WO2016208826A1 - 유전자를 분석하는 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
유전자를 분석하는 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016208826A1 WO2016208826A1 PCT/KR2015/012922 KR2015012922W WO2016208826A1 WO 2016208826 A1 WO2016208826 A1 WO 2016208826A1 KR 2015012922 W KR2015012922 W KR 2015012922W WO 2016208826 A1 WO2016208826 A1 WO 2016208826A1
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- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B30/00—ICT specially adapted for sequence analysis involving nucleotides or amino acids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
Definitions
- a method and apparatus for analyzing genes and more particularly, a method and apparatus for analyzing data regarding translocation genes.
- a genome is all the genetic information of a living thing.
- various technologies such as DNA chips, Next Generation Sequencing technology, and Next Next Generation Sequencing technology have been developed.
- Analysis of genetic information such as nucleic acid sequences, proteins, etc., is widely used to find genes that express diseases such as diabetes and cancer, or to identify correlations between genetic diversity and individual expression characteristics.
- the genetic data collected from the individual is important in identifying the genetic characteristics of the individual associated with different symptoms or disease progression. Therefore, genetic data such as nucleic acid sequences, proteins, etc. of an individual are essential data for identifying current and future disease-related information to prevent disease or select an optimal treatment method at an early stage of disease.
- Recently, with the development of sequencing technology many attempts have been made to discover various kinds of structural variations, but the generation of significant amounts of false positives or false negatives is still in bioinformatics. Disprove many challenging elements).
- a method of analyzing a gene obtains data about split reads and discreetly aligned paired-end reads from next generation sequencing (NGS) data of a test sample.
- NGS next generation sequencing
- the identifying may include extracting, from the extracted first candidate gene pairs, second candidate gene pairs including a gene in which a plurality of split reads having breakpoints belonging to the same coverage are arranged.
- the transgenic gene is identified from the extracted second candidate gene pairs.
- the gene included in the extracted second candidate gene pairs may have the number of split leads having the break point belonging to the same coverage to be greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
- the identifying may include a third candidate in which the fusion direction between different genes among the extracted second candidate gene pairs is from 5 'end to 3' end, or from 3 'end to 5' end. Extracting gene pairs, wherein the translocation gene is identified from the extracted second candidate gene pairs.
- the NGS data includes data in a binary version of SAM (BAM) format or a Sequence Alignment / Map (SAM) format.
- BAM binary version of SAM
- SAM Sequence Alignment / Map
- the acquiring step may acquire data of FLAG and Compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report (CIGAR) strings for the split leads and the PE leads from the data of the BAM format or the SAM format.
- CIGAR Compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report
- the NGS data is generated by targeted sequencing to identify base sequences of target genes in the test sample.
- test sample is a biopsy sample or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample.
- FFPE formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
- a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method on a computer.
- an apparatus for analyzing a gene may include data about split reads and paired-end reads that are discreetly aligned from next generation sequencing (NGS) data of a test sample.
- a lead analyzing unit to obtain; And extracting the first candidate gene pairs that are likely to be translocation within the chromosome of the test sample using the split reads and the PE reads, and the break points represented by the split reads and the first read.
- a translocation identifier that identifies a translocation gene among the first candidate gene pairs based on a fusion direction of the first candidate gene pairs.
- the translocation identifier extracts second candidate gene pairs including a gene in which a plurality of split leads having breakpoints belonging to the same coverage are arranged among the extracted first candidate gene pairs, and the translocation gene is extracted. Second candidate gene pairs.
- the gene included in the extracted second candidate gene pairs may have the number of split leads having the break point belonging to the same coverage to be greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
- the translocation identifier may further include a third candidate gene in which the fusion direction between different genes is from 5 'end to 3' end, or from 3 'end to 5' end among the extracted second candidate gene pairs. Pairs are extracted and the translocation gene is identified from the extracted second candidate gene pairs.
- the NGS data includes data in a binary version of SAM (BAM) format or a Sequence Alignment / Map (SAM) format.
- BAM binary version of SAM
- SAM Sequence Alignment / Map
- the read analyzer obtains data of FLAG and Compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report (CIGAR) strings for the split leads and the PE leads from the data of the BAM format or the SAM format.
- CIGAR Compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report
- the NGS data is generated by targeted sequencing to identify base sequences of target genes in the test sample.
- test sample is a biopsy sample or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample.
