WO2016184881A1 - Laser markable compositions, articles and documents - Google Patents
Laser markable compositions, articles and documents Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016184881A1 WO2016184881A1 PCT/EP2016/061069 EP2016061069W WO2016184881A1 WO 2016184881 A1 WO2016184881 A1 WO 2016184881A1 EP 2016061069 W EP2016061069 W EP 2016061069W WO 2016184881 A1 WO2016184881 A1 WO 2016184881A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- laser markable
- laser
- optionally substituted
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium group Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 122
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 85
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 59
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 23
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N S-phenyl benzenesulfonothioate Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 125000005506 phthalide group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine group Chemical group N1=CCC2=CC=CC=C12 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 5
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UZUNCLSDTUBVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C(O)C=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UZUNCLSDTUBVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002858 MOWIOL ® 4-88 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OHHPZPDQZMUTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OHHPZPDQZMUTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAZWDJGLIYNYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucocrystal Violet Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 OAZWDJGLIYNYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NSC2=C1 DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940063557 methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XTUPUYCJWKHGSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-carboxy-4,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)phenolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C=1C(C(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C(C(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XTUPUYCJWKHGSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- LIZLYZVAYZQVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F LIZLYZVAYZQVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAAILNNJDMIMON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-anilino-6'-(dibutylamino)-3'-methylspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound C=1C(N(CCCC)CCCC)=CC=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)O2)C2=C3)C=1OC2=CC(C)=C3NC1=CC=CC=C1 XAAILNNJDMIMON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical compound OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 2
- SSIZLKDLDKIHEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Br)C=CC=C1Br SSIZLKDLDKIHEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HWRLEEPNFJNTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=NC=N1 HWRLEEPNFJNTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XOUQAVYLRNOXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1 XOUQAVYLRNOXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-3h-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TUAMRELNJMMDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-xylenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(O)=C1 TUAMRELNJMMDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTILAOCGFRDHBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)sulfonylphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZTILAOCGFRDHBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FROCQMFXPIROOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C(=CC(C)=CC=2)C)=NC(C=2C(=CC(O)=CC=2)O)=N1 FROCQMFXPIROOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HKDKYKJAUKEEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2,5-bis[2-(1-pentan-2-ylbenzo[cd]indol-2-ylidene)ethylidene]cyclopentylidene]-1-butyl-3-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical group O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(C(C)COC)C(=O)C1=C(C(CC1)=CC=C2C=3C=CC=C4C=CC=C(C=34)N2C(C)CCC)C1=CC=C(N1C(C)CCC)C2=C3C1=CC=CC3=CC=C2 HKDKYKJAUKEEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SKVLHBJJOXTLKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-bis[4-(diethylamino)-2-ethoxyphenyl]furo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C1(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC)OCC)C2=NC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 SKVLHBJJOXTLKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001479434 Agfa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920008790 Amorphous Polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-Et ester-Fumaric acid Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N Diethyl maleate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRXMAKJQOXJHQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl]-phenylmethanone Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZRXMAKJQOXJHQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BOXSCYUXSBYGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(3+) Chemical class [Fe+3].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 BOXSCYUXSBYGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004891 diazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BMOAQMNPJSPXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-(3-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(F)=C1 BMOAQMNPJSPXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- FWQHNLCNFPYBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoran Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C2C11OC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 FWQHNLCNFPYBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical class I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- YXVFYQXJAXKLAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-hydroxybiphenyl Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YXVFYQXJAXKLAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XKXIQBVKMABYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical class CC(C)(C)OC(O)=O XKXIQBVKMABYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004897 thiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1O MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HFJHUOIVZVHBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole Chemical compound C1=CC(CN2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 HFJHUOIVZVHBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNPCNDJVEUEFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O JNPCNDJVEUEFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJJCQDRGABAVBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 SJJCQDRGABAVBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIUKPDSLQACQJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C(O)=O)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 PIUKPDSLQACQJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUWXQUZPZQSFKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl acetate Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(COC(=O)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DUWXQUZPZQSFKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1N1N=C2C=CC=CC2=N1 FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJRRUHVEWQXOLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(fluoroamino)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNF AJRRUHVEWQXOLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBITXNWQALLODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(4-oxo-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl]-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(C3=CC=C(C=C3)C=3OC(C4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=O)=NC2=C1 BBITXNWQALLODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSDYLOPZYGJOFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(hydroxymethyl)amino]propan-2-ol;formaldehyde Chemical group O=C.CC(C)(O)N(CO)CO ZSDYLOPZYGJOFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical class OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDTMFDGELKWGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[O-] SDTMFDGELKWGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXIQYSLFEXIOAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-5-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1SC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C=C1C HXIQYSLFEXIOAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDRSNHRWLQQICP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-[2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 ZDRSNHRWLQQICP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMTYZTXUZLQUSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dimethylbisphenol A Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 YMTYZTXUZLQUSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-thiodiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTKTAZUSYVSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 BOTKTAZUSYVSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CORJIEYQXMZUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)phenol Chemical group C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CORJIEYQXMZUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAODHMPNTOOZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)sulfonylphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 VAODHMPNTOOZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVOBELCYOCEECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclohexyl]-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(CCCCC2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 SVOBELCYOCEECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 ODJUOZPKKHIEOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAGWIQVVZZSCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfanylbutoxy]ethylsulfanyl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1SC(CC)COCCSC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 MAGWIQVVZZSCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBZPUSKHVURBGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfanylethoxymethoxy]ethylsulfanyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1SCCOCOCCSC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QBZPUSKHVURBGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKUIBNLJAOALB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4,6-bis(2-methylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1Oc1nc(Oc2ccccc2C)nc(n1)-c1ccc(O)cc1O OKKUIBNLJAOALB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073735 4-hydroxy acetophenone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XQXPVVBIMDBYFF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-hydroxyphenylacetate Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(CC([O-])=O)C=C1 XQXPVVBIMDBYFF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWRVRCAFWBBXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxyphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(O)=O MWRVRCAFWBBXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJESAXZANHETJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylsalicylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1 NJESAXZANHETJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-2H-benzotriazol-5-ol Chemical class OC1=CC=C2NN=NC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXAVKNRWVKUTLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfanylphenol Chemical class OC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 BXAVKNRWVKUTLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOZDKDIOPSPTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl parahydroxybenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 MOZDKDIOPSPTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol B Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFOHBWFCKVYLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylparaben Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QFOHBWFCKVYLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDNWOSOZYLHTCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichlorophen Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1CC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1O MDNWOSOZYLHTCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical class CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N Octyl 4-methoxycinnamic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical class NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrachlorobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005844 Thymol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSBPYMOQVFNVNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl] acetate Chemical compound C(C)(=O)OCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)O BSBPYMOQVFNVNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQRHQLLLTFJWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl] acetate Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C=1C(OC(=O)C)=CC=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DQRHQLLLTFJWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPFPIRQFMNNJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].O=c1[nH]sc2ccccc12 Chemical compound [K].O=c1[nH]sc2ccccc12 CPFPIRQFMNNJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTVNTGBUCMQPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethyl] acetate Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)(OC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTVNTGBUCMQPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007515 arrhenius acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N barbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYESNCFSJHPNCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 TYESNCFSJHPNCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005130 benzoxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-2,2'-diol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1O IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IASJBTOENLJBJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl acetate Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(C)=CC=1C(OC(=O)C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C)=C1 IASJBTOENLJBJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFIOVJDNOJYLKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bithionol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1SC1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1O JFIOVJDNOJYLKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007516 brønsted-lowry acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005354 coacervation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012505 colouration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- NUQDJSMHGCTKNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 NUQDJSMHGCTKNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-amino-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate Chemical compound NC1=C(C(=O)OCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004403 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010228 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043351 ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylparaben Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005343 heterocyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOFVSTNWEDAEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-M indocyanine green Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCCCN1C2=CC=C3C=CC=CC3=C2C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=CC=CC1=[N+](CCCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2C1(C)C MOFVSTNWEDAEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960004657 indocyanine green Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2C=CC=C21 HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002650 laminated plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003506 n-propoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002088 nanocapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(N=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C4=N1 LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001679 octinoxate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011101 paper laminate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013500 performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IKNCGYCHMGNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate Chemical compound CCC[O-] IKNCGYCHMGNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate Chemical compound CC(C)[O-] OGHBATFHNDZKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005412 pyrazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOAUVZALPPNFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinaldic acid Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=NC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 LOAUVZALPPNFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZCTQGTTXIYCGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid benzyl ester Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 ZCTQGTTXIYCGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006186 sodium polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RLEBKHAOAHYZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;pyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 RLEBKHAOAHYZHT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003507 tetrahydrothiofenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000790 thymol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/323—Organic colour formers, e.g. leuco dyes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
- B41M3/142—Security printing using chemical colour-formers or chemical reactions, e.g. leuco-dye/acid, photochromes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/333—Colour developing components therefor, e.g. acidic compounds
- B41M5/3331—Macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/333—Colour developing components therefor, e.g. acidic compounds
- B41M5/3333—Non-macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/333—Colour developing components therefor, e.g. acidic compounds
- B41M5/3333—Non-macromolecular compounds
- B41M5/3335—Compounds containing phenolic or carboxylic acid groups or metal salts thereof
- B41M5/3336—Sulfur compounds, e.g. sulfones, sulfides, sulfonamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/337—Additives; Binders
- B41M5/3375—Non-macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/41—Base layers supports or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
- B41M5/426—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. metals, metal salts, metal complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
- B41M5/44—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers characterised by the macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/46—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography characterised by the light-to-heat converting means; characterised by the heat or radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers
- B41M5/465—Infrared radiation-absorbing materials, e.g. dyes, metals, silicates, C black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L39/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L39/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/02—Polyureas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
- B41M2205/04—Direct thermal recording [DTR]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/337—Additives; Binders
- B41M5/3372—Macromolecular compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to aqueous laser markable compositions and to articles made therefrom.
- the marking of these substrates has been achieved by various printing techniques, such as for example inkjet or thermal transfer printing.
- these printing techniques are more and more replaced by laser marking as laser marking is cheaper in terms of overall economics and shows performance benefits such as high speed and contact free marking, marking of substrates with uneven surfaces, creation of marks that are so small that they are invisible or nearly invisible to the human eye, and creation of marks in the substrate rather than on the substrates.
- ID cards and financial transfers (credit cards).
- Such cards typically consist of a laminated structure consisting of various paper or plastic laminates and layers wherein some of them may carry alphanumeric data and a picture of the card holder. So called 'smart cards' can also store digital information by including an electronic chip in the card body.
- a principal objective of such security cards is that they cannot be easily modified or reproduced in such a way that the modification or reproduction is difficult to distinguish from the original.
- Laser marking is perceived a secure way to add information on a security document as it is capable of producing the information " inside" the security document.
- Laser marking produces a colour change from white to black in a laser markable support through carbonization of the polymer, usually polycarbonate as disclosed in e.g. EP-A 2181858.
- laser markable layers are used which are composed of colour forming compounds (also called “ leuco-dyes” ) which can change from essentially colourless or pale-coloured to coloured when exposed to for example heat, such as disclosed in for example EP-A 2648920.
- colour forming compounds also called " leuco-dyes”
- the colour laser markable layers may comprise an infrared absorbing dye (IR dye) or an infrared absorbing pigment (IR pigment), both absorbing the IR radiation and converting it into heat.
- IR dye infrared absorbing dye
- IR pigment infrared absorbing pigment
- An advantage of using IR dyes is that the absorption spectrum of an IR dye tends to be narrower than that of an IR pigment. This allows the production of multicoloured articles and security documents from precursors having a plurality of laser markable layers containing different IR dyes and colour foming compounds. The IR dyes having a different maximum absorption wavelength can then be addressd by IR lasers with corresponding emission wavelengths causing colour formation only in the laser markable layer of the addressd IR dye. Such multicolour articles have been disclosed in for example US 4720449, EP-A 2719540 and EP-A 2719541.
- Laser marking may also be used to write personalized information onto various articles, such as mobile phones, cars, etc.
- the major advantage of laser marking compared to for example printing techniques such as inkjet printing, flexographic printing or screen printing is the fact that the information is written “ inside” the article instead of " on top” of the article.
- a disadvantage of laser markable materials disclosed in for example EP-A 2719541 is the fact that the laser markable layers are prepared from non-aqueous coating solutions making their production more cumbersome regarding health and safety regulations.
- polymeric support and foil as used herein, mean a self-supporting
- polymer-based sheet which may be associated with one or more adhesion layers, e.g. subbing layers.
- adhesion layers e.g. subbing layers.
- Supports and foils are usually manufactured through extrusion.
- leuco dye refers to compounds which can change from essentially colourless or pale-coloured to coloured when irradiated with UV light, IR light and/or heated.
- PET is an abbreviation for polyethylene terephthalate.
- PETG is an abbreviation for polyethylene terephthalate glycol, the glycol indicating glycol modifiers which are incorporated to minimize brittleness and premature aging that occur if unmodified amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (APET) would be used in the production of cards.
- APET amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
- PET-C is an abbreviation for crystalline PET, i.e. a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate.
- a polyethylene terephthalate support has excellent properties of dimensional stability.
- security document precursor refers to the fact that one or more security features still have to be applied to the precursor, for example laser marking, in order to obtain the final security document.
- alkyl means all variants possible for each number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group i.e. methyl, ethyl, for three carbon atoms: n-propyl and isopropyl; for four carbon atoms: n-butyl, isobutyl and tertiary-butyl; for five carbon atoms: n-pentyl, 1 ,1-dimethyl-propyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl and 2-methyl-butyl etc.
- alkoxy means all variants possible for each number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group i.e. methoxy, ethoxy, for three carbon atoms: n-propoxy and isopropoxy; for four carbon atoms: n-butoxy, isobutoxy and tertiary-butoxy etc.
- aryloxy means Ar-O- wherein Ar is an optionally substituted aryl group.
- a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group is preferably a Ci to C6-alkyl group.
- a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group is preferably a C2 to C6-alkenyl group.
- a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group is preferably a C2 to C6-alkynyl group.
- a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group including one, two, three or more Ci to C6-alkyl groups.
- a substituted or unsubstituted alkaryl group is preferably a Ci to C6-alkyl group including an aryl group, preferably a phenyl group or naphthyl group.
- a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or naphthyl group.
- a cyclic group includes at least one ring structure and may be a monocyclic- or polycyclic group, meaning one or more rings fused together.
- a heterocyclic group is a cyclic group that has atoms of at least two different
- heterocyclic groups are homocyclic groups, the ring structures of which are made of carbon only.
- a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group is preferably a five- or six-membered ring substituted by one, two, three or four heteroatoms, preferably selected from oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, sulfur atoms, selenium atoms or combinations thereof.
- An alicyclic group is a non-aromatic homocyclic group wherein the ring atoms
- heteroaryl group means a monocyclic- or polycyclic aromatic ring comprising carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms in the ring structure, preferably, 1 to 4 heteroatoms, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, selenium and sulfur.
- heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, (1 ,2,3,)- and (1 ,2,4)-triazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, and oxazolyl.
- a heteroaryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or more suitable substituents.
- a heteroaryl group is a monocyclic ring, wherein the ring comprises 1 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms.
- substituted in e.g. substituted alkyi group means that the alkyi group may be substituted by other atoms than the atoms normally present in such a group, i.e. carbon and hydrogen.
- a substituted alkyi group may include a halogen atom or a thiol group.
- An unsubstituted alkyi group contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- a substituted alkyi group, a substituted alkenyl group, a substituted alkynyl group, a substituted aralkyi group, a substituted alkaryl group, a substituted aryl, a substituted heteroaryl and a substituted heterocyclic group are preferably substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1-isobutyl, 2-isobutyl and tertiary-butyl, ester, amide, ether, thioether, ketone, aldehyde, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonate ester, sulfonamide, -CI, -Br, -I, -OH, -SH, -CN and -N0 2 .
- the laser markable composition according to the present invention comprises
- capsules composed of a polymeric shell surrounding a core
- the core of the capsule contains a leuco dye.
- An aqueous composition within the meaning of the invention is a composition of which the liquid phase contains preferably at least 50 wt%, more preferably at least 75 wt%, most preferably at least 90 wt% of water.
- Optothermal converting agent preferably at least 50 wt%, more preferably at least 75 wt%, most preferably at least 90 wt% of water.
- An optothermal converting agent generates heat upon absorption of radiation.
- the optothermal converting agent preferably generates heat upon absorption of infrared radiation.
- the optothermal converting agent is preferably an infrared absorbing dye, an
- infrared absorbing pigment or a combination thereof.
- IR dyes include, but are not limited to, polymethyl indoliums, metal complex IR dyes, indocyanine green, polymethine dyes, croconium dyes, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, squarylium dyes, chalcogeno-pyryloarylidene dyes, metal thiolate complex dyes,
- bis(aminoaryl)polymethine dyes bis(aminoaryl)polymethine dyes, indolizine dyes, pyrylium dyes, quinoid dyes, quinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, naphthalo-cyanine dyes, azo dyes, (metalized) azomethine dyes and combinations thereof.
- Preferred infrared absorbing dyes are polymethine dyes due to their low absorption in the visible region and their selectivity, i.e. narrow absorption peak in the infrared region.
- Particular preferred polymethine infrared dyes are cyanine infrared dyes.
- Preferred infrared absorbing dyes having an absorption maximum of more than
- Infrared absorbing dyes having an absorption maximum between 1000 nm and 1100 nm are preferably selected from the group consisting of quinoline dyes, indolenine dyes, especially a benzo[cd]indoline dye.
