WO2016197769A1 - 一种基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统 - Google Patents

一种基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016197769A1
WO2016197769A1 PCT/CN2016/081386 CN2016081386W WO2016197769A1 WO 2016197769 A1 WO2016197769 A1 WO 2016197769A1 CN 2016081386 W CN2016081386 W CN 2016081386W WO 2016197769 A1 WO2016197769 A1 WO 2016197769A1
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user
session key
attribute
data
ciphertext
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French (fr)
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张鹏
喻建平
刘宏伟
孙志伟
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/10Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40Network security protocols
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H04L63/083Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using passwords
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1095Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of cloud storage services, and in particular relates to a cloud storage ciphertext access control system based on table attributes.
  • the cloud storage service provider is the physical owner of the data, but not in the same trust domain as the data owner.
  • a cloud storage service provider manages multiple users and their resources. When users access other user resources across borders, they need to adopt certain access control policies to control access to data and services.
  • the cloud storage service platform adopts the virtualized storage technology, the cloud storage service is loosely coupled with the underlying hardware environment, and the data of different users lacks a fixed security boundary, thereby increasing the cloud storage. The difficulty of the service platform to implement access control on data.
  • an Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) scheme describes a user identity by an attribute, and a user private key and a ciphertext are respectively associated with a set of attributes, and when the user private key attribute and the ciphertext attribute match each other When the threshold is set, the user can successfully decrypt the ciphertext.
  • ABE Attribute-based Encryption
  • the ABE scheme can only support the threshold access control policy.
  • a Cipher Policy Attribute-based Encryption (CP-ABE) scheme is proposed.
  • the ciphertext is related to the access policy, and the user private key is related to the attribute set.
  • the user can successfully decrypt the ciphertext only if the attribute of the user's private key satisfies the ciphertext access policy.
  • the CP-ABE solution greatly reduces the network bandwidth and node computing overhead caused by fine-grained access control of data sharing, and is one of the most suitable ciphertext access control technologies for cloud storage platforms.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a cloud storage ciphertext access control system based on a table attribute, which aims to solve the problem that a cloud storage platform adopting the CP-ABE solution deploys attributes and access policies through a table, because the attribute set is large and the access structure is complicated. , making the CP-ABE scheme implementation inefficient.
  • the present invention is implemented as a cloud storage ciphertext access control system based on a table attribute, the system comprising:
  • a management end running by the authentication center, configured to generate and distribute a user private key to each legal user, where the user private key is associated with an attribute of the corresponding user;
  • the client running by the user is used to select a session key and encrypt the data to be uploaded when uploading data to the cloud, and then according to whether the threshold of the parent node corresponding to each leaf node on the access tree is 1. Classifying each leaf node, and further classifying the set of leaf nodes whose parent node has a threshold of 1 according to the type of the parent node, and then encrypting the session key according to the classification result to obtain the session key ciphertext.
  • the session key ciphertext and the encrypted data are uploaded to the cloud, and are used to download the session key ciphertext and the corresponding shared data from the cloud when the data is downloaded from the cloud, and is related to the private key of the user.
  • the session key is decrypted to obtain the session key, and then the corresponding shared data is decrypted by using the decrypted session key.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an access control method for a cloud storage ciphertext access control system based on a table attribute as described above, the method comprising:
  • the certification center runs the management terminal, generates a system public key and a master private key, and uploads the system public key to the cloud;
  • the authentication center runs the management terminal to authenticate the user as a legitimate user according to the system join request sent by the user.
  • the user's private key is calculated and distributed to the user.
  • the data belongs to the main running client, and the session key is selected and encrypted for the data to be uploaded, and then the leaf nodes are determined according to whether the threshold of the parent node corresponding to each leaf node in the access tree is 1. Performing classification, and further classifying the set of leaf nodes whose parent node has a threshold of 1 according to the type of the parent node, and then encrypting the session key according to the classification result to obtain the session key ciphertext, and then the The session key ciphertext and the encrypted data are uploaded to the cloud;
  • the shared user runs the client, downloads the session key ciphertext and the corresponding shared data from the cloud, and when the attribute associated with the private key of the user meets the access structure tree, the session key is decrypted to obtain the session key, and then the session key is decrypted.
  • the corresponding shared data is decrypted using the decrypted session key.