- FFPE formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
- FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a gene analysis apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating hardware configurations of a gene analysis apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing PE leads according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating misaligned PE leads according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing split leads, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing an IGV (Integrative Genomics Viewer) screenshot comparing reads obtained from a biopsy sample of a subject according to an embodiment with reference gene data.
- IGV Intelligent Genomics Viewer
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an IGV screenshot comparing reads obtained from an FFPE sample of a subject according to an embodiment with reference gene data.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method of identifying a translocation gene by extracting candidate gene pairs from the translocation identification unit, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing extracting second candidate gene pairs using break points of split reads, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining extraction of third candidate gene pairs using appropriateness of a fusion direction according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a result of identifying translocation genes of EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4) and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) according to one embodiment.
- EML4 echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4
- ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method of analyzing a gene, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating hardware configurations of a computing device according to an embodiment.
- a method of analyzing a gene obtains data about split reads and discreetly aligned paired-end reads from next generation sequencing (NGS) data of a test sample.
- NGS next generation sequencing
- a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method on a computer.
- an apparatus for analyzing a gene may include data about split reads and paired-end reads that are discreetly aligned from next generation sequencing (NGS) data of a test sample.
- a lead analyzing unit to obtain; And extracting the first candidate gene pairs that are likely to be translocation within the chromosome of the test sample using the split reads and the PE reads, and the break points represented by the split reads and the first read.
- a translocation identifier that identifies a translocation gene among the first candidate gene pairs based on a fusion direction of the first candidate gene pairs.
- a part when a part is connected to another part, it includes not only a case where the part is directly connected, but also an electric part connected between other components in between. .
- a part when a part includes a certain component, this means that the component may further include other components, not to exclude other components unless specifically stated otherwise.
- the terms "... unit”, “... module” described in the embodiments means a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which is implemented in hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software. Can be implemented.
- FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a gene analysis apparatus according to an embodiment.
- the genetic analysis apparatus 10 may transfer translocation to a test gene of a test sample by using reference gene data 20 of a normal population and test gene data 30 obtained from a test biological sample of a test subject. translocation) genes can be identified.
- the test gene data 30 received by the genetic analysis device 10 may be NGS data obtained by next generation sequencing (NGS), and the NGS data may be in a binary version of SAM (BAM) format or SAM ( Sequence Alignment / Map) format may include genetic data.
- BAM format or SAM format can usually be used as a format that describes data relating to short reads.
- the file in BAM format or SAM format may include text data about start point of read, direction of read, mapping quality, FLAG indicating alignment order, Compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report (CIGAR) string, and the like. .
- FLAG is an alignment pair of a primary alignment-primary alignment pair, a primary alignment-secondary alignment pair, a secondary alignment-primary alignment pair, or a secondary alignment-secondary alignment pair. It may be an identifier for identifying. By creating various alignment pairs, various supporting reads can be obtained.
- Reference gene data 20 may be obtained from a database already known in the art such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Gene®Expression Omnibus (GEO), or the like, or to analyze a subject's genes. It may be from biological samples of the recruited people.
- NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
- GEO Gene®Expression Omnibus
- the reference genes included in the reference gene data 20 or the test genes included in the test gene data 30 may be obtained from biopsy tissue, formalin-fixed tissue, or paraffin-embedded tissue. It may be obtained.
- Translocation refers to a phenomenon in which a cleavage occurs in a portion of a chromosome and the cleaved fragment is bound to another portion or another chromosome in the same chromosome, which in turn means structural variation of the chromosome.
- the genetic analysis apparatus 10 may determine whether the translocation gene exists in the test gene data 30 obtained from the test sample of the subject compared with the reference gene data 20 obtained from the normal population.
- the gene analyzed by the genetic analysis device 10 may refer to a nucleic acid such as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), and the like.
- the normal population may refer to a population composed of ordinary people who have not found a specific disease, such as cancer or a tumor, and the subject may refer to a patient where a specific disease such as cancer or a tumor is found. have. Meanwhile, in the present embodiments, the normal population and the subject may correspond to other animals other than humans.
- the genetic analysis apparatus 10 may be implemented with at least one processor having a function of data processing for analyzing various genetic data 20 and 30 to identify translocation genes and performing various algorithms.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating hardware configurations of a gene analysis apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the genetic analysis apparatus 10 may include a read analyzer 110 and a translocation identifier 120.