- a particularly preferred infrared dye is 5-[2,5-bis[2-[1-(1-methylbutyl)-benz[cd]indol-2(1 H)-ylidene]ethylidene]- cyclopentylidene]-1-butyl-3-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)- 2,4,6(1 H,3H,5H)- pyrimidinetrione (CASRN 223717-84-8) represented by the Formula IR-1 :
- the infrared absorbing dyes IR-1 has an absorption maximum ⁇ max of 1052 nm making it very suitable for a Nd-YAG laser having an emission wavelength of 1064 nm.
- Infrared absorbing dyes having an absorption maximum between 830 nm and 1000 nm are preferably selected from the group consisting of quinoline dyes, indolenine dyes, especially benzo[e]indolenine dyes, and benzo[f]indolenine dyes.
- An advantage of using infrared absorbing dyes is that the absorption spectrum of an infrared absorbing dye tends to be narrower than that of an Infrared absorbing pigment. This allows the production of multicoloured articles and security documents from precursors having a plurality of laser markable layers containing different IR dyes and colour foming compounds. The IR dyes having a different maximum absorption wavelength can then be addressd by IR lasers with corresponding emission wavelengths causing colour formation only in the laser markable layer of the addressd IR dye. Such multicolour articles have been disclosed in for example US 4720449, EP-A 2719540 and EP-A 2719541.
- the amount of the IR dyes is preferably between 0.005 and 1.000 g/m 2 , more
- IR dye preferably between 0.010 and 0.500 g/m 2 , most preferably between 0.015 and 0.050 g/m 2 .
- Enough IR dye has to be present to ensure sufficient colour density formation upon exposure to IR radiation. However, using too much IR dye may result in unwanted background colouration of the laser markable materials.
- Water soluble infrared dyes can be added as such to the aqueous composition.
- preferred infrared dyes are often not, or slightly, soluble in aqueous media. Such infrared dyes are preferably added to the laser markable composition as an aqueous dispersion or emulsion.
- Suitable examples of infrared absorbing pigments include but are not limited to
- carbon black such as acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black
- oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, sulfates and phosphates of metals such as copper, bismuth, iron, nickel, tin, zinc, manganese, zirconium, tungsten, lanthanum, and antimony including lanthane hexaboride, indium tin oxide (ITO) and antimony tin oxide, titanium black and black iron oxide.
- infrared dye classes disclosed above may also be used as infrared absorbing pigments, for example cyanine pigment, merocyanine pigment, etc.
- a preferred infrared absorbing pigment is carbon black.
- the particle size of the pigment is preferably from 0.01 to 5 ⁇ , more preferably from 0.05 to 1 pm.
- the amount of the infrared absorbing pigment is between 10 and 1000 ppm
- ppm preferably between 25 and 750 ppm, more preferably between 50 and 500 ppm, most preferably between 100 and 250 ppm, all relative to the total dry weight of the laser markable layer.
- An amount of infrared absorbing pigment above 1000 ppm results in a too high background density of the laser markable article.
- Aqueous dispersions of carbon black are preferably used in the present invention.
- Examples of such aqueous carbon black dispersions are CAB-O-JET® 200 and 300 from CABOT.
- the capsules have preferably an average particle size of not more than 5 pm, more preferably of not more than 2 ⁇ , most preferably of not more than 1 pm as determined by dynamic laser diffraction. Capsules having an average particle size smaller than 1 pm are typically called nanocapsules while capsules having an average particle size above 1 pm are typically called microcapsules.
- the capsules may have different morphologies, dependent on the preparation
- mononuclear capsules have a shell around a core while polynuclear capsules have multiple cores enclosed within the shell.
- Matrix encapsulation refers to a core material which is homogeneously distributed into the shell.
- Hydrophilic polymers, surfactants and/or polymeric dispersants may be used to obtain stable dispersions of the capsules in an aqueous medium and to control the particle size and the particle size distribution of the capsules.
- the capsules are dispersed in the aqueous medium
- the dispersing group is preferably selected from a group consisting of a carboxylic acid or salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or salt thereof, a phosphoric acid ester or salt thereof, a phosphonic acid or salt thereof, an ammonium group, a sulfonium group, a phosphonium group and a polyethylene oxide group.
- the dispersing groups stabilize the aqueous dispersion by electrostatic stabilization.
- a slightly alkaline aqueous medium will turn the carboxylic acid groups covalently bonded to the polymeric shell into ionic groups, whereafter the negatively charged capsules have no tendency to agglomerate. If sufficient dispersing groups are covalently bonded to the polymeric shell, the capsule becomes a so-called self- dispersing capsule.
- Other dispersing groups such as sulfonic acid groups tend to be dissociated even in acid aqueous medium and thus do not require the addition of an alkali.
- the dispersing group can be used in combination with a polymeric dispersant in order to accomplish steric stabilization.
- the polymeric shell may have covalently bonded carboxylic acid groups that interact with amine groups of a polymeric dispersant.
- no polymeric dispersant is used and dispersion stability is accomplished solely by electrostatic stabilization.
- the capsules may also be stabilized by solid particles which adsorb onto the shell.
- Preferred solid particles are colloidal silica.
- the polymer used in the polymeric shell of the capsule is crosslinked.
- crosslinking more rigidity is built into the capsules allowing a broader range of temperatures and pressures for handling the colour laser markable article.
- polymeric shell material examples include polyureas, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, melamine based polymers and mixtures thereof, with polyureas and polyurethanes being especially preferred.
- Capsules can be prepared using both chemical and physical methods. Suitable encapsulation methodologies include complex coacervation, liposome formation, spray drying and polymerization methods.
- a polymerization method is used as it allows the highest control in designing the capsules. More preferably interfacial polymerization is used to prepare the capsules used in the invention. This technique is well-known and has recently been reviewed by Zhang Y. and Rochefort D. (Journal of
- Interfacial polymerization is a particularly preferred technology for the preparation of capsules according to the present invention.
- interfacial polymerization such as interfacial polycondensation
- two reactants meet at the interface of the emulsion droplets and react rapidly.
- interfacial polymerization requires the dispersion of an oleophilic phase in an aqueous continuous phase or vice versa.
- Each of the phases contains at least one dissolved monomer (a first shell component) that is capable of reacting with another monomer (a second shell component) dissolved in the other phase.
- a polymer is formed that is insoluble in both the aqueous and the oleophilic phase.
- the formed polymer has a tendency to precipitate at the interface of the oleophilic and aqueous phase, hereby forming a shell around the dispersed phase, which grows upon further polymerization.
- the capsules according to the present invention are preferably prepared from an oleophilic dispersion in an aqueous continuous phase.
- Typical polymeric shells, formed by interfacial polymerization are selected from the group consisting of polyamides, typically prepared from di- or oligoamines as first shell component and di- or poly-acid chlorides as second shell component;
- polyurea typically prepared from di- or oligoamines as first shell component and di- or oligoisocyanates as second shell component
- polyurethanes typically prepared from di- or oligoalcohols as first shell component and di- or oligoisocyanates as second shell component
- polysulfonamides typically prepared from di- or oligoamines as first shell component and di- or oligosulfochlorides as second shell component
- polyesters typically prepared from di- or oligoalcohols as first shell component and di- or oligo-acid chlorides as second shell component
- polycarbonates typically prepared from di- or oligoalcohols as first shell component and di- or oligo-chloroformates as second shell component.
- the shell can be composed of combinations of these polymers.
- polymers such as gelatine, chitosan, albumin and
- polyethylene imine can be used as first shell components in combination with a di- or oligo-isocyanate, a di- or oligo acid chloride, a di- or oligo-chloroformate and an epoxy resin as second shell component.
- the shell is composed of a polyurethane, a polyurea or a combination thereof.
- a water immiscible solvent is used in the
- the water immiscible solvent has a boiling point below 100°C at normal pressure. Esters are particularly preferred as water immiscible solvent.
- a preferred organic solvent is ethyl acetate, because it also has a low flammability hazard compared to other organic solvents.
- a water immiscible solvent is an organic solvent having low miscibility in water.
- Low miscibility is defined as any water solvent combination forming a two phase system at 20°C when mixed in a one over one volume ratio.
- the method for preparing a dispersion of capsules preferably includes the following steps:
- the optothermal converting agent may be added together with the leuco dye in step (a) to the non-aqueous solution resulting in capsules wherein both the leuco dye and the optothermal converting agent are located in the core of the capsule.
- the optothermal converting agent Upon absorption of infrared radiation, the optothermal converting agent converts that radiation into heat. The heat then disrupts the capsules whereupon the leuco dye comes into reactive contact with a colour developing agent which then triggers the colour formation.
- Various electron accepting substances may be used as colour developing agent in the present invention.
- Examples thereof include phenolic compounds, organic or inorganic acidic compounds and esters or salts thereof.
- Specific examples include bisphenol A; tetrabromobisphenol A; gallic acid; salicylic acid; 3-isopropyl salicylate; 3-cyclohexyl salicylate; 3-5-di-tert-butyl salicylate; 3,5-di- ⁇ -methyl benzyl salicylate; 4,4 ' -isopropylidenediphenol; 1 , ⁇ -isopropylidene bis(2- chlorophenol); 4,4 ' -isopropylene bis(2,6-dibromo-phenol); 4,4 ' -isopropylidene bis(2,6-dichlorophenol); 4,4 ' -isopropylidene bis(2-methyl phenol); 4,4 ' - isopropylidene bis(2,6-dimethyl phenol); 4,4 ' -isopropylidene bis(2-tert-butyl phenol); 4,4 ' -sec-butylidene diphenol; 4,4
- a preferred colour developing agent is a metal salt of salicylate, for example zinc salicylate.
- a particularly preferred colour developing agent is zinc 3,5-bis(a - methylbenzyl) salicylate.
- the colour developing agent may be present in the continuous phase of the laser markable composition or it may be present in the core of a capsule. However, when the colour developing agent is not, or slightly, soluble in aqueous media, it is preferred to add such a colour developing agent as an aqueous dispersion or emulsion.
- a so-called colour developing agent precursor may be used. Such a precursor forms a colour developing agent upon exposure to heat. Using a colour developing agent precursor instead of a colour developer may result in a better UV and heat stability of the laser markable compositon.
- the colour developing agent precursor may be present in the continuous phase of the laser markable composition or it may be present in the core of a capsule.
- the colour developing agent when the colour developing agent is not, or slightly, soluble in aqueous media, it is preferred to add such a colour developing agent as an aqueous dispersion or emulsion.
- thermal acid generators can be used as colour developing agent precursor.
- Thermal acid generators are for example widely used in conventional photoresist material. For more information see for example " Encyclopaedia of polymer science” , 4 th edition, Wiley or " Industrial Photoinitiators, A Technical Guide” , CRC Press 2010.
- Preferred classes of photo- and thermal acid generators are iodonium salts
- sulfonium salts ferrocenium salts, sulfonyl oximes, halomethyl triazines, haiomethylarylsulfone, a-haloacetophenones, sulfonate esters, t-butyl esters, allyl substituted phenols, t-butyl carbonates, sulfate esters, phosphate esters and phosphonate esters.
- Preferred colour developing agent precursors are the thermal acid generating
- R1 and R3 independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted (hetero)cyclic alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkanyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, an optionally substituted alkynyl group, an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted (hetero)cyclic alkoxy group, or an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl group.
- R2, R4 and R5 independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted aliphatic (hetero)cyclic alkyl group or an optionally substituted aralkyl group;
- R1 and R2, R4 and R5, R3 and R4, and R3 and R5 may represent the necessary atoms to form a ring.
- Suitable alkyl groups include 1 or more carbon atoms such as for example Ci to C22- alkyl groups, more preferably Ci to Ci2-alkyl groups and most preferably Ci to Ce- alkyl groups.
- the alkyl group may be lineair or branched such as for example methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl), pentyl, 1 ,1 -dimethyl-propyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl and 2-methyl-butyl, or hexyl.
- Suitable cyclic alkyl groups include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or adamantyl.
- Suitable heterocyclic alkyl groups include tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, silolanyl, or thianyl oxanyl.
- Suitable aryl groups include for example phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, tolyl, ortho- meta- or para-xylyl, anthracenyl or phenanthrenyl.
- Suitable heteroaryl groups include monocyclic- or polycyclic aromatic rings
- heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, selenium and sulphur and/or combinations thereof.
- heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, selenium and sulphur and/or combinations thereof.
- examples include pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazoyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, (1 ,2,3,)- and (1 ,2,4)-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl and carbazoyl.
- Suitable alkoxy groups include those containing from 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 8
- carbon atoms such as ethoxide, propoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide, isobutoxide and tert-butoxide.
- Suitable aryloxy groups include phenoxy and naphthoxy.
- alkyl, (hetero)cyclic alkyl, aralkyl, (hetero)aryl, alkoxy, (hetero)cyclic alkoxy, or (hetero)aryloxy groups may include one or more substituents.
- the optional substituents are preferably selected from an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1 -isobutyl, 2-isobutyl and tertiary-butyl group; an ester, amide, ether, thioether, ketone, aldehyde, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonate ester or sulfonamide group, a halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, -OH, - SH, -CN and -NO2, and/or combinations thereof.
- an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1 -isobutyl, 2-isobutyl and tertiary-butyl group
- R1 preferably represents a Ci to C22-alkyl group, an aliphatic alkoxide group containing 2 to 8 carbons, a phenyl group or a tolyl group.
- R1 most preferably represents a tolyl group.
- R2 preferably represents a Ci to C22-alkyl group or a (hetero)cyclic alkyl group.
- R2 most preferably represents a cyclohexyl group.
- R3 preferably represents a Ci to C22-alkyl group, an aliphatic alkoxide group
- R4 and R5 independently represent a Ci to C22-alkyl group.
- R4 and R5 represent independently an isobutyl, t-butyl, isopropyl, 2-ethylhexyl or a linear C2 to Ce-alkyl group.
- the compound used in the present invention can be a monomer, an oligomer (i.e. a structure including a limited amount of monomers such as two, three or four repeating units) or a polymer (i.e. a structure including more than four repeating units).
- the compound used in the present invention contains at least one moiety according to Formula I and/or Formula II, preferably 1 to 150 moieties according to Formula I and/or Formula II. According to a preferred embodiment, the compound according to Formula I or Formula II may be present in a side chain of a polymer
- the polymer is more preferably obtained from the coupling of a polymer or copolymer bearing side chains with alcohol groups and a sulfonyl chloride.
- the polymer is most preferably obtained from the coupling of a polymer or copolymer bearing side chains with alcohol groups and tosyl chloride.
- Useful polymers bearing side chains with alcohol include for example polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, cellulose derivatives, homo- and copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, polysiloxane derivatives such as copolymers of hydroxyalkyl-methylsiloxane, and novolac resins.
- photo- and thermal acid generators are iodonium salts, sulfonium salts, ferrocenium salts, sulfonyl oximes, halomethyl triazines, halomethyl- arylsulfone, a-haloacetophenones, sulfonate esters, t-butyl esters, allyl substituted phenols, t-butyl carbonates, sulfate esters, phosphate esters and phosphonate esters.
- the colour developing agent precursor is a polymer particle, which is capable of forming an acid upon exposure to heat.
- the polymer particles which are capable of forming an acid upon exposure to heat may have two functions:
- the polymer particles comprise repeating units, which are capable of generating an acid upon exposure to heat. Typically, exposure to heat may cause a fragmentation reaction resulting in an acid formation.
- the resulting acid may be a low molecular weight molecule formed by the fragmentation reaction or the acid may reside on the polymer particle after a fragmentation reaction.
- Table 2 depicts (part of) polymeric acid precursors, more specific the repeating unit that is able to generate an acid upon thermal treatment. Table 2
- R represents an alkyl group, preferably a tertiar butyl group
- R represents an alkyl group, preferably a tertiar but l group
- the polymeric particles are capable of releasing a low molecular weight acid.
- a particularly preferred polymer particle is a polyvinylidenechloride (PVDC) polymer particle. Upon exposure to heat, such a polymer particle is capable of releasing PVDC (polyvinylidenechloride) from PVDC.
- PVDC polyvinylidenechloride
- PVDC polyvinylidenechloride
- copolymer comprising 90 wt% or less of vinylidene chloride based on the total weight of the binder.
- the vinylidene chloride copolymer preferably comprises a further monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, vinylether, vinylacetate, vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid.
- the vinylidene chloride copolymer more preferably comprises a further monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, maleci acid, maleic anhydride and an alkyl acrylate.
- the alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate referred to above is preferably a C1-C10 alkyl acrylate or methacrylate.
- Particular preferred alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates are methyl and butyl acrylate or methyl and butyl methacrylate.
- Water based vinylidene copolymers may also be used in the present invention.
- copolymers examples include Daran® 8730, Daran®8550, Daran®SL112, Daran®SL143, Daran®SL159 or Daran®8100, all commercially available from Owensboro Specialty Polymers; Diofan®193D, Diofan®P520, Diofan®P530 all commercially available from Solvay.
- a PVDC copolymer may be characterized by the so-called dehydrochlorination constant (DHC). The amount of HCI liberated by a specific PVDC copolymer at a specified temperature during a specific time is measured.
- DHC dehydrochlorination constant
- the amount of polymer particle in the laser markable composition is preferably
- the amount of polymer particles is preferably between 50 and 95 wt%, more preferably between 65 and 90 wt %, most preferably between 75 and 85 wt %, relative to the total dry weight of the laser markable composition.
- a number of classes of leuco dyes may be used as colour forming compounds in the present invention, such as for example: spiropyran leuco dyes such as
- spirobenzopyrans e.g. spiroindolinobenzopyrans, spirobenzo-pyranobenzopyrans, 2,2-dialkylchromenes), spironaphtooxazine and spirothiopyran; leuco quinone dyes; azines such as oxazines, diazines, thiazines and phenazine; phthalide- and phthalimidine-type leuco dyes such as triarylmethane phtalides (e.g. crystal violet lactone), diarylmethane phthalides, monoarylmethane phthalides, heterocyclic substituted phthalides, alkenyl substituted phthalides, bridged phthalides (e.g.
