WO2016125448A1 - 鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置 - Google Patents
鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016125448A1 WO2016125448A1 PCT/JP2016/000343 JP2016000343W WO2016125448A1 WO 2016125448 A1 WO2016125448 A1 WO 2016125448A1 JP 2016000343 W JP2016000343 W JP 2016000343W WO 2016125448 A1 WO2016125448 A1 WO 2016125448A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- leaf spring
- electrode pair
- reinforced resin
- fiber reinforced
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/20—Investigating the presence of flaws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
- G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
- G07C5/0808—Diagnosing performance data
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
- B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F15/00—Axle-boxes
- B61F15/20—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/50—Other details
- B61F5/52—Bogie frames
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/18—Leaf springs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a state monitoring device for a leaf spring of a railcar bogie.
- a leaf spring is bridged between front and rear axle boxes, and a side beam is omitted by supporting a transverse beam at a longitudinal center portion of the leaf spring.
- the leaf spring functions not only as a suspension but also as a conventional side beam.
- plate spring is formed using a fiber reinforced resin for the weight reduction of a trolley
- Patent Document 2 a plurality of electrodes are arranged on a main surface on one side of a composite material made of CFRP at a predetermined interval, and a composite is obtained from a change in electric resistance measured based on a current flowing between the electrodes.
- a technique for detecting material delamination is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 a pair of connectors are fixed to both ends in the longitudinal direction of a leaf spring made of CFRP, and cutting of carbon fibers having conductivity is performed based on a change in electrical resistance measured based on a current flowing between the connectors. A technique for detection is disclosed.
- an object of the present invention is to increase the detection accuracy of breakage and peeling in a fiber reinforced resin leaf spring mounted on a railway vehicle carriage.
- a state monitoring device for a leaf spring of a railcar bogie is a leaf spring having a fiber reinforced resin that is mounted on a railcar bogie and contains conductive reinforcing fibers, the reinforcing fiber In the device for monitoring the state of the leaf spring having reinforcing fibers extending in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring, both sides in the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the plate thickness direction of the leaf spring so as to sandwich the leaf spring An electrode pair provided on a side end surface; and a measuring instrument that is electrically connected to the electrode pair and measures an electrical characteristic of the leaf spring.
- the electrode pairs are provided on the side end surfaces on both sides in the width direction of the leaf spring, it is possible to accurately detect breakage and peeling that occur in a portion away from the main surface of the leaf spring in the plate thickness direction.
- the electrode pair provided on the side end surfaces on both sides in the width direction of the leaf spring is provided with a conductive path formed by contact of adjacent fibers. Since an electric current flows, it is possible to accurately detect separation where adjacent fibers are separated. In addition, it is easier to specify the location where the state of the leaf spring has changed in the longitudinal direction than when the electrode pair is provided on the longitudinal end face of the leaf spring.
- the distance from the neutral axis of the leaf spring to the electrode pair in the thickness direction is shorter than in the case where the electrode pair is disposed on the main surface on one side of the leaf spring, the compression caused by the deflection of the leaf spring is reduced. Alternatively, the distortion of the electrode pair due to tension is reduced, and the electrode pair is prevented from being damaged.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the principle of the state monitoring of the leaf
- the direction in which the railway vehicle travels and the direction in which the vehicle body extends is defined as the vehicle longitudinal direction, and the lateral direction perpendicular thereto is defined as the vehicle width direction.
- the longitudinal direction of the vehicle can also be referred to as the front-rear direction, and the vehicle width direction can also be referred to as the left-right direction. That is, the railway vehicle can travel in both directions in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, but assuming that the vehicle travels in one direction, the front side in the traveling direction can be referred to as the front, and the rear side in the traveling direction can be referred to as the rear.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a railway vehicle carriage 1 including a state monitoring device 30 for a leaf spring 10 according to an embodiment.
- the railcar bogie 1 includes a bogie frame 3 for supporting a vehicle body 20 via an air spring 2 serving as a secondary suspension.
