WO2016147228A1 - 蓄電装置 - Google Patents
蓄電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016147228A1 WO2016147228A1 PCT/JP2015/005119 JP2015005119W WO2016147228A1 WO 2016147228 A1 WO2016147228 A1 WO 2016147228A1 JP 2015005119 W JP2015005119 W JP 2015005119W WO 2016147228 A1 WO2016147228 A1 WO 2016147228A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power storage
- voltage source
- variable voltage
- storage element
- power
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007659 motor function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
- B60L9/02—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using dc motors
- B60L9/04—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using dc motors fed from dc supply lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/53—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
- B60L9/02—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using dc motors
- B60L9/08—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using dc motors fed from ac supply lines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60M3/00—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
- B60M3/06—Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/16—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/02—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a power storage device.
- the DC feeder system which is a power supply system for DC electric railways, is said to have heavy load fluctuations and large voltage fluctuations in overhead lines.
- a regenerative vehicle has also been introduced in such a DC electric railway, in which when the running vehicle decelerates (brakes), the motor functions as a generator to return the generated power (regenerative power) to the feeder side. Is underway.
- the regenerative power returned to the feeding side must have a load that absorbs (uses) it, for example, an accelerating vehicle in the vicinity. When there is no such load, the regenerative vehicle falls into regenerative invalidation.
- the voltage of the storage battery must be set to be lower than the lower limit of the fluctuation of the overhead line voltage, and a large current rating is required as a converter.
- noise is generated from the reactor, and it is necessary to take measures against the noise in the device or the building where the device is installed.
- a storage battery is provided with a current control circuit for suppressing the voltage when the voltage of the overhead line rises to a voltage value exceeding the rating.
- a current control circuit for suppressing the voltage when the voltage of the overhead line rises to a voltage value exceeding the rating.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power storage device that can improve safety and controllability of a power storage facility while dealing with load fluctuations and overhead line voltage fluctuations.
- the power storage device of the embodiment includes a power storage element, a variable voltage source, an interconnection reactor, a current detector, and a control circuit.
- the storage element is connected to a DC electric line having a first pole and a second pole, and charging / discharging of the DC electric line is possible.
- the variable voltage source is connected in series between the first pole of the DC power line and the positive electrode of the power storage element, and can generate a DC voltage in the range of the difference between the DC power line and the power storage element.
- the interconnection reactor is connected between the first pole of the DC electric line and the variable voltage source.
- the current detector detects the current flowing through the interconnected reactor.
- the control circuit uses the current detected by the current detector to drive and control the variable voltage source so as to adjust the difference between the output voltage of the entire circuit and the output voltage of the charging element.
- a power storage device which is a power supply system for a DC electric railway, comprises a DC electric line 1 as a power transmission line with an overhead line, a rail, and a vehicle such as a train (not shown).
- the overhead line is an electric line having a positive potential, and is a positive electrode 1a as a first pole.
- the rail is an electric wire having a negative electrode side potential, and is a negative electrode 1b as a second electrode.
- This DC electric line 1 is connected to a diode rectifier and a regenerative vehicle (regenerative vehicle).
- a regenerative vehicle is also called a vehicle load.
- the power storage device 2 of this embodiment includes a power storage element 10, a variable voltage source 9, an interconnection reactor 4, a current detector 24, a control circuit 25, and the like.
- the storage element 10 is a storage battery that can charge and discharge the DC electric line 1 and has characteristics close to a constant voltage source, that is, a so-called battery.
- the storage element 10 may be, for example, a capacitor having a large electrostatic capacity in addition to the live battery.
- the variable voltage source 9 is connected in series between the positive electrode 1 a of the DC electric line 1 and the positive electrode of the storage element 10.
- the variable voltage source 9 is, for example, an AC / DC converter that converts an external AC voltage into a DC voltage to generate a voltage, that is, an inverter circuit.
- the variable voltage source 9 has a small circuit configuration capable of generating a DC voltage in the range of the difference between the DC power line 1 and the storage element 10.
- the interconnecting reactor 4 is connected to a circuit between the positive electrode 1 a of the DC electric line 1 and the variable voltage source 9.
- the interconnected reactor 4 is a reactor (a coil in which an insulated wire is wound in a spiral) that is connected in series between the DC power line 1 and the variable power supply 9 when the variable power supply 9 is connected to the DC power line 1. It is provided to eliminate ripples included in the current from the variable power source 9.