  • the data owner belongs to the encryption process, and according to whether the threshold of the parent node corresponding to each leaf node on the access structure tree is 1, The leaf nodes are classified, and the collection of leaf nodes whose parent node has a threshold of 1 is further classified according to the type of the parent node, and then the data is encrypted according to the classification result and then uploaded to the cloud.
  • the ciphertext length obtained by the data owner, the cryptographic calculation amount, and the decryption calculation amount of the subsequent shared user are only related to the attribute set whose parent node threshold is not 1, and in the access structure tree, the threshold value is 1 corresponding to the gate. Otherwise, it corresponds to the AND gate.
  • the system overhead is only related to the parent node's attribute set of the AND gate.
  • the OR gate in the access structure tree increases, the calculation cost and communication of the system relative to the existing CP-ABE scheme.
  • the overhead will be greatly reduced, enabling users to provide privacy protection, data sharing and access control services more efficiently.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a cloud storage ciphertext access control system based on a table attribute provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an access control method of a cloud storage ciphertext access control system based on a table attribute provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an access tree of the present invention.
  • the table attribute has the following two characteristics: First, the attribute is classified, as shown in Table 1 below is a roster of an enterprise:
  • the same attribute type or gate (OR gate) in the access structure tree is more than the AND gate (AND gate).
  • AND gate AND gate
  • the probability of occurrence of the serial number 001OR 002OR 003 is higher. Large, the serial number 001AND 002AND 003 has a very low probability of occurrence. Therefore, in the present invention, in the encryption process, the data owner classifies each leaf node according to whether the threshold of the parent node corresponding to each leaf node on the access tree is 1, and further according to the type of the parent node, The collection of the leaf nodes whose threshold is 1 on the parent node is classified, and then the data is encrypted according to the classification result and uploaded to the cloud.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of a table attribute-based cloud storage ciphertext access control system provided by the present invention. For the convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown.
  • the system of the present invention includes: a management terminal 11 operated by an authentication center for generating and distributing a user private key to each legal user, the user private key being associated with the attribute of the corresponding user; and the client running by the user 12, when the data is uploaded to the cloud, the session key is selected and encrypted according to the data to be uploaded, and then the leaf nodes are performed according to whether the threshold of the parent node corresponding to each leaf node on the access tree is 1.
  • Classification and further classifying the set of leaf nodes whose parent node has a threshold of 1 according to the type of the parent node, and then encrypting the session key according to the classification result to obtain the session key ciphertext, and then the session key ciphertext And encrypted data is uploaded to the cloud and also used in the cloud
  • the session key ciphertext and the corresponding shared data are downloaded from the cloud, and when the attribute associated with the private key of the user meets the access tree, the session key is decrypted to obtain the session key, and then the session key is used.
  • the decrypted session key decrypts the corresponding shared data.
  • the legal user of the system can be divided into the data owner and the shared user, the data owner and the shared user are the running entities of the client 12, and the authentication center is the running body of the management terminal 11.
  • the data owner refers to the provider of the shared data in the cloud, the data owner formulates the access policy, and encrypts the data to be uploaded based on the access policy, and then the encrypted data is hosted to the cloud; the shared user (ie, the visitor) ) is to download the shared data from the cloud and share the ciphertext data that the user accesses the cloud.
  • the shared user can successfully decrypt the ciphertext only if the attributes in the private key of the shared user meet the access policy defined in the cipher text.
  • the certificate authority establishes a system and accepts user registration, and is responsible for generating a user private key associated with its respective attributes for each user. It should be understood that the purpose of defining the data owner and the shared user is to distinguish that the function of the main body running the client 12 during the running of the system is to upload data or download data, so that the data owner in a certain running process of the system can It is another shared user in the running process. Similarly, the shared user in a certain running process of the system can be the data owner in another running process.
  • the working principle of the cloud storage ciphertext access control system based on the table attribute of the present invention is: after the system is established, the authentication center runs the management terminal 11, generates the system public key and the main private key, and uploads the system public key to the cloud.
  • the client 12 is run to issue a system join request to the authentication center.
  • the authentication center runs the management terminal 11, and according to the system join request, the user is authenticated as a legitimate user, and the user's private key is calculated. And distributed to the user.
  • the data belongs to the main running client 12, and the session key is selected and encrypted according to the data to be uploaded, and then according to whether the threshold of the parent node corresponding to each leaf node in the access tree is 1.