- fluoran leuco dyes such as fluoresceins, rhodamines and rhodols
- triarylmethanes such as leuco crystal violet
- ketazines barbituric acid leuco dyes and thiobarbituric acid leuco dyes.
- the capsules may comprise more than one leuco dye, typically to obtain a specific desired colour.
- the leuco dye is preferably present in the laser markable layer in an amount of 0.05 to 5.00 g/m 2 , more preferably in an amount of 0.10 to 3.00 g/m 2 , most preferably in an amount of 0.20 to 1.00 g/m 2 .
- reaction mechanism can be represented by:
- Preferred leuco dyes are phthalide- and phthalimidine-type leuco dyes such as
- triarylmethane phthalides diarylmethane phthalides, monoarylmethane phthalides, heterocyclic substituted phthalides, alkenyl substituted phthalides, bridged phthalides (e.g. spirofluorene phthalides and spirobenzanthracene phthalides) and bisphthalides; and fluoran leuco dyes such as fluoresceins, rhodamines and rhodols.
- a combination is used of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CASRN 50292-95-0, CASRN 89331-94-2, CASRN 1552-42-7 (crystal violet lactone), CASRN 148716-90- 9, CASRN 630-88-6, CASRN 36889-76-7 or CASRN 132467-74-4 as the Leuco Dye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CASRN 58109-40- 3, CASRN 300374-81-6, CASRN 1224635-68-0, CASRN 949-42-8, CASRN 69432- 40-2, CASRN 3584-23-4, CASRN 74227-35-3, CASRN 953-91-3 or CASRN6542- 67-2 as acid generator.
- reaction mechanism can be represented by:
- R1 , R2 and R3 each independently represent an amino group, an optionally substituted mono- or dialkylamino group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group.
- R1 and R3 also each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group.
- a preferred leuco dye for the present invention is leuco crystal violet (CASRN 603-48-5).
- reaction mechanism can be represented by wherein X represents an oxygen atom or an optionally substituted amino or methine group. 4. Fragmentation of a leuco dye
- reaction mechanism can be represented by:
- Preferred leuco dyes are oxazines, diazines, thiazines and phenazine.
- a particularly preferred leuco dye (CASRN 104434-37-9) is shown in EP 174054 (POLAROID) which discloses a thermal imaging method for forming colour images by the irreversible unimolecular fragmentation of one or more thermally unstable carbamate moieties of an organic compound to give a visually discernible colour shift from colourless to coloured.
- the fragmentation of a leuco dye may be catalyzed or amplified by acids, photo acid generators, and thermal acid generators.
- reaction mechanism can be represented by:
- Xi represents an oxygen atom, an amino group, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom and X2 represents an optionally substituted methine group or a nitrogen atom.
- the preferred spiropyran leuco dyes for the present invention are spiro-benzopyrans such as spiroindolinobenzopyrans, spirobenzopyranobenzopyrans, 2,2- dialkylchromenes; spironaphtooxazines and spirothiopyrans.
- the spiropyran leuco dyes are CASRN 160451-52-5 or CASRN 393803-36-6.
- the ring opening of a spiropyran leuco dye may be catalyzed or amplified by acids, photo acid generators, and thermal acid generators.
- the cyan colour forming compound has a structure according to Formulae CCFC1 , CCFC2 or
- magenta colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula MCFC2:
- the red colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula RCFC:
- the yellow colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula YCFC:
- R, R' are independently selected from a group consisting of a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, an aryl and aralkyl group.
- the yellow colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula YCFC, wherein R and R' independently represent a linear alkyl group, branched alkyl group, an aryl or an aralkyl group substituted by at least one functional group containing an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom.
- a particularly preferred yellow colour forming compound is the compound according to Formula YCFC wherein both R and R' are methyl.
- the yellow colour forming compound has a structure according to Formulae
- the black colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula BCFC
- the laser markable composition may include a polymeric binder.
- a polymeric binder In principle any suitable polymeric binder that does not prevent the colour formation in a laser markable layer may be used.
- the polymeric binder may be a polymer, a copolymer or a combination thereof.
- the laser markable layer preferably includes a water soluble or dispersible binder.
- water soluble or dispersible binder examples include homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl alcohol, (meth)acrylamide, methylol (meth)acrylamide, (meth)acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, maleic anhydride/vinylmethylether copolymers, copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid or vinylalcohol with styrene sulphonic acid, vinyl alcohol/vinylacetate copolymers, carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose sulfate, polyethylene oxides, gelatin, cationic starch, casein, sodium polyacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer sodium salt, sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
- Preferred vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymers are disclosed in EP-A 2103736, paragraph [79]- [82].
- the polymeric binder is preferably present in the colour forming layer in an amount of 1 to 30 g/m 2 , more preferably in an amount of 2 to 20 g/m 2 , most preferably in an amount of 3 to 10 g/m 2 .
- the laser markable layer or another layer of the laser markable article may contain one or more acid scavengers.
- Acid scavengers include organic or inorganic bases.
- the inorganic bases include hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals; secondary or tertiary phosphates, borates, carbonates; quinolinates and metaborates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals; a combination of zinc hydroxide or zinc oxide and a chelating agent (e.g., sodium picolinate); hydrotalcite such as Hycite 713 from Clariant; ammonium hydroxide; hydroxides of quaternary alkylammoniums; and hydroxides of other metals.
- organic bases examples include aliphatic amines (e.g., trialkylamines, hydroxylamines and aliphatic polyamines); aromatic amines (e.g., N-alkyl-substituted aromatic amines, N-hydroxylalkyl-substituted aromatic amines and bis[p-(dialkylamino)phenyl]-methanes), heterocyclic amines, amidines, cyclic amidines, guanidines and cyclic guanidines.
- aromatic amines e.g., N-alkyl-substituted aromatic amines, N-hydroxylalkyl-substituted aromatic amines and bis[p-(dialkylamino)phenyl]-methanes
- heterocyclic amines amidines, cyclic amidines, guanidines and cyclic guanidines.
- HALS compounds include TinuvinTM 292, TinuvinTM 123, TinuvinTM 1 198, TinuvinTM 1198 L, TinuvinTM 144, TinuvinTM 152, TinuvinTM 292, TinuvinTM 292 HP, TinuvinTM 5100, TinuvinTM 622 SF, TinuvinTM 770 DF, ChimassorbTM 2020 FDL, ChimassorbTM 944 LD from BASF; Hostavin 3051 , Hostavin 3050, Hostavin N 30, Hostavin N321 , Hostavin N 845 PP, Hostavin PR 31 from Clariant.
- acid scavengers are salts of weak organic acids such as
- a preferred acid scavenger is an organic base, more preferably an amine.
- a particular preferred acid scavenger is an organic base having a pKb of less than 7.
- the laser markable article may also comprise a UV-absorber.
- the UV-absorber may be present in a laser markable layer or may also be present in another layer, for example an outer layer or an intermediate layer.
- UV-absorbers examples include 2-hydroxyphenyl-benzophenones (BP) such as ChimassorbTM 81 and ChimassorbTM 90 from BASF; 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- benzotriazoles (BTZ) such as TinuvinTM 109, TinuvinTM 1130, TinuvinTM 171 , TinuvinTM 326, TinuvinTM 328, TinuvinTM 384-2, TinuvinTM 99-2, TinuvinTM 900, TinuvinTM 928, TinuvinTM CarboprotectTM.
- BP 2-hydroxyphenyl-benzophenones
- BTZ 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- benzotriazoles
- TinuvinTM 360 TinuvinTM 1130, TinuvinTM 327, TinuvinTM 350, TinuvinTM 234 from BASF, ixximTM BB/100 from FAIRMOUNT, Chiguard 5530 from Chitec; 2-hydroxy-phenyl-s-triazines (HPT) such as TinuvinTM 460, TinuvinTM 400, TinuvinTM 405, TinuvinTM 477, TinuvinTM 479, TinuvinTM 1577 ED, TinuvinTM 1600 from BASF, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis-(2,4- dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine (CASRN 1668-53-7) from Capot Chemical Ltd and 4-[4,6- bis(2-methyl-phenoxy)-1 ,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1 ,3-benzenediol (CASRN13413-61-1); titanium dioxide such as Solasorb 00F from from Croda Chemicals; zink oxide such as Solasorb 200F from
- Preferred UV absorbers have in the wavelength region between 300 and 400 nm a maximum absorption above 330 nm, more preferably above 350 nm.
- UV absorbers are hydroxyphenyl benzotriazoles
- the laser markable article according to the present invention is prepared by
- the laser markable composition may be provided onto a support by co-extrusion or any conventional coating technique, such as dip coating, knife coating, extrusion coating, spin coating, spray coating, slide hopper coating and curtain coating.
- the laser markable layer is coated with a slide hopper coater or a curtain coater.
- the laser markable composition may also be provided onto a support by inkjet printing. Using inkjet printing is preferred when only a part or several parts of a support has to be provided with a laser markable layer.
- a colour laser markable article comprising a laser markable layer comprising capsules composed of a polymeric shell surrounding a core, a colour developing agent, and an optothermal converting agent, wherein
- the core of the capsule contains a leuco dye.
- the dry thickness of the laser markable layer is preferably between 1 and
- a laser markable layer according to the present invention may be combined with other laser markable layers.
- Such other laser markable layers may be another laser markable layer according to the present invention, with for example a different infrared absorbing dye and a different leuco dye, and may be used to produce multiple colours by multiple laser exposures, as disclosed in for example EP-A 2719540 and EP-A 2719541.
- Such other laser markable layers may also be any known laser markable layer and may be used to produce another colour in addition to the colour formed in the laser markable layer according to the present invention.
- Such other laser markable layer may also be a layer which may undergo
- Such laser markable layers are well known in the art and are for example disclosed in EP-A 2567825 paragraph [0111] to [0123].
- EP-A 2567825 also discloses a laser markable polymeric support (paragraphs
- top coat on the laser markable layer wherein the top coat may contain one or more UV absorbing compounds or one or more light stabilizing compounds, such as for example HALS compounds. It may also be advantageous to incorporate water barrier properties into the laser markable article to improve the stability of the laser marked image in high humid conditions.
- the laser markable composition is applied on a support to prepare a colour laser markable article.
- the composition may be applied on any surface, for example a metallic support, a glass support, a paper support.
- a preferred support is a polymeric support, more preferably a transparent polymeric support, most preferably a transparent axially stretched polyester support.
- Suitable transparent polymeric supports include cellulose acetate propionate or cellulose acetate butyrate, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyimides, polyolefins, polyvinylchlorides, polyvinylacetals, polyethers and polysulfonamides.
- the transparent polymeric support is a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate foil (PET-C foil) to be very durable and resistant to scratches and chemical substances.
- PET-C foil biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate foil
- the support preferably is a single component extrudate, but may also be a co- extrudate.
- suitable co-extrudates are PET/PETG and PET/PC.
- Polyester supports and especially polyethylene terephthalate supports are preferred because of their excellent properties of dimensional stability.
- a subbing layer is preferably employed to improve the bonding of layers, foils and/or laminates to the support.
- PET-C foils and supports are well-known in the art of preparing suitable supports for silver halide photographic films.
- GB 811066 ICI
- ICI teaches a process to produce biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate foils and supports.
- the polyethylene terephthalate is preferably biaxially stretched with a stretching factor of at least 2.0, more preferably at least 3.0 and most preferably a stretching factor of about 3.5.
- the temperature used during stretching is preferably about 160°C.
- the polymeric support may be provided with one or more subbing layers to improve the adhesion between the laser markable layer and the support.
- subbing layers for this purpose are well known in the photographic art and include, for example, polymers of vinylidene chloride such as vinylidene
- Suitable vinylidene chloride copolymers include: the copolymer of vinylidene
- the transparent oriented polyester support is provided with a subbing layer including a binder based on a polyester-urethane copolymer.
- the polyester-urethane copolymer is an ionomer type polyester urethane, preferably using polyester segments based on terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol and hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- a suitable polyester-urethane copolymer is HydranTM APX101 H from DIC Europe GmbH.
- subbing layers are well-known in the art of manufacturing polyester supports for silver halide photographic films.
- preparation of such subbing layers is disclosed in US 3649336 (AGFA) and GB 1441591 (AGFA);
- the subbing layer has a dry thickness of no more than 0.2 ⁇ or preferably no more than 200 mg/m 2 . Additional layers
- the laser markable article may in addition to the laser markable layer according to the present invention contain additional layers, such as for example other laser markable layers, subbing layers, an outer layer that is suitable as a receiver layer for dyes applied by thermal dye sublimation or even inkjet printing, or intermediate layers between laser markable layers.
- An outer layer as used herein means an outermost layer, or foil.
- the laser markable material preferably comprises an intermediate layer between the laser markable layers to prevent colour contamination.
- Such an intermediate layer may be a polymeric film such as disclosed in EP-A 2719541 but is preferably a coated layer, preferably a layer coated from an aqueous coating solution.
- These intermediate layers preferably contain an acid scavenger as disclosed above to prevent diffusion of an acid from one laser markable layer to another.
- Intermediate layers may contain a UV absorber as disclosed above to improve the daylight stability of the laser markable materials.
- top coat on the laser markable layer wherein the top coat may contain one or more UV absorbing compounds or one or more light stabilizing compounds, such as for example HALS compounds.
- water barrier properties into the laser markable article to improve the stability of the laser marked image in high humid conditions, for example by incorporating one or more intermediate and/or top layers having such water barrier properties.
- a colour laser markable document precursor or document may be prepared by
- the core support may be transparent or opaque.
- the core support is preferably an opaque white core support.
- the advantage of an opaque white core support is that any information present on the document is more easily readable and that a colour image is more appealing by having a white background.
- Preferred opaque white core supports include resin coated paper supports, such as polyethylene coated paper and polypropylene coated paper, and synthetic paper supports such as SynapsTM synthetic paper of Agfa-Gevaert NV.
- Other examples of useful high-quality polymeric supports for the present invention include opaque white polyesters and extrusion blends of polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene. Also TeslinTM may be used as support.
- a white opacifying layer can be coated onto a transparent polymeric support, such as those disclosed above.
- the opacifying layer preferably contains a white pigment with a refractive index greater than 1.60, preferably greater than 2.00, and most preferably greater than 2.60.
- the white pigments may be employed singly or in combination. Suitable white pigments include C.I. Pigment White 1 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21 , 24, 25, 27, 28 and 32.
- titanium dioxide is used as pigment with a refractive index greater than 1.60.
- Titanium oxide occurs in the crystalline forms of anatase type, rutile type and brookite type.
- the rutile type is preferred because it has a very high refractive index, exhibiting a high covering power.
- the laser markable article is applied on both sides of a core support.
- invention comprises the steps of:
- the infrared laser may be a continuous wave or a pulsed laser.
- a preferred continuous wave laser is a semiconductor laser because the device is compact and inexpensive.
- Most semiconductor lasers are laser diodes, which are pumped with an electrical current in a region where n-doped and p-doped
- semiconductor lasers where carriers are generated by absorbed pump light.
- Optically pumped semiconductor lasers have the advantage of unique wavelength flexibility, different from any other solid-state based laser.
- the fundamental near-IR output wavelength is determined by the structure of the gain chip (e.g. the semiconductor InGaAs), and can be set anywhere between about 920 nm and about 1150 nm. This allows a perfect match between the laser emission wavelength and the infrared dye absorption maximum.
- a preferred pulsed laser is a solid state Q-switched laser.
- Q-switching is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam. The technique allows the production of light pulses with extremely high peak power, much higher than would be produced by the same laser if it were operating in a continuous wave (constant output) mode, Q-switching leads to much lower pulse repetition rates, much higher pulse energies, and much longer pulse durations.
- the laser markable article is preferably combined with one or more other security features to increase the difficulty for falsifying the document.
- Suitable other security features such as anti-copy patterns, guilloches, endless text, miniprint, microprint, nanoprint, rainbow colouring, 1 D-barcode, 2D-barcode, coloured fibres, fluorescent fibres and planchettes, fluorescent pigments, OVD and DOVID (such as holograms, 2D and 3D holograms, kinegramsTM, overprint, relief embossing, perforations, metallic pigments, magnetic material, Metamora colours, microchips, RFID chips, images made with OVI (Optically Variable Ink) such as iridescent and photochromic ink, images made with thermochromic ink,
- phosphorescent pigments and dyes include duotone and multitone watermarks, ghost images and security threads.
- D120N is a urethane resin commercially available from Mitsui.
- Mowiol 4 88 is a polyvinyl alcohol commercially available from Hoechst.
- Olfine ⁇ 10 ⁇ 0 is a wetting agent commercially available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Company. Ario is a 15 wt% aqueous solution of Marlon A365, commercially available from Brenntag.
- Proxel Ultra 5 is a biocide, commercially available from Avecia.
- Ralox 46 is a sterically hindered phenolix antioxidant from Raschig.
- Tinuvin 928 is a UV absorber commercially available from BASF.
- DISFLAMOLL TKP is a low volatility halogen free phosphate plasticer from Lanxess.
- Proxelk is a 5 wt% aqueous solution of 1 ,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one potassium salt
- MOW is an aqueous solution of 15 wt% Mowiol 4 88 and 2 wt% Proxelk.
- CCE is Hydran APX-101 H, a polyester urethane (45 %) from DIC.
- Resorcinol is commercially available from Sumitomo Chemicals.
- Par is a dimethyltrimethylolamine formaldehyde resin from Cytec industries.
- PAR-sol is a 40 wt% aqueous solution of Par.
- PEA is TospearlTM 120 from Momentive Performance Materials.
- PEA-sol is a 10 wt% (50/50) aqueous/ethanol dispersion of PEA.
- DowfaxTM 2A1 from Pilot Chemicals C is a Alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate (4.5%wt).
- DOW-sol is a 2.5 wt% solution of DowfaxTM 2A1 in isopropanol.
- SurfynolTM 420 from Air Products is a non ionic surfactant.
