WO2016187862A1 - 一种尾矿资源回收工艺 - Google Patents

一种尾矿资源回收工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016187862A1
WO2016187862A1 PCT/CN2015/080030 CN2015080030W WO2016187862A1 WO 2016187862 A1 WO2016187862 A1 WO 2016187862A1 CN 2015080030 W CN2015080030 W CN 2015080030W WO 2016187862 A1 WO2016187862 A1 WO 2016187862A1
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Prior art keywords
cylinder
slurry
mineral
primary
machine
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PCT/CN2015/080030
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张宝祥
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张宝祥
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Priority to US15/576,429 priority Critical patent/US10722903B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/080030 priority patent/WO2016187862A1/zh
Publication of WO2016187862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016187862A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/10—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers
    • B03C1/14—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers with non-movable magnets
    • B03C1/145—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers with non-movable magnets with rotating annular or disc-shaped material carriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/12—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
    • B03C1/033—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
    • B03C1/0332—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit using permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/10—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers
    • B03C1/12—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers with magnets moving during operation; with movable pole pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/18—Magnetic separation whereby the particles are suspended in a liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to environmental remediation and resource recovery, and more particularly to a tailings resource recovery and environmental treatment process.
  • the existing equipment is usually only for the screening and purification of a relatively high content of minerals.
  • Other relatively low-grade minerals are discarded as tailings waste discharge, not for the various metal minerals contained in the tailings.
  • the operation of re-purification has resulted in the loss and waste of a large number of usable and valuable metal minerals, and the accumulation of a large number of tailings has also polluted the surrounding environment.
  • Tailings in general, refers to the waste discharged by the ore dressing plant under certain economic and technical conditions, after separating the useful components, that is, the solid waste remaining after the ore is selected for the concentrate. Tailings are a major component of industrial solid waste and contain a certain amount of useful metals and non-metallic minerals. It can be regarded as a composite mineral material such as silicate or carbonate, and has the characteristics of fine particle size, large quantity, pollution and maintenance environment.
  • a tailings recovery process comprising the steps of: mixing a slurry comprising a first mineral containing mineral with water in a interior of a finishing cylinder of a finishing machine from an inlet to an outlet Wherein the central axis of the selected cylinder is substantially horizontally arranged; while the slurry flows, the selected cylinder is driven to rotate about its central axis, and the cylinder is continuously rotated to cause the slurry to repeatedly rise and fall in the selected cylinder.
  • the slurry is precisely selected by a sorter disposed at a predetermined distance from the inner wall of the selected cylinder near the wall of the selected cylinder, the sorter being substantially parallel to the central axis of the selected cylinder, tumbled in the inner chamber of the selected cylinder And the agitated slurry and the selected mineral material pass through a gap between the inner wall of the finishing cylinder and the sorter; the selected mineral in the slurry is obtained by a magnetic field disposed on the circumference of the finishing cylinder and the sorter During the ascending and falling process, it is attached to the inner wall of the selected cylinder by the action of the magnetic field, and moves upwards with the rotation of the selective cylinder to reach the blanking area located above the inner chamber of the selective cylinder
  • the invention has low energy consumption, high metal recovery rate, high metal recycling grade, and simultaneous separation and discharge of logistics and water, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of environmental pollution.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic flow of a tailings recovery process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a tailings recovery process in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow chart of a tailings recovery process in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a finishing cartridge used in a tailings recovery process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a tailings recovery process is also proposed, which can be used to extract mineral components in tailings.
  • the tailings recovery process it mainly includes processes such as primary selection, grinding, selection, and dehydration, as shown in FIG.
  • Stones include, but are not limited to, magnetite, hematite, vein tungsten, sand and tin, seashore sand, pyrrhotite, ilmenite, wolframite, coltan, coltan, monazite, and Tailings such as brown earth mines.
  • magnetite ore is mainly deposited metamorphic magnetite ore.
  • Most of the iron minerals in the ore are magnetite, mainly composed of fine-grained inlays, and the gangue minerals are mainly silicate minerals such as quartz or amphibole. In some cases, there are more iron silicates.
  • the tailings are first selected. Before entering the primary selection machine, it is generally necessary to grind the tailings into pellets. In the beneficiation according to the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 1, the processes including primary selection, grinding, selection, and dehydration are mainly included. In Figure 1, these steps are labeled as steps 110, 120, 130, and 140.
  • the granular tailings and water are supplied to the primary machine, and the mineral and water form a slurry, and at the same time, the slurry is moved from the inlet to the outlet inside the drum of the primary machine (ie, the primary cylinder).
  • the central axis of the cylinder is arranged in a horizontal direction;
  • a magnetic field is applied to the slurry in the cavity of the primary cylinder by a magnetic field distributed along the circumference of the primary cylinder such that the selected mineral (the first mineral, in this embodiment iron ore) in the slurry is attached to the initial stage.
  • the selected minerals in the material are repeatedly stirred under the action of the magnetic field during the ascending and falling inside the cylinder, and are combined with each other during the stirring to form a magnetic body.
  • the first mineral that has formed a magnetic group and/or a magnetic chain, after being aggregated into a sufficiently large magnetic group and/or magnetic chain, is attached to the inner wall of the primary cylinder and moves upward with the rotation of the cylinder to reach the primary cylinder a blanking area above the inner cavity;
  • the material other than the first mineral in the slurry enters the second receiving tank via the second outlet of the primary machine and exits the primary separator via the second receiving tank.
  • the particle size of the ore particles entering the primary selection machine can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the size of the ore particles entering the primary separator is in the range of about 60 to 120 mesh.
  • the speed and flow rate of the mineral material entering the primary selection machine can be determined according to the processing needs of the site.
  • the feed rate of the mineral material entering the primary separator may be about 10-20 tons per hour.
  • the design of the primary machine can increase throughput as needed, for example, it can reach 100 to 200 tons per hour.
  • the tailings ore material can be fed into the primary sorting machine through the feeder, and the water is transported together with the mineral material to the primary sorting machine, and the mineral material is screened by the primary sorting machine.
  • the primary selection machine by applying a toroidal magnetic field to the mineral material, the mineral material is stirred and tumbling in the drum of the primary selection machine, and the magnetic material and the magnetic group are formed by using the mineral material containing the magnetic mineral in the mineral material, and The rotation of the drum of the primary machine reaches above the drum to capture the magnetic mineral material.
  • the mineral material can be further selected to further improve the grade of the mineral powder.
  • the mineral material can be reground before being selected.
  • the ore components (such as iron ore) in the mineral material are better separated from impurities.
  • the primary slurry is conveyed to the slurry concentrator prior to grinding through the primary mineral.
  • the primary slurry is concentrated to reduce the water content and increase the slurry concentration, as shown in step 115 of Figure 2.
  • impurities having a specific gravity less than the effective mineral component can be discarded together with water, further increasing the content of mineral components in the primary slurry.
  • the water or waste from the pulp concentrator is sent to the dry-discharging machine for treatment, and after the water is removed, the waste slag is discharged and stacked in the tail slag yard;
  • the slurry is concentrated and can be set as needed.
  • the process of enriching the slurry may also be omitted.
  • the mineral composition is embedded in fine ore in the ore, in order to get a better selection.
  • the effect is that the mineral material needs to be reground before selection, as shown in step 120 of Figures 1-3.
  • the concentration and source of the slurry to be ground varies depending on the field process. In the absence of concentration of the slurry, the slurry after the primary screening is fed into the mill to further grind the slurry. If the slurry concentration step is set in the tailings recovery process, the concentrated slurry is fed into the mill.
