WO2016119657A1 - 用以调整血压的血压管理装置、系统及方法 - Google Patents

用以调整血压的血压管理装置、系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016119657A1
WO2016119657A1 PCT/CN2016/071997 CN2016071997W WO2016119657A1 WO 2016119657 A1 WO2016119657 A1 WO 2016119657A1 CN 2016071997 W CN2016071997 W CN 2016071997W WO 2016119657 A1 WO2016119657 A1 WO 2016119657A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
blood pressure
physiological
information
signal
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PCT/CN2016/071997
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周常安
Original Assignee
周常安
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510038044.8A external-priority patent/CN104665800B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510037992.XA external-priority patent/CN104665799A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510037837.8A external-priority patent/CN104665798A/zh
Application filed by 周常安 filed Critical 周常安
Publication of WO2016119657A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016119657A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/022Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
    • A61B5/0225Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a blood pressure management device and method, and more particularly to a blood pressure management device that simultaneously provides adjustment and measurement of blood pressure functions, and a method for managing blood pressure by the device.
  • Cardiovascular disease is a disease that affects the heart, blood vessels, or both, and one of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease is high blood pressure. Hypertension is not only a risk factor for coronary heart disease, but also an important cause of stroke. Therefore, the World Health Organization has listed hypertension as one of the major causes of early worldwide death.
  • ANS Autonomic Nervous System
  • SNS sympathetic nervous system
  • PNS parasympathetic nervous system
  • SNS is usually responsible for attack or flight
  • PNS is usually responsible for rest and digest.
  • PNS and SNS have The opposite effect, one of which activates a physiological response while the other inhibits it.
  • sympathetic activation causes the arteries to contract, which in turn increases vascular resistance and reduces blood flow to the distal end.
  • increased vascular resistance increases arterial pressure and, in addition, sympathetic Nerve-induced venous contraction reduces venous compliance and blood volume, which in turn increases venous blood pressure. Therefore, the overall effect of sympathetic activation is increased cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance (arteries and veins), and arterial blood pressure.
  • Physiological feedback training is a learning procedure in which the human body uses the consciousness to control the physiological processes controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
  • the biological signals that change with the autonomic nervous system in the human body for example, heart rate or The skin temperature is monitored and fed back to the subject in real time, so the subject can use this to enhance the desired response, so for people with high blood pressure, physiological feedback training affects blood pressure. Possible method.
  • a blood pressure management device that provides a function of measuring blood pressure in addition to providing a means for the user to observe and influence autonomic nerve activity. Allowing the user to naturally and easily view the previously stored blood pressure record each time the device is used for physiological feedback training, and learn the effectiveness of the physiological feedback training to positively motivate the user to continue training in the invisible. It is also reasonable to allow the user to perform blood pressure measurement before and/or after training to understand the effect of physiological feedback training in real time, and to stimulate the idea of physiological feedback training when measuring blood pressure. The two complement each other and let blood pressure The purpose of management is more effectively achieved.
  • physiological feedback training takes a long time. Therefore, when selecting a physiological sensor for obtaining physiological signals, there are several points to be considered. For example, if the sensor can maintain stable contact with the skin for a long time, Unstable physiological feedback during physiological feedback can be avoided.
  • the present invention is based on the consideration of the blood pressure management device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure management device which provides a means for a user to adjust blood pressure by self-regulatory neurophysiological feedback training.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure management device that uses a wearable physiological signal sensing unit to allow a physiological sensing element to be placed on a user's body for a long time and stably, thereby facilitating feedback training. Get high quality physiological signals.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure management device which is effective for blood pressure adjustment by providing physiological feedback effects by providing information about a user's breathing during a physiological feedback by a user through breathing training. .