  • Classify each leaf node and further classify the set of leaf nodes whose parent node has a threshold of 1 according to the type of the parent node, and then add the session key according to the classification result.
  • Obtain the session key ciphertext and then upload the session key ciphertext and the encrypted data to the cloud.
  • the shared user downloads data from the cloud
  • the shared user runs the client 12
  • downloads the session key ciphertext and the corresponding shared data from the cloud and when the attribute associated with the private key of the user meets the access tree, the session is dense.
  • the key ciphertext decrypts the session key, and then decrypts the corresponding shared data by using the decrypted session key.
  • the data owner performs the leaf node according to whether the threshold of the parent node corresponding to each leaf node on the access tree is 1. Classification, and further classifying the set of leaf nodes whose parent node has a threshold of 1 according to the type of the parent node, and then encrypting the data according to the classification result and uploading it to the cloud.
  • the ciphertext length obtained by the data owner, the cryptographic calculation amount, and the decryption calculation amount of the subsequent shared user are only related to the attribute set whose parent node threshold is not 1, and in the access structure tree, the threshold value is 1 corresponding to the gate.
  • the system overhead is only related to the parent node's attribute set of the AND gate.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow of an access control method for a cloud storage ciphertext access control system based on a table attribute provided by the present invention, comprising the following steps:
  • the authentication center runs the management terminal 11, generates a system public key and a master private key, and uploads the system public key to the cloud.
  • step of generating the system public key and the master private key may further comprise the following steps:
  • the authentication center runs the management terminal 11, and according to the system joining request sent by the user, the user is authenticated as a legitimate user, and when the user is a legitimate user, the user's private key is calculated and distributed to the user.
  • step of calculating the user's private key of the user further includes the following steps:
  • the authentication center uses the attribute space U to allocate a corresponding attribute set S, a set of attributes, according to the role or identity of the user.
  • D is a bilinear group
  • D j is a bilinear group Element on
  • D' j is a bilinear group The element on it.
  • S3 The data belongs to the main running client 12, and the session key is selected and encrypted according to the data to be uploaded, and then the leaf nodes are classified according to whether the threshold of the parent node corresponding to each leaf node in the access tree is 1. And further classifying the set of leaf nodes whose parent node has a threshold of 1 according to the type of the parent node, and then encrypting the session key according to the classification result to obtain the session key ciphertext, and then the session key ciphertext and The encrypted data is uploaded to the cloud.
  • step S3 further includes the following steps:
  • the data belongs to the main running client 12, selects the session key ck, and encrypts the data M to be uploaded by using a symmetric encryption algorithm to obtain the encrypted data E ck (M).
  • C is the calculation of the root node
  • C y is the calculation of the attribute value corresponding to the attribute y
  • C' y is the calculation of the table class of the attribute y.
  • all leaf nodes in Y 1i have the same C y
  • S4 The shared user runs the client 12, downloads the session key ciphertext and the corresponding shared data from the cloud, and decrypts the session key ciphertext to obtain the session secret when the attribute associated with the private key of the user meets the access tree. The key is then decrypted by the decrypted session key to decrypt the corresponding shared data.
  • step S4 may further comprise the following steps:
  • the shared user runs the client 12, downloads the session key ciphertext CT and the corresponding shared data E ck (M) from the cloud, and inputs the system public key PK, the private key SK S corresponding to the attribute set S owned by the user, And the key ciphertext CT.
  • DecryptNode(CT, SK, x) the recursive function DecryptNode(CT, SK, x) is defined as follows:
  • node x is a leaf node and its parent node has a threshold k x >1, then define:
  • a C is the attribute set contained in ciphertext c
  • a C1 is the attribute set whose parent node threshold is 1 and N is the number of parent nodes satisfying the condition
  • a C2 is the attribute set whose parent node threshold is greater than 1, so there is
  • Definition A u is a set of user attributes, and S represents a minimum set of attributes that satisfy the access structure. The efficiency comparison between the present invention and the classic BSW07 scheme is shown in Table 2 below:
  • the private key length of the present invention is slightly longer than the BSW07 scheme and the present invention.
  • the ciphertext length and the encryption calculation amount in the BSW07 scheme are all related to
  • the ciphertext length, encryption calculation amount, and decryption calculation amount of the proposed method are related to
  • the ciphertext length of the BSW07 scheme is The amount of encryption calculation is The ciphertext length of the method of the present invention is The amount of encryption calculation is At the same time, the more efficiency improvements in the access tree in the access tree, the more significant the improvement.