- Surfynsol is a 2.5 wt% solution of SurfynolTM 420 in isopropanol.
- CORE is a 500 pm opaque PETG core available as PET-G 500 type 931 1 from
- LD-01 is MITSUI GN-169, a leuco dye (CASRN148716-90-9) commercially available from Mitsui.
- LD-02 is MITSUI GN-2, a leuco dye (CASRN 132467-74-4) commercially available from Mitsui.
- LD-03 is WINCON 205, a leuco dye (CASRN 70516-41 -5) commercially available from Connect Chemicals.
- LD-04 is Pergascript Black 2C, a leuco dye (CASRN 89331 -94-2) commercially available from BASF.
- LD-05 is Pergascript black IR, a leuco dye commercially available from CIBA- GEIGY.
- LD-06 is a leuco dye (CASRN21934-68-9) commercially available from Molekula Fine Chemicals.
- LD-07 is Wincon Red, a leucodye (CASRN 50292-95-0) commercially available from Connect Chemicals.
- Tinuvin 928 is an UV absorber, commercially available from BASF. [0240] Tetraethylenepentamine (CASRN1 12-57-2) commercially available from Aldrich.
- Ralox 46 commercially available from Raschig.
- Aerosol OT-100 is a surfactant commercially available from CYTEC.
- Cyclohexyl p-toluene sulfonate a colour developing agent commercially available from TCI, further purified by extraction and recrystallization - meer info nodig?)
- CB-01 is Cab-O-Jet 300, a carbon black dispersion from CABOT CORPORATION,
- DARAN 8100 is a vinylidene copolymer - methyl acrylate polymer dispersion in water (60 wt%) , commercially available from OWENSBORO SPECIALTY
- Tinogard AS a UV absorber commercially available from BASF.
- DR306 is a surfactant solution according to the following table.
- ChemguardTM S228 is a blend of fluoro/silicone surfactants from
- ChemguardTM S550 is a short-chain perfluoro-based ethoxylated nonionic fluorosurfactant from CHEMGUARD INC.
- Buffer (pH 9) is a phosphate buffer (0.25 M NaH2P04).
- 1064IR is an IR dye with the following formula and synthesized as disclosed in paragraphs [0150] to [0159] of EP-A 2463109.
- the content in the mill was cooled to keep the temperature below 60°C.
- the dispersion was discharged into a vessel.
- the resulting concentrated dispersion exhibited an average particle size of 193 nm as measured with a MalvernTM nano-S and a viscosity of 5 mPa.s at 25°C and at a shear rate of 10 s- 1 .
- LD-CAPS-01 has been prepared by adding 2.1 g Tinuvin 928, 5.47 g LD-03, 1.22 g LD-05, 3.04 g LD-04, 4.87 g LD-06, 4.87 g LD-01 and 2.43 g LD-02 to 32 g ethyl acetate. Then, 23.1 g TAKENATE D120N was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 70 °C during 10 minutes in order to dissolve the components after which 0.25 g IRD dissolved in 3 mL methylene chloride was added to the mixture. The mixture was then brought to 25 °C.
- OLFINE E1010 3 drops were added to 77 g MOWIOL 4 88 and 50 mL water.
- the ethyl acetate- based solution was added to the aqueous solution.
- the mixture was emulsified using a T25 digital Ultra-Turrax® with an 18N rotor commercially available from IKA at 20000 rpm during 5 minutes.
- Ethyl acetate was removed under reduced pressure. During the process, also 20 mL of water was evaporated and therefore, the same amount of water was added to the mixture after evaporation. 2.5 g Tetraethylenepentamine in 15.5 mL water was added. This mixture was stirred for 16 hours at 65 °C and afterwards cooled to 25 °C. Large particles were removed by filtering the mixture using a cloth filter with 60 ⁇ pores.
- LD-CAPS-02 was prepared in the same way as LD-CAPS-01 , except that no
- infrared dye (IRD) is used.
- DEV-01 has been prepared by adding in Pot A, 55 g of Arlo, 4.4 g Proxel Ultra 5 and 366.674 MOW were added to 524.601 g water. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at 50°C in order to dissolve all components.
- Tinuvin 928, 8.25 g DISFLAMOLL TKP, 4.125 g Ethyl Maleate and 181.5 g Zinc 3,5-bis(alpha methylbenzyl) salicylate were added to 495 g ethyl acetate. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 50°C in order to dissolve all components.
- DEV-02 has been prepared by adding in Pot A 66.6 g MOW and 0.4 g PROXELK to 13 g water. The mixture was stirred and heated to 50 °C.
- Pot B 10 g of DISFLAMOLL TKP and 10 g cyclohexyl p-toluene sulfonate were added to 40 g of ethyl acetate and heated to 50 °C until everything was completely dissolved.
- Pot B was added to pot A and the mixture was emulsified using a T25 digital Ultra-Turrax® with an 18N rotor, commercially available from IKA at 20000 rpm during 5 minutes. Ethyl acetate was removed from the mixture under reduced pressure.
- a coating composition SUB-1 was prepared by mixing the components according to the following Table 3.
- a 1 100 ⁇ thick polyethylene terephthalate sheet was first longitudinally stretched and then coated on both sides with the coating composition SUB-1 at a wet coating thickness of 10 ⁇ . After drying, the longitudinally stretched and coated
- polyethylene terephthalate sheet was transversally stretched to produce a double side subbed 63 pm thick sheet PET-C, which was transparent and glossy.
- An outer layer was prepared by coating the coating solution OUT-1 shown in Table 4 on one side of the PET-C foil at a wet coating thickness of 30 pm and dried at 90°C during 6 minutes.
- the Laser Markable Laminates LML-1 to LML-2 were then obtained by coating the coating solutions shown in Table 5 on the other side of the PET-C foil at a wet coating thickness of 30 ⁇ and dried at 90°C during 15 minutes.
- the Laser Markable Laminates LML-1 to LML-2 were laminated on both sides of a 600 ⁇ PETG CORE (from Wolfen) using an OASYS OLA 6H laminator (130°C - 220 sec). Evaluation of the Laser Markable Articles LMA-1 to LMA-2
- optical density of the laser marked areas were measured in reflection using a spectrodensitometer type XRITE500 using a visual filter.
- LML-03 was prepared by adding 7.93 g of DEV-01 to 3.97 g of LD-CAPS-01 and 30 g of a 12 wt% Mowiol 4 88 solution. The mixture was subsequently stirred during 5 minutes at room temperature with a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was coated with an Elcometer Bird Film Applicator (from ELCOMETER INSTRUMENTS) on a PET-C support at a wet coating thickness of 50 pm and dried at 80 °C for 5 minutes in a circulation oven. [0278] LML-04 was prepared in the same manner as LML-03 except that DEV-02 is used instead of DEV-01.
- LMA-03 was prepared by laminating the laser markable laminate LML-03 on both sides of the white opaque core support CORE wherein the coated side of the laser markable laminate faces the white opaque core support CORE.
- the lamination was performed using a Photonex-325 LSI laminator at a temperature of 110 °C and speed mode 1.
- LMA-04 was prepared in the same way as LMA-04, except that the laser markable laminate LML-02 is used instead of LML-01.
- An optically pumped semiconductor laser emitting at 1064 nm (Genesis MX 1064- 10000 MTM from COHERENT) was used for producing a black wedge of 0.6 cm x 0.6 cm square boxes of increasing optical density in the laser markable layer.
- the laser was used at a power level of 4 W measured at the sample, a dither of 0.025, a scan speed of 200 mm/s and at a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz.
- optical density of the laser marked areas were measured in reflection using a spectrodensitometer type GretagMacbeth SPM50 using a visual filter.
- LMA-04 wherein as colour developing agent precursor cyclohexyl p-toluene sulfonate is used, has a significantly higher maximal optical density compared to LMA-03, wherein the commonly used Zinc 3,5-bis(alpha methylbenzyl) salicylate is used as colour developing agent.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
Abstract
A laser markable composition comprising (a) an aqueous medium; (b) capsules composed of a polymeric shell surrounding a core; (c) a colour developing agent or colour developing agent precursor; and (d) an optothermal converting agent; characterized in that the core of the capsule contains a leuco dye.
Description
Description
Laser Markable Compositions, Articles and Documents
Field of the Invention
[001] This invention relates to aqueous laser markable compositions and to articles made therefrom.
Background of the Invention
[002] Various substrates, for example paper, paperboard or plastics, are very often
marked with informtion such as logos, bar codes, expiry dates or batch numbers.
[003] Tradionally, the marking of these substrates has been achieved by various printing techniques, such as for example inkjet or thermal transfer printing. However, these printing techniques are more and more replaced by laser marking as laser marking is cheaper in terms of overall economics and shows performance benefits such as high speed and contact free marking, marking of substrates with uneven surfaces, creation of marks that are so small that they are invisible or nearly invisible to the human eye, and creation of marks in the substrate rather than on the substrates.
[004] Security cards are widely used for various applications such as identification
purposes (ID cards) and financial transfers (credit cards). Such cards typically consist of a laminated structure consisting of various paper or plastic laminates and layers wherein some of them may carry alphanumeric data and a picture of the card holder. So called 'smart cards' can also store digital information by including an electronic chip in the card body. A principal objective of such security cards is that they cannot be easily modified or reproduced in such a way that the modification or reproduction is difficult to distinguish from the original.
[005] Laser marking is perceived a secure way to add information on a security document as it is capable of producing the information " inside" the security document.
[006] Well known in the field of laser markable security documents is the use of laser markable polymeric supports. Laser marking produces a colour change from white to black in a laser markable support through carbonization of the polymer, usually polycarbonate as disclosed in e.g. EP-A 2181858.
[007] During the past last years, there is an increased interest of using laser markable layers. The advantage of using a laser markable layer coated on a support instead of a laser markable support, is that a support can be used which has better physical
properties than the laser markable supports, such as for example a higher flexibility than a polycarbonate support as disclosed in e.g. EP-A 2567825.
[008] There is also an increased interest in using laser marking to produce coloured
images, for example in security documents, but also in various other applications. Therefore, laser markable layers are used which are composed of colour forming compounds (also called " leuco-dyes" ) which can change from essentially colourless or pale-coloured to coloured when exposed to for example heat, such as disclosed in for example EP-A 2648920.
[009] The colour laser markable layers may comprise an infrared absorbing dye (IR dye) or an infrared absorbing pigment (IR pigment), both absorbing the IR radiation and converting it into heat.
[010] An advantage of using IR dyes is that the absorption spectrum of an IR dye tends to be narrower than that of an IR pigment. This allows the production of multicoloured articles and security documents from precursors having a plurality of laser markable layers containing different IR dyes and colour foming compounds. The IR dyes having a different maximum absorption wavelength can then be adressed by IR lasers with corresponding emission wavelengths causing colour formation only in the laser markable layer of the adressed IR dye. Such multicolour articles have been disclosed in for example US 4720449, EP-A 2719540 and EP-A 2719541.
[011] Laser marking may also be used to write personalized information onto various articles, such as mobile phones, cars, etc. Here, the major advantage of laser marking compared to for example printing techniques such as inkjet printing, flexographic printing or screen printing is the fact that the information is written " inside" the article instead of " on top" of the article.
[012] A disadvantage of laser markable materials disclosed in for example EP-A 2719541 is the fact that the laser markable layers are prepared from non-aqueous coating solutions making their production more cumbersome regarding health and safety regulations.
[013] Another problem of laser markable materials comprising a colour forming compound and a colour developer is often their poor daylight stability. When such articles are exposed to daylight for a long time, a background stain becomes more and more pronounced.
Summary of the Invention
[014] It is an object of the invention to provide a laser markable article having a simplified and more environmently friendly preparation method while maintaining or even improving their physical properties and daylight stability.
[015] This object has been realized with the colour laser markable composition according to claim 1.
[016] Further advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Detailed description of the invention
Definitions
[017] The terms polymeric support and foil, as used herein, mean a self-supporting
polymer-based sheet, which may be associated with one or more adhesion layers, e.g. subbing layers. Supports and foils are usually manufactured through extrusion.
[018] The term layer as used herein, is considered not to be self-supporting and is
manufactured by coating or spraying it on a (polymeric) support or foil.
[019] The term leuco dye as used herein refers to compounds which can change from essentially colourless or pale-coloured to coloured when irradiated with UV light, IR light and/or heated.
[020] PET is an abbreviation for polyethylene terephthalate.
[021] PETG is an abbreviation for polyethylene terephthalate glycol, the glycol indicating glycol modifiers which are incorporated to minimize brittleness and premature aging that occur if unmodified amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (APET) would be used in the production of cards.
[022] PET-C is an abbreviation for crystalline PET, i.e. a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate. Such a polyethylene terephthalate support has excellent properties of dimensional stability.
[023] The definitions of security features correspond with the normal definition as adhered to in the Glossary of Security Documents - Security features and other related technical terms as published by the Consilium of the Council of the European Union on August 25, 2008 (Version: v.10329.02.b.en) on its website:
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/prado/EN/glossaryPopup.html.
[024] The term security document precursor as used herein refers to the fact that one or more security features still have to be applied to the precursor, for example laser marking, in order to obtain the final security document.
[025] The term alkyl means all variants possible for each number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group i.e. methyl, ethyl, for three carbon atoms: n-propyl and isopropyl; for four carbon atoms: n-butyl, isobutyl and tertiary-butyl; for five carbon atoms: n-pentyl, 1 ,1-dimethyl-propyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl and 2-methyl-butyl etc.
[026] The term alkoxy means all variants possible for each number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group i.e. methoxy, ethoxy, for three carbon atoms: n-propoxy and isopropoxy; for four carbon atoms: n-butoxy, isobutoxy and tertiary-butoxy etc.
[027] The term aryloxy means Ar-O- wherein Ar is an optionally substituted aryl group.
[028] Unless otherwise specified a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group is preferably a Ci to C6-alkyl group.
[029] Unless otherwise specified a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group is preferably a C2 to C6-alkenyl group.
[030] Unless otherwise specified a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group is preferably a C2 to C6-alkynyl group.
[031] Unless otherwise specified a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group including one, two, three or more Ci to C6-alkyl groups.
[032] Unless otherwise specified a substituted or unsubstituted alkaryl group is preferably a Ci to C6-alkyl group including an aryl group, preferably a phenyl group or naphthyl group.
[033] Unless otherwise specified a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or naphthyl group.
[034] A cyclic group includes at least one ring structure and may be a monocyclic- or polycyclic group, meaning one or more rings fused together.
[035] A heterocyclic group is a cyclic group that has atoms of at least two different
elements as members of its ring(s).The counterparts of heterocyclic groups are homocyclic groups, the ring structures of which are made of carbon only. Unless otherwise specified a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group is preferably a five- or six-membered ring substituted by one, two, three or four heteroatoms, preferably selected from oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, sulfur atoms, selenium atoms or combinations thereof.
[036] An alicyclic group is a non-aromatic homocyclic group wherein the ring atoms
consist of carbon atoms.
[037] The term heteroaryl group means a monocyclic- or polycyclic aromatic ring comprising carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms in the ring structure, preferably, 1 to 4 heteroatoms, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, selenium and sulfur. Preferred examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, (1 ,2,3,)- and (1 ,2,4)-triazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, and oxazolyl. A heteroaryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or more suitable substituents. Preferably, a heteroaryl group is a monocyclic ring, wherein the ring comprises 1 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms.
[038] The term substituted, in e.g. substituted alkyi group means that the alkyi group may be substituted by other atoms than the atoms normally present in such a group, i.e. carbon and hydrogen. For example, a substituted alkyi group may include a halogen atom or a thiol group. An unsubstituted alkyi group contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
[039] Unless otherwise specified a substituted alkyi group, a substituted alkenyl group, a substituted alkynyl group, a substituted aralkyi group, a substituted alkaryl group, a substituted aryl, a substituted heteroaryl and a substituted heterocyclic group are preferably substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1-isobutyl, 2-isobutyl and tertiary-butyl, ester, amide, ether, thioether, ketone, aldehyde, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonate ester, sulfonamide, -CI, -Br, -I, -OH, -SH, -CN and -N02.
Laser Markable Composition
[040] The laser markable composition according to the present invention comprises
(a) an aqueous medium;
(b) capsules composed of a polymeric shell surrounding a core;
(c) a colour developing agent; and
(d) an optothermal converting agent;
characterized in that the core of the capsule contains a leuco dye.
[041] An aqueous composition within the meaning of the invention is a composition of which the liquid phase contains preferably at least 50 wt%, more preferably at least 75 wt%, most preferably at least 90 wt% of water.
Optothermal converting agent
[042] An optothermal converting agent generates heat upon absorption of radiation. The optothermal converting agent preferably generates heat upon absorption of infrared radiation.
[043] The optothermal converting agent is preferably an infrared absorbing dye, an
infrared absorbing pigment, or a combination thereof.
Infrared absorbing dyes
[044] Suitable examples of infrared absorbing dyes (IR dyes) include, but are not limited to, polymethyl indoliums, metal complex IR dyes, indocyanine green, polymethine dyes, croconium dyes, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, squarylium dyes, chalcogeno-pyryloarylidene dyes, metal thiolate complex dyes,
bis(chalcogenopyrylo)-polymethine dyes, oxyindolizine dyes,
bis(aminoaryl)polymethine dyes, indolizine dyes, pyrylium dyes, quinoid dyes, quinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, naphthalo-cyanine dyes, azo dyes, (metalized) azomethine dyes and combinations thereof.
[045] Preferred infrared absorbing dyes are polymethine dyes due to their low absorption in the visible region and their selectivity, i.e. narrow absorption peak in the infrared region. Particular preferred polymethine infrared dyes are cyanine infrared dyes.
[046] Preferred infrared absorbing dyes having an absorption maximum of more than
1100 nm are those disclosed in EP-A 2722367, paragraphs [0044] to [0083] and the unpublished EP-A 14166498.7 (filed on 30-04-2014).