  • the relative relationship between the acquired physiological signals can further provide information about the trend of blood pressure changes during physiological feedback training.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure management method having an operation flow for allowing a user to naturally record the blood pressure values before and after the feedback training period, which is helpful for understanding the effectiveness of the physiological feedback training.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure management method for prompting a user to perform a physiological feedback training when detecting that the blood pressure value is higher than a predetermined value.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure management method, which can also obtain a physiological signal capable of performing HRV analysis during blood pressure measurement, so as to simultaneously display blood pressure values and HRV analysis results, thereby allowing the user to understand blood pressure values and autonomic nerves.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a blood pressure management method, which can prompt a user to perform an HRV measurement when detecting that the blood pressure value is higher than a preset value, so that the user can understand the blood pressure value and self-discipline through the HRV analysis result.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a blood pressure management device in accordance with the present invention
  • 2-3 show an exemplary example of the use of a light sensor in accordance with the blood pressure management device of the present invention
  • FIGS. 4A-4C show an exemplary example of a light sensor in combination with a cuff in accordance with a blood pressure management device of the present invention
  • 4D-4E show an exemplary example of a light sensor in combination with a housing in accordance with the blood pressure management device of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a light sensor in combination with a cuff in accordance with the blood pressure management device of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows an exemplary example of the use of an electrocardiographic electrode in accordance with the blood pressure management device of the present invention
  • FIGS. 7A-7C show an illustrative example of an electrode in combination with a cuff in accordance with a blood pressure management device of the present invention
  • FIGS. 8A-8C show an exemplary embodiment of the blood pressure management device according to the present invention employing the electrode arrangement shown in Figs. 7A-7C;
  • FIGS. 9A-9C show an exemplary example of the combination of an electrode and a housing of the blood pressure management device of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a view showing another embodiment of the blood pressure management device of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 shows an example of a blood pressure management device of the present invention implemented to detect skin electrical activity
  • Figure 12 is a view showing an exemplary embodiment of the blood pressure management device of the present invention, which is implemented to detect the terminal temperature of the limb;
  • FIG. 13-14 show an exemplary embodiment of a blood pressure management device of the present invention using a respiratory motion sensing strap
  • Figure 15 shows an exemplary embodiment of a blood pressure management device of the present invention employing a respiratory motion sensing strap and a finger-worn sensor;
  • 16 to 19 are flowcharts showing the operation of the blood pressure management device of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a blood pressure management device having both a blood pressure adjusting function and a blood pressure measuring function, and in the present invention, the blood pressure adjusting function is realized by executing a physiological feedback program related to an Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).
  • ANS Autonomic Nervous System
  • the blood pressure management device includes a control circuit, an inflatable cuff, a pump, and an information providing unit, wherein the control circuit is configured to control the operation of the blood pressure management device, the cuff is used to surround the user a limb, and can be inflated and deflated by the pump to generate a pressure change, thereby detecting the blood pressure of the user, and the information providing unit is for providing information to the user.
  • the control circuit is configured to control the operation of the blood pressure management device
  • the cuff is used to surround the user a limb, and can be inflated and deflated by the pump to generate a pressure change, thereby detecting the blood pressure of the user
  • the information providing unit is for providing information to the user.
  • the blood pressure management device further includes a physiological signal sensing unit for measuring a physiological signal that changes due to physiological feedback during the execution of the physiological feedback
  • the physiological signal sensing unit comprises a wearing structure and a physiological sensing component combined with the wearing structure, and therefore, the physiological sensing component is disposed in use by the wearing structure during the extraction of the physiological signal On the body.
  • the physiological signal sensing unit according to the present invention is implemented in a wearable form because it is known that the physiological feedback needs to be performed for a predetermined period of time, for example, 15 minutes or more. For a long time, therefore, in order to allow the user to perform physiological feedback without worrying about the setting of the physiological sensing element, the present invention utilizes the wearing structure to carry the physiological sensing element, and the physiological sensing element can be used for a long time. Stablely placed on the user, this not only helps to obtain a stable physiological signal, but also allows the user to perform physiological feedback procedures with greater concentration.
  • the procedure for performing physiological feedback training using the blood pressure management device of the present invention is: First, the user sets the physiological signal sensing unit on the body through the wearing structure to continuously obtain the physiological signal during the training. Then, after starting the physiological feedback training, the control circuit performs a pre-loaded calculation formula to The obtained physiological signal is analyzed, and/or the analysis result is compared with a preset target, and then the obtained physiological signal, the information of the correlation analysis result, and/or the information related to the comparison result are provided by the information.
  • the unit is provided to the user in real time, and after receiving the information, the user adjusts his or her physical and mental condition by stabilizing the emotion, relaxing the body and the like, thereby affecting the autonomic nerve, and responding to the measured physiological signal and the provided
  • the information is changed, so that the user can constantly adjust the physical and mental condition by knowing the change of the information, and gradually toward the physiological state of the target. This is the so-called physiological feedback loop.