  • the data owner belongs to each leaf node in the access structure tree in the encryption process. Whether the threshold of the parent node is 1, to classify each leaf node, and further classify the set of leaf nodes whose parent node has a threshold of 1 according to the type of the parent node, and then encrypt and upload the data according to the classification result.
  • the threshold value is 1 corresponding to the gate.
  • the system overhead is only related to the parent node's attribute set of the AND gate.

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Abstract

本发明属于云存储服务技术领域,提供了一种基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统及其访问控制方法。该系统及方法中,数据属主在加密过程中,根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对数据加密后上传至云端。这样,数据属主得到的密文长度、加密计算量和后续共享用户的解密计算量均只与父节点阈值不为1的属性集合有关,而在访问结构树中,阈值为1对应或门,否则对应与门,因此可以说,系统开销只与父节点为与门的属性集合有关,当访问结构树中的或门增加时,系统的计算代价和通信开销将大为降低。

Description

一种基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统 技术领域
本发明属于云存储服务技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统。
背景技术
在云存储服务平台中,由于采用数据远程托管技术,云存储服务提供商是数据的物理拥有者,却与数据属主并不在同一个信任域中。云存储服务提供商管理着多个用户及其资源,当用户跨边界访问其它用户资源时,需要采用一定的访问控制策略来控制对数据和服务的访问。但实际中,由于云存储服务平台是采用虚拟化存储技术,云存储服务同底层硬件环境之间是松耦合的,不同用户的数据间缺乏固定不变的安全边界,由此增加了在云存储服务平台对数据实施访问控制的难度。
现有技术中,基于属性的加密(Attribute-based Encryption,ABE)方案以属性描述用户身份,用户私钥和密文分别与一组属性相关,当用户私钥属性与密文属性相互匹配度达到设定门限值时,用户才能成功解密密文。
但ABE方案仅能支持门限访问控制策略,为了表达更灵活的访问控制策略,基于密文策略的属性加密(Cipher Policy Attribute-based Encryption,CP-ABE)方案被提出。在CP-ABE方案中,密文与访问策略相关,用户私钥与属性集合相关,当且仅当用户私钥的属性满足密文的访问策略时,用户才能成功解密密文。CP-ABE方案极大地降低了数据共享细粒度访问控制带来的网络带宽和结点计算的开销,是最适合于云存储平台的密文访问控制技术之一。
对于采用CP-ABE方案的云存储平台,考虑企业应用场景,属性与访问策略需要通过表格部署。但由于属性集合较为庞大,访问结构十分复杂,CP-ABE 方案在云存储平台中的执行效率很低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统,旨在解决现有采用CP-ABE方案的云存储平台通过表格部署属性与访问策略,由于属性集合庞大、访问结构复杂,使得CP-ABE方案执行效率低的问题。
本发明是这样实现的,一种基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统,所述系统包括:
由认证中心运行的管理端,用于生成并向每一合法用户分发用户私钥,所述用户私钥与对应用户的属性相关联;
由用户运行的客户端,用于在上传数据到云端时,对需上传的数据选取会话密钥并进行加密,之后根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对所述会话密钥加密以得到会话密钥密文,之后将所述会话密钥密文和加密后的数据上传到云端,还用于在从云端下载数据时,从云端下载会话密钥密文和对应的共享数据,并当与自身用户私钥相关联的属性满足访问结构树时,由会话密钥密文解密得到会话密钥,之后利用解密得到的所述会话密钥解密所述对应的共享数据。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种如上所述的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法,所述方法包括:
认证中心运行管理端,生成系统公钥与主私钥,将所述系统公钥上传至云端;
认证中心运行管理端,根据用户发出的系统加入请求,认证用户是否为合法用户,并当用户为合法用户时,计算用户的用户私钥,并分发给用户;
数据属主运行客户端,对需上传的数据选取会话密钥并进行加密,之后根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点 进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对所述会话密钥加密以得到会话密钥密文,之后将所述会话密钥密文和加密后的数据上传到云端;
共享用户运行客户端,从云端下载会话密钥密文和对应的共享数据,并当与自身用户私钥相关联的属性满足访问结构树时,由会话密钥密文解密得到会话密钥,之后利用解密得到的所述会话密钥解密所述对应的共享数据。
本发明提供的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统及其访问控制方法中,数据属主在加密过程中,根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对数据加密后上传至云端。这样,数据属主得到的密文长度、加密计算量和后续共享用户的解密计算量均只与父节点阈值不为1的属性集合有关,而在访问结构树中,阈值为1对应或门,否则对应与门,因此可以说,系统开销只与父节点为与门的属性集合有关,当访问结构树中的或门增加时,相对于现有的CP-ABE方案,系统的计算代价和通信开销将大为降低,从而能够更高效的为用户提供隐私保护、数据共享与访问控制服务。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的结构图;
