WO2016179928A1 - 一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法 - Google Patents

一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2016179928A1
WO2016179928A1 PCT/CN2015/088536 CN2015088536W WO2016179928A1 WO 2016179928 A1 WO2016179928 A1 WO 2016179928A1 CN 2015088536 W CN2015088536 W CN 2015088536W WO 2016179928 A1 WO2016179928 A1 WO 2016179928A1
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inverter
grid
value
switch
connected switch
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郑飞
陈梅
张晓琳
张军军
黄晶生
陈志磊
董玮
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Priority to US15/573,105 priority Critical patent/US10551429B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/282—Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/2827—Testing of electronic protection circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/388—Arrangements for the handling of islanding, e.g. for disconnection or for avoiding the disconnection of power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter detection, and particularly relates to a method for detecting an island anti-island protection performance.
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation system connected to the power grid fails to detect the power outage state of the power grid in time to continue working, thereby forming a self-sufficient power supply island.
  • Photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems have serious consequences when they are in island operation. For example, the voltage and frequency in the island cannot be controlled, which may cause damage to the user's equipment. The lines in the island are still charged, which may endanger the personal safety of the maintenance personnel. ; affects the timing of the protection of the power grid system protection switch; when the power company resumes power supply, it has problems such as large inrush current due to phase non-synchronization.
  • the corresponding anti-island protection performance testing standards and testing procedures have been developed at home and abroad.
  • the invention provides an anti-islanding protection performance detection method for an inverter, which solves the problem that the anti-island protection capability of the photovoltaic inverter is difficult to be refined and evaluated; comprehensively and objectively reflects the inverter anti-island protection Performance; at the same time, it effectively avoids the phenomenon that some inverters can not correctly reflect the anti-islanding capability of the inverter for the characteristic load design, provide technical support for the existing anti-island protection performance detection method, and further enrich and improve the anti-island protection performance detection field. standard system.
  • a method for detecting an anti-island protection performance of an inverter wherein the inverter to be tested is connected to a distribution network through a closed grid switch, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Connect a RLC power through the load switch between the inverter and the grid-connected switch
  • the RLC load includes an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor connected in parallel;
  • Step 2 Set the initial condition of the detection, and set the fundamental current I 1 of the grid-connected switch to be less than 1% of the output current I N of the measured inverter;
  • Step 3 respectively set the resonant frequency of the RLC load to three different values of resistive, capacitive, and inductive; and after each setting, record the disconnecting the grid switch to the The time value elapsed after the inverter under test stops running;
  • Step 4 If any of the time values exceeds 2 seconds, it is determined that the anti-island protection performance of the inverter is unqualified, and the detection ends;
  • step I-3 is repeated until the record is The number of time values is 9; wherein, 1% I N ⁇ I 2 ⁇ 3% I N , 3% I N ⁇ I 3 ⁇ 5% I N ;
  • Step 5 Weighting and calculating the recorded nine time values, and the obtained weighted value is the test result of the anti-islanding protection capability of the inverter, and performing an anti-islanding protection capability level on the inverter according to the test result. Evaluation.
  • the method includes:
  • a power test device is connected between the grid-connected switch and the distribution network.
  • the initial condition of the detection in the step 2 further includes:
  • the resonant frequency values of the three different RLC loads in the step 3 are respectively f 1 , capacitive f 2 and inductive f 3 that make the RLC load resistive;
  • the time value of disconnecting the grid-connected switch to stop the running of the tested inverter is recorded, including:
  • the weighting value in the step 5 is an average value or a root mean square value of the nine time values; the smaller the weighting value is, the higher the evaluation of the anti-islanding protection capability level of the inverter is.
  • the present invention provides a method for detecting an anti-islanding performance of an inverter.
  • the resonant frequency of the RLC load is set.
  • the recording disconnects the grid-connected switch to stop the inverter under test. The time value; and the weighted calculation results in the test results and grade evaluation of the inverter's anti-island protection capability.