  • the information provided by the information providing unit may include, but is not limited to, information obtained when blood pressure measurement is performed using a cuff, for example, blood pressure value, average heart rate, etc., and physiological feedback training is performed.
  • the information required for example, information representative of real-time physiological conditions, and information that directs the user toward the target physiological condition.
  • the information providing unit provides information includes, but is not limited to, visual, auditory, and tactile, etc.
  • the information providing unit may be implemented as a display element and/or a light emitting element to utilize text display, graphic change, and Or providing information by means of a change in the number of lights; or the information providing unit may be implemented as a sounding module to provide information by changing the sound frequency or volume or by means of voice; or alternatively, the information providing unit may also implement It is a vibration module, and provides information such as the strength and intensity of vibration, length and the like.
  • the information providing unit may be further configured to output information to an external device via a wired transmission module or a wireless transmission module to provide the information to the user through the external device, wherein the external device It can be, but is not limited to, a personal computer, a smart phone, a tablet computer or a smart watch, etc., and only needs to be able to provide the information to the user. Therefore, there is no limitation.
  • the information providing unit for example, in In a preferred embodiment, it is implemented in combination with a component worn on a user, such as a cuff and a physiological signal sensing unit; alternatively, in another preferred embodiment, it is implemented as In combination with the operational interface of the device, for example, a display screen, an indicator light, etc., the appropriate form can be selected according to the needs of the actual implementation.
  • the physiological signal sensed by the physiological signal sensing unit is a physiological activity capable of responding to the activity of the autonomic nervous system. signal.
  • the activity of the autonomic nervous system can be known by HRV (Heart Rate Variability) analysis. Therefore, one of the choices of the physiological sensing component is a sensor that can detect the user's heart rate sequence, for example, for example.
  • the photosensor is used to detect a pulse.
  • the photosensor is a sensor that has a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element and acquires an optical signal by using a PPG (photoplethysmography) principle, for example, by using a penetration method or
  • the heart rate sequence used for HRV analysis can be obtained by measuring the electrocardiogram using the electrocardiogram electrode.
  • the heart rate sequence can be obtained by using a pressure sensor, for example, using a cuff or a pressure sensor.
  • the arteries such as the radial artery, the heart rate sequence can also be obtained by taking continuous pulse waves.
  • the above description of obtaining a heart rate sequence by a physiological sensing element means that a time series of the user's heartbeat interval is obtained by the physiological sensing element, and the HRV analysis is Time series for analysis. Therefore, in the following content, the two narrative modes are used interchangeably as appropriate, and the two represent the same meaning.
  • the activity of the autonomic nervous system can also be known by observing changes in physiological signals affected by the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate, electrodermal activity (EDA), limb terminal temperature, etc. , wherein the heart rate is regulated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, when the sympathetic activity increases, the heart The rate becomes faster, and when the parasympathetic activity increases, the heart rate becomes slower.
  • physiological signals affected by the autonomic nervous system such as heart rate, electrodermal activity (EDA), limb terminal temperature, etc.
  • the activity rate of the two can be known by observing the heart rate; in addition, since the sweat gland secretion is only affected by the sympathetic nerve, and when the sympathetic nerve activity is increased, The activity of sweat glands is increased, so the activity of sympathetic nerves can be known by measuring the electrical activity of the skin (EDA); in addition, since the blood vessels transmitted to the skin of the extremities of the limbs are only affected by the sympathetic nerves, when the sympathetic nerves are active When the blood pressure is reduced, the blood vessel contraction is reduced, the tube diameter is increased, the blood flow is increased, and the skin surface temperature is increased. Therefore, the activity of the sympathetic nerve relative to the parasympathetic nerve can be estimated by measuring the skin temperature of the limb.
  • EDA electrical activity of the skin
  • the activity of the autonomic nervous system is known whether the HRV analysis is performed or the physiological signal affected by the autonomic nervous system is observed, and during the execution of the physiological feedback procedure,
  • the information providing unit can provide relevant information to the user in real time as a basis for the user to adjust the body and mind, for example, the result of the HRV analysis, the heart rate, the skin electrical activity situation, and/or the extremity can be provided in real time.
  • a slight temperature change, etc., and the information provided is not limited to only one type, and various options are available.