图2是本发明提供的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法的流程图;
图3是本发明的一种访问结构树实例图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅 仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
针对现有技术存在的问题,考虑到表格属性具有如下两个特点:一、属性是分类的,如下表1所示为一企业的花名册:
表1
序号 姓名 性别 职位 部门
001 Alan 首席执行官 总部
002 John 总经理 总部
003 Alex 经理 人力资源部
004 Steven 经理 财务部
上表中,所有属性被分为5种类型;二、访问结构树中同种属性类型或门(OR门)多于与门(AND门),如上表所示,序号001OR 002OR 003发生概率较大,序号001AND 002AND 003发生概率极低。从而,本发明中,数据属主在加密过程中,根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对数据加密后上传至云端。
图1示出了本发明提供的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的结构,为了便于说明,仅示出了与本发明相关的部分。
具体而言,本发明的系统包括:由认证中心运行的管理端11,用于生成并向每一合法用户分发用户私钥,用户私钥与对应用户的属性相关联;由用户运行的客户端12,用于在上传数据到云端时,对需上传的数据选取会话密钥并进行加密,之后根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对会话密钥加密以得到会话密钥密文,之后将会话密钥密文和加密后的数据上传到云端,还用于在从云 端下载数据时,从云端下载会话密钥密文和对应的共享数据,并当与自身用户私钥相关联的属性满足访问结构树时,由会话密钥密文解密得到会话密钥,之后利用解密得到的会话密钥解密对应的共享数据。
本发明中,系统的合法用户可被区分为数据属主和共享用户,数据属主、共享用户分别是客户端12的运行主体,认证中心是管理端11的运行主体。其中,数据属主是指云端上共享数据的提供方,数据属主制定访问策略,并基于访问策略对需上传的数据进行加密,之后将加密后的数据托管至云端;共享用户(即访问者)是指从云端下载共享数据方,共享用户访问云端存储的密文数据,只有当共享用户的用户私钥中的属性满足密文中定义的访问策略,共享用户才能成功解密密文;认证中心是指除数据属主和共享用户之外、与云端交互的可信第三方,认证中心建立系统并接受用户注册,负责为每个用户生成关联其各自属性的用户私钥。应当理解,定义数据属主与共享用户的目的是为了区别运行客户端12的主体在系统某次运行过程中的功能是上传数据或下载数据,因而在系统某次运行过程中的数据属主可以是另一次运行过程中的共享用户,同样地,在系统某次运行过程中的共享用户可以是另一次运行过程中的数据属主。
本发明的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的工作原理是:系统建立后,认证中心运行管理端11,生成系统公钥与主私钥,将系统公钥上传至云端。
用户若希望加入系统,则运行客户端12,向认证中心发出系统加入请求,认证中心运行管理端11,根据该系统加入请求,认证该用户是否为合法用户,是则计算该用户的用户私钥,并分发给该用户。
当数据属主上传数据时,数据属主运行客户端12,对需上传的数据选取会话密钥并进行加密,之后根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对会话密钥加 密以得到会话密钥密文,之后将会话密钥密文和加密后的数据上传到云端。
当共享用户从云端下载数据时,共享用户运行客户端12,从云端下载会话密钥密文和对应的共享数据,并当与自身用户私钥相关联的属性满足访问结构树时,由会话密钥密文解密得到会话密钥,之后利用解密得到的会话密钥解密对应的共享数据。
本发明提供的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统中,数据属主在加密过程中,根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对数据加密后上传至云端。这样,数据属主得到的密文长度、加密计算量和后续共享用户的解密计算量均只与父节点阈值不为1的属性集合有关,而在访问结构树中,阈值为1对应或门,否则对应与门,因此可以说,系统开销只与父节点为与门的属性集合有关,当访问结构树中的或门增加时,相对于现有的CP-ABE方案,系统的计算代价和通信开销将大为降低,从而能够更高效的为用户提供隐私保护、数据共享与访问控制服务。
图2示出了本发明提供的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法的流程,包括以下步骤:
S1:认证中心运行管理端11,生成系统公钥与主私钥,将系统公钥上传至云端。
进一步地,生成系统公钥与主私钥的步骤又可包括以下步骤:
S11:定义
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000001
是阶为素数p的双线性群,g为
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000002
的生成元。定义双线性映射
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000003
是一个哈希函数。定义系统的属性空间U={U1,…,Um},对于
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000004
与属性集合S,属性集合
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000005
定义拉格朗日系数
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000006
S12:输入安全参数λ,选择随机数
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000007
并计算h=gβ,u=gα和 v=e(g,g)α,进而根据公式
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000008
得到系统公钥PK,并根据公式MK=(β,u)得到主私钥MK。
S2:认证中心运行管理端11,根据用户发出的系统加入请求,认证用户是否为合法用户,并当用户为合法用户时,计算用户的用户私钥,并分发给用户。
进一步地,计算用户的用户私钥的步骤又包括以下步骤:
S21:认证中心利用属性空间U,根据用户的角色或身份,为用户分配相应的属性集合S,属性集合
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000009