  • the corresponding abrasive may be added as necessary to grind the mineral material in the slurry to make the mineral material into smaller particles, so that the magnetic material in the slurry is further separated from the non-magnetic material.
  • the ball mill is used to grind the mineral material.
  • the size of the ore after the abrasive is in the range of 80 to 150 mesh.
  • a fineness sorter may be provided to finely sort the ground slurry.
  • the ground slurry is conveyed to a fineness sorting machine for fine sorting, and the mineral material that does not meet the fineness requirement is returned to the abrasive machine for further grinding, and the mineral material meeting the fineness requirement is transferred to the finishing machine.
  • the mineral material is transferred to the finishing machine in the form of a slurry.
  • mineral particles having a particle size larger than 100 mesh can be sorted out, and then the over-calculated ore is conveyed back to the grinder to continue grinding.
  • the minerals that meet the requirements are transported to the next process until the minerals meet the requirements.
  • mineral materials that do not meet the fineness requirements are generally materials that are not magnetically and non-magnetically separated. It is necessary to return to the abrasive machine to continue grinding and separation until the separation requirements are met. However, the specific particle size needs to be determined based on different mineral components.
  • the primary particle size is between 60 and 120 mesh, and in the selection it is greater than 80 mesh.
  • the particles having a grain size of coarser than 80 mesh will be intercepted and returned to the mill for continued grinding, preferably, the mesh size is less than 90 mesh, more preferably will be low.
  • the minerals at 120 are sorted out and returned to the abrasive for continued grinding.
  • the ground minerals are selected in a selection machine.
  • the minerals meeting the particle size requirements are further selected, as shown in step 140 of the accompanying drawings.
  • the selection of minerals can include the following steps:
  • the mineral material here generally in the form of a slurry
  • water are supplied to the finishing machine, and the slurry formed by mixing the mineral material and the water moves from the inlet to the outlet inside the selected cylinder of the finishing machine, wherein the fine
  • the central axis of the selected cylinder of the machine is arranged substantially horizontally;
  • the finishing cylinder While the slurry flows, the finishing cylinder is driven to rotate about its own central axis, so that the slurry moves upward from the bottom of the drum along the inner wall of the finishing cylinder while advancing and then falls due to the action of gravity, the cylinder Continuous rotation, so that the slurry repeats the above ascending and falling process in the selected cylinder, and continuously stirs and rolls in the inner cavity of the selected cylinder;
  • the selected mineral (the first mineral, in this embodiment, iron ore) in the slurry is repeatedly stirred under the action of the magnetic field during the ascending and falling inside the finishing cylinder, and Combining with each other during agitation to form a magnetic group and/or a magnetic chain;
  • the first mineral that has formed a magnetic group and/or a magnetic chain, after being aggregated into a sufficiently large magnetic group and/or magnetic chain, is attached to the inner wall of the selective cylinder and moves upward with the rotation of the selective cylinder to reach above Blanking area
  • the material other than the selected mineral in the slurry enters the tailgate of the finishing machine at the bottom of the selected cylinder lumen and enters the tailings delivery system.
  • the magnetic field strength applied in the selection cylinder is less than the magnetic field strength in the primary selection machine.
  • the selected minerals enter the dewatering machine for separation of minerals from water, as shown in step 140 of the figure.
  • the separated fine powder material can be sent to the fine powder yard for stacking by means of a conveying device.
  • the slurry can be transported to the end.
  • the ore drainer performs dewatering as shown in step 135 of the drawings.
  • a process for sorting mineral or mineral materials is presented.
  • the steps of the process are similar to the steps in the previous embodiments, except for the new technical features described below.
  • the same or similar processes and steps will be simply described or omitted and will not be described in detail.
  • a tailings resource recovery process is proposed, the process also including the steps of primary selection, grinding, picking, and dehydrating, the primary selection, grinding, and dewatering steps in this embodiment.
  • the steps are the same as those described in the foregoing embodiments, and are not described herein again. Referring to Fig. 4, the following intelligent selection steps in the present embodiment will be specifically described.
  • the primary selected material is ground to the finishing machine 30 after grinding, or the ore is supplied to the finishing machine after grinding and fineness sorting.
  • the slurry 10 formed by mixing the mineral material and the water moves from the inlet to the outlet inside the finishing cylinder of the finishing machine, wherein the central axis of the finishing cylinder is substantially horizontally arranged;
  • the driving selection cylinder 31 is rotated about its own central axis, so that the slurry moves upward from the bottom of the drum along the inner wall of the finishing cylinder while advancing and then falls due to the action of gravity, continuously rotating the cylinder, The pulp is repeatedly repeated in the selected cylinder and the process of ascending and falling is continuously stirred and tumbling in the inner cavity of the selected cylinder;
  • a magnetic field is applied to the slurry by a magnetic field generating device disposed along the circumference of the finishing cylinder such that the selected mineral particles in the slurry are attached to the inner wall of the finishing cylinder, wherein the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field are substantially opposite to the direction in which the slurry advances. vertical;
  • the slurry is precisely sorted by a sorter 33 disposed at a predetermined distance from the inner wall of the selected cylinder near the wall of the selected cylinder; the sorter 33 is substantially parallel to the central axis of the selected cylinder 31, in the selective cylinder During the rotation, the slurry which is tumbling and stirring in the inner cylinder of the selected cylinder and the selected mineral material pass through the gap between the inner wall of the finishing cylinder and the sorter; preferably, in the lower part of the inner chamber of the selected cylinder
  • One or more sorters 33 are disposed adjacent to the wall of the barrel;
  • the selected mineral (the first mineral, in this embodiment, the iron ore) in the slurry is raised and fallen during the process by the magnetic field provided on the circumference of the selected cylinder and the sorter.
  • the action of the magnetic field is repeatedly stirred and combined with each other during the agitation to form a magnetic group and/or a magnetic chain, which are attached to the inner wall of the selective cylinder after being collected into a sufficiently large magnetic group and/or magnetic chain.
  • the rotation of the selected cylinder is always moved upwards to reach the blanking area above the inner cavity of the selection cylinder;
  • the material other than the selected mineral in the slurry enters the tailgate of the finishing machine at the bottom of the selected cylinder lumen and enters the tailings delivery system.
  • a sorter parallel to the central axis of the selective cylinder is also disposed upstream of the blanking mechanism of the blanking zone, so that the selected mineral material passes through the selection. After the gap between the inner wall of the cylinder and the sorter, the blanking zone is blanked.
  • the sorter is substantially parallel to the central axis of the selected barrel.
  • the sorter is made of a magnetically permeable material such as iron.
  • the sorter may be a metal rod made of iron or the like.
  • the sorter can be a hollow metal tube which can also be used for water supply at the same time.
  • the sorter does not rotate with the pick-up drum, for example, it can be attached to a bracket other than the pick-up drum. It will be appreciated, however, that the sorter can be configured to be movable during beneficiation, for example, to rotate with the selected cartridge.
  • the sorter can be arranged as needed, arranged along the inner wall of the finishing cylinder and spaced apart from each other, and can be fixed on the bracket outside the selecting cylinder, or can be fixed in the case where the cartridge is rotated. Select the barrel.
  • the slurry is divided into two parts, and the selected mineral materials, that is, the fine powder mineral materials, are sent to the fine powder yard after being dehydrated.
  • the tailings After screening, the tailings enter the tailings dry-discharging machine for dewatering and then piled up to the tailings field.