[047] Infrared absorbing dyes having an absorption maximum between 1000 nm and 1100 nm are preferably selected from the group consisting of quinoline dyes, indolenine dyes, especially a benzo[cd]indoline dye. A particularly preferred infrared dye is 5-[2,5-bis[2-[1-(1-methylbutyl)-benz[cd]indol-2(1 H)-ylidene]ethylidene]- cyclopentylidene]-1-butyl-3-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)- 2,4,6(1 H,3H,5H)- pyrimidinetrione (CASRN 223717-84-8) represented by the Formula IR-1 :
IR-1
[048] The infrared absorbing dyes IR-1 has an absorption maximum λ max of 1052 nm making it very suitable for a Nd-YAG laser having an emission wavelength of 1064 nm.
[049] Infrared absorbing dyes having an absorption maximum between 830 nm and 1000 nm are preferably selected from the group consisting of quinoline dyes, indolenine dyes, especially benzo[e]indolenine dyes, and benzo[f]indolenine dyes.
[050] An advantage of using infrared absorbing dyes is that the absorption spectrum of an infrared absorbing dye tends to be narrower than that of an Infrared absorbing pigment. This allows the production of multicoloured articles and security documents from precursors having a plurality of laser markable layers containing different IR dyes and colour foming compounds. The IR dyes having a different maximum absorption wavelength can then be adressed by IR lasers with corresponding emission wavelengths causing colour formation only in the laser markable layer of the adressed IR dye. Such multicolour articles have been disclosed in for example US 4720449, EP-A 2719540 and EP-A 2719541.
[051] The amount of the IR dyes is preferably between 0.005 and 1.000 g/m2, more
preferably between 0.010 and 0.500 g/m2, most preferably between 0.015 and 0.050 g/m2. Enough IR dye has to be present to ensure sufficient colour density formation upon exposure to IR radiation. However, using too much IR dye may result in unwanted background colouration of the laser markable materials.
[052] Water soluble infrared dyes can be added as such to the aqueous composition.
However, preferred infrared dyes are often not, or slightly, soluble in aqueous media. Such infrared dyes are preferably added to the laser markable composition as an aqueous dispersion or emulsion.
Infrared absorbing pigments
[053] Suitable examples of infrared absorbing pigments include but are not limited to
carbon black such as acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, sulfates and phosphates of metals such as copper, bismuth, iron, nickel, tin, zinc, manganese, zirconium, tungsten, lanthanum, and antimony including lanthane hexaboride, indium tin oxide (ITO) and antimony tin oxide, titanium black and black iron oxide.
[054] The infrared dye classes disclosed above may also be used as infrared absorbing pigments, for example cyanine pigment, merocyanine pigment, etc.
[055] A preferred infrared absorbing pigment is carbon black.
[056] The particle size of the pigment is preferably from 0.01 to 5 μιτι, more preferably from 0.05 to 1 pm.
[057] The amount of the infrared absorbing pigment is between 10 and 1000 ppm,
preferably between 25 and 750 ppm, more preferably between 50 and 500 ppm, most preferably between 100 and 250 ppm, all relative to the total dry weight of the laser markable layer. An amount of infrared absorbing pigment above 1000 ppm results in a too high background density of the laser markable article.
[058] Aqueous dispersions of carbon black are preferably used in the present invention.
Examples of such aqueous carbon black dispersions are CAB-O-JET® 200 and 300 from CABOT.
Capsules
[059] The capsules have preferably an average particle size of not more than 5 pm, more preferably of not more than 2 μητι, most preferably of not more than 1 pm as determined by dynamic laser diffraction. Capsules having an average particle size smaller than 1 pm are typically called nanocapsules while capsules having an average particle size above 1 pm are typically called microcapsules.
[060] Upon exposure, a rupture of the capsule, for example by heat produced by an
optothermal converting agent upon absorption of IR radiation, results in a reaction between the leuco dye and a colour developing agent which then triggers colour formation.
[061] The morphology of capsules and their preparation methods have been reviewed, for example, by Jyothi Sri.S in the International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences (Vol.3, Issue 1 , Jan-Mar 2012).
[062] The capsules may have different morphologies, dependent on the preparation
method of the capsules. For example mononuclear capsules have a shell around a core while polynuclear capsules have multiple cores enclosed within the shell.
Matrix encapsulation refers to a core material which is homogeneously distributed into the shell.
[063] Hydrophilic polymers, surfactants and/or polymeric dispersants may be used to obtain stable dispersions of the capsules in an aqueous medium and to control the particle size and the particle size distribution of the capsules.
[064] In a preferred embodiment, the capsules are dispersed in the aqueous medium
using a dispersing group covalently bonded to the polymeric shell. The dispersing group is preferably selected from a group consisting of a carboxylic acid or salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or salt thereof, a phosphoric acid ester or salt thereof, a
phosphonic acid or salt thereof, an ammonium group, a sulfonium group, a phosphonium group and a polyethylene oxide group.
[065] The dispersing groups stabilize the aqueous dispersion by electrostatic stabilization.
For example, a slightly alkaline aqueous medium will turn the carboxylic acid groups covalently bonded to the polymeric shell into ionic groups, whereafter the negatively charged capsules have no tendency to agglomerate. If sufficient dispersing groups are covalently bonded to the polymeric shell, the capsule becomes a so-called self- dispersing capsule. Other dispersing groups such as sulfonic acid groups tend to be dissociated even in acid aqueous medium and thus do not require the addition of an alkali.
[066] The dispersing group can be used in combination with a polymeric dispersant in order to accomplish steric stabilization. For example, the polymeric shell may have covalently bonded carboxylic acid groups that interact with amine groups of a polymeric dispersant. However, in a more preferred embodiment, no polymeric dispersant is used and dispersion stability is accomplished solely by electrostatic stabilization.
[067] The capsules may also be stabilized by solid particles which adsorb onto the shell.
Preferred solid particles are colloidal silica.
[068] There is no real limitation on the type of polymer used for the polymeric shell of the capsule. Preferably, the polymer used in the polymeric shell is crosslinked. By crosslinking, more rigidity is built into the capsules allowing a broader range of temperatures and pressures for handling the colour laser markable article.
[069] Preferred examples of the polymeric shell material include polyureas, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, melamine based polymers and mixtures thereof, with polyureas and polyurethanes being especially preferred.
[070] Capsules can be prepared using both chemical and physical methods. Suitable encapsulation methodologies include complex coacervation, liposome formation, spray drying and polymerization methods.
[071] In the present invention, preferably a polymerization method is used as it allows the highest control in designing the capsules. More preferably interfacial polymerization is used to prepare the capsules used in the invention. This technique is well-known and has recently been reviewed by Zhang Y. and Rochefort D. (Journal of
Microencapsulation, 29(7), 636-649 (2012) and by Salitin (in Encapsulation
Nanotechnologies, Vikas Mittal (ed.), chapter 5, 137-173 (Scrivener Publishing LLC (2013)).
[072] Interfacial polymerization is a particularly preferred technology for the preparation of capsules according to the present invention. In interfacial polymerization, such as interfacial polycondensation, two reactants meet at the interface of the emulsion droplets and react rapidly.
[073] In general, interfacial polymerization requires the dispersion of an oleophilic phase in an aqueous continuous phase or vice versa. Each of the phases contains at least one dissolved monomer (a first shell component) that is capable of reacting with another monomer (a second shell component) dissolved in the other phase. Upon polymerisation, a polymer is formed that is insoluble in both the aqueous and the oleophilic phase. As a result, the formed polymer has a tendency to precipitate at the interface of the oleophilic and aqueous phase, hereby forming a shell around the dispersed phase, which grows upon further polymerization. The capsules according to the present invention are preferably prepared from an oleophilic dispersion in an aqueous continuous phase.
[074] Typical polymeric shells, formed by interfacial polymerization are selected from the group consisting of polyamides, typically prepared from di- or oligoamines as first shell component and di- or poly-acid chlorides as second shell component;
polyurea, typically prepared from di- or oligoamines as first shell component and di- or oligoisocyanates as second shell component; polyurethanes, typically prepared from di- or oligoalcohols as first shell component and di- or oligoisocyanates as second shell component; polysulfonamides, typically prepared from di- or oligoamines as first shell component and di- or oligosulfochlorides as second shell component; polyesters, typically prepared from di- or oligoalcohols as first shell component and di- or oligo-acid chlorides as second shell component; and polycarbonates, typically prepared from di- or oligoalcohols as first shell component and di- or oligo-chloroformates as second shell component. The shell can be composed of combinations of these polymers.
[075] In a further embodiment, polymers, such as gelatine, chitosan, albumin and
polyethylene imine can be used as first shell components in combination with a di- or oligo-isocyanate, a di- or oligo acid chloride, a di- or oligo-chloroformate and an epoxy resin as second shell component.
[076] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the shell is composed of a polyurethane, a polyurea or a combination thereof.
[077] In a further preferred embodiment, a water immiscible solvent is used in the
dispersion step, which is removed by solvent stripping before or after the shell formation. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the water immiscible solvent has
a boiling point below 100°C at normal pressure. Esters are particularly preferred as water immiscible solvent. A preferred organic solvent is ethyl acetate, because it also has a low flammability hazard compared to other organic solvents.
[078] A water immiscible solvent is an organic solvent having low miscibility in water. Low miscibility is defined as any water solvent combination forming a two phase system at 20°C when mixed in a one over one volume ratio.
[079] The method for preparing a dispersion of capsules preferably includes the following steps:
a) preparing a non-aqueous solution of a first shell component for forming a polymeric shell, a leuco dye, and optionally a water immiscible organic solvent having a lower boiling point than water;
b) preparing an aqueous solution of a second shell component for forming the polymeric shell;
c) dispersing the non-aqueous solution under high shear in the aqueous solution; d) optionally stripping the water immiscible organic solvent from the mixture of the aqueous solution and the non-aqueous solution; and
e) preparing the polymeric shell around the leuco dye by interracial polymerization of the first and second shell components for forming the polymeric shell.
[080] The optothermal converting agent may be added together with the leuco dye in step (a) to the non-aqueous solution resulting in capsules wherein both the leuco dye and the optothermal converting agent are located in the core of the capsule.
Colour Developing agent
[081] Upon absorption of infrared radiation, the optothermal converting agent converts that radiation into heat. The heat then disrupts the capsules whereupon the leuco dye comes into reactive contact with a colour developing agent which then triggers the colour formation.
[082] Various electron accepting substances may be used as colour developing agent in the present invention. Examples thereof include phenolic compounds, organic or inorganic acidic compounds and esters or salts thereof.
[083] Specific examples include bisphenol A; tetrabromobisphenol A; gallic acid; salicylic acid; 3-isopropyl salicylate; 3-cyclohexyl salicylate; 3-5-di-tert-butyl salicylate; 3,5-di- α -methyl benzyl salicylate; 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol; 1 ,Γ-isopropylidene bis(2- chlorophenol); 4,4'-isopropylene bis(2,6-dibromo-phenol); 4,4'-isopropylidene bis(2,6-dichlorophenol); 4,4'-isopropylidene bis(2-methyl phenol); 4,4'- isopropylidene bis(2,6-dimethyl phenol); 4,4'-isopropylidene bis(2-tert-butyl phenol);
4,4'-sec-butylidene diphenol; 4,4'-cyclohexylidene bisphenol; 4,4'-cyclohexylidene bis(2-methyl phenol); 4-tert-butyl phenol; 4-phenyl phenol; 4-hydroxy diphenoxide; a -naphthol; β -naphthol; 3,5-xylenol; thymol; methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; 4- hydroxy-acetophenone; novolak phenol resins; 2,2'-thio bis(4,6-dichloro phenol); catechol; resorcin; hydroquinone; pyrogallol; fluoroglycine; fluoroglycine carboxylate; 4-tert-octyl catechol; 2,2 '-methylene bis(4-chlorophenol); 2,2'-methylene bis(4- methyl-6-tert-butyl phenol); 2, 2'-dihydroxy diphenyl; ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate; propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; butyl p-hydroxy-benzoate; benzyl p-hydroxybenzoate;
p-hyd roxybenzoate-p-ch lorobenzy I ; p-hydroxybenzoate-o-ch lorobenzyl ;
p-hydroxybenzoate-p-methylbenzyl; p-hydroxybenzoate-n-octyl; benzoic acid; zinc salicylate; 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid; 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid; 2-hydroxy-6-zinc naphthoate; 4-hydroxy diphenyl sulphone; 4-hydroxy-4'-chloro diphenyl sulfone; bis(4-hydroxy phenyl)sulphide; 2-hydroxy-p-toluic acid; 3,5-di-tert-zinc butyl salicylate; 3,5-di-tert-tin butyl salicylate; tartaric acid; oxalic acid; maleic acid; citric acid; succinic acid; stearic acid; 4-hydroxyphthalic acid; boric acid; thiourea derivatives; 4-hydroxy thiophenol derivatives; bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate; bis(4- hydroxyphenyl)ethyl acetate; bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate-n-propyl; bis(4-hydroxy- phenyl)acetate-n-butyl; bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenyl acetate; bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)- benzyl acetate; bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenethyl acetate; bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy- phenyl)acetate; bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)methyl acetate; bis(3-methyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)acetate-n-propyl; 1 ,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenylthio)3,5-dioxaheptane; 1 ,5-bis(4-hydroxy-phenylthio)3-oxaheptane; 4-hydroxy phthalate dimethyl;
4-hydroxy-4'-methoxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-ethoxy diphenyl sulfone;
4-hydroxy-4'-isopropoxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-propoxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-butoxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-isopropoxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-sec-butoxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-tert-butoxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-benzyloxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-phenoxy diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-(m-methyl benzoxy)diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-(p-methyl benzoxy)diphenyl sulfone; 4-hydroxy-4'-(o-methyl benzoxy)diphenyl sulfone;
4-hydroxy-4'-(p-chloro benzoxy)diphenyl sulfone and 4-hydroxy-4'-oxyaryl diphenyl sulfone.
[084] A preferred colour developing agent is a metal salt of salicylate, for example zinc salicylate. A particularly preferred colour developing agent is zinc 3,5-bis(a - methylbenzyl) salicylate.
[085] The colour developing agent may be present in the continuous phase of the laser markable composition or it may be present in the core of a capsule. However, when
the colour developing agent is not, or slightly, soluble in aqueous media, it is preferred to add such a colour developing agent as an aqueous dispersion or emulsion.
Colour developing agent precursor
[086] Also a so-called colour developing agent precursor may be used. Such a precursor forms a colour developing agent upon exposure to heat. Using a colour developing agent precursor instead of a colour developer may result in a better UV and heat stability of the laser markable compositon.
[087] The colour developing agent precursor may be present in the continuous phase of the laser markable composition or it may be present in the core of a capsule.
However, when the colour developing agent is not, or slightly, soluble in aqueous media, it is preferred to add such a colour developing agent as an aqueous dispersion or emulsion.
[088] All publicly-known thermal acid generators can be used as colour developing agent precursor. Thermal acid generators are for example widely used in conventional photoresist material. For more information see for example " Encyclopaedia of polymer science" , 4th edition, Wiley or " Industrial Photoinitiators, A Technical Guide" , CRC Press 2010.
[089] Preferred classes of photo- and thermal acid generators are iodonium salts,
sulfonium salts, ferrocenium salts, sulfonyl oximes, halomethyl triazines, haiomethylarylsulfone, a-haloacetophenones, sulfonate esters, t-butyl esters, allyl substituted phenols, t-butyl carbonates, sulfate esters, phosphate esters and phosphonate esters.
[090] Preferred colour developing agent precursors are the thermal acid generating
compounds have a structure according to Formula (I) or Formula (II):
R4
Formula I Formula II wherein
R1 and R3 independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted (hetero)cyclic alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkanyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, an optionally substituted alkynyl group, an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl
group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted (hetero)cyclic alkoxy group, or an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl group.
R2, R4 and R5 independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted aliphatic (hetero)cyclic alkyl group or an optionally substituted aralkyl group;
R1 and R2, R4 and R5, R3 and R4, and R3 and R5 may represent the necessary atoms to form a ring.
[091 ] Suitable alkyl groups include 1 or more carbon atoms such as for example Ci to C22- alkyl groups, more preferably Ci to Ci2-alkyl groups and most preferably Ci to Ce- alkyl groups. The alkyl group may be lineair or branched such as for example methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl), pentyl, 1 ,1 -dimethyl-propyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl and 2-methyl-butyl, or hexyl.
[092] Suitable cyclic alkyl groups include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or adamantyl.
[093] Suitable heterocyclic alkyl groups include tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, silolanyl, or thianyl oxanyl.
[094] Suitable aryl groups include for example phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, tolyl, ortho- meta- or para-xylyl, anthracenyl or phenanthrenyl.
[095] Suitable heteroaryl groups include monocyclic- or polycyclic aromatic rings
comprising carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms in the ring structure.
Preferably 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, selenium and sulphur and/or combinations thereof. Examples include pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazoyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, (1 ,2,3,)- and (1 ,2,4)-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl and carbazoyl.
[096] Suitable alkoxy groups include those containing from 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 8
carbon atoms, such as ethoxide, propoxide, isopropoxide, butoxide, isobutoxide and tert-butoxide.
[097] Suitable aryloxy groups include phenoxy and naphthoxy.
[098] The alkyl, (hetero)cyclic alkyl, aralkyl, (hetero)aryl, alkoxy, (hetero)cyclic alkoxy, or (hetero)aryloxy groups may include one or more substituents. The optional substituents are preferably selected from an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1 -isobutyl, 2-isobutyl and tertiary-butyl group; an ester, amide, ether, thioether, ketone, aldehyde, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonate ester or sulfonamide group, a halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, -OH, - SH, -CN and -NO2, and/or combinations thereof.