  • the detection method proposed by the invention solves the problem that the anti-island protection capability of the photovoltaic inverter is difficult to be refined and evaluated; the inverter anti-island protection performance is comprehensively and objectively reflected; and the partial inverter is effectively prevented from being designed for the characteristic load. It correctly reflects the anti-islanding capability of the inverter, provides technical support for the existing anti-island protection performance detection method, and further enriches and improves the relevant standard system in the field of anti-island protection performance detection.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention introduces the RLC load resonance change into the inverter anti-island protection performance detection method, and can comprehensively and effectively detect the inverter anti-island protection performance, thereby submitting the reliability of detection.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention by introducing three kinds of load resonance frequency intervals representing resistance, capacitance and inductivity as key test conditions, and performing refinement testing on the islanding capability of the inverter under nine test intervals, It effectively avoids the phenomenon that some inverters can not correctly reflect the anti-islanding capability of the inverter when designing for one or more characteristic loads, and provides the accuracy of detection.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention solves the problem that the anti-islanding protection capability of the photovoltaic inverter is difficult to be refined and evaluated by weighting the comprehensive evaluation of the nine test results on the basis of the refined detection.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention provides technical support for the existing anti-island protection performance detection method, and can further enrich and improve the relevant standard system in the field of anti-island protection performance detection at home and abroad.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting an anti-islanding performance of an inverter of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a wiring diagram of a method for testing an anti-islanding performance of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an anti-islanding performance simulation test solution of an application example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a trend diagram of detection time of an anti-islanding performance of a photovoltaic inverter A under different load impedance characteristics of an application example of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a time trend diagram of an anti-islanding performance detection time of a photovoltaic inverter B under different load impedance characteristics of an application example of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for detecting an anti-island protection performance of an inverter, which is to be tested.
  • the inverter is connected to the distribution network through a closed grid switch K2, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Connect an RLC circuit through the load switch between the inverter and the grid switch K2; wherein the RLC load includes the inductor, capacitor and resistor in parallel;
  • Step 2 Set the initial condition of the detection, and set the fundamental current I 1 of the grid-connected switch K2 to be less than 1% of the output current I N of the inverter under test;
  • Step 3 Set the resonant frequency of the RLC load to three different values for resistive, capacitive, and inductive respectively; and after each setting, record the disconnected grid switch K2 to the inverter under test. The time value elapsed after the operation was stopped;
  • Step 4 If any one of the time values exceeds 2 seconds, it is determined that the anti-islanding performance of the inverter is unqualified, and the detection ends;
  • step I-3 is repeated until the recorded time value is The number is 9; wherein, 1% I N ⁇ I 2 ⁇ 3% I N , 3% I N ⁇ I 3 ⁇ 5% I N ;
  • Step 5 Weighting the calculated nine time values, and the obtained weighted value is the test result of the anti-islanding protection capability of the inverter, and the inverter is evaluated for the anti-island protection capability level according to the test result.
  • step 2 include:
  • a power test device is connected between the grid-connected switch K2 and the distribution network.
  • the initial condition of the detection in step 2 further includes:
  • the resonance frequency values of the three different RLC loads in step 3 are respectively f 1 , capacitive f 2 and inductive f 3 that make the RLC load resistive;
  • the weighting value in step 5 is an average value or a root mean square value of nine time values.
  • step 5 The smaller the weighting value of step 5, the higher the evaluation of the anti-islanding protection capability of the inverter.
  • the application examples of the present invention take the inverter A and the inverter B using the existing typical active phase shifting anti-islanding protection method and the active frequency shifting anti-islanding protection method as examples, and the two 100 kW photovoltaic grid-connected reverse
  • the anti-island simulation test is carried out in the Matlab/Simulink environment, and the detection results of the inverter anti-island protection performance are calculated based on the impedance characteristics of the RLC circuit to simulate the load resonance frequency and the fundamental current change. Anti-island performance.
  • the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter generates 100% of rated power, configures the RLC load, closes the load switch K1 and the grid-connected switch K2, so that the fundamental currents through the grid-connected switch K2 are respectively
  • the output current of the photovoltaic inverter is 0 ⁇ 1%, 1% ⁇ 3%, 3% ⁇ 5%, and the RLC load is adjusted when the magnitude of the fundamental current flowing through K2 and the RLC load quality factor are the same.