- the gene analysis apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 2 only shows the components related to the present embodiment in order to prevent the features of the present embodiment from being blurred, the gene analysis apparatus 10 is shown in FIG. In addition to the components, other general purpose components may be further included.
- the read analyzer 110 splits reads and discordantly aligned PE from next generation sequencing (NGS) data of the test sample, which is included in the test gene data 30 described above with reference to FIG. 1. Obtain data about paired-end leads.
- NGS next generation sequencing
- the NGS data included in the test gene data 30 is data in a BAM format or a SAM format, and the read analyzer 110 reads each of the split leads and the PE leads from the data in the BAM format or the SAM format.
- Text data regarding a start point of a read, a read direction, a mapping quality, a FLAG indicating an order of alignment, and a compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report (CIGAR) string may be acquired.
- NGS techniques such as whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES), and the like are known.
- WGS whole genome sequencing
- WES whole exome sequencing
- the NGS data according to the present embodiment may be generated by targeted sequencing for identifying nucleotide sequences of some target genes, but not the entire genome in a test sample.
- test sample may be a biopsy sample obtained from the subject, a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample.
- FFPE formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- the translocation identifier 120 extracts the first candidate gene pairs that are likely to be translocation in the chromosome of the test sample using split reads and mismatched PE reads.
- a gene sequenced into split reads, or a gene sequenced into mismatched PE leads, may be considered a candidate with a high probability that the nucleotide sequence of some of the genes may differ from the reference gene (the gene of normal person).
- the translocation identifier 120 identifies the translocation gene among the first candidate gene pairs based on the break points indicated by the split leads and the fusion direction of the first candidate gene pairs.
- the translocation identifier 120 may extract second candidate gene pairs including genes in which a plurality of split leads having break points belonging to the same coverage are arranged among the first candidate gene pairs. That is, the translocation gene can be identified from second candidate gene pairs compressed to a narrower range than the first candidate gene pairs.
- the number of split leads having break points belonging to the same coverage may be greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold. Coverage refers to an error range of break points that can be considered the same break point in consideration of sequencing errors. For example, when the predetermined threshold is three, genes having three or more split leads having break points within the same coverage may be included in the second candidate gene pairs.
- the predetermined threshold value may be variously changed.
- the translocation identifier 120 may include a third candidate gene pair having a fusion direction between 5'ends and 3'ends or between 3'ends and 5'ends among the second candidate gene pairs. Can extract them. That is, the translocation gene can be identified from third candidate gene pairs compressed to a narrower range than the second candidate gene pairs. For example, a fusion gene in which the 3 ′ end of gene A and the 3 ′ end of gene B are combined may be a meaningless fusion gene that does not have a function of biological expression. Therefore, the translocation identification unit 120 extracts the third candidate gene pairs by filtering gene pairs having inappropriate fusion directions among the second candidate gene pairs in consideration of the fusion direction.
- the translocation identification unit 120 may finally determine that the gene pair included in the third candidate gene pairs is a translocation gene.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing PE leads according to an exemplary embodiment.
- sequencing of PE means sequencing a test gene of a test sample at both ends, respectively.
- the nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, etc.) 300 of the test sample to be sequenced is 500bp (base pair) in size. If the read size is set to 100 bp, PE leads 310 and 320 may be generated by sequencing from both ends of nucleic acid 300. Since the read size is smaller than the size of the nucleic acid 300, separate reads may not be generated for the remaining portions of the nucleic acid 300. Meanwhile, the sequencing of the PE according to the present exemplary embodiment may sequence not only the exon 305 but also the intron to obtain the PE leads 310 and 320. The reason for using the sequencing of the PE will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating misaligned PE leads according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the transgenic gene may be a combination of different genes within the same chromosome or different genes within different chromosomes.
- the gene sequence on the 5 'end and the gene sequence on the 3' end of the translocation gene are derived from different genes.
- the nucleotide sequence of the PE leads 410 and 420 will be clear from the nucleotide sequence of the reference gene of the normal person corresponding to the sequencing positions.
- the PE lead 410 is mapped to any gene 401 present in chromosome 2 and the PE lead 420 is present in chromosome 3 based on the nucleotide sequence of the reference gene of a normal person. ), It can be inferred that each of the PE leads 410 and 420 may have originated from a fusion gene (translocation gene) present in the test sample. Such leads may be defined as misaligned PE leads 410 and 420. Gene pairs 401 and 402 mapped to such mismatched PE leads 410 and 420 may be included in the first candidate gene pairs described above.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing split leads, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the split read 510 refers to a read having a nucleotide sequence only partially matching the base sequence of the reference gene and not matching the other portion.