- the current detector 24 is connected to a circuit between the interconnection reactor 4 and the variable voltage source 9. The current detector 24 detects the current flowing through the interconnecting reactor 4.
- the control circuit 25 uses the current detected by the current detector 24 to adjust the difference between the output voltage of the entire circuit (the voltage between the positive electrode 1a and the negative electrode 1b of the DC power line 1) and the output voltage of the storage element 10 to a desired value.
- the variable voltage source 9 is driven and controlled so that the power storage device 2 can output current.
- the control circuit 25 drives and controls the variable voltage source 9 so that the output voltage of the variable voltage source 9 is smaller than the voltage of the storage element 10.
- the drive control is to control the variable voltage source 9 to change the voltage generated by the variable voltage source 9.
- the variable voltage source 9 can generate both positive and negative voltages. The detailed configuration of the variable voltage source 9 will be described in the following embodiments.
- the control circuit 25 drives and controls the variable voltage source 9 so as to generate a negative voltage when the voltage of the DC power line 1 becomes larger than the voltage of the storage element 10.
- the control circuit 25 drives and controls the variable voltage source 9 so that the output voltage of the variable voltage source 9 is smaller than the voltage of the storage element 10.
- the variable voltage source 9 is driven and controlled so as to adjust the difference between the DC power line 1 and the output voltage of the power storage element 10 to generate a fluctuation amount (over / under) voltage in the variable voltage source 9. Power supply to the line 1 can be performed stably.
- the small variable voltage source 9 capable of generating a DC voltage in the range of the difference between the DC power line 1 and the storage element 10 is mounted on the storage device 2, and the control circuit 25 determines the difference.
- the entire power storage device 2 including the variable voltage source 9 can be reduced in size while accommodating the voltage fluctuation and load fluctuation of the overhead line of the DC feeding system.
- the controllability of the power storage equipment can be improved while reducing the equipment introduction cost of the apparatus.
- the current of the interconnection reactor 4 can be controlled in accordance with the current command, and the power generated by the variable voltage source 9 at that time is the output point voltage. Since only the difference from the output voltage of the storage element 10 is required, the power capacity of the variable voltage source 9 can be reduced.
- the second embodiment includes a first circuit breaker 3, a semiconductor circuit breaker 5, a voltage detector 6, a variable voltage source 9, a contactor 11, a second circuit breaker 12, a fuse 13, 1 voltage detector 20, a storage element state detector 22 as a state detector, a diode 23, and the like.
- the first circuit breaker 3 is connected between the DC power line 1 and the power storage element 10, and the control circuit 25 controls the first circuit breaker 3 to be opened to separate the DC power line 1 and the power storage element 10.
- the voltage detector 6 detects the output terminal voltage of the power storage device 2.
- the first voltage detector 20 detects the voltage on the DC electric line 1 side.
- the second circuit breaker 12 is connected to a circuit between the storage element 10 and the variable voltage source 9.
- the fuse 13 is connected between the second circuit breaker 12 and the storage element 10. Although it is not essential to provide the fuse 13, it is preferable to provide it for further improving the safety of the circuit.
- Contactor 11 is connected to the negative electrode of power storage element 10. Although it is not essential to provide the contactor 11, it is preferable to provide the contactor 11 similarly to the fuse 13.
- the storage element state detection unit 22 detects the state (charge rate (SOC), temperature, etc.) of the storage element 10.
- the control circuit 25 drives and controls the variable voltage source 9 according to the SOC and temperature state of the electricity storage element 10 detected by the electricity storage element state detection unit 22.
- the generated voltage of the variable voltage source 9 is suppressed in the direction of decreasing the SOC or temperature.
- the first voltage detector 20 detects the voltage of the DC power line 1 (the voltage between the positive electrode 1a and the negative electrode 1b).
- the diode 23 has a cathode end connected to a circuit between the interconnection reactor 4 and the variable voltage source 9, and an anode end connected to a circuit on the negative electrode side of the storage element 10. That is, the diode 23 is installed between the electrodes of the electricity storage element 10.
- this diode 23 between the electrodes of the storage element 10, it is possible to suppress an increase in the voltage of the capacitor in the third circuit 21, and to protect the circuit from an overvoltage during a ground fault.
- a diode 23 and a resistance element connected in series to the diode 23 may be connected.
- the voltage detector 6 is connected between the first circuit breaker 3 and the storage element 10 and detects the voltage on the storage element 10 side between the first circuit breaker 3 and the storage element 10.
- the variable voltage source 9 includes a first current detector 17, a second voltage detector 8, a plurality of first circuits 14 connected to the positive electrode side of the DC power line 1, and a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel with the storage element 10.
- the second circuit 16 and the transformer 15 are provided.
- variable voltage source 9 is connected in series to the power storage element 10, and the control circuit 25 variably controls the voltage output from the variable voltage source 9, thereby controlling the current flowing to the DC power line 1 side.
- Each first circuit 14 is provided with a plurality of third circuits 21 connected to the transformer 15 connected in parallel.
- the third circuit 21 includes a switching element, a capacitor, a reactor 18 and the like.
- the third circuit 21 is a single-phase full bridge circuit, and for example, an IGBT element is used.
- the elements constituting the bridge circuit are not limited to IGBT elements, and may be MOSFETs, for example.
- the third circuit 21 is connected to the transformer 15 via the reactor 18.
- the configuration of the third circuit 21 is the same as that of the second circuit 16.
- the circuit on the DC electric line 1 side of the third circuit 21 is provided with a full bridge circuit capable of generating a negative voltage.
- the interconnection reactor 4 constitutes an LC filter circuit with capacitors in the third circuit 21 and the second circuit 16 to suppress harmonics.
- the second voltage detector 8 detects the voltage output from the storage element 10.
- the control circuit 25 changes the generated voltage of the variable voltage source 9 so that the output voltage of the storage element 10 detected by the second voltage detector 8 reaches a predetermined charge / discharge voltage threshold value set or designated in advance. The charging / discharging of the electricity storage element 10 is controlled.
- the control circuit 25 drives and controls the variable voltage source 9 so that the output voltage of the variable voltage source 9 is smaller than the voltage of the storage element 10 detected by the second voltage detector 8.
- the first current detector 17 detects the current flowing through the storage element 10.
- the control circuit 25 adjusts the output voltage of the variable voltage source 9 in accordance with the current detected by the first current detector 17 and controls the current.
- the control circuit 25 drives and controls the variable voltage source 9 so as to suppress the current. It is possible to prevent fusing and the opening of the second circuit breaker 12, and the power storage device 2 as a whole can stably operate stably.
- the output voltage of the variable voltage source 9 is varied so that the control circuit 25 uses the temperature and SOC of the storage element 10 detected by the storage element state detection unit 22 to suppress the current flowing through the storage element 10. Specifically, when the detected state (for example, temperature) of the storage element 10 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the control circuit 25 performs drive control so as to narrow the generated voltage of the variable voltage source 9.
- control circuit 25 drives and controls the variable voltage source 9 according to the SOC of the storage element 10 detected by the storage element state detection unit 22. Specifically, when the detected SOC of the storage element 10 exceeds a predetermined threshold (for example, 90%), the control circuit 25 performs drive control so as to narrow down the generated voltage of the variable voltage source 9.
- a predetermined threshold for example, 90%
- the current can be narrowed down according to the control value of the SOC and the temperature of the power storage element 10, and the power storage element 10 can be protected from overtemperature (overheating).
- a short circuit may occur in the DC electric line 1 depending on the inductance of the interconnection reactor 4 and the capacity of the storage element 10.
- the second current detector 24 detects the rate of time change of the current flowing through the DC power line 1 and trips the circuit breaker 3 so as to be interrupted.
- a semiconductor circuit breaker 5 may be installed to interrupt a current flowing in a circuit to which the semiconductor circuit breaker 5 is connected. Since the semiconductor circuit breaker 5 can be cut off at a higher speed, an accident current can be suppressed.
- a capacitor 19 is installed between the positive side of the DC power line 1 to which the variable voltage source 9 is connected and the negative side of the storage element 10, and the short circuit current flowing to the first circuit breaker 3 is increased by the current flowing from the capacitor 19.
- the first circuit breaker 3 may be automatically shut off by overcurrent.
- the current flowing through the circuit can be interrupted by the semiconductor circuit breaker 5. Further, by opening and closing mechanical circuit breakers such as the first circuit breaker 3 and the second circuit breaker 12 after the operation of the semiconductor circuit breaker 5, the contactor 11 can be operated without interrupting the current. There is also a merit that the electrode contact of this becomes difficult to be rough.
- variable voltage source 9 if the switching operation of the variable voltage source 9 is always performed, the loss of the variable voltage source 9 increases. Therefore, when charging / discharging is unnecessary, it is necessary to stop the switching operation of the variable voltage source 9.
- the control circuit 25 when the voltage of the DC power line 1 becomes lower than the voltage of the storage element 10, the control circuit 25 applies a negative voltage to the variable voltage source 9 connected in series to the storage element 10.
- the variable voltage source 9 has a negative voltage. It becomes possible to control the current flowing through the DC electric wire line 1 by generating.
- the flow of current in the uncontrolled state is synonymous with the fact that the current flowing through the storage element 10 cannot be controlled, and as described above, the fusing of the fuse 13 connected to the storage element 10 and the trip of the second circuit breaker 12 are suppressed. Is possible.
- the voltage of the power storage element 10 In order to prevent such an uncontrolled state in a conventional power storage facility, the voltage of the power storage element 10 must be set lower than the lowest voltage that can be generated in the DC power line 1, and the power storage element 10 must be set to a low voltage. I could n’t. For this reason, in order to discharge with respect to the DC electric line 1, a high current booster circuit is required, and as a result, charging and discharging in a steady state where the voltage of the DC electric line 1 is high is naturally required. Was necessary and the equipment was upsized.
- the charge / discharge circuit can be reduced in size by charging / discharging using the storage element 10 having a high voltage.
- the ratio between the voltage of the storage element 10 and the output voltage of the variable voltage source 9 is set so that the variable voltage source 9 outputs a voltage lower than the voltage of the storage element 10 It is desirable to do.
- the control circuit 25 disconnects the DC voltage line 1 side and the variable voltage source 9 by turning off the semiconductor circuit breaker 5, thereby interrupting the current flow.
- the switching operation of the variable voltage source 9 is stopped by controlling the driving of the variable voltage source 9 so that the driving of the variable voltage source 9 is stopped.
- Conditions for stopping the switching operation of the variable voltage source 9 include current and voltage.
- the control circuit 25 outputs the storage element 10 detected by the current detector 24 to the DC power line 1 when the detected value of the current output from the storage element 10 detected by the current detector 17 falls within a predetermined range. When the current falls within a predetermined range, or when the voltage of the storage element 10 detected by the voltage detector 8 falls within the predetermined range, the driving of the variable voltage source 9 is stopped.
- variable voltage source 9 is provided with a load state detection unit 28.
- the load state detection unit 28 monitors the temperature of the elements constituting the variable voltage source 9 and the current / voltage output from the variable voltage source 9 to determine the load state (operating state). Information regarding this load state is output to the control circuit 25.
- the control circuit 25 performs drive control so that the voltage output from the variable voltage source 9 is changed according to a predetermined threshold value of the load state.
- the control circuit 25 turns off at least one of the semiconductor circuit breaker 5 and the circuit breaker 3 when the time change rate of the current detected by the current detectors 17 and 24 exceeds a predetermined value.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker 5 has a function of controlling current in three directions of one-way, two-way and break-off by connecting two semiconductor switches (semiconductor switch 51 and semiconductor switch 52) oppositely as shown in FIG.
- the control circuit 25 switches the element to be operated according to the direction of the charge current / discharge current of the power storage element 10.
- the semiconductor switch 52 is turned on and the semiconductor switch 51 is turned off. Conversely, during discharge, the semiconductor switch 51 is turned on and the semiconductor switch 52 is turned off.
- the semiconductor switches 51 and 52 By causing the semiconductor switches 51 and 52 to perform such an operation, for example, during charging, the voltage of the variable voltage source 9 is added to the voltage on the variable voltage source 9 side of the semiconductor circuit breaker 5, that is, the voltage of the storage element 10. If the voltage of the DC power line 1 is higher than the voltage, a charging current flows through the storage element 10.
- the control circuit 25 makes the voltage on the power storage element 10 side higher than the DC power line 1 by driving control of the variable voltage source 9, and releases the energy accumulated in the power storage element 10 to the DC power line 1. At this time, the control circuit 25 turns on the semiconductor switch 51 and turns off the semiconductor switch 52. As a result, a current from the power storage device 2 flows through the DC electric line 1.
- the semiconductor circuit breaker 5 is used for charge / discharge control.
- a circuit configuration in which a load such as a resistor is connected in series to the diode 23 may be configured so that the energy accumulated in the interconnection reactor 4 is consumed by the resistor.
- an IGBT element or a MOSFET can be applied as the switching element of the variable voltage source 9.
- an SiC device may be used to reduce the loss and the size of the insulating transformer.
- the control circuit 25 outputs a charge / discharge command to the variable voltage source 9 based on the state of the storage element 10 (temperature of the storage element, SOC) and the voltage of the DC power line 1, and performs voltage control / current control of the variable voltage source 9. Do.
- the control circuit 25 gives a voltage command to be output by the storage element 10 according to the state of the storage element 10, for example, the SOC. As this voltage command, for example, different voltage commands for discharging and charging may be continuously given.
- the control circuit 25 may control the current or power to be output from the storage element 10 based on the voltage of the DC power line 1 and the SOC of the storage element 10.
- control circuit 25 is installed outside the variable voltage source 9.
- control circuit 25 may be installed inside the variable voltage source 9, and the functions of the control circuit 25 function as a charge / discharge command unit and a converter. It may be divided into the control unit, and the charge / discharge command unit may be installed outside the variable voltage source 9 and the converter control unit may be installed inside the variable voltage source 9.
- a narrowing control command for narrowing down the current of the storage element 10 may be given from the control circuit 25.
- the power storage element 10 can be used without being excessively deteriorated.
- the driving (switching operation) of the variable voltage source 9 is stopped to suppress the loss of the variable voltage source 9. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the size of a separately provided cooler (not shown) with a low heat dissipation capability.
- circuit comprised by the 2nd circuit 16, the 3rd circuit 21, and the transformer 15 in this embodiment is comprised using the LC resonance circuit comprised by the reactor L and the capacitor
- the variable voltage source 9 only the output voltage of the variable voltage source 9 added to the voltage of the storage element 10 (the difference voltage between the voltage of the DC power line 1 and the voltage of the storage element 10) is variable.
- the voltage source 9 only needs to generate power (output charge / discharge power), the variable voltage source 9 having a small rating can be used, and a charge / discharge circuit reduced in size compared with a general boost chopper method is configured. Can do.
- variable voltage source 9 such as an inverter required for charging / discharging the storage element 10 is reduced in size, and at the same time, the noise of the storage element 10 is reduced, and is required as a storage power supply facility even after a ground fault on the DC feeder side. Driving continuity can be provided.
- a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 3rd Embodiment is a structure for respond
- the third embodiment includes a capacitor 19, a voltage detector 30, a third circuit breaker 31, a voltage dividing resistor 32, and a reactor 34.
- the capacitor 19 is installed between the electrodes of the electricity storage element 10 in the same manner as the diode 23.
- Capacitor 19 has one end connected to the circuit between interconnection reactor 4 and variable voltage source 9 and the other end connected to the circuit on the negative electrode side of power storage element 10.
- condenser 19 is connected between the poles of the electrical storage element 10, and the interconnection reactor 4 and LC filter are comprised, and the harmonic is suppressed.
- the LC filter is configured to suppress harmonics. Therefore, since the fuse 13 having a low rating can be used, it is possible to contribute to downsizing and cost reduction of the apparatus.
- Two voltage detectors 30 are provided between the positive electrode 1 a and the negative electrode 1 b of the DC electric line 1, and a ground point 30 a is provided between the voltage detectors 30.
- the voltage detector 30 detects the potential of each pole from the ground point 30a.
- the potential between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the DC power line 1 may be directly measured without grounding.
- the voltage dividing resistor 32 divides the output voltage of the power storage device 2 and grounds the voltage dividing point 32a.
- the third circuit breaker 31 is connected to the negative electrode side of the DC power line 1.
- Reactor 34 is connected to a circuit between the negative electrode side of DC electric line 1 and the negative electrode side of power storage element 10.
- the reactor 34 is the same as the interconnected reactor 4 installed on the positive electrode side.
- the voltage detector 30 detects the voltage divided by the voltage dividing resistor 32 and notifies the control circuit 25 of the detected voltage. Since the circuit 25 controls the third circuit breaker 31 and interrupts the circuit on the negative electrode side of the DC power line 1, the circuit can be normally disconnected when an overcurrent flows.
- the control circuit 25 turns off the third circuit breaker 31 when the time change rate of the current detected by the current detectors 17 and 24 exceeds a predetermined value.
- the negative electrode side potential of the DC power line 1 is lower than the ground voltage, it is possible to cope without using the semiconductor circuit breaker.
- circuit comprised by the 2nd circuit 16, the 3rd circuit 21, and the transformer 15 in this embodiment is comprised using the LC resonance circuit comprised by the reactor L and the capacitor
- the fourth embodiment includes a second power supply 26.
- the second power supply 26 is connected to the third circuit 21 via the transformer 15. In this case, by supplying power from the second power source 26 to the variable voltage source 9, the variable voltage source 9 generates power to be input / output to / from the DC power line 1.
- the third circuit 21 is a three-phase inverter circuit, and the transformer 15 and the second power source 26 are also three-phase. By using three phases instead of a single phase in this way, it is possible to suppress the ripple of the capacitor in the third circuit 21, thereby reducing the capacitance of the capacitor and allowing the variable voltage source 9 to be connected to the DC power line 1 side. The outputable DC voltage can be increased, and a small circuit can be realized.
- the third circuit 21 used in this example is a circuit that can be reversely converted, and the regenerative power to the AC power source is the regenerative power to the power storage device 2 from the DC power line 1 to the input power to the power storage device 2. Since it is added, the maximum regeneration capacity can be increased. As a result, in applications where the device rating is determined by the magnitude of regenerative power, it is possible to contribute to downsizing of the device.
- the power supply to be supplied to the variable voltage source 9 that generates a DC voltage is taken from the external second power supply 26 by a three-phase AC, so that the device rating is determined by the magnitude of the regenerative power. In applications, it can contribute to miniaturization of the device.
- the control circuit 25 drives and controls the variable voltage source 9 according to the current detected by the current detector 24.
- the variable voltage source 9 is also considered in consideration of factors other than the current. May be driven and controlled. An example will be described below.
- the control circuit 25 of the first example includes a subtractor 41 and a proportional-plus-integral controller 42 (hereinafter referred to as “PI controller 42”), as shown in FIG.
- the subtractor 41 takes the difference between the current command S1 input from a host system (not shown) or the like and the detected current S2 detected by the current detector 24, and outputs a current deviation signal S3 to the PI 42.
- the power command is converted into the current command S1 by dividing the voltage at the output point.
- the PI controller 42 generates a variable voltage command S4 using the input current deviation signal S3 and outputs it to the variable voltage source 9.
- a proportional integral controller 42 is used here, a proportional integral derivative controller (PID controller) may be used.
- control circuit 25 of the second example includes a subtractor 41, a proportional controller 43 (hereinafter referred to as “P controller 43”), an adder 44, and a subtractor 45.
- P controller 43 a proportional controller 43
- adder 44 a subtractor 45.
- the subtractor 41 takes the difference between the current command S1 input from a host system (not shown) or the like and the detected current S2 detected by the current detector 24, and outputs a current deviation signal S3 to the P controller 43.
- the P controller 43 generates a current deviation signal S5 by multiplying the input current deviation signal S3 by a preset gain, and outputs the current deviation signal S5 to the adder 44.
- the adder 44 adds the input current deviation signal S5 and the output voltage of the power storage device 2 as a whole (hereinafter referred to as “output point voltage V1”) detected by the voltage detector 6 to obtain the first signal S6. Generate and output to the subtractor 45.
- the subtracter 45 takes the difference between the input first signal S6 and the output voltage V2 of the storage element 10 detected by the second voltage detector 8 to generate a variable voltage command S4 and output it to the variable voltage source 9. To do.
- variable voltage source 9 is driven and controlled in consideration of the output voltage V2, and the variable voltage source 9 can be controlled with higher accuracy. In addition, circuit output instability that occurs during initial operation can be eliminated.
- control circuit 25 as in the fifth embodiment is applicable not only to the first embodiment but also to other second to fourth embodiments.
- the DC electric line 1 is assumed to be, for example, a feeder line and a rail of a DC electric railway, but the DC electric line 1 of the DC electric railway is not limited to such a configuration. In some cases, the return current does not flow through the rail, but a return-only rail is provided separately from the rail, and the return current flows through the return-only rail.
- the DC electric line 1 may be, for example, a DC bus line in which a plurality of photovoltaic power generation elements are connected in parallel. The DC electric line 1 includes these lines.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 Each embodiment described in FIGS. 1 to 4 is an example in which the negative electrode of the electricity storage element 10 is connected to the negative electrode 1 b side of the DC electric line 1, but the positive electrode side of the electric storage element 10 is connected to the positive electrode side of the DC electric line 1.
- the negative electrode side of the variable voltage source 9 may be connected to the negative electrode side of the DC electric wire line 1.
- the breakdown voltage between the terminal of the element used for the variable voltage source 9 and the ground can be reduced.
- the withstand voltage between the terminal of the element and the ground cannot be withstood, it is necessary to insulate each cooling fin for cooling the element and to float the potential from the ground, but the potential on the variable voltage source 9 side is set to the ground potential. By approaching, it is not necessary to float the cooling fin, and the variable voltage source 9 including the cooling fin can be downsized.
- variable voltage source 9 is connected by connecting the positive electrode side of the electric storage element 10 to the positive electrode side of the DC electric line 1 and connecting the negative electrode side of the variable voltage source 9 to the negative electrode side of the DC electric line 1.
- the breakdown voltage between the terminal and the ground of the element used in the above can be reduced.
- the facility for connecting the storage element 10 to the DC electric line 1 is reduced in size and noise, and the operation is continued even after the occurrence of a ground fault in the DC electric line 1. It is possible to realize the power storage device 2 that can
- 2nd current detector 25 ... control circuit, 26 ... 2nd power supply, 30 ... 1st voltage detector, 30a ... grounding point, 31 ... 3rd circuit breaker, 32 ... voltage dividing resistor, 34 ... reactor 41 ... Subtractor, 42 ... Proportional integral controller (PI controller), 43 ... Proportional control (P controller), 44 ... adder, 45 ... subtractor, 51, 52 ... semiconductor switch.
- PI controller Proportional integral controller
- P controller Proportional control
- adder 45 ... subtractor, 51, 52 ... semiconductor switch.
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Abstract
Description
(第1実施形態)
図1を参照して一つの実施の形態の蓄電装置を説明する。
直流電気鉄道の電力供給システムである直流き電システムは送電線として架線とレールと電車などの車両(図示せず)で直流電線路1を構成している。この直流電線路1において、架線は正極側電位の電線路であり、第1の極としての正極1aである。レールは負極側電位の電線路であり、第2の極としての負極1bである。
以下、図2~図5を参照して上記第1実施形態を具現化した第2乃至第6実施形態を説明する。まず図2を参照して第2実施形態を説明する。なおこの第2実施形態以降において、第1実施形態と同じ構成には同一の符号を付しその説明は省略する。
図2に示すように、第2実施形態は、第1の遮断器3、半導体遮断器5、電圧検出器6、可変電圧源9、接触器11、第2の遮断器12、ヒューズ13、第1の電圧検出器20、状態検出部としての蓄電素子状態検出部22、ダイオード23などを有する。
制御回路25は蓄電素子10の状態(蓄電素子の温度、SOC)と直流電線路1の電圧に基づいて可変電圧源9に充放電の指令を出力し、可変電圧源9の電圧制御・電流制御を行う。
図3を参照して第3実施形態を説明する。第3実施形態は直流電線路1の負極側電位が対地電圧よりも低い場合に対応するための構成である。具体的には、図3に示す回路の中で直流電線路1の負極側の電線路1bの電位が対地電位よりも低い場合である。
図4を参照して第4実施形態を説明する。第4実施形態は第2の電源26を備える。第2の電源26は第3の回路21と変圧器15を介して接続されている。この場合、第2の電源26から可変電圧源9へ電力を供給することで、可変電圧源9が直流電線路1側に入出力する電力を発生するようにしている。
図1に示した蓄電装置2の回路構成では、制御回路25は電流検知器24により検知された電流に応じて可変電圧源9を駆動制御したが、電流以外の要素も考慮し可変電圧源9を駆動制御してもよい。以下にその例を説明する。
図1から図4に示した各実施形態では、直流電線路1を例えば直流電気鉄道のき電線とレールと想定したが、直流電気鉄道の直流電線路1は、このような構成だけとは限らず、帰線電流がレールを流れるのでなくレールとは別に帰線専用レールを設け、帰線専用レールに帰線電流が流れる場合もある。この他、直流電線路1は例えば太陽光発電の素子が複数並列に接続された直流母線である場合もあり、直流電線路1はこれらの線路を含むものである。
なお、メガソーラー等の太陽光発電システムの直流送電路に、上述した蓄電装置を設置(接続)して利用するようにしてもよい。
Claims (20)
- 第1の極および第2の極を有する直流電線路に接続され、前記直流電線路への充放電が可能な蓄電素子と、
前記直流電線路の第1の極と前記蓄電素子の正極との間に直列に接続され、前記直流電線路と前記蓄電素子との差分の範囲の直流電圧を発生可能な可変電圧源と、
前記直流電線路の第1の極と前記可変電圧源との間に接続された連系リアクトルと、
前記連系リアクトルに流れる電流を検出する電流検出器と、
前記電流検出器により検出される電流を用いて、回路全体の出力電圧と前記充電素子の出力電圧との差分を調整するように前記可変電圧源を駆動制御する制御回路と
を具備する蓄電装置。 - 前記可変電圧源の負荷状態を監視する負荷状態検出部を有し、
前記制御回路は、
前記負荷状態検出部により検出された前記可変電圧源の負荷状態に応じて前記可変電圧源を駆動制御する請求項1記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記蓄電素子に流れる電流が一定値以下になるように前記可変電圧源を駆動制御する請求項1または請求項2いずれか記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記直流電線路の電圧が前記蓄電素子の電圧より大きくなったときに、負の電圧を発生するよう前記可変電圧源を駆動制御する請求項1乃至請求項3いずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記蓄電素子の電圧よりも前記可変電圧源の出力電圧が小さくなるように前記可変電圧源を駆動制御する請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
検出された前記蓄電素子の状態が所定の閾値を超えた場合、前記蓄電素子に流れる電流を抑制するよう前記可変電圧源を駆動制御する請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
上位システムから電力指令を受けとり、この電力指令に基づいた駆動制御により前記可変電圧源の発生電圧を変化させて前記蓄電素子の充放電を制御する請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記蓄電素子の状態と前記直流電線路の電圧に基づき前記可変電圧源に充放電指令に出力し、前記蓄電素子と前記可変電圧源による電圧が前記充放電指令に一致するように制御する請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記可変電圧源が、前記蓄電素子を電源として前記直流電線路に電力を供給するように駆動制御する請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記直流電線路の電圧に応じて放電・充電を行うとともに、検出された前記蓄電素子の充電率に応じて、蓄電装置が充電を開始する前記直流電線路の電圧閾値、放電を開始する前記直流電線路の電圧閾値を変化させる請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか1項記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記電流検出部により検出される前記蓄電素子が出力する電流の検出値が所定範囲内になったとき、または前記電流検出部により検出される前記蓄電素子と前記可変電圧源が直流電線路に出力する電流が所定範囲内になったとき、もしくは前記蓄電素子の電圧が所定範囲内になったとき、前記可変電圧源の駆動を停止する請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
検出された前記蓄電素子の温度に応じて前記可変電圧源を駆動制御する請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記可変電圧源にIGBT素子またはMOSFETを用いた請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記直流電線路の第2の極と前記蓄電素子の負極との間に接続された遮断器を備える請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記直流電線路の第1の極と前記可変電圧源との間に接続され、前記制御回路からの制御により、正方向または逆方向に電流を流し、かつ電流の流れを遮断することが可能な半導体遮断器を具備する請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記制御回路は、
前記半導体遮断器をオフすると前記可変電圧源の駆動を停止するよう前記可変電圧源を駆動制御する請求項15記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記回路全体の出力電圧が所定の閾値を超えたとき、前記半導体遮断器をオフする請求項15または請求項16に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
前記電流検出部により検出される電流の時間変化率が所定値を超えたときに、前記半導体遮断器をオフする請求項15乃至請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。 - 前記連系リアクトルと前記可変電圧源との間の回路にカソード端を接続し前記蓄電素子の負極側の回路にアノード端を接続したダイオード、または前記ダイオードとこのダイオードに直列に接続された抵抗器とを具備する請求項1乃至請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。
- 前記連系リアクトルと前記可変電圧源との間の回路に一端を、前記蓄電素子の負極側の回路に他端を接続したコンデンサを備える請求項1乃至19のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電装置。
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JP2020108328A (ja) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電力変換装置および電力変換装置における電流制御方法 |
JP7502016B2 (ja) | 2018-12-27 | 2024-06-18 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電力変換装置および電力変換装置における電流制御方法 |
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SG11201706932WA (en) | 2017-10-30 |
JP6407775B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
RU2678826C1 (ru) | 2019-02-04 |
CA2978837A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
CN107431365A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
CN107431365B (zh) | 2020-08-18 |
CA2978837C (en) | 2019-11-26 |
EP3270482A1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
BR112017018575B1 (pt) | 2022-11-16 |
EP3270482B1 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
BR112017018575A2 (ja) | 2018-04-24 |
EP3270482A4 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
JP2016171711A (ja) | 2016-09-23 |
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