  • Capacitive, resistive and sensuous Saturation that is, the load resonance frequency is 50.1 Hz to 50.2 Hz, 49.9 Hz to 50.1 Hz, and 47.5 Hz to 49.9 Hz, respectively. Recording the anti-island protection performance detection of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter when the grid-connected switch K2 is disconnected under the above test conditions time.
  • the resonant frequency is less than 50 Hz, and the fundamental current flowing through the grid-connected switch K2 is less than 5% of the output current.
  • the anti-islanding performance detection time decreases with the resonance frequency deviating from 50Hz.
  • the anti-island protection performance detection time is basically constant.
  • the resonant frequency is greater than 50 Hz, and the fundamental current flowing through the grid-connected switch K2 is less than 5% of the output current.
  • the larger the fundamental current the farther the resonant frequency deviates from 50 Hz, and even exceeds the standard.
  • the resonant frequency is between 50 Hz and 50.2 Hz, the detection time of the anti-island protection performance decreases with the resonance frequency deviating from 50 Hz.
  • the detection time of the anti-island protection performance of the inverter is basically unchanged.
  • the load is resistive, and when the resonant frequency is 50 Hz, the anti-island protection performance detection time is the longest, the load is capacitive or inductive, and the resonant frequency deviates from 50 Hz, and The farther away from 50 Hz, the shorter the detection time, that is, the probability of passing the test result is greater, and the test result is not objective.
  • Table 2 is the inverter A anti-islanding capability test result record table
  • Table 3 is the inverter B anti-islanding capability test result record table, and the two inverters are tested.
  • the results are weighted separately, and the evaluation value of the anti-island protection capability of the inverter A can be obtained as 0.0719.
  • the evaluation value of the inverter B anti-island protection capability is 0.0972. It is shown that the anti-island protection capability of inverter A is better than the anti-island protection capability of inverter B.
  • the present invention compared with the existing anti-island protection performance detection standard, the present invention fully considers that the fundamental current flowing through the grid-connected switch in the initial condition is 0 to 1%, 1% of the inverter output current, respectively.
  • the influence of three change intervals of ⁇ 3% and 3% ⁇ 5% on the detection time of inverter anti-island protection performance is simple considering 0 ⁇ 1%, 0-3% or 0-5% than the existing standard. It can more fully and objectively reflect the inverter anti-island protection performance.
  • the inverter anti-island protection performance detection time when the fundamental current flowing through the grid switch is determined to be resistive, capacitive or inductive, the inverter anti-island protection performance detection time when the fundamental current flowing through the grid switch is less than 1% of the inverter output current
  • the increase of the fundamental current flowing through the grid-connected switch decreases rapidly; when the fundamental current flowing through the grid-connected switch is 1% to 3% of the inverter output current, the inverter anti-island protection performance detection time follows the flow.
  • the fundamental current of the grid-connected switch increases and decreases slowly; when the fundamental current flowing through the grid-connected switch is 3% to 5% of the inverter output current, the inverter anti-island protection performance detection time flows with The fundamental current of the network switch increases and remains substantially unchanged.
  • the invention proposes that when the inverter anti-island protection performance is detected, the fundamental current flowing through the grid-connected switch is divided into three different sections, namely, 0 to 1%, 1% to 3%, and 3% to 5%, which can be further Objectively reflect the inverter's anti-island protection performance.
  • the fundamental current flowing through the grid switch is resistive, capacitive or inductive, which is determined by the RLC load resonance frequency.
  • the inverter listed in the application example of the present invention has a resistive resistance and a resonant frequency.
  • the present invention proposes to introduce the RLC load resonance change into the inverter anti-island protection performance detection method, and comprehensively detect the inverter anti-island protection performance.
  • the present invention divides the fundamental current flowing through the grid-connected switch to 0 to 1%, 1% to 3%, and 3% to 5% of the inverter output current. Three intervals are introduced, and three load resonance frequency ranges representing resistance, capacitance and inductivity are introduced as key test conditions.
  • the refinement test of the island's islanding ability is carried out under nine test intervals, which can effectively avoid the inverse.
  • the transformer is designed for a certain characteristic load, and some inverters do not correctly reflect the anti-islanding capability of the inverter when designing for various characteristic loads.