S22:输入主私钥MK和用户的属性集合S,为用户选取随机数
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000010
并为属性集合S中的每一属性j∈S选取随机数
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000011
依照下式计算用户私钥SK:
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000012
其中,type(j)为属性j所在的表格门类,D为双线性群
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000013
上的元素,Dj为双线性群
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000014
上的元素,
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000015
为双线性群
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000016
上的元素,D'j为双线性群
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000017
上的元素。
S3:数据属主运行客户端12,对需上传的数据选取会话密钥并进行加密,之后根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对会话密钥加密以得到会话密钥密文,之后将会话密钥密文和加密后的数据上传到云端。
进一步地,步骤S3又包括以下步骤:
S31:数据属主运行客户端12,选取会话密钥ck,并采用对称加密算法加密需上传的数据M,得到加密后的数据Eck(M)。
S32:输入系统公钥PK、会话密钥ck、以及访问结构树
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000018
对于访问结构树
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000019
中的每个节点x,设置其孩子节点数为numx,设置其阈值为tx,且有0<tx≤numx,定义多项式qx的度为dx,且dx=tx-1,节点x的孩子节点依次标记序号为1,…,numx,index(x)为返回节点x的序号,att(x)为返回与节点x相关联的 属性,type(att(x))为返回属性att(x)所在的表格门类,之后对于访问结构树
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000020
的根节点,选取随机数
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000021
并设定qR(0)=s,进一步随机选择dR个子节点来完整定义多项式qR,对于访问结构树
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000022
的除根节点以外的其它节点x,设定qx(0)=qparent(index(x)),进一步随机选择dx个子节点来完整定义多项式qx。其中系统的公钥PK是由数据属主从云端下载而得到的。
S33:对于访问结构树
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000023
的叶子节点x,若叶子节点x的父节点parent(x)的阈值tparent(x)=1,则qx(0)=qparent(x)(0),令Y1为访问结构树
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000024
中该类叶子节点的集合、Y2是访问结构树
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000025
中余下的叶子节点的集合,并进一步根据Y1中各叶子节点的父节点类型的不同,将Y1划分为Y11,Y12,…。
S34:根据如下公式对会话密钥加密,计算得到会话密钥密文CT:
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000026
其中,
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000027
为对会话密钥的计算,C为对根节点的计算,Cy为对属性y对应的属性值的计算,C'y为对属性y所在表格门类的计算。特别地,Y1i中的所有叶子节点具有相同的Cy,若不同叶子节点的属性属于相同的类型,则它们具有相同的C'y
S35:将会话密钥密文CT和加密后的数据Eck(M)上传到云端。
S4:共享用户运行客户端12,从云端下载会话密钥密文和对应的共享数据,并当与自身用户私钥相关联的属性满足访问结构树时,由会话密钥密文解密得到会话密钥,之后利用解密得到的会话密钥解密对应的共享数据。
进一步地,步骤S4又可包括以下步骤:
S41:共享用户运行客户端12,从云端下载会话密钥密文CT和对应的共享数据Eck(M),并输入系统公钥PK、用户拥有的属性集合S所对应的私钥SKS、以及密钥密文CT。
S42:共享用户调用预先定义的递归函数
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000028
若共享用户的属性集合S满足访问结构树
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000029
则计算解密信息A为:
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000030
本发明中,递归函数DecryptNode(CT,SK,x)的定义如下:
a、如果节点x是叶子节点,且其父节点的阈值kx>1,则定义:
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000031
b、如果节点x是叶子节点,且其父节点的阈值kx=1,则定义:
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000032
c、如果节点x是非叶子节点,对节点x的所有子节点z,递归调用DecryptNode(CT,SK,z)并输出Fz。定义Sx是任意tx个节点z的集合,且Fz≠⊥,依照下式计算Fx,若找不到满足条件的Sx集合,则Fx=⊥:
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000033
S43:根据下式对会话密钥密文CT解密,得到会话密钥ck:
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000034
S44:根据解密得到的会话密钥ck和共享数据Eck(M),解密得到数据M。