  • the slurry in the finishing machine is at a magnetic field strength that is less than the magnetic field strength in the primary machine.
  • Grab minerals with magnetic or magnetic induction in the selection machine to obtain selected minerals; materials that are not magnetic, are discarded into the tailings dry-discharging machine for treatment, and after removing moisture, dry waste Discharged and stacked in the tail slag yard.
  • the selection machine applies a toroidal magnetic field to the mineral material while making the ore
  • the material is stirred and tumbling in the drum of the finishing machine, and the magnetic flux and magnetic group are formed by using the mineral material containing the magnetic mineral in the mineral material, and the magnetic mineral material is grasped as the drum of the finishing machine rotates to reach above the drum.
  • the captured mineral material enters the first receiving tank above the drum, and the uncapped non-magnetic material flows out from the outlet end of the finishing machine through the tailing trough.
  • the slurry can be ground by a ball mill, and then the slurry is put into the fineness sorting machine, and the slurry having the predetermined fineness specification which meets the screening requirements in the slurry is discharged, and the next step is performed for the selected operation,
  • the slurry that failed to pass the fineness sorter was returned to the ball mill for secondary grinding.
  • the process of this process successfully solved the problem that the magnetic ore and the gangue and non-magnetic materials could not be separated from each other, and the magnetic ore could not be effectively magnetic.
  • the phenomenon of gathering occurs, and the occurrence of false abandonment of magnetic ore is eliminated.
  • the pulp entering the finishing machine can rapidly undergo magnetic aggregation phenomenon to form a "magnet" or "magnetic chain".
  • the "magnet” or “magnetic chain” is subjected to magnetic force in the slurry, and exhibits a tumbling state when moving toward the magnetic pole. Due to the change of the magnetic field value, the direction of magnetic field movement also changes. When the "magnet” or “magnetic flux” rolls in the direction of rotation of the cylinder, the slurry is also rolled in a multi-directional irregular shape, so the magnetic substance is more effectively Magnetic aggregation occurs.
  • the tailings recovery process according to the present invention includes processes of primary selection, concentration, grinding, fineness sorting, selection, and dehydration, as shown in FIG.
  • slurry concentration it is necessary to select and set the appropriate slurry concentration. If the concentration of the slurry is too high, the sorting concentration will be too high, which will seriously affect the quality of the concentrate. At this point, the concentrate particles are easily covered and wrapped by finer gangue particles and are not sorted. Causes a decrease in grade. If the concentration of the slurry is too low, the grinding cost will be greatly increased, and the mining rate will be reduced, which is not conducive to the grinding process. In addition, if the concentration of the slurry is too low, the sorting concentration is too low, the flow rate is increased, and the sorting time is relatively shortened, which causes the magnetic particles that have been selected to be selected to be unselected due to the excessive flow rate. Therefore, depending on the equipment parameters and the type of minerals, setting the corresponding slurry concentration is also one of the factors for achieving good beneficiation.
  • the selected first mineral is delivered to the next process in the form of a slurry.
  • slurry concentration is required to increase grinding efficiency.
  • water is necessary to add water to the selection machine to dilute the slurry.
  • the captured useful slurry flows into the slurry concentrator, and then a large amount of fresh water is added during the selection process to lower the slurry concentration.
  • the slurry concentration after slurry concentration prior to milling is in the range of 30% to 35%.
  • the concentration of the slurry entering the finishing machine is in the range of 25% to 35% (the weight of the mineral in the slurry), and then the fresh water is added at the same time.
  • the slurry concentration in the first feed tank of the finishing machine can range from 30% to 40%.
  • the slurry concentration entering the tailings tank can be in the range of 10% to 60%.
  • the Applicant obtained a set of particle size parameters which were applied to the above-mentioned tailings recovery process in the present disclosure to obtain a good beneficiation effect.
  • the primary particle size may be in the range of 60-120 mesh, and in the beneficiation more than 80 mesh.
  • the ore particles having a grain size of coarser than 80 mesh will be intercepted and returned to the abrasive machine for continued grinding, preferably, the mesh size is below 90, more preferably will be low.
  • the ore particles at 120 are sorted out and returned to the abrasive for continued grinding.
  • the grinding apparatus can be a ball mill.
  • the fineness of the ground mineral of the ball mill can be as high as 200 mesh.
  • the fineness of the ore that is supplied to the finishing machine or the primary machine can be as high as 300 mesh.
  • the size of the ore material entering the primary or selective machine should be finer than 80 mesh.
  • the particle size of the mineral particles of the selected seed is preferably in the range of 80 to 200 mesh, more preferably in the range of 80 to 120 mesh.
  • the mesh number referred to herein is used to define the particle size or thickness of the material and is generally defined as the number of holes in the screen within 1 square inch.
  • the sieve size is the size of the sieve through which the particles can pass through the screen, and is expressed as the number of sieve holes in the screen of 1 inch (25.4 mm) in length, and is therefore referred to as the mesh number.
  • the number of meshes mentioned in this paper is consistent with the standards for mesh in the field of engineering technology in China (refer to the Taylor Standard Screen in the United States). For example, the correspondence between the number of meshes mentioned above and the size of the granularity is as follows:
  • the required feed rate can be set practically, for example 20 tons per hour (T).
  • the maximum can be as high as 100-200T per hour.
  • both the primary and the selective cylinder are made of a wear resistant material that is magnetically penetrated and does not affect the magnetic field, such as stainless steel or hard wear resistant plastic. Materials, or other suitable materials.
  • minerals of different compositions mixed in the mineral material can be sorted.
  • minerals with different magnetic properties can be selected, or materials with strong magnetic properties or strong magnetic properties can be selected in the mixture (using a primary or selective machine).
  • the position and length of the sorter located in the sorter can be adjusted according to different mineral compositions. That is to say, the position of the sorter can be adjusted.
  • the change in position of the sorter includes: a change in vertical height, a change in the horizontal direction, and a change in distance from the wall of the cartridge of the cartridge (selected cartridge).
  • the position of the sorter relative to the wall of the barrel is fixed, but it can also be adjusted according to different mineral composition and sorting requirements. After adjusting the position of the sorter, the sorter needs to be tightened to the new position.
  • the position of the sorter in the sorting cylinder is determined according to the mineral component to be selected and the type of raw material. Raw materials in the concentrator or In the case where the selected mineral does not change, the position of the sorter is no longer adjusted or changed. Of course, if you want to increase the type and parameters of the selected minerals, you can adjust the position of the sorter again depending on the type of mineral.
  • the length of the metal is substantially the same as the length of the magnetic field of the cartridge.
  • the magnetic field acting area in the primary and selective machines is greater than 6 square meters.
  • a sorter can also be provided in the primary machine.
  • the circumferential magnetic field strength of the primary cylinder in the primary machine is between about 3000 gs (Gauss) and 6000 gs.
  • the magnetic field strength in the finishing machine is between 0 and 2000 gs.
  • the magnetic pole strength in the concentrator can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the magnetic field strength in the primary machine can be as high as 20,000 s.
  • two sets of permanent magnet magnetic plates arranged in the circumferential direction of the cylinder may be employed to generate a magnetic field in the circumferential direction of the selective cylinder or the primary cylinder.
  • Each of the magnetic plates includes a magnetic plate in which two magnetic poles correspond to each other, and the N pole and the S pole are spaced apart, and the magnetic plate may be a magnetic plate made of a permanent magnet.