  • the detection results of the existing anti-island protection performance detection methods are all qualified or unqualified, and the advantages and disadvantages of the anti-island protection performance detection ability of the two different types of inverters cannot be objectively compared.
  • the invention Based on the refined detection, the invention performs weighted comprehensive evaluation on the nine test results, and solves the problem that the photovoltaic inverter anti-island protection capability is difficult to be refined and evaluated for the first time in the world.

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Abstract

一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法，通过在逆变器和并网开关之间串联一个RLC电路，在将RLC负载的谐振频率设置为使其呈现阻性、容性和感性的三个不同的数值且每次将并网开关的基波电流值设置为不同的值后，记录断开并网开关至被测逆变器停止运行的时间值；并对其加权计算得到逆变器的防孤岛保护能力的测试结果及等级评价。该检测方法解决了光伏逆变器防孤岛保护能力难以精细化评估的难题；全面且客观地反映了逆变器防孤岛保护性能；同时有效避免了部分逆变器针对特性负载设计无法正确反映逆变器防孤岛能力的现象，为现有防孤岛保护性能检测方法提供技术支撑，进一步丰富完善了防孤岛保护性能检测领域相关标准体系。

Description

一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏并网逆变器检测领域，具体涉及一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法。
背景技术
当公共电网突然停止供电时，与电网相连的分布式光伏发电系统未能及时检测出电网的停电状态而继续工作，从而形成一个自给供电孤岛。光伏并网发电系统处于孤岛运行状态时会产生严重的后果，如孤岛中的电压和频率无法控制，可能会对用户的设备造成损坏；孤岛中的线路仍然带电，可能会危及检修人员的人身安全；影响电网系统保护开关动作时序；电力公司恢复供电时，由于相位不同步产生大的冲击电流等问题。目前，国内外均制订了相应的防孤岛保护性能检测标准和检测流程。
目前国内外关于防孤岛保护性能检测领域，在初始测试条件中对于流过并网开关的基波电流仅考虑了大小及单一区间，导致部分逆变器针对特性负载设计无法正确反映逆变器防孤岛能力；同时无法全面且精细化地反映逆变器防孤岛保护性能。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供的一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法，解决了光伏逆变器防孤岛保护能力难以精细化评估的难题；全面且客观地反映了逆变器防孤岛保护性能；同时有效避免了部分逆变器针对特性负载设计无法正确反映逆变器防孤岛能力的现象，为现有防孤岛保护性能检测方法提供技术支撑，进一步丰富完善了防孤岛保护性能检测领域相关标准体系。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法，待测的逆变器通过闭合的并网开关连接至配电网，所述方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1.在所述逆变器和所述并网开关之间通过负载开关串联一个RLC电 路；其中，RLC负载包括并联的电感、电容和电阻；
步骤2.设置检测的初始条件，并将所述并网开关的基波电流I1设置为小于所述被测逆变器的输出电流IN的1％；
步骤3.分别将所述RLC负载的谐振频率设置为使其呈现阻性、容性和感性的3个不同的数值；并在每一次设置后，均记录断开所述并网开关至所述被测逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值；
步骤4.若任何一个所述时间值超过2秒，则判定所述逆变器的防孤岛保护性能不合格，检测结束；
若所述时间值均未超过2秒，则分别将流过所述并网开关的基波电流调整为I2和I3；并在每次调整后，均重复步骤I-3，直到记录的时间值的数量为9个；其中，1％IN≤I2<3％IN，3％IN≤I3<5％IN；
步骤5.加权计算记录的9个时间值，得到的加权值即为所述逆变器的防孤岛保护能力的测试结果，并根据所述测试结果对所述逆变器进行防孤岛保护能力等级评价。
优选的，所述步骤2之前，包括：
在所述并网开关与所述配电网之间连接有功率测试装置。
优选的，所述步骤2中的检测的初始条件，还包括：
2-1.用所述功率检测装置测量所述逆变器的有功功率和无功功率的输出值；
2-2.设置所述RLC电路中由L支路和C支路并联而成的LC电路消耗的无功功率值等于所述逆变器发出的无功功率值；并设置所述RLC电路消耗的有功功率值等于所述逆变器发出的有功功率值；