[099] R1 preferably represents a Ci to C22-alkyl group, an aliphatic alkoxide group containing 2 to 8 carbons, a phenyl group or a tolyl group. R1 most preferably represents a tolyl group.
[0100] R2 preferably represents a Ci to C22-alkyl group or a (hetero)cyclic alkyl group. R2 most preferably represents a cyclohexyl group.
[0101] R3 preferably represents a Ci to C22-alkyl group, an aliphatic alkoxide group
containing 2 to 8 carbons or a benzyl group.
[0102] In a preferred embodiment, R4 and R5 independently represent a Ci to C22-alkyl group. In a preferred embodiment, R4 and R5 represent independently an isobutyl, t-butyl, isopropyl, 2-ethylhexyl or a linear C2 to Ce-alkyl group.
[0103] The compound used in the present invention can be a monomer, an oligomer (i.e. a structure including a limited amount of monomers such as two, three or four repeating units) or a polymer (i.e. a structure including more than four repeating units).
[0104] The compound used in the present invention contains at least one moiety according to Formula I and/or Formula II, preferably 1 to 150 moieties according to Formula I and/or Formula II. According to a preferred embodiment, the compound according to Formula I or Formula II may be present in a side chain of a polymer
[0105] In the embodiment wherein the compound according to Formula I or Formula II is present in the side chain of a polymer, the following moiety (Formula III, IV or V) is preferably attached to the polymer:
Formula III Formula IV Formula V wherein
* denotes the linking to the polymer and
R1 , R2, R4 and R5 as described above.
In the embodiment wherein the compound according to Formula I is present in the side chain of a polymer, the polymer is more preferably obtained from the coupling of a polymer or copolymer bearing side chains with alcohol groups and a sulfonyl chloride.
[0107] In the embodiment wherein the compound according to Formula I is present in the side chain of a polymer, the polymer is most preferably obtained from the coupling of a polymer or copolymer bearing side chains with alcohol groups and tosyl chloride. Useful polymers bearing side chains with alcohol include for example polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, cellulose derivatives, homo- and copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, polysiloxane derivatives such as copolymers of hydroxyalkyl-methylsiloxane, and novolac resins.
[0108] Examples of acid generating compounds according to the present invention are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
R
[0109] Other classes of photo- and thermal acid generators are iodonium salts, sulfonium salts, ferrocenium salts, sulfonyl oximes, halomethyl triazines, halomethyl- arylsulfone, a-haloacetophenones, sulfonate esters, t-butyl esters, allyl substituted phenols, t-butyl carbonates, sulfate esters, phosphate esters and phosphonate esters.
[0110] According to preferred embodiment of the invention, the colour developing agent precursor is a polymer particle, which is capable of forming an acid upon exposure to heat.
[011 1] The acid liberated upon exposure to heat within the meaning of the invention
includes Arrhenius acids, Bronsted-Lowry acids, and Lewis acids.
[0112] The polymer particles, which are capable of forming an acid upon exposure to heat may have two functions:
- a colour developing agent precursor, which liberates an acid upon exposure to heat, and
- film forming binder.
[0113] The polymer particles comprise repeating units, which are capable of generating an acid upon exposure to heat. Typically, exposure to heat may cause a fragmentation reaction resulting in an acid formation. The resulting acid may be a low molecular weight molecule formed by the fragmentation reaction or the acid may reside on the polymer particle after a fragmentation reaction. Table 2 depicts (part of) polymeric acid precursors, more specific the repeating unit that is able to generate an acid upon thermal treatment.
Table 2
R represents an alkyl group, preferably a tertiar butyl group
R represents an alkyl group, preferably a tertiar but l group
wherein R represents an alkyl group, preferably a tertiary butyl group
[0114] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymeric particles are capable of releasing a low molecular weight acid.
[0115] A particularly preferred polymer particle is a polyvinylidenechloride (PVDC) polymer particle. Upon exposure to heat, such a polymer particle is capable of releasing
HCI.
[0116] The polyvinylidenechloride (PVDC) particle is preferably a vinylidene chloride
copolymer comprising 90 wt% or less of vinylidene chloride based on the total weight of the binder.
[0117] When the amount of vinylidene chloride is above 90 wt % based on the total weight of the binder, the crystallinity of the binder becomes too high resulting in poor film forming property. Copolymerizaton of vinylidene chloride with further monomers renders the copolymer more amorphous and thus more soluble in the liquid carrier.
[0118] The vinylidene chloride copolymer preferably comprises a further monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, vinylether, vinylacetate, vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid.
[0119] The vinylidene chloride copolymer more preferably comprises a further monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, maleci acid, maleic anhydride and an alkyl acrylate.
[0120] The alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate referred to above is preferably a C1-C10 alkyl acrylate or methacrylate. Particular preferred alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates are methyl and butyl acrylate or methyl and butyl methacrylate.
[0121] Water based vinylidene copolymers may also be used in the present invention.
Examples of such copolymers are Daran® 8730, Daran®8550, Daran®SL112, Daran®SL143, Daran®SL159 or Daran®8100, all commercially available from Owensboro Specialty Polymers; Diofan®193D, Diofan®P520, Diofan®P530 all commercially available from Solvay.
[0122] A PVDC copolymer may be characterized by the so-called dehydrochlorination constant (DHC). The amount of HCI liberated by a specific PVDC copolymer at a specified temperature during a specific time is measured.
[0123] The amount of polymer particle in the laser markable composition is preferably
between 5 and 75 wt %, more preferably between 7.5 and 50 wt %, most preferably between 10 and 40 wt %, relative to the total weight of the laser markable composition. After applying and drying the composition on a support, the amount of polymer particles is preferably between 50 and 95 wt%, more preferably between 65
and 90 wt %, most preferably between 75 and 85 wt %, relative to the total dry weight of the laser markable composition.
Leuco Dyes
[0124] All publicly-known leuco dyes can be used and are not restricted. They are for
example widely used in conventional pressure-sensitive, photosensitive or thermally-sensitive recording materials. For more information about leuco dyes, see for example Chemistry and Applications of Leuco Dyes, Ramaiah Muthyala, Plenum Press, 1997.
[0125] A number of classes of leuco dyes may be used as colour forming compounds in the present invention, such as for example: spiropyran leuco dyes such as
spirobenzopyrans (e.g. spiroindolinobenzopyrans, spirobenzo-pyranobenzopyrans, 2,2-dialkylchromenes), spironaphtooxazine and spirothiopyran; leuco quinone dyes; azines such as oxazines, diazines, thiazines and phenazine; phthalide- and phthalimidine-type leuco dyes such as triarylmethane phtalides (e.g. crystal violet lactone), diarylmethane phthalides, monoarylmethane phthalides, heterocyclic substituted phthalides, alkenyl substituted phthalides, bridged phthalides (e.g.
spirofluorene phthalides and spirobenzanthracene phthalides) and bisphthalides; fluoran leuco dyes such as fluoresceins, rhodamines and rhodols; triarylmethanes such as leuco crystal violet; ketazines; barbituric acid leuco dyes and thiobarbituric acid leuco dyes.
[0126] The capsules may comprise more than one leuco dye, typically to obtain a specific desired colour.
[0127] The leuco dye is preferably present in the laser markable layer in an amount of 0.05 to 5.00 g/m2, more preferably in an amount of 0.10 to 3.00 g/m2, most preferably in an amount of 0.20 to 1.00 g/m2.
[0128] The following reaction mechanisms and leuco dyes are suitable to form a coloured dye.
1. Protonation of a leuco dye after fragmentation of an acid generator
[0129] The reaction mechanism can be represented by:
Leuco dye + acid generator→ Leuco dye + acid Coloured Dye
[0130] Preferred leuco dyes are phthalide- and phthalimidine-type leuco dyes such as
triarylmethane phthalides, diarylmethane phthalides, monoarylmethane phthalides,
heterocyclic substituted phthalides, alkenyl substituted phthalides, bridged phthalides (e.g. spirofluorene phthalides and spirobenzanthracene phthalides) and bisphthalides; and fluoran leuco dyes such as fluoresceins, rhodamines and rhodols.
[0131] In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, a combination is used of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CASRN 50292-95-0, CASRN 89331-94-2, CASRN 1552-42-7 (crystal violet lactone), CASRN 148716-90- 9, CASRN 630-88-6, CASRN 36889-76-7 or CASRN 132467-74-4 as the Leuco Dye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CASRN 58109-40- 3, CASRN 300374-81-6, CASRN 1224635-68-0, CASRN 949-42-8, CASRN 69432- 40-2, CASRN 3584-23-4, CASRN 74227-35-3, CASRN 953-91-3 or CASRN6542- 67-2 as acid generator.
2. Oxidation of a triarylmethane leuco dye
[0132] The reaction mechanism can be represented by:
wherein R1 , R2 and R3 each independently represent an amino group, an optionally substituted mono- or dialkylamino group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group. R1 and R3 also each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group. A preferred leuco dye for the present invention is leuco crystal violet (CASRN 603-48-5).
3. Oxidation of a deuco quinone dye
[0133] The reaction mechanism can be represented by
wherein X represents an oxygen atom or an optionally substituted amino or methine group.
4. Fragmentation of a leuco dye
[0134] The reaction mechanism can be represented by:
Leuco Dye-FG→ Dye
wherein FG represents a fragmenting group.
[0135] Preferred leuco dyes are oxazines, diazines, thiazines and phenazine. A particularly preferred leuco dye (CASRN 104434-37-9) is shown in EP 174054 (POLAROID) which discloses a thermal imaging method for forming colour images by the irreversible unimolecular fragmentation of one or more thermally unstable carbamate moieties of an organic compound to give a visually discernible colour shift from colourless to coloured.
[0136] The fragmentation of a leuco dye may be catalyzed or amplified by acids, photo acid generators, and thermal acid generators.
5. Ring opening of spiropyran leuco dyes
[0137] The reaction mechanism can be represented by:
wherein Xi represents an oxygen atom, an amino group, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom and X2 represents an optionally substituted methine group or a nitrogen atom.
[0138] The preferred spiropyran leuco dyes for the present invention are spiro-benzopyrans such as spiroindolinobenzopyrans, spirobenzopyranobenzopyrans, 2,2- dialkylchromenes; spironaphtooxazines and spirothiopyrans. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the spiropyran leuco dyes are CASRN 160451-52-5 or CASRN 393803-36-6. The ring opening of a spiropyran leuco dye may be catalyzed or amplified by acids, photo acid generators, and thermal acid generators.
[0139] In a preferred embodiment of a laser markable layer for producing a cyan colour, the cyan colour forming compound has a structure according to Formulae CCFC1 , CCFC2 or
CCFC1
In a preferred embodiment of a laser markable layer for producing a magenta colour, the magenta colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula MCFC2:
MCFC2
[0141] In a preferred embodiment of a laser markable layer for producing a red colour, the red colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula RCFC:
RCFC
[0142] In a preferred embodiment of a laser markable layer for producing a yellow colour, the yellow colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula YCFC:
YCFC
wherein R, R' are independently selected from a group consisting of a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, an aryl and aralkyl group.
In one embodiment, the yellow colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula YCFC, wherein R and R' independently represent a linear alkyl group,
branched alkyl group, an aryl or an aralkyl group substituted by at least one functional group containing an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom.
[0144] A particularly preferred yellow colour forming compound is the compound according to Formula YCFC wherein both R and R' are methyl.
[0145] In a most preferred embodiment of a laser markable layer for producing a yellow colour, the yellow colour forming compound has a structure according to Formulae
YCFC1 or Y
YCFC2
In a preferred embodiment of a laser markable layer for producing a black colour, the black colour forming compound has a structure according to Formula BCFC
Polymeric Binder
[0147] The laser markable composition may include a polymeric binder. In principle any suitable polymeric binder that does not prevent the colour formation in a laser markable layer may be used. The polymeric binder may be a polymer, a copolymer or a combination thereof.
[0148] The laser markable layer preferably includes a water soluble or dispersible binder.
[0149] Examples of water soluble or dispersible binder are homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl alcohol, (meth)acrylamide, methylol (meth)acrylamide, (meth)acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, maleic anhydride/vinylmethylether copolymers,
copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid or vinylalcohol with styrene sulphonic acid, vinyl alcohol/vinylacetate copolymers, carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose sulfate, polyethylene oxides, gelatin, cationic starch, casein, sodium polyacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer sodium salt, sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
[0150] Preferred vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymers are disclosed in EP-A 2103736, paragraph [79]- [82].
[0151] Other preferred water soluble or dispersible binders are the copolymers comprising alkylene and vinyl alcohol units disclosed in EP-A 2457737 paragraph [0013] to
[0023] such as the Exceval™ type polymers from Kuraray.
[0152] The polymeric binder is preferably present in the colour forming layer in an amount of 1 to 30 g/m2, more preferably in an amount of 2 to 20 g/m2, most preferably in an amount of 3 to 10 g/m2.
Acid Scavenger
[0153] The laser markable layer or another layer of the laser markable article may contain one or more acid scavengers.
[0154] Acid scavengers include organic or inorganic bases. Examples of the inorganic bases include hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals; secondary or tertiary phosphates, borates, carbonates; quinolinates and metaborates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals; a combination of zinc hydroxide or zinc oxide and a chelating agent (e.g., sodium picolinate); hydrotalcite such as Hycite 713 from Clariant; ammonium hydroxide; hydroxides of quaternary alkylammoniums; and hydroxides of other metals. Examples of the organic bases include aliphatic amines (e.g., trialkylamines, hydroxylamines and aliphatic polyamines); aromatic amines (e.g., N-alkyl-substituted aromatic amines, N-hydroxylalkyl-substituted aromatic amines and bis[p-(dialkylamino)phenyl]-methanes), heterocyclic amines, amidines, cyclic amidines, guanidines and cyclic guanidines.
[0155] Other preferred acid scavengers are HALS compounds. Example of suitable HALS include Tinuvin™ 292, Tinuvin™ 123, Tinuvin™ 1 198, Tinuvin™ 1198 L, Tinuvin™ 144, Tinuvin™ 152, Tinuvin™ 292, Tinuvin™ 292 HP, Tinuvin™ 5100, Tinuvin™ 622 SF, Tinuvin™ 770 DF, Chimassorb™ 2020 FDL, Chimassorb™ 944 LD from BASF; Hostavin 3051 , Hostavin 3050, Hostavin N 30, Hostavin N321 , Hostavin N 845 PP, Hostavin PR 31 from Clariant.
[0156] Further examples of acid scavengers are salts of weak organic acids such as
carboxylates (e.g. calcium stearate).
[0157] A preferred acid scavenger is an organic base, more preferably an amine. A particular preferred acid scavenger is an organic base having a pKb of less than 7.
UV absorbers
[0158] The laser markable article may also comprise a UV-absorber. The UV-absorber may be present in a laser markable layer or may also be present in another layer, for example an outer layer or an intermediate layer.
[0159] Examples of suitable UV-absorbers include 2-hydroxyphenyl-benzophenones (BP) such as Chimassorb™ 81 and Chimassorb™ 90 from BASF; 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- benzotriazoles (BTZ) such as Tinuvin™ 109, Tinuvin™ 1130, Tinuvin™ 171 , Tinuvin™ 326, Tinuvin™ 328, Tinuvin™ 384-2, Tinuvin™ 99-2, Tinuvin™ 900, Tinuvin™ 928, Tinuvin™ Carboprotect™. Tinuvin™ 360, Tinuvin™ 1130, Tinuvin™ 327, Tinuvin™ 350, Tinuvin™ 234 from BASF, ixxim™ BB/100 from FAIRMOUNT, Chiguard 5530 from Chitec; 2-hydroxy-phenyl-s-triazines (HPT) such as Tinuvin™ 460, Tinuvin™ 400, Tinuvin™ 405, Tinuvin™ 477, Tinuvin™ 479, Tinuvin™ 1577 ED, Tinuvin™ 1600 from BASF, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis-(2,4- dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine (CASRN 1668-53-7) from Capot Chemical Ltd and 4-[4,6- bis(2-methyl-phenoxy)-1 ,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1 ,3-benzenediol (CASRN13413-61-1); titanium dioxide such as Solasorb 00F from from Croda Chemicals; zink oxide such as Solasorb 200F from Croda Chemicals; benzoxazines such as Cyasorb UV-3638 F, CYASORB™ UV-1164 from CYTEC; and oxamides such as Sanduvor VSU from Clariant.
[0160] Preferred UV absorbers have in the wavelength region between 300 and 400 nm a maximum absorption above 330 nm, more preferably above 350 nm.
[0161] Particular preferred UV absorbers are hydroxyphenyl benzotriazoles
and 2-hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines having a maximum absorption above 350 nm in the wavelength region 300 - 400 nm.
Laser markable Article
[0162] The laser markable article according to the present invention is prepared by
applying the laser markable composition according to the present invention on a support thereby forming a laser markable layer onto the support.
[0163] The laser markable composition may be provided onto a support by co-extrusion or any conventional coating technique, such as dip coating, knife coating, extrusion coating, spin coating, spray coating, slide hopper coating and curtain coating.
Preferably the laser markable layer is coated with a slide hopper coater or a curtain coater.
[0164] The laser markable composition may also be provided onto a support by inkjet printing. Using inkjet printing is preferred when only a part or several parts of a support has to be provided with a laser markable layer.
[0165] Applying the laser markable composition according to the present invention on a support results in a colour laser markable article comprising a laser markable layer comprising capsules composed of a polymeric shell surrounding a core, a colour developing agent, and an optothermal converting agent, wherein
the core of the capsule contains a leuco dye.
[0166] The dry thickness of the laser markable layer is preferably between 1 and
50 g/m2, more preferably between 2 and 25 g/m2, and most preferably between 3 and 15 g/m2.
[0167] A laser markable layer according to the present invention may be combined with other laser markable layers.