  • more sets of magnetic plates such as 3 to 10 sets of magnetic plates, may be disposed on the barrel. It will be appreciated that depending on the size of the barrel, a suitable number of magnetic plates may be placed on the primary or selective machine to create a magnetic field on the circumference of the barrel of the concentrator.
  • the magnetic plate may also be an electromagnetic device.
  • a circumferential strong magnetic field may be provided at the end of the primary cylinder and/or the selective cylinder near the outlet for preventing the magnetic substance from flowing out of the primary cylinder or fine Selection of cylinders.
  • the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field is preferably greater than 4000 gs.
  • the primary and secondary cartridges have a rotational speed of 5-20 rpm, preferably 8 to 15 rpm. It can be understood that the rotational speed of the primary or selective cylinder can also be other suitable rotational speeds.
  • the magnetic field strength of the mineral material may vary unevenly from 0 to 5000 GS, and With the different arrangement of the magnetic plates, the magnetic lines of force on the outer circumference of the selection cylinder are horizontal and vertical. There is a change in the upward direction.
  • the metal iron in sulfuric acid slag can be as high as Tfe 85%, which is much higher than the highest data of 63.3% of the most advanced tailings recycling technology in China.
  • the iron concentrate can be further purified, and about 65% of the iron fine powder can reach 71.5% by using the tailings recovery process according to the present invention. Almost close to the theoretical value of ferroferric oxide 72.4%.
  • tailings sand of the super-depleted vanadium-titanium magnetite from the ultrabasic rock mass from a certain area of Hebei province was subjected to tailings screening using the method according to the present invention.
  • the mineral content of the above-mentioned mine tailings is as follows (total 100%): pyroxene minerals accounted for 47.59% in the tailings sand, amphibole minerals accounted for 18.53%, feldspar minerals accounted for 14.51%, ilmenite minerals It accounts for 5.87%, montmorillonite minerals account for 5.19%, chlorite minerals account for 1.75%, and illite minerals account for 6.55%. It can be seen that the tailings sand does not contain a single mineral of magnetite.
  • the inspection report of the authority indicates that in the first beneficiation test using the above tailings recovery process of the present invention, the iron obtained after the above tailings are selected The fine powder Tfe reached 57.55%.
  • the iron fine powder Tfe was selected to be 65.78%.
  • a 32-ton sample was taken from the tailings of a mine to conduct a beneficiation test.
  • the Tfe content was 8.52%; the refined powder grade was 65.67%; the tailings Tfe grade was 3.61%; the ore dressing metal recovery rate was 60.98%, and the yield was 7.9%.
  • the Tfe grade of tailings sand is 7.91%; the grade of refined powder is also 65.76%, but the recovery rate of ore dressing metal is 21.23%, and the yield is 2.46%.
  • the recovery rate of the ore dressing metal obtained by the tailings recovery process according to the present invention is 39.75% higher than the best index of 21.23%, and the yield is 5.44% higher than the current best indicator of the country at 2.46%.