2-3.设置所述RLC负载的品质因数为1±0.2。
优选的，所述步骤3中的3个不同的所述RLC负载的谐振频率值分别为使 所述RLC负载呈现阻性的f1、容性的f2和感性的f3；
且49.9Hz≤f1<50.1Hz、50.1Hz≤f2<50.2Hz、47.5Hz≤f3<49.9Hz。
优选的，所述在每一次设置后，均记录断开所述并网开关至所述被测逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值，包括：
3-1.当所述RLC负载的谐振频率值为f1时，断开所述并网开关，并记录断开所述并网开关至所述逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值，再闭合所述并网开关；
3-2.当所述RLC负载的谐振频率值为f2时，断开所述并网开关，并记录断开所述并网开关至所述逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值，再闭合所述并网开关；
3-3.当所述RLC负载的谐振频率值为f3时，断开所述并网开关，并记录断开所述并网开关至所述逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值，再闭合所述并网开关。
优选的，所述步骤5中的加权值为所述9个时间值的平均值或均方根值；所述加权值越小，所述逆变器的防孤岛保护能力等级评价越高。
从上述的技术方案可以看出，本发明提供了一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法，通过在逆变器和并网开关之间串联一个RLC电路，在将RLC负载的谐振频率设置为使其呈现阻性、容性和感性的三个不同的数值且每次将并网开关的基波电流值设置为不同的值后,记录断开并网开关至被测逆变器停止运行的时间值；并对其加权计算得到逆变器的防孤岛保护能力的测试结果及等级评价。本发明提出的检测方法解决了光伏逆变器防孤岛保护能力难以精细化评估的难题；全面且客观地反映了逆变器防孤岛保护性能；同时有效避免了部分逆变器针对特性负载设计无法正确反映逆变器防孤岛能力的现象，为现有防孤岛保护性能检测方法提供技术支撑，进一步丰富完善了防孤岛保护性能检测领域相关标准体系。
与最接近的现有技术比，本发明提供的技术方案具有以下优异效果：
1、本发明所提供的技术方案中，充分考虑初始条件中流过并网开关的基波电流大小分别为逆变器输出电流0～1％、1％～3％、3％～5％三个变化区间段对逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间的影响，将流过并网开关的基波电流划分为三个不同区间，能够更加客观地反映逆变器防孤岛保护性能。
2、本发明所提供的技术方案，通过将RLC负载谐振变化引入逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测方法中，能够全面且有效地检测逆变器防孤岛保护性能，从而提交了检测的可靠性。
3、本发明所提供的技术方案，通过引入代表阻性、容性和感性的三种负载谐振频率区间作为关键测试条件，在9种测试区间下对逆变器当孤岛能力开展精细化测试，有效避免了部分逆变器针对某一种或多种特性负载设计时，无法正确反映逆变器防孤岛能力的现象，提供了检测的准确性。
4、本发明所提供的技术方案，通过在精细化检测的基础上对9种测试结果进行加权综合评估，首次解决了光伏逆变器防孤岛保护能力难以精细化评估的难题。
5、本发明所提供的技术方案，为现有防孤岛保护性能检测方法提供技术支撑，能够进一步丰富完善国内外防孤岛保护性能检测领域相关标准体系。
6、本发明提供的技术方案，应用广泛，具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明的逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法的流程图；
图2是本发明的实施例的防孤岛保护性能测试方法的接线示意图；
图3是本发明的应用例的防孤岛保护性能仿真测试方案的示意图；
图4是本发明的应用例的不同负载阻抗特性下的某光伏逆变器A防孤岛保护性能检测时间趋势图；
图5是本发明的应用例的不同负载阻抗特性下的某光伏逆变器B防孤岛保护性能检测时间趋势图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法，待测的 逆变器通过闭合的并网开关K2连接至配电网，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1.在逆变器和并网开关K2之间通过负载开关串联一个RLC电路；其中，RLC负载包括并联的电感、电容和电阻；
步骤2.设置检测的初始条件，并将并网开关K2的基波电流I1设置为小于被测逆变器的输出电流IN的1％；
步骤3.分别将RLC负载的谐振频率设置为使其呈现阻性、容性和感性的3个不同的数值；并在每一次设置后，均记录断开并网开关K2至被测逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值；
步骤4.若任何一个时间值超过2秒，则判定逆变器的防孤岛保护性能不合格，检测结束；
若时间值均未超过2秒，则分别将流过并网开关K2的基波电流调整为I2和I3；并在每次调整后，均重复步骤I-3，直到记录的时间值的数量为9个；其中，1％IN≤I2<3％IN，3％IN≤I3<5％IN；
步骤5.加权计算记录的9个时间值，得到的加权值即为逆变器的防孤岛保护能力的测试结果，并根据测试结果对逆变器进行防孤岛保护能力等级评价。
