三种调制格式，即BPSK、QPSK及8QAM。对应的IP路由器端口和信号再生器成本如表1所示。
(1)静态交通需求
在这种情况下，n6s9网络每个节点对之间的IP流量需求是在(400，2000)GB/s的范围内随机生成和NSFNET网络在(400，1000)GB/s范围内随机生成。我们用商业软件AMPL/gurobi解决MILP模型。频率间隔从50GHz(DWDM)，到100GHz(DWDM)，到200GHz(准CWDM)，和400GHz(Quasi-CWDM)。
图7显示MILP结果，“STD”是指完成的通信需求和“TC”是指网络总成本。我们可以看到，随着频谱栅格大小的增加，完成的流量需求增加。在有限频谱资源的情况下，较大的频率栅格需要更少的保护频带，这是合理的。例如，在4000GHz频谱光纤上，200GHz的频率间隔要求20保护护频，在100GHz的频率间隔需要40保护带。因此，Quasi-CWDM网络具有更高的频谱，比DWDM网络高效。此外，总成本的降低也在图7中可以观察到，这意味着更大的频率栅格也可以降低网络成本。
(2)动态交通需求
我们在动态IP流量需求下也对在Quasi-CWDM上IP网络的性能进行了评估。将其来和EON网络进行了对比。对EON网络，我们假设每个光纤上 有320个FSs个，且每个FS具有12.5GHz。每个节点对之间的通信负载为5Erlang。每个到达的IP流量带宽是在一个范围内的(10，100)GB/s随机产生，每个通道带宽有最小值FSmin和最大值16FSs(相当于200GHz)。对每一个弹性通道设置的最小数目的FSs的目的是避免保护频带太多浪费频谱资源。如果通道的有效带宽太小，保护频带相对浪费将升高。动态模型仿真105个IP流量到达事件。
图8显示了随着FSmin的增加带宽阻塞概率的变化。注意，当FSmin等于16，这意味着一个光信道分配的FSs的最小和最大值是相等的。这就相当于Quasi-CWDM的情况，每一个光通道是一个200GHz的超级光通道。我们看到，随着FSmin变大，IP流量的带宽阻塞概率降低，当网络配置为Quasi-CWDM光网络(即，FSmin＝16)，带宽阻塞概率是最低的，这意味着Quasi-CWDM网络容量效率高于EON。
综上，我们提出了一个新的具有频谱高效和成本节约的准粗波分复用(Quasi-CWDM)网络架构。近似于传统的DWDM网络，新的网络架构不需要昂贵的灵活山歌栅格波长选择开关，但通过使用至少200GHz大小的固定的准粗波分复用栅格，能支持超级光通道。在Quasi-CWDM网络中的超级光通道，其调制格式可以根据速率要求和信道物理条件灵活的选择，其中，一个混合整数线性优化模型被提出来最大化整个服务的IP通信请求。我们从成本角度已经评估了Quasi-CWDM网络架构，且估算了Quasi-CWDM网络在频谱使用的效率，同时也考虑在IP over Quasi-CWDM网络的子波长流量疏导。另外，频谱效率通过动态仿真来计算带宽阻塞率。结果表明，Quais-CWDM网络具有更高的频谱效率和更低的硬件成本。
以上对本发明所提供的一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保 护范围内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种准粗波分复用光网络的设计方法，其特征在于，包括：
    根据实际速率要求和信道物理条件，自适应地选择光通道的调制格式，以此选择最优的调制格式来平衡建设成本和频谱效率；
    其中，所述光通道的频谱栅格具有预设固定带宽，所述预设固定带宽至少为200GHz。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的设计方法，其特征在于，所述根据实际速率要求和信道物理条件，自适应地选择光通道的调制格式，包括：
    利用MILP模型对所述光通道的调制格式进行选择，包括：
    将所述实际速率要求和信道物理条件作为所述MILP模型的输入，所述MILP模型以最大化整个通信服务的通信需求为第一目标，以最小化建设成本为第二目标，输出所述最优的调制格式。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的设计方法，其特征在于，所述光通道为超级光通道。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的设计方法，其特征在于，所述预设固定带宽为200GHz。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的设计方法，其特征在于，所述准粗波分复用光网络包括至少两个所述光通道，所述至少两个光通道中相邻光通道之间的频率间隔为25Hz。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的设计方法，其特征在于，所述光通道的调制格式包括BPSK、QPSK或者8QAM。
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