以下对上述基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法的效率进行分析:
定义
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000036
表示群上的点乘运算,Ce表示双线性对运算。令
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000038
中元素长度分别为
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000040
是有限域
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000041
上元素的长度。定义AC是密文c所包含的属性集,AC1是父节点阈值为1的属性集且N为满足条件的父节点个数,AC2是父节点阈值大于1的属性集,于是有|AC|=|AC1|+|AC2|。定义Au是用户属性集,S表示满足访问结构的最小属性集合。本发明与经典BSW07方案的效率对比分析如下表2所示:
表2
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000042
根据如上表2所示,对比BSW07方案和本发明,本发明的私钥长度稍长。然而,BSW07方案中的密文长度、加密计算量均与|AC|相关,而本发明所提方法的密文长度、加密计算量、解密计算量均与|AC2|相关,由于|AC|>|AC2|,故而本发明显著改善了密文访问控制方法的通信与计算效率。
若数据属主采用如图3所示的访问结构树执行加密过程,BSW07方案的密文长度为
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000043
加密计算量为
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000044
本发明方法的密文长度为
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000045
加密计算量为
Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-000046
同时,访问结构树中或门越多效率改进越显著。
综上所述,本发明提供的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统及其访问控制方法中,数据属主在加密过程中,根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应 的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对数据加密后上传至云端。这样,数据属主得到的密文长度、加密计算量和后续共享用户的解密计算量均只与父节点阈值不为1的属性集合有关,而在访问结构树中,阈值为1对应或门,否则对应与门,因此可以说,系统开销只与父节点为与门的属性集合有关,当访问结构树中的或门增加时,相对于现有的CP-ABE方案,系统的计算代价和通信开销将大为降低,从而能够更高效的为用户提供隐私保护、数据共享与访问控制服务。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来控制相关的硬件完成,所述的程序可以在存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中,所述的存储介质,如ROM/RAM、磁盘、光盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统,其特征在于,所述系统包括:
    由认证中心运行的管理端,用于生成并向每一合法用户分发用户私钥,所述用户私钥与对应用户的属性相关联;
    由用户运行的客户端,用于在上传数据到云端时,对需上传的数据选取会话密钥并进行加密,之后根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对所述会话密钥加密以得到会话密钥密文,之后将所述会话密钥密文和加密后的数据上传到云端,还用于在从云端下载数据时,从云端下载会话密钥密文和对应的共享数据,并当与自身用户私钥相关联的属性满足访问结构树时,由会话密钥密文解密得到会话密钥,之后利用解密得到的所述会话密钥解密所述对应的共享数据。
  2. 一种如权利要求1所述的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    认证中心运行管理端,生成系统公钥与主私钥,将所述系统公钥上传至云端;
    认证中心运行管理端,根据用户发出的系统加入请求,认证用户是否为合法用户,并当用户为合法用户时,计算用户的用户私钥,并分发给用户;
    数据属主运行客户端,对需上传的数据选取会话密钥并进行加密,之后根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对所述会话密钥加密以得到会话密钥密文,之后将所述会话密钥密文和加密后的数据上传到云端;
    共享用户运行客户端,从云端下载会话密钥密文和对应的共享数据,并当与自身用户私钥相关联的属性满足访问结构树时,由会话密钥密文解密得到会 话密钥,之后利用解密得到的所述会话密钥解密所述对应的共享数据。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法,其特征在于,所述生成系统公钥与主私钥的步骤包括以下步骤:
    定义
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100001
    是阶为素数p的双线性群,g为
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100002
    的生成元,定义双线性映射e:H:
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100004
    是一个哈希函数,定义系统的属性空间U={U1,…,Um},对于
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100005
    与属性集合S,所述属性集合
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100006
    定义拉格朗日系数
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100007
    输入安全参数λ,选择随机数
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100008
    并计算h=gβ,u=gα和v=e(g,g)α,进而根据公式
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100009