其中，步骤2之前，包括：
在并网开关K2与配电网之间连接有功率测试装置。
其中，步骤2中的检测的初始条件，还包括：
2-1.用功率检测装置测量逆变器的有功功率和无功功率的输出值；
2-2.设置RLC电路中由L支路和C支路并联而成的LC电路消耗的无功功率值等于逆变器发出的无功功率值；并设置RLC电路消耗的有功功率值等于逆变器发出的有功功率值；
2-3.设置RLC负载的品质因数为1±0.2。
其中，步骤3中的3个不同的RLC负载的谐振频率值分别为使RLC负载呈现阻性的f1、容性的f2和感性的f3；
且49.9Hz≤f1<50.1Hz、50.1Hz≤f2<50.2Hz、47.5Hz≤f3<49.9Hz。
其中，在并网开关K2的基波电流I1小于被测逆变器的输出电流IN的1％时，记录断开并网开关K2至被测逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t1、t2和t3，包括：
3-1.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f1时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网 开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t1，再闭合并网开关K2；若t1>2s,则结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t1≤2s,则继续3-2；
3-2.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f2时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t2，再闭合并网开关K2；若t2>2s,则结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t2≤2s,则继续3-3；
3-3.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f3时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t3，再闭合并网开关K2；若t3>2s,则结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t3≤2s,则继续4-1；
其中，在并网开关K2的基波电流为I2，且1％IN≤I2<3％时，记录断开并网开关K2至被测逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t4、t5和t6，包括：
4-1.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f1时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t4，再闭合并网开关K2；若t4>2s,则结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t4≤2s,则继续4-2；
4-2.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f2时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t5，再闭合并网开关K2；若t5>2s,则结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t5≤2s,则继续4-3；
4-3.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f3时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t6，再闭合并网开关K2；若t6>2s,则结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t6≤2s,则继续5-1；
其中，在并网开关K2的基波电流为I3，且3％IN≤I3<5％IN时，记录断开并网开关K2至被测逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t7、t8和t9，包括：
5-1.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f1时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t7，再闭合并网开关K2；若t7>2s,则 结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t7≤2s,则继续5-2；
5-2.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f2时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t8，再闭合并网开关K2；若t8>2s,则结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t8≤2s,则继续5-3；
5-3.当RLC负载的谐振频率值为f3时，断开并网开关K2，并记录断开并网开关K2至逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值t9，再闭合并网开关K2；若t9>2s,则结束测试，该逆变器不符合GB/T29319《光伏发电系统接入配电网技术规定》；若t9≤2s,则将记录的9个时间值列入表1中：