- the carriage frame 3 includes the horizontal beams 3a extending in the vehicle width direction that is the left-right direction, but does not include the side beams extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction that is the front-rear direction from both ends of the horizontal beam 3a in the vehicle width direction.
- the air spring 2 is installed on the upper surface of the cross beam 3a.
- a pair of front and rear axles 4 and 5 are arranged along the vehicle width direction in front of and behind the horizontal beam 3a, and wheels 6 and 7 are fixed to both sides of the axles 4 and 5 in the vehicle width direction.
- Bearings 8 and 9 that rotatably support the axles 4 and 5 are provided at both ends of the axles 4 and 5 in the vehicle width direction outside the wheels 6 and 7, respectively. 11 and 12. Both ends of the transverse beam 3a in the vehicle width direction are coupled to the axle boxes 11 and 12 by the axial beam type coupling mechanisms 13 and 14, respectively.
- a leaf spring 10 extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is bridged between the transverse beam 3a and the axle boxes 11 and 12, and the longitudinal center portion 10a of the longitudinal direction of the transverse spring 3a extends from the lower side in the vehicle width direction.
- One end portion 10b in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring 10 is supported by the axle box 11, and the other end portion 10c in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring 10 is supported by the axle box 12. That is, the leaf spring 10 has both the function of the primary suspension and the function of the conventional side beam.
- a pressing member 17 having an arcuate lower surface 17a is provided at the lower part of both ends of the transverse beam 3a in the vehicle width direction, and the pressing member 17 is placed on the central portion 10a of the leaf spring 10 from above and comes into contact with it. That is, the pressing member 17 is pressed from above by contacting the upper surface of the leaf spring 10 by the downward load due to gravity from the lateral beam 3a without fixing the leaf spring 10 to the pressing member 17 in the vertical direction.
- Support members 15 and 16 are attached to the upper end portions of the axle boxes 11 and 12, and the end portions 10b and 10c of the leaf spring 10 are supported by the axle boxes 11 and 12 from below through the support members 15 and 16, respectively.
- the upper surfaces of the support members 15 and 16 are inclined toward the center in the vehicle longitudinal direction.
- the end portions 10 b and 10 c of the leaf spring 10 are also placed on the support members 15 and 16 from above, and freely contact the upper surfaces of the support members 15 and 16 by the downward load from the leaf spring 10.
- the load from the vehicle body 20 is transmitted to the central portion of the leaf spring 10 via the pressing members 17 at the lower ends of both ends of the transverse beam 3a in the vehicle width direction. Further, when a difference in height occurs between the front and rear wheels 6 and 7 due to track irregularities or the like, the leaf spring 10 is rotated like a seesaw with respect to the pressing member 17 to prevent wheel weight loss. In this way, a load is repeatedly applied to the leaf spring 10 by traveling on the carriage.
- Intermediate portions 10d and 10e which are intermediate regions between the central portion 10a and the end portions 10b and 10c, of the leaf spring 10 are spaced apart from other members and are arranged in a free state in the air. That is, the deformation and displacement of the intermediate portions 10d and 10e are not constrained. Therefore, the leaf spring 10 is elastically deformed at the intermediate portions 10d and 10e with the central portion 10a and the end portions 10b and 10c as fulcrums.
- the intermediate portions 10d and 10e of the leaf spring 10 are inclined downward toward the central portion 10a in a side view, and the central portion 10a of the leaf spring 10 is located below the end portions 10b and 10c of the leaf spring 10.
- the leaf spring 10 is formed in a bow shape that protrudes downward as a whole in a side view.
- the leaf spring 10 has a shape in which the thickness gradually decreases from the central portion 10a toward the end portions 10b and 10c.
- the left side of FIG. 1 is assumed to be the traveling direction
- the wheel 6 is referred to as a front wheel
- the wheel 7 is referred to as a rear wheel.
- the leaf spring 10 is provided with electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F , E 1R , E 2R on side end surfaces 10f on both sides in the width direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and the plate thickness direction of the leaf spring 10.