- a read corresponding to the test gene of the test sample matches the base sequence of the corresponding reference gene, it can be considered that there is no structural variation in the base sequence of the test gene.
- the split read 510 if only a part of the base sequence of the reference gene and some of the others do not match, it can be inferred that the base sequence of the test gene is different from the base sequence of the reference gene. Accordingly, the genes 501 and 502 mapped to the split read 510 may be included in the first candidate gene pairs described above.
- the split read 511 matches only 75 base sequences with gene A 501 and the remaining 25 base sequences do not match gene A 501. Is not the lead.
- the split read 512 matches only 80 nucleotide sequences with the gene A 501 and the remaining 20 nucleotide sequences do not match the gene A 501. to be.
- the read analyzer 110 of FIG. 1 may obtain data of such split leads from data of a BAM format or a SAM format.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing an IGV (Integrative Genomics Viewer) screenshot comparing reads obtained from a biopsy sample of a subject according to an embodiment with reference gene data.
- IGV Intelligent Genomics Viewer
- the leads 610 that match the nucleotide sequence of a reference gene are displayed in gray color.
- the reads 620 that do not match the base sequence of the reference gene are displayed in various colors other than gray. That is, the leads 620 represented in various colors are likely to correspond to, for example, misaligned PE leads or split leads.
- the read analyzer 110 of FIG. 1 obtains data on reads 620 having a nucleotide sequence different from that of the reference gene.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an IGV screenshot comparing reads obtained from an FFPE sample of a subject according to an embodiment with reference gene data.
- the chromosomal location of the reference gene (eg, ALK gene) in the IGV screenshot 700 shown in FIG. 7 is similar to the chromosomal location in the IGV screenshot 600 shown in FIG. 6.
- IGV screenshot 700 is more colorful than IGV screenshot (600 in FIG. 6). This means that there are more reads (eg, PE reads, split reads) that do not match the nucleotide sequence of the reference gene than in the case of FIG. 6. The reason is that in the case of Fig. 7, the reference gene is obtained from the FFPE sample. Since the life of the biopsy sample is short, FFPE is an essential treatment to maintain the biochemical properties of the biopsy sample for a long time. Unlike the biopsy sample, the FFPE sample has chemical variations and structural variations due to the FFPE treatment, so that there are many more mismatched leads than the case of FIG. 6.
- the FFPE sample has chemical variations and structural variations due to the FFPE treatment, so that there are many more mismatched leads than the case of FIG. 6.
- the test gene of the test sample is obtained from the biopsy sample or the FFPE sample, removes false positive or false negative judgments, Or can be reduced. It will be described more continuously below.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method of identifying a translocation gene by extracting candidate gene pairs from the translocation identification unit, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the translocation identification unit 120 uses the data regarding the split reads and the mismatched PE reads acquired by the read analysis unit 110 to identify the first candidate gene pairs that are likely to be translocations. Extract.
- the translocation identifier 120 may use the split reads using data regarding reads that match the nucleotide sequence of the reference gene in the IGV screenshot 600 or 700 described above with reference to FIG. 6 or 7.
- the first candidate gene pairs may be extracted by various combinations of genes mapped to and genes mapped to mismatched PE leads.
- the translocation identifier 120 extracts second candidate gene pairs including genes in which a plurality of split leads having break points belonging to the same coverage are aligned. As described above, if the number of split leads with break points belonging to the same coverage is above a predetermined threshold, the gene mapped to those split leads is considered to be more likely to have the actual break points of the translocation gene. Can be. Accordingly, the translocation identifier 120 selects, among the first candidate gene pairs, genes in which a plurality of split leads having breakpoints belonging to the same coverage are arranged as second candidate gene pairs. That is, genes included in the second candidate gene pairs may be genes that are more likely to be translocation genes than genes included in the first candidate gene pairs.
- the translocation identifier 120 extracts third candidate gene pairs in which the fusion direction between different genes is 5 'to 3' end or 3 'to 5' end. Even if the pairs of genes that are expected to be fusion genes (translocation genes) included in the second candidate gene pairs are not translocation genes when the fusion direction is inappropriate. Accordingly, whether the fusion direction of the different genes is appropriate, that is, the translocation identifier 120 determines that the fusion direction of the gene pairs included in the second candidate gene pairs is 5 'to 3' end or 3 'to 5'. 'Determine whether it is properly bound in the direction of the end, and filter the appropriate gene pairs as third candidate gene pairs. That is, genes included in the third candidate gene pairs may be genes that are more likely to be translocation genes than genes included in the second candidate gene pairs.