[0168] Such other laser markable layers may be another laser markable layer according to the present invention, with for example a different infrared absorbing dye and a different leuco dye, and may be used to produce multiple colours by multiple laser exposures, as disclosed in for example EP-A 2719540 and EP-A 2719541.
[0169] Such other laser markable layers may also be any known laser markable layer and may be used to produce another colour in addition to the colour formed in the laser markable layer according to the present invention.
[0170] Such other laser markable layer may also be a layer which may undergo
carbonization upon exposure to infrared radiation and is therefore capable of forming a black colour. Such laser markable layers are well known in the art and are for example disclosed in EP-A 2567825 paragraph [0111] to [0123].
[0171] EP-A 2567825 also discloses a laser markable polymeric support (paragraphs
[0109] - [0110]), which may also be used in combination with the laser markable composition according to the present invention.
[0 72] When multiple laser markable layers are present, it may be advantageous to provide an intermediate layer between the laser markable layers to prevent colour contamination.
[0173] To further improve the daylight and/or weather resistance of the laser markable article, it may be advantageous to provide a top coat on the laser markable layer wherein the top coat may contain one or more UV absorbing compounds or one or more light stabilizing compounds, such as for example HALS compounds. It may
also be advantageous to incorporate water barrier properties into the laser markable article to improve the stability of the laser marked image in high humid conditions.
Support
[0174] The laser markable composition is applied on a support to prepare a colour laser markable article. The composition may be applied on any surface, for example a metallic support, a glass support, a paper support.
[0175] For security documents, a preferred support is a polymeric support, more preferably a transparent polymeric support, most preferably a transparent axially stretched polyester support.
[0176] Suitable transparent polymeric supports include cellulose acetate propionate or cellulose acetate butyrate, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyimides, polyolefins, polyvinylchlorides, polyvinylacetals, polyethers and polysulfonamides.
[0177] In the most preferred embodiment, the transparent polymeric support is a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate foil (PET-C foil) to be very durable and resistant to scratches and chemical substances.
[0178] The support preferably is a single component extrudate, but may also be a co- extrudate. Examples of suitable co-extrudates are PET/PETG and PET/PC.
[0179] Polyester supports and especially polyethylene terephthalate supports are preferred because of their excellent properties of dimensional stability. When polyester is used as the support material, a subbing layer is preferably employed to improve the bonding of layers, foils and/or laminates to the support.
[0180] The manufacturing of PET-C foils and supports is well-known in the art of preparing suitable supports for silver halide photographic films. For example, GB 811066 (ICI) teaches a process to produce biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate foils and supports.
[0181] The polyethylene terephthalate is preferably biaxially stretched with a stretching factor of at least 2.0, more preferably at least 3.0 and most preferably a stretching factor of about 3.5. The temperature used during stretching is preferably about 160°C.
[0182] Methods to obtain opaque polyethylene terephthalate and biaxially oriented films thereof have been disclosed in, e.g. US2008/238086.
Subbing Layers
[0183] The polymeric support may be provided with one or more subbing layers to improve the adhesion between the laser markable layer and the support.
[0184] Useful subbing layers for this purpose are well known in the photographic art and include, for example, polymers of vinylidene chloride such as vinylidene
chloride/acrylonitrile/acrylic acid terpolymers or vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/itaconic acid terpolymers.
[0185] Suitable vinylidene chloride copolymers include: the copolymer of vinylidene
chloride, N-tert.-butylacrylamide, n-butyl acrylate, and N-vinyl pyrrolidone
(e.g.70:23:3:4), the copolymer of vinylidene chloride, N-tert.-butylacrylamide, n-butyl acrylate, and itaconic acid (e.g. 70:21 :5:2), the copolymer of vinylidene chloride, N- tert.-butylacrylamide, and itaconic acid (e.g. 88:10:2), the copolymer of vinylidene chloride, n-butylmaleimide, and itaconic acid (e.g. 90:8:2), the copolymer of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and methacrylic acid (e.g. 65:30:5), the copolymer of vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride, and itaconic acid (e.g. 70:26:4), the copolymer of vinyl chloride, n-butyl acrylate, and itaconic acid (e.g. 66:30:4), the copolymer of vinylidene chloride, n-butyl acrylate, and itaconic acid (e.g. 80:18:2), the copolymer of vinylidene chloride, methyl acrylate, and itaconic acid (e.g.90:8:2), the copolymer of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, N-tert.-butylacrylamide, and itaconic acid (e.g. 50:30:18:2). All the ratios given between brackets in the above-mentioned copolymers are ratios by weight.
[0186] In a preferred embodiment, the transparent oriented polyester support is provided with a subbing layer including a binder based on a polyester-urethane copolymer.
[0187] In a more preferred embodiment, the polyester-urethane copolymer is an ionomer type polyester urethane, preferably using polyester segments based on terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol and hexamethylene diisocyanate.
[0188] A suitable polyester-urethane copolymer is Hydran™ APX101 H from DIC Europe GmbH.
[0189] The application of subbing layers is well-known in the art of manufacturing polyester supports for silver halide photographic films. For example, the preparation of such subbing layers is disclosed in US 3649336 (AGFA) and GB 1441591 (AGFA);
[0190] In a preferred embodiment, the subbing layer has a dry thickness of no more than 0.2 μιτι or preferably no more than 200 mg/m2.
Additional layers
[0191] The laser markable article may in addition to the laser markable layer according to the present invention contain additional layers, such as for example other laser markable layers, subbing layers, an outer layer that is suitable as a receiver layer for dyes applied by thermal dye sublimation or even inkjet printing, or intermediate layers between laser markable layers. An outer layer as used herein means an outermost layer, or foil.
[0192] The laser markable material preferably comprises an intermediate layer between the laser markable layers to prevent colour contamination. Such an intermediate layer may be a polymeric film such as disclosed in EP-A 2719541 but is preferably a coated layer, preferably a layer coated from an aqueous coating solution.
[0193] These intermediate layers preferably contain an acid scavenger as disclosed above to prevent diffusion of an acid from one laser markable layer to another.
[0194] Intermediate layers, or more preferably an outer layer, may contain a UV absorber as disclosed above to improve the daylight stability of the laser markable materials.
[0195] To further improve the daylight and/or weather resistance of the laser markable
article, it may be advantageous to provide a top coat on the laser markable layer wherein the top coat may contain one or more UV absorbing compounds or one or more light stabilizing compounds, such as for example HALS compounds.
[0196] It may also be advantageous to incorporate water barrier properties into the laser markable article to improve the stability of the laser marked image in high humid conditions, for example by incorporating one or more intermediate and/or top layers having such water barrier properties.
Core Supports
[0197] A colour laser markable document precursor or document may be prepared by
applying, preferably laminating, a colour laser markable article as described above on a core support. The core support may be transparent or opaque. The core support is preferably an opaque white core support. The advantage of an opaque white core support is that any information present on the document is more easily readable and that a colour image is more appealing by having a white background.
[0198] Preferred opaque white core supports include resin coated paper supports, such as polyethylene coated paper and polypropylene coated paper, and synthetic paper supports such as Synaps™ synthetic paper of Agfa-Gevaert NV.
[0199] Other examples of useful high-quality polymeric supports for the present invention include opaque white polyesters and extrusion blends of polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene. Also Teslin™ may be used as support.
[0200] Instead of a white support, a white opacifying layer can be coated onto a transparent polymeric support, such as those disclosed above. The opacifying layer preferably contains a white pigment with a refractive index greater than 1.60, preferably greater than 2.00, and most preferably greater than 2.60. The white pigments may be employed singly or in combination. Suitable white pigments include C.I. Pigment White 1 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21 , 24, 25, 27, 28 and 32.
Preferably titanium dioxide is used as pigment with a refractive index greater than 1.60. Titanium oxide occurs in the crystalline forms of anatase type, rutile type and brookite type. In the present invention the rutile type is preferred because it has a very high refractive index, exhibiting a high covering power.
[0201] In a particular preferred colour laser markable document precursor or document, the laser markable article is applied on both sides of a core support.
Laser Marking Methods
[0202] A method of preparing a colour laser marked article according to the present
invention comprises the steps of:
- providing a colour laser markable composition as described above on a support; and
[0203] - colour laser marking the article using an infrared laser.
[0204] The infrared laser may be a continuous wave or a pulsed laser.
[0205] A preferred continuous wave laser is a semiconductor laser because the device is compact and inexpensive. Most semiconductor lasers are laser diodes, which are pumped with an electrical current in a region where n-doped and p-doped
semiconductor material meet. However, there are also optically pumped
semiconductor lasers, where carriers are generated by absorbed pump light.
Optically pumped semiconductor lasers have the advantage of unique wavelength flexibility, different from any other solid-state based laser. The fundamental near-IR output wavelength is determined by the structure of the gain chip (e.g. the semiconductor InGaAs), and can be set anywhere between about 920 nm and about 1150 nm. This allows a perfect match between the laser emission wavelength and the infrared dye absorption maximum.
[0206] A preferred pulsed laser is a solid state Q-switched laser. Q-switching is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam. The technique
allows the production of light pulses with extremely high peak power, much higher than would be produced by the same laser if it were operating in a continuous wave (constant output) mode, Q-switching leads to much lower pulse repetition rates, much higher pulse energies, and much longer pulse durations.
Other Security Features
[0207] The laser markable article is preferably combined with one or more other security features to increase the difficulty for falsifying the document.
[0208] To prevent forgeries of identification documents, different means of securing are used. One solution consists in superimposing lines or guilloches on an identification picture such as a photograph. In that way, if any material is printed subsequently, the guilloches appear in white on added black background. Other solutions consist in adding security elements such as information printed with ink that reacts to ultraviolet radiation, micro-letters concealed in an image or text etc.
[0209] Suitable other security features such as anti-copy patterns, guilloches, endless text, miniprint, microprint, nanoprint, rainbow colouring, 1 D-barcode, 2D-barcode, coloured fibres, fluorescent fibres and planchettes, fluorescent pigments, OVD and DOVID (such as holograms, 2D and 3D holograms, kinegrams™, overprint, relief embossing, perforations, metallic pigments, magnetic material, Metamora colours, microchips, RFID chips, images made with OVI (Optically Variable Ink) such as iridescent and photochromic ink, images made with thermochromic ink,
phosphorescent pigments and dyes, watermarks including duotone and multitone watermarks, ghost images and security threads.
EXAMPLES Materials
[0210] All materials used in the following examples were readily available from standard sources such as ALDRICH CHEMICAL Co. (Belgium) and ACROS (Belgium) unless otherwise specified. The water used was deionized water.
[0211] Takenate D120N is a urethane resin commercially available from Mitsui.
[0212] Mowiol 4 88 is a polyvinyl alcohol commercially available from Hoechst.
[0213] Olfine Ε10Ί0 is a wetting agent commercially available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Company.
Ario is a 15 wt% aqueous solution of Marlon A365, commercially available from Brenntag.
Proxel Ultra 5 is a biocide, commercially available from Avecia.
Ralox 46 is a sterically hindered phenolix antioxidant from Raschig.
Tinuvin 928 is a UV absorber commercially available from BASF.
DISFLAMOLL TKP is a low volatility halogen free phosphate plasticer from Lanxess.
Proxelk is a 5 wt% aqueous solution of 1 ,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one potassium salt
(CASRN 127553-58-6, commercially available from Prom Chem).
MOW is an aqueous solution of 15 wt% Mowiol 4 88 and 2 wt% Proxelk.
CCE is Hydran APX-101 H, a polyester urethane (45 %) from DIC.
Resorcinol is commercially available from Sumitomo Chemicals.
Par is a dimethyltrimethylolamine formaldehyde resin from Cytec industries.
PAR-sol is a 40 wt% aqueous solution of Par.
PEA is TospearlTM 120 from Momentive Performance Materials.
PEA-sol is a 10 wt% (50/50) aqueous/ethanol dispersion of PEA.
DowfaxTM 2A1 from Pilot Chemicals C is a Alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate (4.5%wt).
DOW-sol is a 2.5 wt% solution of DowfaxTM 2A1 in isopropanol.
SurfynolTM 420 from Air Products is a non ionic surfactant.
Surfynsol is a 2.5 wt% solution of SurfynolTM 420 in isopropanol.
CORE is a 500 pm opaque PETG core available as PET-G 500 type 931 1 from
WOLFEN.
LD-01 is MITSUI GN-169, a leuco dye (CASRN148716-90-9) commercially available from Mitsui.
LD-02 is MITSUI GN-2, a leuco dye (CASRN 132467-74-4) commercially available from Mitsui.
LD-03 is WINCON 205, a leuco dye (CASRN 70516-41 -5) commercially available from Connect Chemicals.
LD-04 is Pergascript Black 2C, a leuco dye (CASRN 89331 -94-2) commercially available from BASF.
LD-05 is Pergascript black IR, a leuco dye commercially available from CIBA- GEIGY.
LD-06 is a leuco dye (CASRN21934-68-9) commercially available from Molekula Fine Chemicals.
LD-07 is Wincon Red, a leucodye (CASRN 50292-95-0) commercially available from Connect Chemicals.
Tinuvin 928 is an UV absorber, commercially available from BASF.
[0240] Tetraethylenepentamine (CASRN1 12-57-2) commercially available from Aldrich.
[0241] 4,4'-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol commercially available from TCI Europe.
[0242] Ralox 46 commercially available from Raschig.
[0243] DISFLAMOLL TKP commercially available from Lanxess.
[0244] Ethyl Maleate commercially available from TCI Europe.
[0245] Zinc 3,5-bis(alpha methylbenzyl) salicylate (CASRN53770-52-8), a colour
developing agent commercially available from Sanko Europe.
[0246] Aerosol OT-100 is a surfactant commercially available from CYTEC.
[0247] Cyclohexyl p-toluene sulfonate, a colour developing agent commercially available from TCI, further purified by extraction and recrystallization - meer info nodig?) [0248] CB-01, is Cab-O-Jet 300, a carbon black dispersion from CABOT CORPORATION,
300 times diluted.
[0249] DARAN 8100, is a vinylidene copolymer - methyl acrylate polymer dispersion in water (60 wt%) , commercially available from OWENSBORO SPECIALTY
POLYMERS.
[0250] Tinogard AS, a UV absorber commercially available from BASF.
[0251] DR306 is a surfactant solution according to the following table.
[0252] Chemguard™ S228 is a blend of fluoro/silicone surfactants from
CHEMGUARD INC.
[0253] Chemguard™ S550 is a short-chain perfluoro-based ethoxylated nonionic fluorosurfactant from CHEMGUARD INC.
[0254] Buffer (pH 9) is a phosphate buffer (0.25 M NaH2P04).
[0255] 1064IR is an IR dye with the following formula and synthesized as disclosed in paragraphs [0150] to [0159] of EP-A 2463109.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of the leuco dye dispersion LD-DISP-01
[0256] 100 g LD-04, 200 g of a 5 wt% solution of Aerosol OT-100 in water and 2 g of a 5 wt% solution of 1 ,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, potassium salt in water were mixed into 198 g water using a DISPERLUX™ dispenser. Stirring was continued for 30 minutes. The vessel was connected to a NETZSCH MiniZeta mill filled with 900 g of 0.4 mm yttrium stabilized zirconia beads ("high wear resistant zirconia grinding media" from TOSOH Co.). The mixture was circulated over the mill for 67 minutes (residence time of 20 minutes) and a rotation speed in the mill of about 10.4 m/s. During the complete milling procedure the content in the mill was cooled to keep the temperature below 60°C. After milling, the dispersion was discharged into a vessel. The resulting concentrated dispersion exhibited an average particle size of 193 nm as measured with a Malvern™ nano-S and a viscosity of 5 mPa.s at 25°C and at a shear rate of 10 s-1.
Preparation of the leuco dye dispersion LD-DISP-02
[0257] 10 g LD-07, 20 g of a 5 wt% solution of Aerosol OT-100 in water, 0.375 g of a 8 wt% solution of sodium hydroxide in water and 0.2 g of a 5 wt% solution of 1 ,2- benzisothiazol-3(2/V)-one, potassium salt in water were mixed into 19.425 g water and introduced into a 100 mL plastic container. The container was filed with 160 g of 3 mm yttrium stabilized zirconia beads ("high wear resistant zirconia grinding media" from TOSOH Co.). The container was sealed and placed on rotating rolls for 7 days. After roll milling, the dispersion exhibited an average particle size of 265 nm as measured with a Malvern™ nano-S.
Preparation of the capsules containing a leucodye
[0258] LD-CAPS-01 has been prepared by adding 2.1 g Tinuvin 928, 5.47 g LD-03, 1.22 g LD-05, 3.04 g LD-04, 4.87 g LD-06, 4.87 g LD-01 and 2.43 g LD-02 to 32 g ethyl acetate. Then, 23.1 g TAKENATE D120N was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 70 °C during 10 minutes in order to dissolve the components after which 0.25 g IRD dissolved in 3 mL methylene chloride was added to the mixture. The mixture was then brought to 25 °C. In a separate flask, 3 drops of OLFINE E1010 were added to 77 g MOWIOL 4 88 and 50 mL water. The ethyl acetate- based solution was added to the aqueous solution. The mixture was emulsified using a T25 digital Ultra-Turrax® with an 18N rotor commercially available from IKA at 20000 rpm during 5 minutes.
[0259] Ethyl acetate was removed under reduced pressure. During the process, also 20 mL of water was evaporated and therefore, the same amount of water was added to the mixture after evaporation. 2.5 g Tetraethylenepentamine in 15.5 mL water was added. This mixture was stirred for 16 hours at 65 °C and afterwards cooled to 25 °C. Large particles were removed by filtering the mixture using a cloth filter with 60 μηη pores.
[0260] LD-CAPS-02 was prepared in the same way as LD-CAPS-01 , except that no
infrared dye (IRD) is used.
Preparation of the colour developing agent
[0261] DEV-01 has been prepared by adding in Pot A, 55 g of Arlo, 4.4 g Proxel Ultra 5 and 366.674 MOW were added to 524.601 g water. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at 50°C in order to dissolve all components.