  • the Tfe content in the same tailings tailings is basically the same, and the selected iron fines are 65.67%, but the processing technology of the present invention can produce more iron fines than 100 tons of tailings. 5.44 tons, more than 5,000 yuan in sales revenue, 39.75% more metals than the existing technology.

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Abstract

一种尾矿回收工艺，包括：将矿浆供入精选机的精选筒的内部；在矿浆流动的同时，驱动所述精选筒围绕自身中心轴线旋转，使得矿浆在精选筒内腔中不停搅拌和翻滚；通过磁场发生装置对矿浆施加磁场，通过分选器对矿浆进行精确选别，使得矿浆中的被选矿物在上升和下落的过程中，受到磁场的作用，贴附在精选筒内壁上向上运动，到达落料区；在落料区通过使得被选矿物下落至精选机的接料槽，矿浆中的除了被选矿物之外的其它物质在精选筒内腔底部进入精选机的尾料槽，进入尾料输送系统。

Description

一种尾矿资源回收工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及环境整治和资源回收，更具体而言，涉及一种尾矿资源的回收和环境治理工艺。
背景技术
选矿作为一门成熟的工业技术，具有近百年的历史。但是在富矿资源逐渐减少的情况下，现有的选矿技术和设备存在矿产资源浪费严重的问题。
目前的选矿行业中，现有设备通常仅仅针对含量相对较高的一种矿物进行筛选提纯，其它含量相对较低的矿物均作为尾矿废弃物排放丢掉，不对尾矿中含有的各类金属矿物做再次提纯的操作，造成大量可用、有价的金属矿物的流失、浪费，大量的尾矿堆放还对周边环境造成污染。
在尾矿处理方面还没有有效的资源整治和资源回收设备。尾矿，一般而言，是指选矿厂在特定经济技术条件下，将矿石磨碎，分离有用组分之后所排放的废弃物，也就是矿石经过选别出精矿后剩余的固体废料。尾矿是工业固体废物的主要组成部分，其中含有一定数量的有用金属、非金属矿物。可以视为一种复合的硅酸盐、碳酸盐等矿物材料，并具有粒度细、数量大、污染和维护环境的特点。
我国的尾矿多以自然堆积法储存于尾矿坝中，不仅要侵占大量的土地、污染矿区与周边地区的环境，形成安全隐患，同时也造成大量有价金属与非金属资源流失，成为矿山发展的严重制约因素。因此，急需一种有效的处理工艺来对尾矿资源进行综合利用和减排，使之变废为宝，化害为利，从而改善生态环境，提高资源利用率，促进矿业可持续发展。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，急需一种能够提高选矿效率和妥善处理尾矿的方法。发明人通过多年的科学实验和研究，提出了一种新颖的选矿方法和完整的尾矿处理工艺。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供出了一种尾矿回收工艺，包括如下步骤：将包含第一矿物的矿料与水混合形成的矿浆在精选机的精选筒的内部自入口向出口运动，其中精选筒的中心轴线大致水平布置；在矿浆流动的同时，驱动所述精选筒围绕自身中心轴线旋转，持续转动所述筒体，使得矿浆在精选筒内重复上升和下落的过程，在精选筒内腔中不停搅拌和翻滚；通过沿精选筒的圆周设置的磁场发生装置对矿浆施加磁场，使得浆料中的被选矿物颗粒贴附到精选筒的内壁上，通过设置在精选筒内腔靠近精选筒筒壁预定距离处的分选器对矿浆进行精确选别，该分选器与精选筒的中心轴线大致相平行，在精选筒内腔翻滚和搅拌的矿浆以及选出矿料穿过在精选筒的内壁与分选器之间的空隙；通过在精选筒圆周上设置的磁场以及所述分选器，使得矿浆中的被选矿物在上升和下落的过程中，受到磁场的作用，贴附在精选筒内壁上随着精选筒的转动一直向上运动，到达精选筒内腔中位于上方的落料区；在落料区通过落料机构使得被选矿物下落至精选机的第一接料槽，并且经由该接料槽离开精选机；矿浆中的除了被选矿物之外的其它物质在精选筒内腔底部进入精选机的尾料槽，进入尾料输送系统。
利用根据本发明的方法，能够从大量抛弃的各类矿石或者尾矿中高效选别出有经济价值的矿料。
本发明能源消耗低，金属回收率高，金属回收品位高，同时实现物流与水的分离排放，从根本上解决了对环境污染的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开内容的技术方案，下面参照附图描述本申请的具体实施方式。
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的尾矿回收工艺的示意性流 程图；
图2示出了根据本发明的另一个实施方式的尾矿回收工艺的示意性流程图；
图3示出根据本发明的另一个实施方式的尾矿回收工艺的示意性流程图；
图4示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的尾矿回收工艺中所使用的精选筒的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步说明。在本公开内容中所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。本发明的保护范围并不受下文所描述的具体实施方式的限制。
在下文的公开内容中，可以理解的是，所示出的实施方式和实例仅仅是示例性的。除非在本文中有特别的说明，本公开内容中所提到的各种与元件、部件、设备、工艺相关的术语以及措辞与本领域普通技术人员所普遍理解的定义和含义是一致的。需要注意的是，附图中所示出的各种设备、装置、管道、元件和组件等等的形状构造以及位置仅仅是示意性的，应该理解，图中所示的各个元素在实践中根据现场情况可以采取不同的形态和形式，这并不偏离本发明的精神和主旨。
在下文中，将结合具体的实例来描述根据本公开内容的实施方式。
根据本公开内容的另一方面，还提出了一种尾矿回收工艺，该工艺方法可以用于提取尾矿中的矿物成分。
在该尾矿回收工艺中，主要包括初选、研磨、精选和脱水等工序，如图1所示。
可以理解的是，本公开内容中所涉及的工艺和步骤不仅可以用于处理尾矿，还可以用于磁铁矿石、赤铁矿等的选矿，还可以用于锰矿、有色金属和稀有金属等等的选矿。利用本公开内容中的尾矿回收工艺的矿 石包括但不限于：磁铁矿、赤铁矿、脉钨矿、砂锡矿、海滨砂矿、磁黄铁矿、钛铁矿、黑钨矿、钽铁矿、铌铁矿、独居石以及褐钇铌矿等等的尾矿。
在下文的实施方式中，参照图1至图3，将以磁铁矿为例来具体说明根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺。磁铁矿石主要是沉积变质型磁铁矿石，矿石中铁矿物绝大部分是磁铁矿，以细粒嵌布为主，脉石矿物主要为石英或者角闪石等硅酸盐矿物。在有些情况下含硅酸铁较多。
在根据本实施方式的尾矿回收工艺中，首先对尾矿进行初选。在进入初选机之前，一般情况下需要将尾矿磨成颗粒状。在根据本公开内容的选矿中，如图1所示，主要包括初选、研磨、精选和脱水等工序。在图1中，这些步骤标示为步骤110、120、130和140。
【初选】
在图1中所示的初选110中，主要包括如下步骤：
将颗粒状的尾矿料和水供入初选机中，所述矿料和水形成矿浆，同时使得矿浆在初选机的滚筒(也即初选筒)内部自入口向出口运动，该初选筒的中心轴线沿水平方向布置；
驱动初选筒围绕自身中心轴线旋转，使得矿浆在前进的同时沿所述初选筒的内壁自筒底部向上运动并且随后由于重力的作用而下落，初选筒持续转动，从而使得所述矿浆在滚筒内重复上述上升和下落过程；
通过沿着初选筒的圆周分布的磁场对初选筒内腔中的矿浆施加磁场，使得所述矿浆中的被选矿物(第一矿物，在本实施例中为铁矿)贴附到初选筒的内壁上，同时通过对矿浆施加磁场，使得的物料中的被选矿物在筒内部在上升和下落的过程中在磁场的作用下被反复搅拌，并且在搅拌过程中相互结合，形成磁团和/或磁链；
已经形成磁团和/或磁链的第一矿物，在聚集成足够大的磁团和/或磁链之后，贴附在初选筒内壁上随着筒的转动一直向上运动，到达初选筒内腔上方的落料区；
在落料区通过落料机构使得所述第一矿物下落至第一接料槽，并且经由接料槽出口离开初选机；
所述矿浆中的除了第一矿物之外的物料经由所述初选机的第二出口进入第二接料槽，并且经由第二接料槽离开初选机。