  • the real-time HRV analysis can be performed by moving the concept of the Moving Window, that is, determining the calculation time first. A segment, for example, 1 minute or 2 minutes, after which the HRV analysis result is continuously obtained by continuously shifting the time segment backward, for example, every 5 seconds, for example, one every 5 seconds.
  • the results of HRV analysis thus achieving the purpose of providing real-time HRV analysis results, in addition, the concept of weighting can also be used to moderately increase the proportion of physiological signals closer to the analysis time, so that the analysis results are closer to real-time physiology. situation.
  • the physiological signal sensing unit is implemented as a finger-type light sensor 11 to detect a continuous pulse wave of a user. Therefore, in this case, the user's heart rate sequence can be known from the measured continuous pulse wave, and the heart rate sequence can be obtained after the heart rate sequence is obtained.
  • the HRV analysis is performed to know the activity of the autonomic nervous system, or the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves can be inferred by observing the heart rate.
  • the finger-clamp-type photosensor provided at the fingertip is shown in the figure.
  • the photosensor 12 can also be implemented in an ear-wearing form, and the heart rate sequence of the user can be obtained through the measured continuous pulse wave, and the HRV analysis can be performed after the heart rate sequence is obtained. Knowing the activity of the autonomic nervous system, or by observing the heart rate, the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves can be inferred.
  • the figure shows an ear clip type photosensor sandwiched on the earlobe, it may be embodied in other forms on the ear or an area adjacent thereto, for example, on the auricle.
  • the earplugs are either attached to the ear or the like, and the position of the contact is not limited, for example, contact with the earlobe, the inner or back of the auricle, the vicinity of the junction of the auricle and the head shell, for example, near the tragus In the ear canal or in the ear canal, and/or near the mastoid of the ear, etc., therefore, there is no limit.
  • the blood pressure management device shown in FIG. 2-3 is in a form in which the housing 10 is separated from the cuff 14 , it is not limited, and the housing 10 can also be implemented as a pressure pulse.
  • the form in which the belt 14 is carried, for example, the position of the upper arm, the forearm, or the wrist, etc., is an implementable manner.
  • the light sensor 13 can also be disposed on the upper limb, for example, the wrist, the upper arm, or the forearm, through the cuff 14 , and the advantage in this manner is that when the pressure is After the movement of the pulse band around the limb is completed, the setting of the light sensor is also completed at the same time, which is more convenient.
  • FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate a possible situation in which the light sensor 13 is attached to the cuff when the housing 10 of the blood pressure management device is carried by the cuff 14.
  • the light The sensor 13 is disposed in the cuff 14 so that in this case, the cuff has a permeable portion at a position relative to the photosensor to allow light emitted by the photosensor to pass therethrough
  • the light sensor can adopt light of various wavelengths, for example, visible light or invisible light, such as red light and infrared light (IR), etc., which are all usable wavelength bands, and therefore, the permeable portion means visible light
  • the part formed by the material of the invisible light or the part which is hollowed out there is no limitation on the part formed by the material of the invisible light or the part which is hollowed out.
  • the photosensor 13 of FIG. 4A may be implemented as a circuit bonded to the surface of the housing 10 or electrically separated from the housing 10 and electrically connected to the housing 10 through a connection line.
  • the relationship between the photosensor and the cuff can also be set differently.
  • the photosensor can be embedded on the inner surface of the cuff and the upper limb, or can be disposed inside the cuff. That is, the cuff is in the pocket, or is located between the housing and the cuff, and thus can be changed according to actual needs.
  • the photosensor 13 can also be disposed on the cuff 14 through an attachment structure.
  • FIG. 4B shows the case of using the fastening tape 15; or, it is implemented by the clamping method.
  • the optical sensor can be attached to the cuff by magnetic attraction, for example, two components magnetically attracted to each other via the cuff, one of the components Provided on the housing or inside the cuff, to attract another component carrying the photosensor through the magnetic force, and the two components can be implemented to have both magnetic properties, or one component has a magnetic force, and the other component It can be attracted by a magnetic force, and there is no limitation.
  • the magnetic force can be obtained by disposing a magnetic substance inside the component or directly by a magnetic substance, and similarly, the substance attracted by the magnetic force can be disposed inside the component. Or used to form parts.
  • the photosensor shown in FIGS. 4B-4C can also be implemented to be separable from the casing, and can be connected only when necessary, and in addition to extending from the casing by the connecting wire, It can also be implemented in a wireless connection, so that the position of the light sensor can be more free.
  • FIG. 4D shows a case where the photosensor 13 and the housing 10 are integrally formed, and the light sensor 13 is disposed on the cuff and the limb when the cuff is wrapped around the limb. Between the signals, the light sensor can also be implemented integrally with the housing and protrude beyond the cuff, as shown in FIG. 4E, such that the photo sensor is only The limb is attached to the limb by the action of the cuff around the limb, but is not sandwiched between the cuff and the limb. Therefore, there are various possible embodiments.
  • the photosensor 13 and the housing 10 shown in FIG. 4D-4E can also be implemented in a detachable form, for example, through an electrical connector or through a mechanical coupling structure, so that when it is not needed It can be separated from the housing, and in particular, the optical sensor can also be implemented to be mechanically coupled only to the housing, and the obtained signal is transmitted wirelessly. Therefore, there are various possibilities and no restrictions.
  • the photosensor 13 can be implemented in combination with the cuff and/or the housing, without limitation, only when the cuff is wrapped around the limb. Complete the settings required to extract the physiological signal.
  • the photosensor 13 will only be placed on the cuff, for example, in the form of attachment as shown in Figures 4A-4C. It is placed directly on the cuff, or attached to the inside of the cuff by a devil's felt, clip or magnetic force.
  • Figure 5 shows the photosensor sandwiched at the edge of the cuff, and, similarly, Implemented as a wired or wireless connection, and when a wired connection is used, by way of example, the electrical connection may also be hidden in the inflation tube of the cuff. Therefore, it can be implemented in various forms as needed, without limitation.
  • the light sensor 13 can also be configured to be detachable from the cuff or the housing and disposed at other positions of the body, such as fingers, ears, etc., through the design of the structure. As a result, the position can be changed according to the actual use, which is more convenient.
  • the photo sensor when configured to obtain a physiological signal at a position such as a wrist, a forearm, or an upper arm, it is preferable to perform a measurement by using a reflection method to obtain a better signal. .
  • the light sensor can also obtain many other physiological information about the cardiovascular system, for example, blood oxygen concentration, blood volume change, etc., for example, by adjusting the light source.
  • a different amount of blood physiological information is obtained, for example, when there are two light-emitting components, information on blood oxygen concentration can be obtained, and thus more information can be provided to the user.
  • the electrocardiogram can also be used to measure the electrocardiogram, thereby obtaining a heart rate sequence.
  • the electrode is also implemented in a wearable form because, in the present invention, the main purpose of measuring the electrocardiogram is to obtain a heart rate sequence during physiological feedback, and therefore must be during the entire physiological feedback period.
  • the present invention proposes to use the wearable structure to carry the electrode and maintain the contact between the electrode and the skin through the wearing structure, so that the user can maintain the contact between the electrode and the skin without applying force, so Focusing on relaxation, and thus minimizing the interference of EMG signals, it is more conducive to obtaining high-quality ECG signals and more accurate analysis results.
  • two electrocardiographic electrodes are respectively provided to be in contact with the skin near the ear or the ear through the ear-wearing structure, and to contact the skin of the finger through the finger-wearing structure, so that the user can easily and naturally perform the operation.
  • the configuration of the physiological feedback training alternatively, the two electrocardiographic electrodes may also be implemented in the form of being placed on the finger through the finger-wearing structure; or alternatively, the electrode may be selected to be in the form of a wrist worn, and the active can also be achieved. Apply force to the user and reduce the effects of EMG signal interference.
  • the ear-wearing structure shown in the figure is in the form of an ear hook, However, it is not limited thereto, and may be implemented in various forms such as an earplug, an ear clip sandwiched between the earlobe or an ear clip clamped to the auricle, and the contact position thereof is not limited, and the earlobe, the inner surface of the auricle or the auricle may be contacted.
  • the vicinity of the junction of the back, the auricle and the head shell, for example, near the tragus, in the ear canal or the ear canal, and/or near the mastoid of the ear, or alternatively, can be implemented Magnetically attached to the ear, for example, by means of two components magnetically attracted to each other across the ear, and the electrodes are placed on either or both of the components, here two
  • the component may be implemented to have magnetic properties, for example, by having a magnetic substance inside, or by itself being a magnetic substance, or by being made of a material that is magnetically attractable, for example, one component may be implemented to have The magnetic force, while the other component can be attracted by the magnetic force, or both components can be implemented to have a magnetic force, and various implementation possibilities are possible without limitation.
  • the finger-wearing structure can also have different implementation forms, for example, can be implemented as a pinch on the fingertip, at the proximal knuckle of the finger, or by a strap around the finger, and the like, and It is not limited to the part that touches the finger, so it can be changed according to actual needs, and there is no limit.
  • the ear-worn electrode is selectively worn on the left or right ear, and there is no limitation.
  • the position of the other electrode has a signal quality.
  • the other electrode is in contact with the skin of the left upper limb, such as the upper arm, the lower arm, the wrist, the palm, the finger, etc., to avoid poor signal quality caused by placing the electrode on the right upper limb, thereby causing misjudgment of the analysis. .
  • the electrocardiographic electrode according to the present invention may also be embodied in the form of a combination with the housing of the device itself or the cuff to pass the cuff.
  • the electrode contact is achieved by the action, and the user does not need to apply force.
  • the electrode can be combined with the cuff by an attachment structure.
  • the attachment mechanism can be implemented as a corresponding pair of adhesive elements, for example, a gluing.
  • the belts are respectively disposed on the electrodes and the cuffs to achieve mutual coupling therebetween; or, as shown in FIG. 7B, the attachment mechanism can also be implemented as a clamp combined with the electrodes to be sandwiched.
  • the electrode is placed on the cuff; or, as shown in Fig. 7C, it may be a pair of metal clips to achieve electrical connection while being combined.
  • the attachment structure can also be implemented to have a housing for accommodating the circuit.
  • the signal can be taken near the electrode when the signal is acquired. Processing, for example, amplification, buffering, filtering, digitization and other circuit processing to ensure the clarity of the signal, in this case, the circuit can be placed in the housing, and the hardness of the housing increases the contact between the electrode and the skin.
  • the housing can be further embodied to have an ergonomic structure conforming to the contacted portion, for example, to conform to the curvature of the arm, etc., and thus, there is no limitation.
  • the attachment mechanism when the user does not need to use the electrocardiographic electrode or needs to clean the cuff or when the electrode needs to be replaced, for example, replacing the electrode with a different material, the electrode can be conveniently Remove and/or replace the cuff.
  • the electrode combined with the cuff can be connected to the housing through an external connecting line, as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, or when the housing is carried by the cuff, it can also be as shown in the figure.
  • the electrical connection between the electrodes and the electrodes is concealed inside the cuff tape and is disposed inside the cuff tape by means of fastening, and therefore, there is no limitation.
  • the housing of the device is carried by the cuff, it can be combined as shown in FIG. 8A (using the connection mode of FIG. 7A) and FIG. 8B (using the connection mode of FIG. 7C).
  • the electrode on the cuff is in contact with the skin of the limb surrounded by the compressed venous band, and the other electrode is placed in contact with the skin near the ear or the ear in conjunction with the upper ear wearing structure to complete the electrode configuration required for measuring the electrocardiogram, or
  • FIG. 8C using the connection method of FIG. 7B
  • the other electrode may be contacted with the finger-wearing structure. The way the other limbs are fingered, therefore, there is no limit.
  • the housing of the device when carried by the cuff, if the electrode can be placed at a position where the housing can contact the skin when the cuff is wrapped around the limb, the action of surrounding the cuff can be Providing an active force that allows the electrodes to contact the skin of the arm also reduces the interference of the EMG signal.
  • the structure of the housing according to the present invention is implemented to have an electrode carrying structure 112 on the surface associated with the cuff to surround the limb in the cuff
  • the skin of the upper arm or the forearm is contacted, so that when the electrode is placed on the electrode carrying structure, the contact of the electrode with the skin can also be completed in the action of installing the cuff.
  • the electrode carrying structure 112 can be implemented to be located near the edge of the cuff, and the cuff is implemented to have an opening 114 at a position corresponding to the supporting structure, and therefore, through the pressure
  • the action of the pulse band around the upper arm or the forearm can simultaneously achieve the contact of the electrode 113 between the skin, or as shown in FIG. 9B, it can also be implemented to have an opening 114 in the cuff, and the electrode carrying structure 112 is located.
  • the electrode carrying structure 112 is implemented on both outer edges of the cuff, so that the structure of the cuff can be changed without changing the structure of the cuff. In contact with the skin, although the outer edges of both sides have the bearing structure, it is not limited to be disposed only on one side of the outer edge.
  • the electrode carrying structure can also be implemented to be contractible, for example, by using a telescopic mechanism, or by using an elastic material to adapt to changes that may occur during inflation, and also to ensure The stability of the contact between the electrode and the skin.
  • the electrode carrying structure can be implemented as a convex form as shown, it is not limited thereto, and the combination of the visible housing and the cuff is different.
  • the change for example, may also be a load-bearing structure of the same height as the surface of the casing, only It is necessary to achieve contact between the electrode and the skin when the cuff is wrapped around the arm, and there is no limitation.
  • the blood pressure management device can also know the change of the autonomic nerve activity during the physiological feedback by measuring the electrical activity of the skin, as shown in FIG. 11 , which is to set two electrodes on the hand to detect the change of the skin electrical activity.
  • changes in autonomic nerve activity during physiological feedback can be obtained by measuring changes in limb end temperature, as shown in FIG.
  • a photosensor may be further added, for example, in the finger-wearing structure or the ear-wearing structure, and thus, the measured electrocardiographic signal and the pulse wave are obtained.
  • the reference blood pressure value is calculated by a specific relationship between the PTT and the arterial blood blood pressure value, so that the user's real-time blood pressure change trend can be provided during the physiological feedback; in addition, similarly,
  • the light sensor is placed at different positions, for example, the ear and the finger, and the same information is obtained by calculating the time difference between the two pulse waves.
  • the blood pressure management device can be combined with a physiological sensor element that can acquire a physiological signal affected by autonomic nerves.
  • the user is provided with information about the trend of blood pressure changes in real time during physiological feedback training.
  • the physiological signal measured at this time can be regarded as a reference value relative to the initial blood pressure value. Then, after starting the physiological feedback procedure, it is only necessary to continuously obtain the physiological signal and the reference. When the values are compared, the trend of the blood pressure value can be known.
  • the physiological signal can be, but is not limited to, skin electrical activity, limb terminal temperature, heart rate, and the like.
  • the detected physiological signal is galvanic activity
  • EDA detection for example, by resistance value or conductance value
  • this value is A reference value, after which the resistance value decreases due to an increase in sympathetic nerve activity, and an increase in sympathetic nerve activity represents an increase in vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure, and thus, the resistance value can be measured in real time during physiological feedback. Rising or falling, providing information on the trend of changes in blood pressure associated with the user.
  • real-time HRV analysis can also be used as a basis for providing similar information, or the aforementioned PTT can also be used for inference. There is no limit to the trend of blood pressure.
  • the recalibration can be naturally completed by the blood pressure measurement before each physiological feedback training, and the relationship between the physiological signal and the blood pressure value in accordance with the current physiological condition can be obtained.
  • the implementation form of the information providing unit can have various possibilities, for example, can be implemented as an ear-wearing structure, There is no limitation on the combination of the wearing structure, the casing or the cuff belt, and the information providing unit can also output the information to the external device through the wired or wireless transmission module. Therefore, various implementation options are available, and there is no limitation. .
  • the manner in which the information is provided is not limited, and may be presented by means of hearing, visual, tactile, etc., for example, may be implemented as a sounding module, a vibration module, and/or a display module and/or a light-emitting element.
  • the ear-worn structure when combined with the ear-worn structure, due to proximity to the ear, it is preferably implemented as a sounding module that allows sound to enter the ear directly, providing better privacy, or, due to the ear Since the wearing structure contacts the skin, it can also be implemented as a vibration module, or can be implemented as a display module and/or a light-emitting element extending to the front of the eye. Therefore, a suitable form can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the content of the information provided by the information providing unit is also not limited.
  • it may be a change in blood pressure value or a trend related to blood pressure; it may be a measured physiological signal, for example, heart rate, skin resistance value, end limb temperature, etc.; may be an analysis result of a physiological signal, for example, HRV
  • the result of the analysis may be a result of comparison with the target value, for example, the difference between the skin resistance value, the end limb temperature, and the like, and the difference between the HRV analysis result and the target value; or may be the user's autonomic nervous information, For example, sympathetic activity is inhibited and/or parasympathetic activity is increased. Therefore, the content of the information may vary depending on the measured physiological signal, the user's needs, and the like, without limitation.