    得到系统公钥PK,并根据公式MK=(β,u)得到主私钥MK。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法,其特征在于,所述计算用户的用户私钥的步骤包括以下步骤:
    认证中心利用所述属性空间U,根据用户的角色或身份,为用户分配相应的属性集合S,所述属性集合
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100010
    输入主私钥MK和用户的属性集合S,为用户选取随机数
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100011
    并为属性集合S中的每一属性j∈S'选取随机数
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100012
    依照下式计算用户私钥SK:
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100013
    其中,type(j)为属性j所在的表格门类,D为双线性群
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100014
    上的元素,Dj为双线性群
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100015
    上的元素,
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100016
    为双线性群
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100017
    上的元素,D'j为双线性群
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100018
    上的元素。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法,其特征在于,所述数据属主运行客户端,对需上传的数据选取会话密钥并进行加密,之后根据访问结构树上每一叶子节点对应的父节点的阈值是否为1、来对各叶子节点进行分类,并进一步根据父节点类型的不同、对父节点的阈值为1的叶子节点的集合进行分类,之后根据分类结果对所述会话密钥加 密以得到会话密钥密文,之后将所述会话密钥密文和加密后的数据上传到云端的步骤包括以下步骤:
    数据属主运行客户端,选取会话密钥ck,并采用对称加密算法加密需上传的数据M,得到加密后的数据Eck(M);
    输入系统公钥PK、会话密钥ck、以及访问结构树
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100019
    对于访问结构树
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100020
    中的每个节点x,设置其孩子节点数为numx,设置其阈值为tx,且有0<tx≤numx,定义多项式qx的度为dx,且dx=tx-1,节点x的孩子节点依次标记序号为1,…,numx,index(x)为返回节点x的序号,att(x)为返回与节点x相关联的属性,type(att(x))为返回属性att(x)所在的表格门类,之后对于访问结构树
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100021
    的根节点,选取随机数
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100022
    并设定qR(0)=s,进一步随机选择dR个子节点来完整定义多项式qR,对于访问结构树
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100023
    的除根节点以外的其它节点x,设定qx(0)=qparent(index(x)),进一步随机选择dx个子节点来完整定义多项式qx
    对于访问结构树
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100024
    的叶子节点x,若叶子节点x的父节点parent(x)的阈值tparent(x)=1,则qx(0)=qparent(x)(0),令Y1为访问结构树
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100025
    中该类叶子节点的集合、Y2是访问结构树
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100026
    中余下的叶子节点的集合,并进一步根据Y1中各叶子节点的父节点类型的不同,将Y1划分为Y11,Y12,…;
    根据如下公式对会话密钥加密,计算得到会话密钥密文CT:
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100027
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100028
    为对会话密钥的计算,C为对根节点的计算,Cy为对属性y对应的属性值的计算,C'y为对属性y所在表格门类的计算;
    将会话密钥密文CT和加密后的数据Eck(M)上传到云端。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的基于表格属性的云存储密文访问控制系统的访问控制方法,其特征在于,所述共享用户运行客户端,从云端下载会话密钥密文和 对应的共享数据,并当与自身用户私钥相关联的属性满足访问结构树时,由会话密钥密文解密得到会话密钥,之后利用解密得到的所述会话密钥解密所述对应的共享数据的步骤包括以下步骤:
    共享用户运行客户端,从云端下载会话密钥密文CT和对应的共享数据Eck(M),并输入系统公钥PK、用户拥有的属性集合S所对应的私钥SKS、以及密钥密文CT;
    共享用户调用预先定义的递归函数
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100029
    若共享用户的属性集合S满足访问结构树
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100030
    则计算解密信息A为:
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100031
    根据下式对会话密钥密文CT解密,得到会话密钥ck:
    Figure PCTCN2016081386-appb-100032
    根据解密得到的会话密钥ck和共享数据Eck(M),解密得到数据M。
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