- Each electrode pair E 0 , E 1F , E 2F , E 1R , E 2R sandwiches the leaf spring 10 in the width direction.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F are arranged on the front wheel 6 side when viewed from the central portion 10 a of the leaf spring 10, and the electrode pairs E 1R , E 2R are rear wheels when viewed from the central portion 10 a of the leaf spring 10. 7 side.
- the state monitoring device 30 includes a leaf spring 10, electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F , E 1R , E 2R, and a controller 19.
- the electrode pairs E 1F , E 2F and the electrode pairs E 1R , E 2R are symmetrically arranged with respect to the longitudinal center of the leaf spring 10. Therefore, in the following description, mainly on the front wheel 6 side.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F will be described as a representative.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of the main part of the leaf spring 10 shown in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the principle of state monitoring of the leaf spring 10 shown in FIG.
- the leaf spring 10 is formed by laminating a plurality of fiber reinforced resin layers, and is formed using a general composite material forming method such as autoclave forming.
- the leaf spring 10 includes a first fiber reinforced resin layer 31, a second fiber reinforced resin layer 32, a third fiber reinforced resin layer 33, and a fourth fiber reinforced resin layer 34. Are lined up.
- the thickness of the third fiber reinforced resin layer 33 is formed so that the thickness gradually decreases from the longitudinal center to the end, and the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32 are formed.
- the thickness of the 4th fiber reinforced resin layer 34 is constant.
- the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31, the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32, and the fourth fiber reinforced resin layer 34 contain reinforcing fibers having conductivity.
- the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31, the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32, and the fourth fiber reinforced resin layer 34 are formed of CFRP containing continuous carbon fibers.
- the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the fourth fiber reinforced resin layer 34 are continuous from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring 10 when viewed from the normal direction of the main surface (upper surface or lower surface) of the leaf spring 10. It contains continuous fibers that extend.
- the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the fourth fiber reinforced resin layer 34 have a unidirectional material in which carbon fibers are oriented in one direction in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring 10 as a main laminated structure. .
- the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32 is a material having carbon fibers continuous from one end to the other end in the width direction when viewed from the normal direction of the main surface (upper surface or lower surface) of the leaf spring 10.
- the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32 is mainly composed of a unidirectional material in which carbon fibers are oriented in one direction in the width direction of the leaf spring 10 or a woven material in which carbon fibers are oriented in length and width. It has a laminated structure.
- the third fiber reinforced resin layer 33 is formed of FRP containing non-conductive reinforcing fibers. Specifically, the third fiber reinforced resin layer 33 is formed of GFRP containing glass fibers.
- the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31, the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32, and the fourth fiber reinforced resin layer 34 contain conductive reinforcing fibers, and the third fiber reinforced resin layer 33 has a conductive property.
- the reinforcing fiber is not contained, and the non-conductive reinforcing fiber is contained. That is, the boundary between the layers containing conductive reinforcing fibers is the boundary between the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F are directly attached to the side end faces on both sides in the width direction of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F are formed by applying conductive ink to the side end surfaces on both sides in the width direction of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 by screen printing.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F are separated from the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32.
- the conductive path of the current flowing through the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F is a first conductive path formed only by carbon fibers of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 as schematically shown by arrows in FIG.
- the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 is a unidirectional material and has almost no continuous fibers extending continuously from one end to the other end in the width direction
- the first conductive path P1 is formed of the first fiber reinforced resin. It is formed by the multiple carbon fibers of the layer 31 being adjacent and in contact with each other. Therefore, the first conductive path P ⁇ b> 1 follows an irregular path in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the leaf spring 10.
- the second conductive path P ⁇ b> 2 is formed by carbon fibers at one end in the width direction of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31, the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32, and the other end in the width direction of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31. .
- the second conductive path P ⁇ b> 2 is formed by the contact between the carbon fibers of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the carbon fibers of the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32, so that the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32. Pass the boundary between.
- the conductive path formed in the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32 is: Compared with the conductive path formed in the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31, a current can flow in the width direction of the leaf spring 10 with a short conductive path. Therefore, the electrical resistance to the current flowing in the width direction of the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32 is smaller than the electrical resistance to the current flowing in the width direction of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31. Therefore, more current flows through the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F and E 2F in the second conductive path than in the first conductive path.
- the second conductive path P2 through which a large amount of current passes through the boundary between the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32, the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the second fiber path When peeling occurs between the two-fiber reinforced resin layer 32, the cross-sectional area of the second conductive path P2 is reduced, which causes a significant change in the electrical resistance of the second conductive path P2. Therefore, when the resistance value of the leaf spring 10 obtained by flowing a current through the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F greatly increases, it can be determined that the separation has occurred.
- the cross-sectional area of the 1st conductive path P1 reduces.
- the separation can also be detected by monitoring the increase in the resistance value of the leaf spring 10 obtained by flowing current through the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F .
- the electrode pair E 1F for monitoring the shear stress concentration portion and the electrode pair E 2F for monitoring the bending stress concentration portion are provided in an intermediate portion 10 d of the leaf spring 10.
- the electrode pairs E 1F and E 2F are provided at a position closer to the end portion 10b than to the central portion 10a in the intermediate portion 10d of the leaf spring 10.
- the electrode pair E 1F for monitoring the shear stress concentration portion is provided in the vicinity of the boundary between the end portion 10b of the leaf spring 10 and the intermediate portion 10d.
- the electrode pair E 2F for monitoring the bending stress concentration portion is provided closer to the center portion 10a than the electrode pair E 1F for monitoring the shear stress concentration portion.
- a reference electrode pair E 0 used for temperature correction which will be described later, is provided at an end portion 10 b supported from below by a support member 15 of the leaf spring 10.
- Each of the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F includes a central electrode element pair 41 for voltage measurement and a pair of power supply side electrode elements disposed on both sides of the central electrode element pair 41 in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring 10. 42, 43.
- Each electrode element pair 41 to 43 is formed in a shape extending in the thickness direction of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31.
- the both-side electrode element pairs 42 and 43 are short-circuited to each other and are connected to a circuit having a power supply 45 and a current sensor 46.
- a constant current I is supplied from the power supply 45 to the electrode element pairs 42 and 43 on both sides.
- the center electrode element pair 41 is connected to a circuit having a voltage sensor 47. That is, the voltage of the central electrode element pair 41 is detected by the voltage sensor 47.
- the state monitoring device 30 includes a power supply 45 that supplies a constant current to the electrode element pairs 42 and 43 on both sides, and a voltage sensor 47 that detects the voltage of the center electrode element pair 41.
- the distribution of current supplied to the both-side electrode element pairs 42 and 43 (broken line in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the state monitoring device 30 of the leaf spring 10 shown in FIG.
- the controller 19 of the state monitoring device 30 is connected to a voltage sensor 47 that individually detects the voltages of the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 2F , E 1R , E 2R .
- Each symbol V 0 , V 1F , V 2F , V 1R , V 2R described in each voltage sensor 47 in FIG. 5 is detected by each electrode pair E 0 , E 1F , E 2F , E 1R , E 2R. It means each voltage value.
- the controller 19 includes a measurement unit 51, a correction unit 52, and a determination unit 53.
- the measuring unit 51 Based on the signal from the voltage sensor 47, the measuring unit 51 measures a resistance value R as a value of the electrical characteristics of the leaf spring 10. Specifically, since the current value I supplied to each electrode pair E 0 , E 1F , E 2F , E 1R , E 2R is constant, the measurement unit 51 detects each voltage value detected by the voltage sensor 47. By dividing V 0 , V 1F , V 2F , V 1R , V 2R by the constant current value I, the resistance value of each part sandwiched between each electrode pair E 0 , E 1F , E 2F , E 1R , E 2R R 0 , R 1F , R 2F , R 1R , R 2R are obtained.
- the correction unit 52 is a component caused by orbital disturbance from the resistance values R 1F , R 2F , R 1R , R 2R measured by the measurement unit 51 based on signals from the electrode pairs E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R. And correction to remove components due to temperature change. Details of the correction will be described later.
- the determination unit 53 determines whether or not the resistance values R 1F , R 2F , R 1R , and R 2R corrected by the correction unit 52 have exceeded a predetermined threshold value R th . At this time, the determination unit 53 performs a known smoothing process (for example, moving average) on the resistance values R 1F , R 2F , R 1R , and R 2R to remove noise.
- a known smoothing process for example, moving average
- the determination unit 53 does not transmit a signal to the warning device 54, but the resistance values R 1F , R 2F , R 1R, when R 2R exceeds a predetermined threshold value R th, and transmits a signal to the warning device 54.
- the warning device 54 issues a warning by at least one of a warning display and a warning sound.
- the warning device 54 is installed in the cab of the railway vehicle, but may be installed in the carriage 1. Also, 6 is a graph showing time series data of resistance values obtained from the electrode pair E 1F (first electrode pair) on the front wheel 6 side shown in FIG.
- the time t 2 is delayed from the time t 1 when the pulse-like piezoresistance fluctuation occurs in the resistance value obtained from the electrode pair E 1F on the front wheel 6 side.
- the correction unit 52 offsets the time axis of the time series data of the resistance value obtained from the electrode pair E 1R on the rear wheel 7 side so as to be advanced by the delay time ⁇ t, and from the electrode pair E 1F on the front wheel 6 side.
- the time series data of the resistance value obtained from the electrode pair E 1R on the rear wheel 7 side is obtained. to correct.
- the piezoresistance fluctuation component due to the orbital disturbance is removed from the time-series data of the resistance value obtained from the electrode pair E 1F on the front wheel 6 side by cancellation.
- the correction unit 52 calculates the time series data of the resistance value obtained from the electrode pair E 1F on the front wheel 6 side.
- the time axis is offset so as to be delayed by the delay time ⁇ t, and the time series of resistance values obtained from the electrode pair E 1F on the front wheel 6 side from the time series data of resistance values obtained from the electrode pair E 1R on the rear wheel 7 side Correction may be performed by drawing data.
- the same correction as described above may be performed when orbital disturbance is removed from the resistance values obtained from the electrode pairs E 2F and E 2R other than the electrode pairs E 1F and E 1R .
- the correction unit 52 uses the resistance value obtained from the electrode pair E 0 (sub electrode pair) as a reference value as described below. Is used to correct the resistance variation component due to temperature change from the resistance values obtained from the electrode pairs E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R (main electrode pair).
- the portion of the leaf spring 10 provided with the reference electrode pair E 0 is more of the leaf spring 10 than the portion of the leaf spring 10 provided with the monitoring electrode pairs E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R .
- the stress generated during elastic deformation is small.
- the end portion 10b of the leaf spring 10 to the electrode pair E 0 for reference is provided, because it is supported by the support member 15, the piezoresistive change hardly occurs due to load variation.
- the correction unit 52 subtracts the resistance value obtained from the reference electrode pair E 0 from the resistance value obtained from the monitoring electrode pair E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R .
- the resistance values obtained from the electrode pairs E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R are respectively corrected. Thereby, the resistance fluctuation component due to the temperature change is removed from the resistance values obtained from the monitoring electrode pairs E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R .
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance value of the test piece and the number of loads measured in the fatigue test of the test piece having the same structure as the leaf spring shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates the number of loads repeatedly applied to the test piece
- the vertical axis indicates the resistance value of the test piece to be measured. According to the graph, until the number of times of loading increased, the resistance value changed with a small fluctuation at a value smaller than the predetermined threshold value Rth .
- the resistance value increased and exceeded the threshold value R th, and the resistance value also increased.
- the electrode springs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R are provided on the side end faces 10f on both sides in the width direction of the leaf spring 10, and therefore the main surface (upper surface) of the leaf spring 10 is provided.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R provided on the side end surfaces 10f on both sides in the width direction of the leaf spring 10 Since the current flows through the conductive path formed by the contact of the adjacent fibers, it is possible to accurately detect the separation between the adjacent fibers. In addition, as compared with the case where the electrode pair is provided on the end surface in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring 10, it becomes easier to specify the location where the state has changed in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring 10.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R from the neutral axis of the leaf spring 10 in the plate thickness direction. Therefore, the distortion of the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R due to compression or tension caused by the bending of the leaf spring 10 is reduced, and the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E Damage to 1R , E 2F and E 2R is suppressed.
- the leaf spring 10 made of fiber reinforced resin that is mounted on the bogie 1 for a railway vehicle it is possible to easily identify the location where the state has changed, to suppress damage to the electrodes, and to increase the detection accuracy of peeling. Become.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R are provided on the side end face of the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31, and the electric resistance in the width direction of the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32 is the first. Since the electrical resistance in the width direction of the fiber reinforced resin layer 31 is smaller, the current from the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R passes through the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the second fiber reinforced resin. It will flow to the layer 32. That is, the conductive path of the current flowing through the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R passes through the boundary between the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32.
- the determination unit 53 determines that the resistance value measured by the measurement unit 51 has exceeded the threshold value R th , it is possible to easily grasp a sign of abnormality of the leaf spring 10 by the threshold value determination.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R are a central electrode element pair 41 for voltage measurement, and both side electrodes arranged on both sides of the central electrode element pair 41 and supplied with a constant current. Since the measuring device 51 measures the resistance value of the corresponding part of the leaf spring 10 based on the voltage of the center electrode element pair 41, it detects the state change of the leaf spring 10 with high sensitivity. it can. Specifically, in the leaf spring 10 made of fiber reinforced resin, the distribution of the current supplied to the pair of electrode elements 42 and 43 has a certain extent in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring 10.
- the monitoring electrode pairs E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R are provided in the middle portions 10d, 10e between the central portion 10a and the end portions 10b, 10c of the leaf spring 10, and the leaf spring 10 Therefore, it is possible to quickly detect a change in state caused by the leaf spring 10. Further, the monitoring electrode pair E 1F , E 1R is more than the central portion 10a among the intermediate portions 10d, 10e of the leaf spring 10 having a shape whose thickness decreases from the central portion 10a toward the end portions 10b, 10c.
- the leaf spring 10 A change in state due to shear stress can be detected quickly.
- Electrodes pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R are formed of conductive ink, and the conductive ink itself has elasticity, the electrode pair E 0 due to the bending motion of the leaf spring 10. , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R can be prevented from being damaged by the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R .
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the configuration can be changed, added, or deleted without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the electrode pairs E 0 , E 1F , E 1R , E 2F , E 2R are not separated from the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32, and are formed between the first fiber reinforced resin layer 31 and the second fiber reinforced resin layer 32. You may provide over both side end surfaces.
- the resistance value is measured as the value of the electrical characteristic measured by the measurement unit 51. However, the voltage value may be measured instead of the resistance value.
- the reference electrode pair E 0 is provided at one end portion 10b of the leaf spring 10, but may be provided at the other end portion 10c or the central portion 10a.