[0262] In Pot B, 10.725 g 4,4'-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol), 10.725 g Ralox 46, 33 g
Tinuvin 928, 8.25 g DISFLAMOLL TKP, 4.125 g Ethyl Maleate and 181.5 g Zinc 3,5-bis(alpha methylbenzyl) salicylate were added to 495 g ethyl acetate. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 50°C in order to dissolve all components.
[0263] While Pot A was stirred with a HOMO-REX high speed homogenizing mixer, the solution in Pot B was added to Pot A. The mixture was further stirred during 5 minutes with the HOMO-REX mixer. Ethyl acetate was removed from the mixture under reduced pressure.
[0264] DEV-02 has been prepared by adding in Pot A 66.6 g MOW and 0.4 g PROXELK to 13 g water. The mixture was stirred and heated to 50 °C. In Pot B, 10 g of
DISFLAMOLL TKP and 10 g cyclohexyl p-toluene sulfonate were added to 40 g of ethyl acetate and heated to 50 °C until everything was completely dissolved. Pot B was added to pot A and the mixture was emulsified using a T25 digital Ultra-Turrax® with an 18N rotor, commercially available from IKA at 20000 rpm during 5 minutes. Ethyl acetate was removed from the mixture under reduced pressure.
Preparation of the PET support PET-C
[0265] A coating composition SUB-1 was prepared by mixing the components according to the following Table 3.
Table 3
[0266] A 1 100 μιτι thick polyethylene terephthalate sheet was first longitudinally stretched and then coated on both sides with the coating composition SUB-1 at a wet coating thickness of 10 μιη. After drying, the longitudinally stretched and coated
polyethylene terephthalate sheet was transversally stretched to produce a double side subbed 63 pm thick sheet PET-C, which was transparent and glossy.
EXAMPLE 2
[0267] This example illustrates that laser markable articles comprising an encapsulated leuco dye have a much better UV stability compared to laser markable articles comprising leuco dyes which are not encapsulated.
Preparation of the laser markable laminates LML-01 to LML-02
[0268] An outer layer was prepared by coating the coating solution OUT-1 shown in Table 4 on one side of the PET-C foil at a wet coating thickness of 30 pm and dried at 90°C during 6 minutes.
[0269] The Laser Markable Laminates LML-1 to LML-2 were then obtained by coating the coating solutions shown in Table 5 on the other side of the PET-C foil at a wet coating thickness of 30 μηι and dried at 90°C during 15 minutes.
Table 4
Table 5
Preparation of the Laser Markable Articles LMA-1 to LMA-2
[0270] The Laser Markable Laminates LML-1 to LML-2 were laminated on both sides of a 600 μιτι PETG CORE (from Wolfen) using an OASYS OLA 6H laminator (130°C - 220 sec).
Evaluation of the Laser Markable Articles LMA-1 to LMA-2
[0271] The laser markable articles LMA-01 and LMA-02 were evaluated on a uehlbauer
CL 54 equipped with a Rofin RSM Powerline E laser (10 W) (1064 nm, 35 kHz).
[0272] The optical density of the laser marked areas were measured in reflection using a spectrodensitometer type XRITE500 using a visual filter.
[0273] To test the UV stability, the exposed laser markable articles were kept in a
weathering cabinet equipped with a Xenon lamp for 72 hours after which the increase of the background density (Δ Dmin) is measured.
[0274] The maximum optical densities (ODmax), the background optical densities (ODmin) and the increase of the background density upon UV exposure are shown in Table
6.
It is clear from the results of Table 6 that the Laser markable articles wherein the leuco dyes are encapsulated have a much higher stability towards UV radiation exposure compared with laser markable articles wherein the leuco dyes are not encapsulated.
EXAMPLE 3
[0276] This example illustrates that laser markable articles comprising an encapsulated leuco dye and a colour developing agent precursor according to Formula I have a higher maximal density upon exposure to IR radiation.
Preparation of the laser markable laminates LML-03 and LML-04
[0277] LML-03 was prepared by adding 7.93 g of DEV-01 to 3.97 g of LD-CAPS-01 and 30 g of a 12 wt% Mowiol 4 88 solution. The mixture was subsequently stirred during 5 minutes at room temperature with a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was coated with an Elcometer Bird Film Applicator (from ELCOMETER INSTRUMENTS) on a PET-C support at a wet coating thickness of 50 pm and dried at 80 °C for 5 minutes in a circulation oven.
[0278] LML-04 was prepared in the same manner as LML-03 except that DEV-02 is used instead of DEV-01.
Preparation of the laser markable articles LMA-03 and LMA-04
[0279] LMA-03 was prepared by laminating the laser markable laminate LML-03 on both sides of the white opaque core support CORE wherein the coated side of the laser markable laminate faces the white opaque core support CORE.
[0280] The lamination was performed using a Photonex-325 LSI laminator at a temperature of 110 °C and speed mode 1.
[0281] LMA-04 was prepared in the same way as LMA-04, except that the laser markable laminate LML-02 is used instead of LML-01.
Evaluation of the laser-markable articles LMA-03 and LMA-04
[0282] An optically pumped semiconductor laser emitting at 1064 nm (Genesis MX 1064- 10000 MTM from COHERENT) was used for producing a black wedge of 0.6 cm x 0.6 cm square boxes of increasing optical density in the laser markable layer. The laser was used at a power level of 4 W measured at the sample, a dither of 0.025, a scan speed of 200 mm/s and at a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz.
[0283] The optical density of the laser marked areas were measured in reflection using a spectrodensitometer type GretagMacbeth SPM50 using a visual filter.
[0284] The maximum optical densities (ODmax) and the background optical densities
(ODmin) are shown in Table 7.
From these results, it is clear that LMA-04, wherein as colour developing agent precursor cyclohexyl p-toluene sulfonate is used, has a significantly higher maximal optical density compared to LMA-03, wherein the commonly used Zinc 3,5-bis(alpha methylbenzyl) salicylate is used as colour developing agent.
Claims
1. A laser markable composition comprising
(a) an aqueous medium;
(b) capsules composed of a polymeric shell surrounding a core;
(c) a colour developing agent or colour developing agent precursor; and
(d) an optothermal converting agent;
characterized in that the core of the capsule contains a leuco dye.
2. The laser markable composition according to claim 1 wherein the colour developing agent precursor is a polymer particle capable of generating an acid upon exposure to heat.
3. The laser markable composition according to claim 2 wherein the polymer particle is a vinylidenechloride copolymer.
4. The laser markable composition according to claim 1 wherein the colour developing agent precursor is according to Formula (I) or Formula (II):
R4
O O
R2^ ^S^ R5^ /P^
Rl R3
Formula I Formula II wherein
R1 and R3 independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted (hetero)cyclic alkyl group, an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl group, an optionally substituted aralkyi group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted (hetero)cyclic alkoxy group, or an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl group. R2, R4 and R5 independently represent an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted aliphatic (hetero)cyclic alkyl group or an optionally substituted aralkyi group; R1 and R2, R4 and R5, R3 and R4, and R3 and R5 may represent the necessary atoms to form a ring.
5. The laser markable article according to claim 4 wherein the colour developing agent precursor has a structure according to Formula I.
6. The laser markable article according to claim 5 wherein R1 is a tolyl group and R2 is a Ci to C22- alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
7. The laser markable composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the optothermal converting agent is an infrared radiation absorbing dye, an infrared radiation absorbing pigment, or a combination thereof.
8. The laser markable composition according claim 7 wherein the infrared radiation
absorbing dye is located in the core of the capsule.
9. The laser markable composition according to claim 7 wherein the infrared radiation
absorbing pigment is carbon black.
10. The laser markable composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the polymeric shell includes a polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyamide, a melamine based polymer, a polyurea polymer, a polyurethane polymer and copolymers thereof.
11. The laser markable composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein a dispersing group is covalently bound to the polymeric shell.
12. The laser markable composition according to claim 11 wherein the dispersing group is selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid or salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or salt thereof, a phosphoric acid ester or salt thereof, a phosphonic acid or salt thereof, an ammonium group, a sulfonium group, a phosphonium group and a polyethylene oxide group.
13. A laser markable article comprising a laser markable composition as defined in any of the preceding claims applied on a support.
14. The laser markable article according to claim 13 wherein the article is a security
document precursor.
15. A method of preparing a laser marked article comprising the steps of:
- providing a laser markable article as defined in claim 13 or 14; and
- laser marking the article using an infrared laser.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/574,552 US10286708B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-05-18 | Laser markable compositions, articles and documents |
CN201680028751.1A CN107592840B (en) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-05-18 | Laser-markable composition, product and file |
EP16724371.6A EP3297837B1 (en) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-05-18 | Laser markable compositions, articles and documents |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15168086.5 | 2015-05-19 | ||
EP15168086 | 2015-05-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016184881A1 true WO2016184881A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
Family
ID=53180607
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2016/061069 WO2016184881A1 (en) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-05-18 | Laser markable compositions, articles and documents |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10286708B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3297837B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107592840B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016184881A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3327088A1 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-30 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | A multicolour laser marking method |
EP3415498A1 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-19 | Agfa Nv | A developing agent precursor for laser markable compositions |
EP3470134A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-17 | Agfa Nv | A composition comprising solvent and heat resistant capsules |
EP3470135A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-17 | Agfa Nv | A composition comprising solvent and heat resistant capsules |
EP3495155A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-12 | Agfa Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser processing of resin based articles |
EP3594008A1 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-15 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser processing of resin based articles |
EP3626472A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-25 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable compositions |
EP3626471A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-25 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable compositions |
EP3805004A1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-14 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
EP3838610A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-23 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
EP3838609A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-23 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
EP3909781A1 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-17 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | Laser markable articles |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20220049116A1 (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2022-02-17 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | Aqueous dispersion of resin particles |
CN110395068B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2022-02-08 | 福州恒美环保科技有限公司 | Thermal transfer printing method for building wall surface |
EP3805002A1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-14 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
CN111138903A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 南京巨鲨显示科技有限公司 | Dry heat sterilization indicating ink, preparation method and dry heat sterilization indicator |
EP3875285A1 (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2021-09-08 | Agfa Nv | Anti-counterfeiting packaging |
US20230128905A1 (en) | 2020-03-12 | 2023-04-27 | Agfa Nv | Method of Preparing a Packaging Box |
US11714354B2 (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2023-08-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Lithographic printing plate precursor and method of use |
EP3928996A1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-29 | Agfa Nv | Marking of articles |
EP3928995A1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-29 | Agfa Nv | Marking of articles |
Citations (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3649336A (en) | 1967-09-28 | 1972-03-14 | Agfa Gevaert Nv | Plural coated sheet material |
GB1441591A (en) | 1972-07-17 | 1976-07-07 | Agfa Gevaert | Process for adhering hydrophilic layers to dimensionally stable polyester film support |
JPS5968296A (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1984-04-18 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Chemical-resistant heat-sensitive paper |
EP0174054A2 (en) | 1984-09-04 | 1986-03-12 | Polaroid Corporation | Heat-sensitive element for use in a thermal imaging method |
US4720449A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1988-01-19 | Polaroid Corporation | Thermal imaging method |
EP0279104A1 (en) * | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-24 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Image producing material |
EP0327409A2 (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-08-09 | The Mead Corporation | Developer composition |
JPH01214473A (en) * | 1988-02-23 | 1989-08-28 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Thermal recording material |
US5409797A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1995-04-25 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Heat-sensitive recording material for laser recording |
US6265344B1 (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 2001-07-24 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Transparent thermosensitive recording material |
EP1398169A1 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-03-17 | Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. | Laser recording type heat sensitive recording element |
US20080238086A1 (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-02 | Ingrid Geuens | Security document with a transparent pattern and a process for producing a security document with a transparent pattern |
EP2103736A1 (en) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-09-23 | Agfa-Gevaert | Printanle paper; process for producing printable paper; and use thereof |
EP2457737A1 (en) | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-30 | Agfa-Gevaert | Image receiving material for offset printing |
EP2463109A1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking methods of security documents |
EP2567825A1 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-13 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking methods of security document precursors |
EP2617710A1 (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2013-07-24 | API Corporation | Novel phenolsulfonic acid aryl ester derivative, and heat-sensitive recording material using same |
EP2648920A1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2013-10-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking of articles and security documents precursors |
EP2719541A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking |
EP2719540A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Color laser marking |
EP2722367A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-23 | Agfa-Gevaert | Infrared dyes for laser marking |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2181858A1 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-05 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Security document and methods of producing it |
-
2016
- 2016-05-18 US US15/574,552 patent/US10286708B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-05-18 EP EP16724371.6A patent/EP3297837B1/en active Active
- 2016-05-18 CN CN201680028751.1A patent/CN107592840B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-05-18 WO PCT/EP2016/061069 patent/WO2016184881A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3649336A (en) | 1967-09-28 | 1972-03-14 | Agfa Gevaert Nv | Plural coated sheet material |
GB1441591A (en) | 1972-07-17 | 1976-07-07 | Agfa Gevaert | Process for adhering hydrophilic layers to dimensionally stable polyester film support |
JPS5968296A (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1984-04-18 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Chemical-resistant heat-sensitive paper |
EP0174054A2 (en) | 1984-09-04 | 1986-03-12 | Polaroid Corporation | Heat-sensitive element for use in a thermal imaging method |
US4720449A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1988-01-19 | Polaroid Corporation | Thermal imaging method |
EP0279104A1 (en) * | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-24 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Image producing material |
EP0327409A2 (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-08-09 | The Mead Corporation | Developer composition |
JPH01214473A (en) * | 1988-02-23 | 1989-08-28 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Thermal recording material |
US5409797A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1995-04-25 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Heat-sensitive recording material for laser recording |
US6265344B1 (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 2001-07-24 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Transparent thermosensitive recording material |
EP1398169A1 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-03-17 | Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. | Laser recording type heat sensitive recording element |
US20080238086A1 (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-02 | Ingrid Geuens | Security document with a transparent pattern and a process for producing a security document with a transparent pattern |
EP2103736A1 (en) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-09-23 | Agfa-Gevaert | Printanle paper; process for producing printable paper; and use thereof |
EP2617710A1 (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2013-07-24 | API Corporation | Novel phenolsulfonic acid aryl ester derivative, and heat-sensitive recording material using same |
EP2457737A1 (en) | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-30 | Agfa-Gevaert | Image receiving material for offset printing |
EP2463109A1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking methods of security documents |
EP2648920A1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2013-10-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking of articles and security documents precursors |
EP2567825A1 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-13 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking methods of security document precursors |
EP2719541A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking |
EP2719540A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Color laser marking |
EP2722367A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-23 | Agfa-Gevaert | Infrared dyes for laser marking |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
"Encyclopaedia of polymer science. 4th ed.", 2014, WILEY |
"Industrial Photoinitiators, A Technical Guide", 2010, CRC PRESS |
JYOTHI SRI.S, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMA AND BIO SCIENCES, vol. 3, no. 1, January 2012 (2012-01-01) |
RAMAIAH MUTHYALA: "Chemistry and Applications of Leuco Dyes", 1997, PLENUM PRESS |
SALITIN: "Encapsulation Nanotechnologies", 2013, SCRIVENER PUBLISHING LLC, pages: 137 - 173 |
ZHANG Y.; ROCHEFORT D., JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION, vol. 29, no. 7, 2012, pages 636 - 649 |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3327088A1 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-30 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | A multicolour laser marking method |
WO2018096096A1 (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-31 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | A multicolour laser marking method |
EP3415498A1 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-19 | Agfa Nv | A developing agent precursor for laser markable compositions |
WO2018228857A1 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-20 | Agfa Nv | A developing agent precursor for laser markable compositions |
EP3470134A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-17 | Agfa Nv | A composition comprising solvent and heat resistant capsules |
EP3470135A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-17 | Agfa Nv | A composition comprising solvent and heat resistant capsules |
WO2019072749A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-18 | Agfa Nv | A composition comprising solvent and heat resistant capsules |
WO2019072758A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-18 | Agfa Nv | A composition comprising solvent and heat resistant capsules |
EP3495155A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-12 | Agfa Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser processing of resin based articles |
WO2019110438A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-13 | Agfa Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser processing |
EP3594008A1 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-15 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser processing of resin based articles |
WO2020011601A1 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-16 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser processing of resin based articles |
EP3626472A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-25 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable compositions |
EP3626471A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-25 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable compositions |
WO2020064427A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-04-02 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable compositions |
WO2020064633A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-04-02 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable compositions |
EP3805004A1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-14 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
WO2021069257A1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-15 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
EP3838610A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-23 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
EP3838609A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-23 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
WO2021121927A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
WO2021121919A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
EP3909781A1 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-17 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | Laser markable articles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3297837A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
CN107592840B (en) | 2019-11-05 |
CN107592840A (en) | 2018-01-16 |
US10286708B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
US20180154667A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
EP3297837B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3297837B1 (en) | Laser markable compositions, articles and documents | |
EP3297838B1 (en) | Laser markable materials and documents | |
EP2648920B1 (en) | Colour laser marking of articles and security documents precursors | |
WO2017093228A2 (en) | Laser markable compositions and methods to manufacture a packaging therewith | |
WO2015165854A1 (en) | Ir dyes and laser markable articles comprising such ir dyes | |
US10245866B2 (en) | Colour imaging of security document precursors | |
US10144239B2 (en) | Laser markable compositions, articles and documents | |
EP2730425B1 (en) | Colour imaging of security document precursors | |
US10286707B2 (en) | Laser markable compositions, materials and documents | |
WO2016184878A1 (en) | Aqueous inkjet inks | |
US10150327B2 (en) | Laser markable materials and documents | |
EP2639074B1 (en) | Colour laser markable laminates and documents | |
US10144238B2 (en) | Laser markable compositions, articles and documents |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16724371 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2016724371 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15574552 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |