WO2016141770A1 - 地下水自然回灌的硬路面施工方法 - Google Patents

地下水自然回灌的硬路面施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016141770A1
WO2016141770A1 PCT/CN2016/000121 CN2016000121W WO2016141770A1 WO 2016141770 A1 WO2016141770 A1 WO 2016141770A1 CN 2016000121 W CN2016000121 W CN 2016000121W WO 2016141770 A1 WO2016141770 A1 WO 2016141770A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sand
hole
layer
water
construction method
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PCT/CN2016/000121
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周太泽
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周太泽
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Priority to AU2016228704A priority Critical patent/AU2016228704B2/en
Application filed by 周太泽 filed Critical 周太泽
Priority to JP2017566183A priority patent/JP6574856B2/ja
Priority to KR1020177027454A priority patent/KR20170128382A/ko
Priority to CA2979084A priority patent/CA2979084A1/en
Priority to EA201700452A priority patent/EA201700452A1/ru
Priority to MX2017011636A priority patent/MX2017011636A/es
Priority to SG11201707214YA priority patent/SG11201707214YA/en
Priority to BR112017019339A priority patent/BR112017019339A2/pt
Priority to EP16760997.3A priority patent/EP3269879A4/en
Priority to UAA201709401A priority patent/UA118514C2/uk
Publication of WO2016141770A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016141770A1/zh
Priority to US15/697,450 priority patent/US10233595B2/en
Priority to PH12017501665A priority patent/PH12017501665A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
    • E01C5/08—Reinforced units with steel frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E01C11/226—Coherent pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/003—Pavings made of prefabricated single units characterised by material or composition used for beds or joints; characterised by the way of laying
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of bricks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/20—Drainage details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hard pavement construction method for natural recharge of groundwater whose base layer is impervious concrete, in particular, a natural water can be quickly recharged to an underground superficial sand belt, and then filtered through a clay layer.
  • a hard pavement construction method that penetrates into the underground deep-sand belt storage layer.
  • the solution to solve the technical problem of the present invention is: in the past industrial underdeveloped period, when the groundwater is abundant, several meters of underground wells are drilled to the superficial sand storage layer to obtain high quality groundwater.
  • drilling wells often have tens of meters and hundreds of meters of depth in order to obtain the ideal groundwater source.
  • the structure of the soil is distributed in the form of veins, several layers of various clay belts, and one layer of abrasive belts.
  • the abrasive belt is the best aquifer and the best diversion layer for water, so the source of water for drilling wells must be in the belt layer.
  • the specific plan is: orderly or disorderly drilling on the flat mud surface, to one of the appropriate depths in the underground or through a plurality of shallow sand belts, the water storage layer, the water layer that once stored or now contains water.
  • the thickness of the belt layer and the sand particles are sufficient to store water and conduct water.
  • the hole diameter is 5-100 cm, the hole spacing is 0.5-20 m, and the hole is filled with sand.
  • the size and depth of the hole are favorable for drainage and the cost is minimized. The larger the hole, the more labor is consumed, and the more sand needs to be filled.
  • the hole after drilling is filled with sand to the mud surface.
  • a round or arbitrary shape wooden rod or other material bar tool is used to insert the sand filling hole, and the concrete is poured and the rod tool is pulled out to form a flat surface.
  • a concrete foundation with holes in it. More drain holes are conducive to drainage of the pavement after completion.
  • the thickness of the concrete foundation layer can be determined according to the amount of gravity used on the road surface.
  • the hole is continuously sanded to the plane of the concrete foundation layer, and a sand layer of 2-30 cm thickness is laid on the concrete foundation layer.
  • the sand layer acts to absorb water, guide water and absorb the pressure of the pavement brick.
  • the thickness can be determined according to the rainfall. The single rainfall is large, the rainfall is frequent, and the thickness of the sand layer is relatively large.
  • the orderly or disorderly non-bonding of pavement bricks is directly arranged on the surface of the sand layer to form a hard pavement.
  • the gap of the pavement brick is 1-50 mm, the gap is filled with sand, the water is densely packed, and the hard paved rain and snow water passes through the crack of the pavement brick.
  • the hole is naturally reclaimed into the shallow shallow sand storage layer.
  • the natural rain and snow water is quickly and temporarily stored through the shallow superficial layer or multi-layered sand belt, and then slowly penetrates into the deep sand belt reservoir through the clay layer to replenish the groundwater. source.
  • a drainage trough 1-5 cm lower than the pavement brick is made, and the water that cannot be quickly and naturally recharged into the shallow superficial sand storage layer is discharged into the rainwater well to facilitate the precipitation. If the drain hole cannot meet the drainage, use it as a backup drainage channel.
  • the invention has the advantages of ensuring the road carrying capacity, and the natural precipitation is quickly recharged to the shallow shallow sand storage layer, and then slowly penetrates into the underground deep sand storage layer through the natural filtration of the soil layer.
  • the large-area use of the construction method of the present invention to construct urban and rural hard pavements will effectively solve the important environmental problems of natural groundwater recharge and slow down urban settlement, and also avoid the groundwater pollution caused by artificial direct recharge of underground deep water layers.
  • the invention does not need to make prefabricated components, reduces labor loss and energy consumption, and the innovative mode of urban and rural hard road construction with high efficiency, low cost, environmental protection and energy saving is to conform to nature and realize the best construction mode of sponge city.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a hole formed in a well-formed mud land and filled with sand.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the hole filling sand and inserting the rod tool.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the foundation layer of the poured concrete.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the bar-removing tool and the hole-filling sand.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the concrete base layer sanding.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view showing paving bricks, calculus, and drainage grooves.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the pavement brick to the groundwater layer.
  • a hole (2) is drilled into the ground in a flat mud surface (1), filled with sand (3), and a rod-shaped tool (4) is inserted.
  • the concrete foundation layer (5) is laid flat (3), the water is densely packed, and the pavement bricks (7) are arranged in a horizontal plane, and the pavement bricks between the pavement bricks (7) are 6) Filled with sand (3), the water is compacted to form a hard road surface.
  • the hard pavement edge is fixed with concrete (8), sand (3) and pavement (7), and the inner side of the calculus (8) has a drainage trough (9), which can discharge super-leakage water into the rainwater.
  • the hard road rainwater is rapidly infiltrated by the pavement brick gap (6) between the pavement bricks (7) through the holes (2) to the superficial soil layer (11) and the superficial sandstone reservoir layer (12).
  • the vent is filtered through the clay layer (13) and slowly oozes into the deep sand reservoir (14).

Abstract

一种地下水自然回灌的硬路面施工方法，在平整好的泥土地面（1）上钻孔至地下浅表砂带储水层（12），将孔洞（2）填沙，使用棒状工具（4）插入填沙后的孔洞（2），浇注混凝土形成一个表面平整的混凝土基础层（5），拔除棒状工具（4），将孔洞（2）继续填沙至混凝土基础层（5）平面，混凝土基础层（5）上铺沙密实后，将路面砖（7）无粘结直接排列在沙面上形成硬路面，硬路面雨雪水通过路面砖缝隙（6）经孔洞（2）快速自然回灌至地下浅表砂带储水层（12），再缓慢渗透至地下深砂带储水层（14）。

Description

地下水自然回灌的硬路面施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基础层为不透水混凝土的地下水自然回灌的硬路面施工方法，尤其是一种能够使自然降水快速回灌至地下浅表砂带可储水层，进而通过粘土层自然过滤渗透至地下深砂带储水层的硬路面施工方法。
技术背景
目前公知的城市道路、广场、居民区硬路面施工方法，大多使用混凝土浇注粘结，地表水与地下水完全隔绝；也有采用混凝土浇注预留渗水孔洞，使路面水可以通过孔洞缓慢渗透到地表土层，但渗水效果极差，雨水自然回灌率极低，稍大的降雨便会使路面积水，无法使自然水快速回灌地下；也有使用透水混凝土、透水沥青施工，但透水性保持时间不长，大多施工后数月便出现透水孔堵塞现象，且施工成本高昂；还有使用透水水泥砖铺设，由于颗粒粗，粘结牢度差，承受压力小，很容易碎裂，且由于基础处理的封闭性，透水水泥砖吸水能力有限，遇较大雨水仍然产生积水。类似城市道路、广场、居民区硬路面这种大面积路面的积水问题，依然是世界性难题。尤其重要的是，地下水位日渐下降，水在泥土中的骨架作用逐渐丧失。为了使城市地下具有海绵般吸水功能，现有技术以挖坑布塘、地下储水工程等的方式，建设成本极高，浪费国土资源，且往往形成死水塘，维护成本高，但环境美化度低，甚至成为影响环境的臭水沟。
发明内容
为了实现城市道路、广场、居民区等大面积硬路面雨天无积水，自然降水能够快速回灌至地下浅表砂带可储水层，通过粘土层的自然过滤渗透至地下深砂带储水层，有效的补充地下水，同时避免因人工直接回灌地下深水层所造成地下水污染问题；实现路面不但满足行人行走，还能满足汽车等重型交通工具地行驶、停泊；真正意义上快速、廉价、高效的实现“海绵城市”，使混凝土下的城乡大地具有山河湖海、旷野森林的自然水地下回灌效应。本发明提供一种地下水自然回灌的硬路面施工方法。
本发明解决其技术问题的方案是：以往工业欠发达时期，当地下水充沛，往地下打井数米到达浅表砂带储水层，取得优质地下水。而如今，特别是城市，打井往往得有几十米、几百米深度，才能取得理想的地下水水源。从地面往地下，土壤的结构系脉带状分布，几层各类粘土带，一层砂带。砂带是最佳蓄水层又是水的最佳导流层，所以打井的取水源头必须在砂带层。随着地下水源枯竭，为了取水而穿越一条又一条的砂带往地下纵深挖掘。根据这个道理，地面的自然降水，可以通过孔洞填沙的方面，导流到地下浅表砂带层，排水速度快，建设成本低，合理引导加速地下水自然渗透回灌。这是本发明解决硬路面排水以及地下水自然回灌的核心内容和技术创新。具体方案是：在平整好的泥土地面上有序或者无序地钻孔，至地下合适深度的一个或者穿越多个浅表砂带可储水层，曾经储水或者现在还含水的砂带层，砂带层的厚度、砂颗粒足以储水、导水。钻孔孔径5-100厘米，孔距0.5-20米，将孔洞填沙。孔洞的大小、深浅以有利于排水且成本最小化为宜，孔越大，消耗的人工越多，需要填充的沙子也越多。钻孔后的孔洞填沙至泥土地面，在孔洞填沙的基础上，使用圆形或者任意形状木棒或者其它材质棒状工具插入填沙的孔洞，浇注混凝土后拔除棒状工具，形成一个表面平整的混凝土基础层，上面分布着孔洞。多一些泄水孔，有利于竣工后路面的排水。混凝土基础层的厚度，可根据路面使用承载重力大小决定。将孔洞继续填沙至混凝土基础层平面，并在混凝土基础层上铺沙2-30厘米厚度的沙层。沙层起吸水、导水和吸收路面砖压力作用，其厚度可根据降雨量而定，单次降雨量大、降雨频繁的，沙层厚度相对大些。将路面砖有序或者无序的无粘结直接排列在沙层表面上形成硬路面，路面砖的缝隙为1-50毫米，缝隙填沙，注水密实，硬路面雨雪水通过路面砖缝隙经孔洞自然回灌至地下浅表砂带储水层，自然雨雪水经过地下浅表一层或者多层砂带快速临时储存，再缓慢的经过黏土层渗透至深砂带储水层，补充地下水源。在硬路面边缘使用牙石固定混凝土基础层、沙、路面砖，使之无法自然位移、 流失。在硬路面边缘的牙石内侧制作低于路面砖1-5厘米的排水槽，将无法快速自然回灌至地下浅表砂带储水层的积水排入雨水井，以利于降水量偏大时，泄水孔无法满足排水的情况下，作为备用排水渠道。
本发明的效益在于确保道路承载能力基础上，自然降水快速回灌至地下浅表砂带储水层，进而通过土层自然过滤缓慢渗透至地下深砂带储水层。大面积使用本发明施工方法建设城乡硬路面，将有效解决地下水自然回灌、减缓城市沉降的重要环保难题，还可以避免因人工直接回灌地下深水层所造成地下水污染问题。同时，本发明无需制作预制构件，减少人工损耗与能源消耗，高效、低成本、环保节能的城乡硬路面建设的创新模式，是顺应大自然、实现海绵城市最佳建设模式。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是在平整好的泥土地面上钻孔形成孔洞并填沙俯视图。
图2是孔洞填沙、插入棒状工具俯视图。
图3是浇筑混凝土基础层俯视图。
图4是拔除棒状工具，孔洞填沙俯视图。
图5是混凝土基础层铺沙俯视图。
图6是铺设路面砖、牙石、排水槽俯视图。
图7是路面砖至地下水层结构剖面图。
图中：(1)、平整好的泥土地面，(2)、孔洞，(3)、沙，(4)、棒状工具，(5)、混凝土基础层，(6)、路面砖缝隙，(7)、路面砖，(8)、牙石，(9)、排水槽，(10)、雨水井，(11)、浅表泥土层，(12)、浅表砂带储水层，(13)、粘土层，(14)、深砂带储水层。
具体实施方式
在图1、2中，为最佳实施例：在平整好的泥土地面(1)往地下钻孔形成孔洞(2)，填充沙(3)，插入棒状工具(4)。
图3、4可见，浇注混凝土后，形成混凝土基础层(5)，拔除棒状工具(4)，形成孔洞(2)，填充沙(3)，注水密实。
图5、6中，在混凝土基础层(5)平面铺沙(3)，注水密实，在一个水平面上有序的摆放路面砖(7)，路面砖(7)之间的路面砖缝隙(6)用沙(3)填充，注水密实，形成硬路面。硬路面边缘以牙石(8)固定混凝土基础层(5)、沙(3)和路面砖(7)，牙石(8)内侧有排水槽(9)，可将超渗泄能力积水排入雨水井(10)。
图7中可见，硬路面雨水经路面砖(7)之间的路面砖缝隙(6)，通过孔洞(2)向浅表泥土层(11)和浅表砂带储水层(12)快速渗泄，经过粘土层(13)过滤，缓慢的渗泄到深砂带储水层(14)。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种地下水自然回灌的硬路面施工方法，其特征是在平整好的泥土地面上钻孔至地下浅表砂带可储水层，将孔洞填沙至泥土地面，使用棒状工具插入填沙后的孔洞，浇注混凝土形成一个表面平整的混凝土基础层，拔除棒状工具，将孔洞继续填沙至混凝土基础层平面，混凝土基础层上铺沙密实后，将路面砖排列在沙面上形成硬路面，硬路面雨水通过路面砖缝隙经孔洞快速的自然回灌至地下浅表砂带可储水层，再缓慢的渗透至地下深砂带储水层。
  2. 权利要求1所述施工方法，其特征是在平整好的泥土地面上有序或者无序地钻孔，至地下合适深度的一个或者穿越多个浅表砂带可储水层，孔径5-100厘米，孔距0.5-20米。
  3. 权利要求1所述施工方法，其特征是在于使用与钻孔的孔洞形状、大小吻合的圆形或者任意形状木棒或者其它材质棒状工具，插入填沙的孔洞，浇注混凝土基础层干结后拔除棒状工具，混凝土基础层形成与钻孔的孔洞形状、大小一致的孔洞。
  4. 权利要求1所述施工方法，其特征是在于将孔洞填沙，注水密实，并在混凝土基础层上铺设厚度2-30厘米的沙形成平面。
  5. 权利要求1所述施工方法，其特征是在于将路面砖有序或者无序的无粘结直接排列在沙层表面上形成硬路面，路面砖的缝隙为1-50毫米，缝隙填沙，注水密实。
  6. 权利要求1所述施工方法，其特征是在硬路面边缘使用牙石固定混凝土基础层、沙、路面砖，使之无法自然位移、流失。
  7. 权利要求1所述施工方法，其特征是在硬路面边缘使用低于路面砖1-5厘米的排水槽，将无法快速自然回灌至地下浅表砂带储水层的积水排入雨水井。
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