- the translocation identifier 120 identifies that the gene pairs included in the third candidate gene pairs correspond to the translocation gene.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing extracting second candidate gene pairs using break points of split reads, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- a plurality of split leads 910 may be mapped to a gene (gene X) 900 of a test sample.
- the gene X 900 to which the split leads 910 are mapped may be included in the first candidate gene pairs.
- Data for the break points 920 may be mapped to the split leads 910, respectively. Since the split reads 910 may exist due to various causes such as sequencing error, gene insertion, gene deletion, etc., even if multiple split reads 910 are mapped to gene X 900, gene X ( 900) cannot be determined to be a part of the translocation gene.
- the translocation gene is assigned to gene X 900. It can be considered that there is a high possibility that a break point of. Thus, if the number of split leads 930 having break points 940 belonging to the same coverage is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, gene X 900 is identified as likely to correspond to a portion of the translocation gene. That is, gene X 900 may be extracted as being a gene included in the second candidate gene pairs.
- the break points represented by the split leads 930 having the actual break points may not be exactly the same due to various reasons such as sequencing errors. Therefore, it may be desirable for the translocation identifier 120 to determine whether the breakpoint exists within a predetermined range (ie, coverage), rather than determining whether the breakpoint is the same value.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining extraction of third candidate gene pairs using appropriateness of a fusion direction according to one embodiment.
- translocation identifier 120 determines gene X ( 1010) and the fusion direction of the gene Y (1020) can be determined.
- the fusion genes 1030 and 1040 on chromosome 2 (1001) and chromosome 1002 are combined with the 3 'end of gene X (1010) and the 5' end of gene Y (1020), and thus, translocation identifier 120 It may be determined that the fusion direction of the fusion gene 1030 is appropriate.
- the fusion genes 1030 and 1040 having the proper fusion direction are the third candidate gene pairs, and thus, the translocation identifier 120 determines that the gene pairs included in the third candidate gene pairs It is judged that it is a translocation gene.
- the actual translocation gene is identified by eliminating or reducing false positive judgments through the determination of the break point and the fusion direction. I can do it.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a result of identifying translocation genes of EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4) and ALK, according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 11 data is shown for the translocation gene of EML4-ALK identified through the analysis of translocation genes described above.
- the IGV screenshot 1101 on the right shows the leads mapped to EML4, and the IGV screenshot 1102 on the left shows the leads mapped to ALK.
- Leads mapped to EML4 are split at break point coverage of 42536701 to 42559688, and leads mapped to ALK are split at breakpoint coverage of 29415639 to 29446500.
- 39 supporting leads were used to identify the translocation gene of EML4-ALK.
- FIG. 11 is only a simulation result of verifying the identification result of the translocation gene by applying the gene analysis method described in the present embodiments to a test sample of an actual patient, and thus the present embodiments are not limited by FIG. 11.
- the gene analysis method includes steps that are processed in time series in the gene analysis apparatus 10 described in the foregoing figures. Therefore, even if omitted below, the contents described above may be applied to the genetic analysis method of FIG. 12.
- the read analyzer 110 obtains data regarding split leads and mismatched PE leads from next generation sequencing (NGS) data of a test sample.
- NGS next generation sequencing
- the translocation identifier 120 extracts the first candidate gene pairs that are likely to be translocated in the chromosome of the test sample using split reads and mismatched PE reads.
- the translocation identifier 120 identifies the translocation gene among the first candidate gene pairs based on the break points indicated by the split leads and the fusion direction of the first candidate gene pairs.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating hardware configurations of a computing device according to an embodiment.
- the computing device 1 includes a genetic analysis device (processor) 10, a data interface 11, and a memory 12.
- the computing device 1 shown in FIG. 13 has only general components related to the present embodiment in order to prevent the features of the present embodiment from being blurred. Therefore, the computing device 1 shown in FIG. Components may be further included.
- the data interface 11 receives the reference gene data 20 of the normal population and the test gene data 30 of the subject described in FIG. 1. That is, the data interface 11 may be implemented in hardware of a wired / wireless network interface for the computing device 1 to communicate with other external devices. The data interface 11 transmits the received genetic data 20 and 30 to the genetic analysis device (processor) 10.