表1逆变器防孤岛保护性能测试结果记录表
Figure PCTCN2015088536-appb-000001
其中，步骤5中的加权值为9个时间值的平均值或均方根值。
步骤5的加权值越小，逆变器的防孤岛保护能力等级评价越高。
本发明的应用例分别以采用现有典型主动移相式防孤岛保护方法和主动移频式防孤岛保护方法的逆变器A和逆变器B为例，对该两台100kW光伏并网逆变器在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行防孤岛仿真检测，记录基于RLC电路阻抗特性模拟负载谐振频率及基波电流变化等不同测试工况时逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测结果，评价逆变器的防孤岛性能。
如图2及图3所示，光伏并网逆变器发电功率为100％额定功率，配置RLC负载，闭合负载开关K1和并网开关K2，使通过并网开关K2的基波电流大小分别为光伏逆变器输出电流的0～1％、1％～3％、3％～5％，且在流过K2的基波电流大小和RLC负载品质因数不变的情况下，调整RLC负载分别为容性、阻性和感 性，即负载谐振频率分别为50.1Hz～50.2Hz、49.9Hz～50.1Hz、和47.5Hz～49.9Hz，记录上述测试条件下并网开关K2断开时光伏并网逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间。
如图4所示，逆变器A采用主动移相防孤岛保护方法时，流过并网开关K2的基波电流大小不同且RLC负载特性不同时，逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测结果。可以发现：
(1)RLC负载呈现阻性时，谐振频率为50Hz，流过并网开关K2的基波电流小于输出电流5％时，流过并网开关K2的基波电流大小对逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间基本无影响。
(2)RLC负载呈现感性时，谐振频率小于50Hz，流过并网开关K2的基波电流小于输出电流5％时，流过并网开关K2的基波电流越大，谐振频率偏离50Hz越远，甚至超出标准规定的47.5Hz，且谐振频率在47.5Hz～50Hz之间时，防孤岛保护性能检测时间随谐振频率偏离50Hz不断减小，谐振频率小于47.5Hz时，防孤岛保护性能检测时间基本不变。
(3)RLC负载呈现容性时，谐振频率大于50Hz，流过并网开关K2的基波电流小于输出电流5％时，基波电流越大，谐振频率偏离50Hz越远，甚至超出标准规定的50.2Hz，且谐振频率在50Hz～50.2Hz之间时，防孤岛保护性能检测时间随谐振频率偏离50Hz不断减小，谐振频率大于50.2Hz时，逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间基本不变。
(4)对于相同大小的基波电流，均存在下述现象：负载为阻性，谐振频率为50Hz时，防孤岛保护性能检测时间最长，负载为容性或感性，谐振频率偏离50Hz，且偏离50Hz越远，检测时间越短，即出现检测结果合格的几率更大，该检测结果也不具有客观性。
如图5所示，逆变器B采用主动移频式防孤岛保护方法时，流过并网点的基波电流不同和RLC负载特性不同时，逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测结果，其实验现象与逆变器A检测结果相似。
对上述两种逆变器开展防孤岛能力评价，表2为逆变器A防孤岛能力测试结果记录表，表3为逆变器B防孤岛能力测试结果记录表，对两种逆变器测试结果分别进行加权计算，可以得到对逆变器A防孤岛保护能力评价值为0.0719， 对逆变器B防孤岛保护能力评价值为0.0972。说明逆变器A的防孤岛保护能力优于逆变器B的防孤岛保护能力。
表2逆变器A防孤岛能力测试结果记录表
Figure PCTCN2015088536-appb-000002
表3逆变器B防孤岛能力测试结果记录表
Figure PCTCN2015088536-appb-000003
如图4和5所示，与现有防孤岛保护性能检测标准相比，本发明充分考虑初始条件中流过并网开关的基波电流大小分别为逆变器输出电流0～1％、1％～3％、3％～5％三个变化区间段对逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间的影响，比现有标准单纯考虑0～1％、0～3％或0～5％等单一区间更能全面客观地反映逆变器防孤岛保护性能。当流过并网开关的基波电流为确定的阻性、容性或感性时，流过并网开关的基波电流小于逆变器输出电流1％时，逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间随流过并网开关的基波电流的增大迅速减小；流过并网开关的基波电流为逆变器输出电流1％～3％时，逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间随流过并网开关的基波电流增大而缓慢减小；流过并网开关的基波电流为逆变器输出电流3％～5％时，逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间随流过并网开关的基波电流增大而基本不变。因此，对 于同一型号的逆变器，RLC负载阻抗所消耗的功率不同，流过并网开关的基波电流大小不同，逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时间也不一致。本发明提出逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测时，将流过并网开关的基波电流划分为三个不同区间，即0～1％、1％～3％、3％～5％，能够更加客观地反映逆变器防孤岛保护性能。