在上述步骤中，进入初选机的矿粒的粒径可以根据实际情况选择。例如，在一个实施方式中，进入初选机的矿粒的粒径在大约60至120目的范围内。矿料进入初选机的速度和流量可以根据现场的处理需要来确定。
例如，在本实施方式中，对于磁铁矿而言，进入初选机中的矿料的供料速度可以是每小时大约10-20吨。初选机的规格设计可以根据需要提高吞吐量，例如可以到达每小时100至200吨。
在此工序中，可以通过给料机将尾矿矿料送入初选机中，同时将水连同矿料一起输送至初选机，利用初选机对矿料进行筛选。
在初选机中，通过对矿料施加环向磁场，同时使得矿料在初选机的滚筒内搅拌和翻滚，利用矿料中含有磁性矿物的矿料形成磁链和磁团，并且随着初选机的滚筒的转动到达滚筒上方，从而将磁性的矿料抓取。
为了获得更好的选矿效果，可以进一步对矿料进行精选，进一步提高矿粉的品位。在精选之前，可以对矿料进行再次研磨。使得矿料中的矿石成分(例如铁矿)能够更好地与杂质分离。
【矿浆浓缩】
优选地，经过初选的矿料在研磨之前，可以将初选矿浆输送至矿浆浓缩机中。对初选矿浆进行浓缩，降低含水量，增加矿浆浓度，如图2中所示的步骤115。
在对矿浆进行浓缩的过程中，可以将比重轻于有效矿物成分的杂质与水一起抛弃掉，进一步增加初选矿浆中矿物成分的含量。
优选地，来自矿浆浓缩机的水或废料输送到干排机中进行处理，脱去水分后，将废渣排出，堆放到尾渣料场；
对矿浆进行浓缩，可以可以根据需要进行设置。在初选机流出的矿浆满足浓度要求的情况下，也可以省略矿浆浓缩的工序。
【研磨工序】
由于矿物成分在矿石中是以细粒嵌布的方式，为了获得更好的选别 效果，在精选之前，需要对矿料进行再次研磨，如图1至图3中所示的步骤120。
根据现场工序的不同，进行研磨的矿浆浓度和来源也不同。在没有对矿浆浓缩的情况下，将初选机筛选之后的矿浆供入研磨机中，进一步对浆料进行研磨。如果在尾矿回收工艺中设置了矿浆浓缩的步骤，则将浓缩后的矿浆供入研磨机中。
在研磨的过程中，在必要时可以加入相应的磨料，对矿浆中的矿料进行研磨，使矿料变成更小的颗粒，从而使得矿浆中的磁性物料与非磁性物料进一步分离。
在一个实施方式中，利用球磨机来对矿料进行研磨。优选地，经过磨料之后的矿料的粒度在80至150目的范围内。
【细度分拣】
优选地，在一个实施方式中，如图3中的所示的步骤125，可以设置细度分拣机来对研磨后的矿浆进行细度分拣。将研磨后的矿浆输送到细度分拣机进行细度分拣，将不符合细度要求的矿料回送至磨料机中继续研磨，将符合细度要求的矿料传送至精选机。例如以矿浆的形式将矿料传送至精选机。
在本实施方式中，对于磁铁矿而言，例如可以将颗粒粗于100目的矿料颗粒分拣出来，然后将过粗的矿料输送返回研磨机中继续研磨。直至矿料符合要求，才将符合要求的矿料输送至下一工序。
对于矿料而言，不符合细度要求的矿料，一般情况下也是未实现磁性与非磁性分离的物料，需要返回磨料机中继续研磨分离，直至符合分离要求。但是具体的粒度需要根据不同的矿物成分来确定。
例如，对于磁铁矿来说，初选的粒度在60-120目，在精选中需要大于80目。换言之，在根据本实施方式的细度分拣中，矿料粒度粗于80目的颗粒将被拦截并且返回至研磨机中继续研磨，优选地，粒度目数低于90目，更优选地将低于120的矿料分拣出来，返回磨料中继续研磨。
【精选】
在精选机中对经过研磨后的矿料进行精选。优选地，在对矿料进行 细度分拣之后，再对符合粒度要求的矿料进行精选，如附图中所示的步骤140。
对矿料的精选可以包括如下步骤：
将矿料(此处一般情况下为矿浆形式)与水供入精选机中，矿料与水混合形成的矿浆在精选机的精选筒的内部自入口向出口运动，其中所述精选机的精选筒的中心轴线大致水平布置；
在所述矿浆流动的同时，驱动所述精选筒围绕自身中心轴线旋转，使得矿浆在前进的同时沿精选筒的内壁自滚筒底部向上运动并且随后由于重力的作用而下落，所述筒体持续转动，使得矿浆在精选筒内重复上述上升和下落过程，在精选筒内腔中不停搅拌和翻滚；
通过沿精选筒的圆周设置的磁场发生装置对矿浆施加磁场，使得浆料中的被选矿物颗粒贴附到精选筒的内壁上；优选地，与所述浆料前进方向大致相垂直的方向上施加磁场；
通过施加磁场，使得的矿浆中的被选矿物(第一矿物，在本实施例中为铁矿)在精选筒内部在上升和下落的过程中在到磁场的作用下被反复搅拌，并且在搅拌过程中相互结合，形成磁团和/或磁链；
已经形成磁团和/或磁链的第一矿物，在聚集成足够大的磁团和/或磁链之后，贴附在精选筒内壁上随着精选筒的转动一直向上运动，到达上方的落料区；
在落料区通过落料机构使得第一矿物下落至精选机的第一接料槽，并且经由该接料槽离开精选机；
矿浆中的除了被选矿物之外的其它物质在精选筒内腔底部进入精选机的尾料槽，进入尾料输送系统。
优选地，在上述精选过程中，精选筒中所应用的磁场强度小于初选机中的磁场强度。
【脱水】
精选后的矿料进入脱水机进行矿物与水的分离，如图中所示的步骤140。分离出的精粉物料可以通过输送装置送至精粉料场堆放。
在初选机和精选机中的除了被选矿物之外的矿浆都可以被输送至尾 矿干排机进行脱水，如附图中所示的步骤135。
以上描述了根据本发明的方法工艺。在下文中，将进一步通过对于其他实施方式的说明，来描述上述工艺方法的改进或改型。
在根据本发明另一方面，提出了一种对于矿料或者为矿料进行选别的工艺方法。除了下文中所描述的新的技术特征之外，该工艺方法的步骤类似于前述实施方式中的步骤。为简洁起见，对于相同或者相类似的处理工艺和步骤将仅仅进行简单的表述或者省略，不再详细描述。
在根据本发明的另一个实施方式中，提出了一种尾矿资源回收工艺，该工艺同样包括初选、研磨、精选和脱水等步骤，在本实施方式中的初选、研磨和脱水步骤与上文的前述实施方式中所描述步骤相同，在此不再赘述。参照附图4，将具体说明本实施方式中的如下的智能精选步骤。
类似地，在将初选后的矿料研磨后供入精选机30，或者在研磨和细度分拣之后将矿料供入精选机。
矿料与水混合形成的矿浆10在精选机的精选筒的内部自入口向出口运动，其中精选筒的中心轴线大致水平布置；
在矿浆流动的同时，驱动精选筒31围绕自身中心轴线旋转，使得矿浆在前进的同时沿精选筒的内壁自滚筒底部向上运动并且随后由于重力的作用而下落，持续转动所述筒体，使得矿浆在精选筒内重复上述上升和下落过程，在精选筒内腔中不停搅拌和翻滚；
通过沿精选筒的圆周设置的磁场发生装置对矿浆施加磁场，使得浆料中的被选矿物颗粒贴附到精选筒的内壁上，其中所述磁场的磁力线与与浆料前进方向大致相垂直；
通过设置在精选筒内腔靠近精选筒筒壁预定距离处的分选器33对矿浆进行精确选别；该分选器33与精选筒31的中心轴线大致相平行，在精选筒的转动过程中，在精选筒内腔翻滚和搅拌的矿浆以及选出矿料穿过在精选筒的内壁与分选器之间的空隙；优选地，在精选筒的内腔的下部靠近筒壁设置有一个或的更多个分选器33；
通过在精选筒圆周上设置的磁场以及所述分选器，使得矿浆中的被选矿物(第一矿物，在本实施例中为铁矿)在上升和下落的过程中，受 到磁场的作用，被反复搅拌并且在搅拌过程中相互结合，形成磁团和/或磁链，在汇集成足够大的磁团和/或磁链之后，贴附在精选筒内壁上随着精选筒的转动一直向上运动，到达精选筒内腔中位于上方的落料区；
在落料区通过落料机构使得第一矿物下落至精选机的第一接料槽，并且经由该接料槽离开精选机；
矿浆中的除了被选矿物之外的其它物质在精选筒内腔底部进入精选机的尾料槽，进入尾料输送系统。
优选地，如图3所示，在所述落料区的落料机构的上游也设置有与所述精选筒的中心轴线相平行的分选器，使得选出矿料穿过在精选筒的内壁与所述分选器之间的空隙之后，到达落料区被落料。该分选器与精选筒的中心轴线大致相平行。
优选地，所述分选器是由诸如铁等的导磁材料制成的。例如，所述分选器可以是诸如铁等制成的金属棒。优选地，分选器可以是中空的金属管，所述金属管同时也可用于供水。
在图4所示的实施方式中，分选器不随着精选筒转动，例如可以固定在精选筒之外的支架上。但可以理解的是，分选器可以设置成在选矿的过程中可移动，例如可以随着精选筒一起转动。分选器根据需要可以设置多个，沿着精选筒内壁布置并且与之间隔开一定距离，可以固定在选料筒之外的支架上，或者在随选料筒转动的情况下可以固定在选料筒上。
经过精选之后的矿浆分为两部分，被选出的矿料，也即精粉矿料在脱水之后送至精粉料场堆放。
经过筛选之后的尾料进入尾矿干排机进行脱水，然后堆放至尾渣场。