- the data interface 11 may receive the test gene data 30 of the test subject from an external next-generation sequencing device, a microarray, or the like for sequencing the test gene of the test subject.
- the memory 12 is hardware for storing data to be processed in the computing device 1 and the processed results, and memory chips such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), or a hard disk (HDD). drive, solid state drive (SSD), and the like. That is, the memory 12 may store the genetic data 20 and 30 received by the data interface 11 and store the first to third candidate gene pairs processed by the genetic analysis device (processor) 10. Relevant data, data on the identified transgenes, etc. can be stored.
- RAM random access memory
- ROM read only memory
- HDD hard disk
- SSD solid state drive
- Genetic analysis device (processor) 10 is a module implemented in one or more processing units, which may be implemented as a combination of a microprocessor having an array of multiple logic gates and a memory module storing a program that can be executed on the microprocessor. have. Genetic analysis device (processor) 10 may be implemented in the form of a module of an application program. The genetic analysis device (processor) 10 is a hardware device for processing the gene analysis described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12.
- Information about the translocation gene identified by the genetic analysis device (processor) 10 is transmitted via the data interface 11 to another external device, such as a display device, another computing device, or the like, or an external network, eg For example, it can be transmitted over the Internet, public database (DB) server.
- another external device such as a display device, another computing device, or the like, or an external network, eg For example, it can be transmitted over the Internet, public database (DB) server.
- DB public database
- the translocation gene can be detected from cancer tissue of a subject (eg, a cancer patient). Furthermore, even if genes (test genes) of cancer tissue (test sample) obtained from a subject are slightly damaged chemically by FFPE treatment, the translocation gene can be accurately determined.
- the device may include a processor, a memory for storing and executing program data, a persistent storage such as a disk drive, a communication port for communicating with an external device, a touch panel, a key, a button, and the like. And a user interface device.
- Methods implemented by software modules or algorithms may be stored on a computer readable recording medium as computer readable codes or program instructions executable on the processor.
- the computer-readable recording medium may be a magnetic storage medium (eg, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), floppy disk, hard disk, etc.) and an optical reading medium (eg, CD-ROM). ) And DVD (Digital Versatile Disc).
- the computer readable recording medium can be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.
- the medium is readable by the computer, stored in the memory, and can be executed by the processor.
- This embodiment can be represented by functional block configurations and various processing steps. Such functional blocks may be implemented in various numbers of hardware or / and software configurations that perform particular functions.
- an embodiment may include an integrated circuit configuration such as memory, processing, logic, look-up table, etc. that may execute various functions by the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices. You can employ them.
- the present embodiment includes various algorithms implemented in C, C ++, Java (data structures, processes, routines or other combinations of programming constructs). It may be implemented in a programming or scripting language such as Java), an assembler, or the like.
- the functional aspects may be implemented with an algorithm running on one or more processors.
- the present embodiment may employ the prior art for electronic environment setting, signal processing, and / or data processing.
- Terms such as “mechanism”, “element”, “means” and “configuration” can be used widely and are not limited to mechanical and physical configurations. The term may include the meaning of a series of routines of software in conjunction with a processor or the like.
- connection or connection members of the lines between the components shown in the drawings by way of example shows a functional connection and / or physical or circuit connections, in the actual device replaceable or additional various functional connections, physical It may be represented as a connection, or circuit connections.