并且在现有防孤岛保护性能检测中，会出现型号完全相同的两台逆变器仅仅由于流过并网开关的基波电流阻性、容性、感性等特性不一致造成一台检测合格，一台检测不合格的情况。通过本发明人研究发现：流过并网开关的基波电流呈现阻性、容性还是感性由RLC负载谐振频率决定，本发明的应用例中列举的逆变器，负载为阻性，谐振频率为50Hz时，防孤岛保护性能检测时间最长，负载为容性或感性，谐振频率偏离50Hz，且偏离50Hz越远，检测时间越短，即出现检测结果合格的几率更大。因此，本发明提出将RLC负载谐振变化引入逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测方法中，全面检测逆变器防孤岛保护性能。
同时与现有防孤岛保护性能检测方法相比，本发明通过划分流过并网开关的基波电流为逆变器输出电流的0～1％、1％～3％、3％～5％共3个区间，并引入代表阻性、容性和感性的三种负载谐振频率区间作为关键测试条件，在9种测试区间下对逆变器当孤岛能力开展精细化测试，能够有效避免有的逆变器针对某一种特性负载设计、有的逆变器针对各种特性负载设计时，不能正确反映逆变器防孤岛能力的现象。现有防孤岛保护性能检测方法的检测结果均为合格或不合格，不能客观对比两种不同型号逆变器防孤岛保护性能检测能力的优劣。本发明在精细化检测的基础上对9种测试结果进行加权综合评估，在世界范围内首次解决了光伏逆变器防孤岛保护能力难以精细化评估的难题。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种逆变器防孤岛保护性能的检测方法，其特征在于，待测的逆变器通过闭合的并网开关连接至配电网，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    步骤1.在所述逆变器和所述并网开关之间通过负载开关串联一个RLC电路；其中，RLC负载包括并联的电感、电容和电阻；
    步骤2.设置检测的初始条件，并将所述并网开关的基波电流I1设置为小于所述被测逆变器的输出电流IN的1％；
    步骤3.分别将所述RLC负载的谐振频率设置为使其呈现阻性、容性和感性的3个不同的数值；并在每一次设置后，均记录断开所述并网开关至所述被测逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值；
    步骤4.若任何一个所述时间值超过2秒，则判定所述逆变器的防孤岛保护性能不合格，检测结束；
    若所述时间值均未超过2秒，则分别将流过所述并网开关的基波电流调整为I2和I3；并在每次调整后，均重复步骤I-3，直到记录的时间值的数量为9个；其中，1％IN≤I2<3％IN，3％IN≤I3<5％IN；
    步骤5.加权计算记录的9个时间值，得到的加权值即为所述逆变器的防孤岛保护能力的测试结果，并根据所述测试结果对所述逆变器进行防孤岛保护能力等级评价。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2之前，包括：
    在所述并网开关与所述配电网之间连接有功率测试装置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中的检测的初始条件，还包括：
    2-1.用所述功率检测装置测量所述逆变器的有功功率和无功功率的输出值；
    2-2.设置所述RLC电路中由L支路和C支路并联而成的LC电路消耗的无 功功率值等于所述逆变器发出的无功功率值；并设置所述RLC电路消耗的有功功率值等于所述逆变器发出的有功功率值；
    2-3.设置所述RLC负载的品质因数为1±0.2。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中的3个不同的所述RLC负载的谐振频率值分别为使所述RLC负载呈现阻性的f1、容性的f2和感性的f3；
    且49.9Hz≤f1<50.1Hz、50.1Hz≤f2<50.2Hz、47.5Hz≤f3<49.9Hz。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述在每一次设置后，均记录断开所述并网开关至所述被测逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值，包括：
    3-1.当所述RLC负载的谐振频率值为f1时，断开所述并网开关，并记录断开所述并网开关至所述逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值，再闭合所述并网开关；
    3-2.当所述RLC负载的谐振频率值为f2时，断开所述并网开关，并记录断开所述并网开关至所述逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值，再闭合所述并网开关；
    3-3.当所述RLC负载的谐振频率值为f3时，断开所述并网开关，并记录断开所述并网开关至所述逆变器停止运行所经过的时间值，再闭合所述并网开关。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5中的加权值为所述9个时间值的平均值或均方根值；所述加权值越小，所述逆变器的防孤岛保护能力等级评价越高。
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