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Abstract
Description
図6は、図1に示す前輪6側の電極対E1F(第1電極対)から得られる抵抗値の時系列データを示すグラフと、図1に示す後輪7側の電極対E1R(第2電極対)から得られる抵抗値の時系列データを示すグラフとの関係を説明する図面である。図6に示すように、走行中の台車1に軌道から衝撃(例えば、台車が分岐を通過するとき等に発生する衝撃)が伝達されると、板バネ10に負荷変動が生じ、電極対E1F,E1Rから得られる抵抗値に軌道外乱としてパルス状のピエゾ抵抗変動が発生する。その際、軌道からの衝撃は前輪6に入力された後に遅れて後輪7に入力されるので、後輪7側の電極対E1Rから得られる抵抗値にパルス状のピエゾ抵抗変動が発生する時間t2は、前輪6側の電極対E1Fから得られる抵抗値にパルス状のピエゾ抵抗変動が発生する時間t1から遅れることとなる。その遅れ時間Δt(=t2-t1)は、前輪6の中心と後輪7の中心との間の距離を車両の走行速度で割って得られる時間である。
E1F,E2F,E1R,E2R 監視用の電極対
1 台車
6,7 車輪
10 板バネ
10a 中央部
10b,10c 端部
10d,10e 中間部
10f 側端面
11,12 軸箱
17 押圧部材
30 状態監視装置
31 第1繊維強化樹脂層
32 第2繊維強化樹脂層
41 中央電極要素対
42,43 両側電極要素対
51 測定部(測定器)
52 補正部(補正器)
53 判定部(判定器)
Claims (8)
- 鉄道車両用台車に搭載されて導電性の強化繊維を含有する繊維強化樹脂を有する板バネであって、前記強化繊維が前記板バネの長手方向に延びた強化繊維を有する前記板バネの状態を監視する装置において、
前記板バネの長手方向及び板厚方向に直交する幅方向の両側の側端面に前記板バネを挟んで設けられた電極対と、
前記電極対に電気的に接続され、前記板バネの電気的特性を測定する測定器と、を備える、鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置。 - 前記電極対は、前記板バネの第1繊維強化樹脂層と、前記板バネの前記第1繊維強化樹脂層よりも前記幅方向に流れる電流に対する電気抵抗が小さい第2繊維強化樹脂層との間の剥離を検出するために、前記第1繊維強化樹脂層の前記幅方向の両側の側端面に設けられる、請求項1に記載の鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置。
- 前記測定器で測定される前記電気的特性の値が所定の閾値を超えたことを判定する判定器を更に備える、請求項1又は2に記載の鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置。
- 前記電極対は、前記板バネのうち前記台車の横梁の車幅方向の端部により上方から押圧される中央部と前記台車の軸箱により下方から支持される端部との間の中間領域に設けられている、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置。
- 前記電極対は、前記板バネの前記中間領域のうち前記中央部よりも相対的に肉厚が減少した前記端部に近い位置に設けられている、請求項4に記載の鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置。
- 前記電極対は、電圧測定用の中央電極要素対と、前記板バネの長手方向における前記中央電極要素対の両側に配置された給電用の両側電極要素対とを含み、
前記両側電極要素対は、定電流を供給する電源に接続され、
前記測定器は、前記中央電極要素対の電圧に基づいて前記板バネの電気的特性を測定する、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置。 - 前記測定器で測定された値を補正する補正器を更に備え、
主電極対及び副電極対の各々が、前記電極対として、前記板バネに設けられ、
前記副電極対は、前記主電極対が設けられた部位よりも前記板バネの弾性変形時における応力が小さい部位に設けられ、
前記補正部は、前記主電極対に流れる電流に基づいて測定された主電気的特性の値から、前記副電極対に流れる電流に基づいて測定された副電気的特性の値を引くことで、前記主電気的特性の値を補正する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置。 - 前記測定器で測定された値を補正する補正器を更に備え、
第1電極対及び第2電極対の各々が、前記電極対として、鉄道車両の長手方向に向くように前記台車に搭載された前記板バネに設けられ、
前記第1電極対は、前記台車の進行方向前方の車輪側に配置され、前記第2電極対は、前記台車の進行方向後方の車輪側に配置され、
前記補正部は、
車両長手方向における前記前方の車輪の中心と前記後方の車輪の中心との間の距離を前記車両の走行速度で割って得られる遅れ時間の分、前記第1電極対に流れる電流に基づいて測定された第1電気的特性の時系列データの時間軸を前記第2電極対に流れる電流に基づいて測定された第1電気的特性の時系列データの時間軸に対して相対的に遅れ側にオフセットし、
前記第1電気的特性の時系列データから前記第2電気的特性の時系列データを引くことで、前記第1電気的特性の値を補正する、又は、前記第2電気的特性の時系列データから前記第1電気的特性の時系列データを引くことで、前記第2電気的特性の値を補正する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車の板バネの状態監視装置。
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CN201680008291.6A CN107207018B (zh) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-01-25 | 铁道车辆用转向架的板簧的状态监视装置 |
SG11201706168SA SG11201706168SA (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-01-25 | State monitoring device for plate spring of railcar bogie |
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