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Claims (17)
- 피검 샘플의 차세대 시퀀싱(NGS) 데이터로부터, 스플릿 리드들(split reads) 및 불일치(discordantly) 정렬된 PE(paired-end) 리드들에 관한 데이터를 획득하는 단계;상기 스플릿 리드들 및 상기 PE 리드들을 이용하여 상기 피검 샘플의 염색체 내 전좌(translocation)의 가능성이 있는 제 1 후보 유전자 쌍들을 추출하는 단계; 및상기 스플릿 리드들이 나타내는 브레이크 포인트들(break points) 및 상기 제 1 후보 유전자 쌍들의 퓨전(fusion) 방향에 기초하여, 상기 제 1 후보 유전자 쌍들 중에서 전좌 유전자를 식별하는 단계를 포함하는, 유전자를 분석하는 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 식별하는 단계는상기 추출된 제 1 후보 유전자 쌍들 중에서, 동일한 커버리지에 속한 브레이크 포인트를 갖는 복수의 스플릿 리드들이 정렬된 유전자를 포함하는 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들을 추출하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 전좌 유전자는상기 추출된 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들로부터 식별되는, 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 추출된 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들에 포함된 상기 유전자는상기 동일한 커버리지에 속한 상기 브레이크 포인트를 갖는 상기 스플릿 리드들의 개수가 소정 임계값 이상인, 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 식별하는 단계는상기 추출된 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들 중에서, 서로 다른 유전자들 간의 상기 퓨전 방향이 5’엔드(end)부터 3’엔드이거나, 또는 3’엔드부터 5’엔드인 제 3 후보 유전자 쌍들을 추출하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 전좌 유전자는상기 추출된 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들로부터 식별되는, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 NGS 데이터는BAM(binary version of SAM) 포맷 또는 SAM(Sequence Alignment/Map) 포맷의 데이터를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 획득하는 단계는상기 BAM 포맷 또는 상기 SAM 포맷의 데이터로부터, 상기 스플릿 리드들 및 상기 PE 리드들 각각에 대한 FLAG 및 CIGAR(Compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report) 스트링의 데이터를 획득하는, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 NGS 데이터는상기 피검 샘플에서 표적 유전자들의 염기서열을 식별하기 위한 표적 시퀀싱(targeted sequencing)에 의해 생성되는, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 피검 샘플은생검 샘플 또는 포르말린-고정 파라핀-내장(Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, FFPE) 샘플인, 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 8 항 중에 어느 한 항의 방법을 컴퓨터에서 실행시키기 위한 프로그램을 기록한 컴퓨터로 읽을 수 있는 기록매체.
- 피검 샘플의 차세대 시퀀싱(NGS) 데이터로부터, 스플릿 리드들(split reads) 및 불일치(discordantly) 정렬된 PE(paired-end) 리드들에 관한 데이터를 획득하는 리드 분석부; 및상기 스플릿 리드들 및 상기 PE 리드들을 이용하여 상기 피검 샘플의 염색체 내 전좌(translocation)의 가능성이 있는 제 1 후보 유전자 쌍들을 추출하고, 상기 스플릿 리드들이 나타내는 브레이크 포인트들(break points) 및 상기 제 1 후보 유전자 쌍들의 퓨전(fusion) 방향에 기초하여, 상기 제 1 후보 유전자 쌍들 중에서 전좌 유전자를 식별하는 전좌 식별부를 포함하는, 유전자를 분석하는 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 전좌 식별부는상기 추출된 제 1 후보 유전자 쌍들 중에서, 동일한 커버리지에 속한 브레이크 포인트를 갖는 복수의 스플릿 리드들이 정렬된 유전자를 포함하는 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들을 추출하고,상기 전좌 유전자는상기 추출된 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들로부터 식별되는, 장치.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 추출된 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들에 포함된 상기 유전자는상기 동일한 커버리지에 속한 상기 브레이크 포인트를 갖는 상기 스플릿 리드들의 개수가 소정 임계값 이상인, 장치.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 전좌 식별부는상기 추출된 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들 중에서, 서로 다른 유전자들 간의 상기 퓨전 방향이 5’엔드(end)부터 3’엔드이거나, 또는 3’엔드부터 5’엔드인 제 3 후보 유전자 쌍들을 추출하고,상기 전좌 유전자는상기 추출된 제 2 후보 유전자 쌍들로부터 식별되는, 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 NGS 데이터는BAM(binary version of SAM) 포맷 또는 SAM(Sequence Alignment/Map) 포맷의 데이터를 포함하는, 장치.
- 제 14 항에 있어서,상기 리드 분석부는상기 BAM 포맷 또는 상기 SAM 포맷의 데이터로부터, 상기 스플릿 리드들 및 상기 PE 리드들 각각에 대한 FLAG 및 CIGAR(Compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report) 스트링의 데이터를 획득하는, 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 NGS 데이터는상기 피검 샘플에서 표적 유전자들의 염기서열을 식별하기 위한 표적 시퀀싱(targeted sequencing)에 의해 생성되는, 장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 피검 샘플은생검 샘플 또는 포르말린-고정 파라핀-내장(Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, FFPE) 샘플인, 장치.
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| CN110491441A (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-11-22 | 西安交通大学 | 一种模拟人群背景信息的基因测序数据仿真系统及方法 |
| CN110491441B (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2022-04-22 | 西安交通大学 | 一种模拟人群背景信息的基因测序数据仿真系统及方法 |
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