在根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺中，优选地，精选机中的矿浆所处的磁场强度小于初选机中的磁场强度。在精选机中抓取带有磁性或者能够感应出磁性的矿物，从而获得精选矿料；不具有磁性的物料，被抛弃废渣进入尾矿干排机进行处理，脱去水分后，干废渣排出，堆放到尾渣料场。
其中在所述精选机中：精选机对矿料施加了环向磁场，同时使得矿 料在精选机的滚筒内搅拌和翻滚，利用矿料中含有磁性矿物的矿料形成磁链和磁团，并且随着精选机的滚筒的转动到达滚筒上方，从而将磁性的矿料抓取，被抓取的矿料在滚筒上方进入第一接料槽中，未被抓取的不具有磁性的物料从精选机的出口端经由尾料槽流出。
在上述精选过程中，可以利用球磨机研磨矿浆，然后将矿浆进入细度分拣机中，将矿浆中符合筛选要求的具有预定细度规格的矿浆排出，进入下一环节进行精选作业，将未能通过细度分拣机的矿浆再次返回到球磨机中进行二次研磨处理，此环节工艺流程成功地解决了磁性矿石与脉石、非磁性物质互相包裹无法分离、造成磁性矿石发生无法有效磁聚的现象发生，杜绝了磁性矿石误抛弃现象的发生。使得进入精选机的矿浆，能迅速发生磁聚现象，形成“磁团”或“磁链”，“磁团”或“磁链”在矿浆中受磁力作用，向磁极运动时，呈现翻滚状态，由于磁场数值的变化，磁力线运动方向也在变化，“磁团”或“磁链”在沿圆筒旋转方向翻滚时，带动矿浆也呈多方向不规则式翻滚，所以更加有效地有磁性物质发生磁聚现象。
优选地，在根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺中包括初选、浓缩、研磨、细度分拣、精选和脱水等工序，如图3所示。
【关于矿浆浓度和磨料粒度】
在选矿中，矿浆浓度和磨矿粒度对于选矿都有一定的影响。
对于矿浆浓度而言，需要选择和设定合适的矿浆浓度。如果矿浆浓度过高，会造成分选浓度过高，进而会严重影响精矿质量。此时，精矿颗粒容易被较细的脉石颗粒覆盖和包裹，分选不开。造成品位降低。如果矿浆浓度过低，将大大增加磨矿成本，减少出矿率，不利于研磨工序。此外，如果矿浆浓度过低也会使得分选浓度过低，造成流速增大，选别时间相对缩短，这样会使得本来有机会被选出的磁性颗粒由于流速过快而未被选出。因此，根据设备参数和矿产种类的不同，设定相应的矿浆浓度也是取得良好选矿效果的因素之一。
优选地，在经过初选之后，选出的第一矿物是以矿浆的形式运送至下一工序的。在研磨之前，需要进行矿浆浓缩，以提高研磨效率。而在 进行精选之前，为了到达良好的选矿效果，需要在精选机中再加入清水，将矿浆稀释。
例如，被抓取的有用矿浆流入矿浆浓缩机中，随后在精选过程中加入大量清水，使矿浆浓度降低。
例如，在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，在研磨之前，经过矿浆浓缩之后的矿浆浓度在30％至35％的范围内。
在另一个实施方式中，进入精选机中的矿浆浓度在25％至35％(矿料在矿浆中重量百分比)的范围内，然后同时再加入清水。在经过选别之后，在精选机的第一接料槽中的矿浆浓度可以在30％至40％的范围内。同时，进入尾料槽的矿浆浓度可以在10％至60％的范围内。
对于矿料的粒度而言，也是非常重要的因素。在本发明中的磁选过程中，利用初选、研磨、细度分拣和精选等步骤对不同的矿物成分进行分级处理，以便达到良好的选矿效果。
申请人通过自己的研究，获得了一组粒度参数，这些参数应用于本公开内容中的上述尾矿回收工艺中，能够获得良好的选矿效果。
例如，在根据本发明的针对磁铁矿的选矿中，初选的粒度可以在60-120目的范围内，在精选中需要大于80目。换言之，在根据本实施方式的细度分拣中，矿粒粒度粗于80目的矿粒将被拦截并且返回至磨料机中继续研磨，优选地，粒度目数低于90，更优选地将低于120的矿粒分拣出来，返回磨料中继续研磨。
可以理解的是，根据不同的矿物类型，同时要考虑到设备规格和精度，需要根据情况来确定在选矿过程中所需要的矿浆浓度和矿料的粒度。在一个实施方式中，研磨设备可以是球磨机。该球磨机的所研磨出的矿料的细度可以高达200目。对于某些有色金属矿物，供入精选机或者初选机中的矿粒的细度甚至可以高达300目。
在根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺中，在对磁铁矿进行选别时，进入初选机或者精选机的矿料粒度应细于80目。
在根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺中，也并非矿料的颗粒越细越好。对于铁矿包裹杂质的矿料，不适宜太细的粒度。对于铁矿石而言，进入精 选机种的矿料颗粒的粒度优选地在80到200目的范围内，更优选地在80-120目的范围内。
在本文中所提到的目数，用来定义物料的粒度或粗细度，一般定义是指筛网在1平方英寸内的孔数。目数越大，说明物料粒度越细；目数越小，说明物料粒度越大。筛分粒度就是颗粒可以通过筛网的筛孔尺寸，以1英寸(25.4mm)长度的筛网内的筛孔数表示，因而称之为目数。本文中所提到的目数与中国的工程技术领域的关于目数的标准一致(参照了美国的泰勒标准筛)。例如在上文中所提到的目数与粒度的大小的对应关系如下：
80目＝0.180mm；120目＝1.125mm；200目＝0.075mm。
此外，还需要根据实际的情况选择适当的供料速度。在根据本发明的方法中，可以实际的情况来设定所需要的供料速度，例如可以是每小时20吨(T)。最大可以高达100-200T每小时。
在根据本发明的初选机和精选机中，初选筒和精选筒均由磁场能够穿透、并且不对磁场产生影响的耐磨材料制成，例如可以是不锈钢或者硬质耐磨塑料材料，或者其他适宜的材料。
根据本发明的上述尾矿回收工艺，可以对混杂在矿料中的不同成分的矿物进行选别。例如可以将磁性不同的矿物成分进行选别，或者可以用于在混合物中选别磁性较强或者感应磁性较强的物料(利用初选机或者精选机)。
在根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺中，根据不同的矿物成分，可以调整位于选料机(在本实施方式中为精选机)中的分选器的位置和长度。也就是说，所述分选器的位置是可以调整的。所述分选器的位置变化包括：在垂直高度上的变化，水平方向上的变化，以及距离选料筒(精选筒)的筒壁的距离的变化。在分选器可以运动的情况下，分选器相对于与筒壁的位置是固定的，但也可以根据不同的矿物成分和选别要求进行调整。在调整了分选器的位置之后，需要将分选器再紧固在新的位置上。
在根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺中，根据所要选别的矿物成分以及原料的类型，来确定在选料筒中的分选器的位置。在选矿机中的原料或者 选别矿物不发生变化的情况下，分选器的位置也不再进行调整和变化。当然，如果为了提高选出矿物的类型和参数，可以根据矿物的类型再次调整分选器的位置。
优选地，该金属的长度与选料筒的磁场长度大致相同。
优选地，初选机和精选机中的磁场作用面积大于6平方米。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施方式中，也可以在初选机中同样设置分选器。
优选地，在根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺中，初选机中的初选筒的周向的磁场强度在大约3000gs(高斯)至6000gs之间。精选机中的磁场强度在0至2000gs之间。
当然，选矿机(初选机和精选机)中的磁极强度可以根据实际情况进行选择，在使用电磁装置来产生磁场的情况下，初选机中的磁场强度可以高达2万s。
该根据本发明的方法中，可以采用布置在筒体圆周方向上的两组永磁体磁板，从而在精选筒或者初选筒的周向上产生磁场。其中每组磁板包括两个磁极相互对应的磁板，并且N极和S极间隔布置，所述磁板可以是由永磁体制成的磁板。在其他的实施方式中，在筒体上可以布置更多组的磁板，例如3至10组磁板。可以理解的，根据筒体的尺寸，可以在初选机或者精选机上布置适宜数量的磁板，以便在选矿机的筒体的圆周上产生磁场。所述磁板也可以是电磁装置。
优选地，在初选机和精选机中，可以在初选筒和/或精选筒的靠近出口的一端设置一个环向的强磁场，用于阻止具有磁性的物质流出初选筒或者精选筒。该磁场的磁场强度优选地大于4000gs。
所述初选筒和精选筒的转速在5-20转/分钟，优选地在8至15转/分钟。可以理解的是，初选筒或者精选筒的转速也可以是其他适宜的转速。
在根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺中，当矿料在选料筒(初选筒或者精选筒)内转动时，矿料所受的磁场强度可以从0-5000GS不均匀地间隔变化，并且随着磁板的布置方式不同，选料筒外周的磁力线在横向和纵 向上都有变化。
【有益效果】
通过利用根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺，至少能够实现如下的有益效果：
可以选别硫酸烧渣中的金属铁；可以高达Tfe85％，远远高于目前中国国内最先进的尾矿回收工艺技术的最高数据63.3％。
可以使铁精粉进一步再提纯，65％左右的铁精粉，通过使用根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺，可以达到71.5％。几乎接近四氧化三铁理论值72.4％。
下文中将列举一些实例来具体说明根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺所产生的有益效果和所带来的巨大经济效益。
实例1
对将来自河北省某地的超基性岩体的超贫钒钛磁铁矿的尾矿砂利用根据本发明的方法进行了尾矿筛选。
根据检测部门的检测报告：上述矿尾矿砂的矿物含量如下(合计为100％)：尾矿砂中辉石矿物占47.59％，闪石矿物占18.53％，长石矿物占14.51％，钛铁矿矿物占5.87％，蒙脱石矿物占5.19％，绿泥石矿物占1.75％，伊利石矿物占6.55％。可以看到，尾矿砂中不含磁铁矿的单矿物。
在现有技术的尾矿处理工艺中，几乎没有办法从上述超贫钒钛磁铁矿尾矿砂中选出符合工业指标要求的铁精粉。因为基于常见的矿物学，结晶化学理论以及现有技术中的选矿经验，辉石、闪石虽然含铁，但它们是“晶格铁”，是硅酸盐中的铁，用物理选矿方法根本不可能。钛铁矿确实含铁，但是feTiO3中铁Fe仅占36.8％，钛Ti占36.6％，其余为氧26.6％。尾矿砂中仅有5.87％的钛铁矿，要想选出达到工业要求的铁精粉，理论上几乎是不可能的。
但是，通过利用根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺，权威机构的检验报告表明：在利用本发明的上述尾矿回收工艺的第一次的选矿试验中，对于上述尾矿精选后所获得的铁精粉Tfe达到了57.55％。
在第二次试验中，选出的铁精粉Tfe65.78％。
实例2
在某矿场的尾矿取样32吨，进行选矿试验。
利用根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺，(同种矿床工业类型的尾矿砂)选矿试验结果是：
Tfe含量8.52％；选出精粉品位65.67％；尾矿Tfe品位3.61％；选矿金属回收率尾60.98％，产率为7.9％。
与之相对：用同一种尾矿砂，现有技术中的尾矿回收工艺所获得的最好指标为：
尾矿砂Tfe品位为7.91％；精粉品位也为65.76％，但选矿金属回收率为21.23％，产率为2.46％。
可以看到，根据本发明的尾矿回收工艺所获得的选矿金属回收率比最好指标21.23％高出39.75％，产率比全国目前最好指标2.46％高出5.44％。这就意味着同样一种尾矿尾矿砂中Tfe含量基本相同，选出的铁精粉品位都是65.67％，但是，每处理100吨尾矿砂，本发明的选矿技术比能够多生产铁精粉5.44吨，多实现销售收入高达五千多元，比现有技术可多回收金属39.75％。
由此可见，根据本发明的选矿技术具有非常好的技术效果。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种尾矿资源回收工艺，包括如下步骤：
    将包含第一矿物的矿料与水混合形成的矿浆在精选机的精选筒的内部自入口向出口运动，其中精选筒的中心轴线大致水平布置；
    在矿浆流动的同时，驱动所述精选筒围绕自身中心轴线旋转，持续转动所述筒体，使得矿浆在精选筒内重复上升和下落的过程,在精选筒内腔中不停搅拌和翻滚；
    通过沿精选筒的圆周设置的磁场发生装置对矿浆施加磁场，使得浆料中的被选矿物颗粒贴附到精选筒的内壁上，通过设置在精选筒内腔靠近精选筒筒壁预定距离处的分选器对矿浆进行精确选别，该分选器与精选筒的中心轴线大致相平行，在精选筒内腔翻滚和搅拌的矿浆以及选出矿料穿过在精选筒的内壁与分选器之间的空隙；
    通过在精选筒圆周上设置的磁场以及所述分选器，使得矿浆中的被选矿物在上升和下落的过程中，受到磁场的作用，贴附在精选筒内壁上随着精选筒的转动一直向上运动，到达精选筒内腔中位于上方的落料区；
    在落料区通过落料机构使得被选矿物下落至精选机的第一接料槽，并且经由该接料槽离开精选机；
    矿浆中的除了被选矿物之外的其它物质在精选筒内腔底部进入精选机的尾料槽，进入尾料输送系统。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于，在所述精选筒的内腔的下部靠近筒壁设置有多个分选器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于，将精选后的被选矿物和除了被选矿物之外的其它物质供入脱水机进行矿物与水的分离。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的工艺，其特征在于，在所述落料区的落料机构的上游也设置有与所述精选筒的中心轴线相平行的分选器。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述分选器不随着精选筒转动。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，在将矿料与水混合形 成的矿浆在精选机之前，对矿料进行研磨；然后将研磨后的矿浆输送到细度分拣机进行细度分拣，将不符合细度要求的矿料回送至磨料机中继续研磨，将符合细度要求的矿料传送至精选机。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的工艺，其特征在于，在所述研磨之前，对矿料进行初选，所述初选包括如下步骤：
    将颗粒状的尾矿料和水供入初选机中，所述矿料和水形成矿浆，同时使得矿浆在初选机的初选筒内部自入口向出口运动，该初选筒的中心轴线沿水平方向布置；
    驱动初选筒围绕自身中心轴线旋转，使得矿浆在前进的同时沿所述初选筒的内壁自筒底部向上运动并且随后由于重力的作用而下落，初选筒持续转动，从而使得所述矿浆在滚筒内重复上述上升和下落过程；
    通过沿着初选筒的圆周分布的磁场对初选筒内腔中的矿浆施加磁场，使得所述矿浆中的第一矿物贴附到初选筒的内壁上，同时通过对矿浆施加磁场，使得的物料中的被选矿物在筒内部在上升和下落的过程中在磁场的作用下被反复搅拌，并且在搅拌过程中相互结合，形成磁团和/或磁链；
    已经形成磁团和/或磁链的第一矿物，在聚集成足够大的磁团和/或磁链之后，贴附在初选筒内壁上随着筒的转动一直向上运动，到达初选筒内腔上方的落料区；
    在落料区通过落料机构使得所述第一矿物下落至第一接料槽，并且经由接料槽出口离开初选机；
    所述矿浆中的除了第一矿物之外的物料经由所述初选机的第二出口进入第二接料槽，并且经由第二接料槽离开初选机。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的工艺，其特征在于，在所述落料区的落料机构的上游也设置有与所述精选筒的中心轴线相平行的分选器，使得选出矿料穿过在精选筒的内壁与所述分选器之间的空隙之后，到达落料区被落料。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的工艺，其特征在于，在初选机中同样设置有所述分选器，所述分选器是中空的金属管，所述金属管同时也可用于 供水。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述分选器的位置是可以调整的，所述分选器的位置变化包括：在垂直高度上的变化，水平方向上的变化，以及距离选料筒的筒壁的距离的变化。
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