  • the manner in which the information providing unit provides information during the physiological feedback training also has various options.
  • information when information is provided by visual means, it can be implemented to display real-time changes of physiological signals by using characters, physiological signals. Real-time analysis of results, real-time comparisons with target values, and/or user's autonomic nervous information, in such a way that users can adjust their physical and mental conditions by understanding their own real-time physiological changes to gradually reach the target physiology
  • it may be implemented to provide a user with a difference between the target value by using a change in graphics, illuminance, light flicker frequency, etc., since the target value generally represents a relatively relaxed and stable physiological state of mind and body.
  • the graph when When the target value is near, the graph can be expressed by slowing down the graph, the brightness of the light is reduced, or the blinking frequency is slow.
  • the difference from the target value is larger, it means that the user's physical and mental tension is higher. It is expressed by means of strong graphic changes, increased luminance, or faster blinking frequency.
  • the user can know the real-time change of the physiological signal, the real-time analysis result of the physiological signal, and/or the target value by means of a voice reminder.
  • Real-time comparison results, etc.; or, the difference between the performance and the target value can be expressed by the frequency and/or volume of the sound.
  • the louder the volume and the higher the frequency the more nervous the user's physical and mental condition is, and the difference from the target value.
  • the information When the information is provided by the haptic method, it may be implemented to use vibration to remind whether the target range is reached, or may be represented by the time interval of generating the vibration signal and/or the strength of the vibration, etc., and whether the target range and/or target is reached.
  • the difference between the values may cause the user to relax when the target range is exceeded, or may be, the stronger the vibration and the shorter the vibration interval, the more the user's physical and mental condition is tight, and the target value is The larger the gap, the weaker the vibration and the longer the vibration interval, the more relaxed the user is and the closer to the target value.
  • the information providing manner of the information providing unit is not limited regardless of the sensing element used and regardless of the detected physiological signal.
  • physiological feedback can also be performed by means of breathing guidance to achieve an effect that affects autonomic nerve activity.
  • breathing can also be directly controlled by autonomic consciousness.
  • the effect of respiration on the autonomic nervous system is to increase parasympathetic activity during exhalation and increase sympathetic activity during inhalation.
  • Many studies have shown that the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves can be altered by controlling breathing.
  • respiratory rate, tidal volume, and ratio during exhalation/inhalation are factors affecting sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
  • slower rate can reduce the activity of sympathetic nerves, while faster rate will make sympathetic Increased neurological activity.
  • the respiratory rate of a typical adult falls within the range of 10-18 times per minute.
  • the rate of respiration can be reduced to 5-8 times per minute, it can help increase parasympathetic nerves.
  • the activity in addition, when the ratio during the exhalation/inhalation period is increased, that is, when there is a longer exhalation period relative to the inspiratory period, the activity of the parasympathetic nerve can also be improved.
  • the present invention is by providing a respiratory guidance signal having a breathing pattern that is advantageous for adjusting blood pressure, for example, falling at a respiratory rate of 5-8 times per minute which reduces sympathetic activity, and/or Under the premise of natural breathing, the increased exhalation period is provided to the user through the information providing unit, so that the user can adjust the breathing following the change mode, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the blood pressure.
  • the breathing guide signal is to provide a fixed guiding signal to prompt the user to adjust the breathing to be the same, and thereby achieve the effect of adjusting the blood pressure
  • the fixed guiding signal may be For example, a breathing rate that contributes to lowering blood pressure, for example, 8 times per minute, or a guide for increasing the ratio during exhalation/inhalation, without limitation, and providing a plurality of fixed pilot signals, for example, each 7 times in minutes, 6 times per minute or 5 times per minute, etc., and let the user choose the guiding signal that meets his own needs.
  • Another option is to provide a gradual guidance signal that allows the user's breathing to gradually approach the desired breathing rate and the ratio of exhalation/inhalation periods.
  • the gradual guidance signal can be implemented to provide gradual The slow breathing mode allows the user to gradually adapt to avoid a sudden drop in speed and cause discomfort.
  • the first 5 minutes provide a rate of 10 per minute
  • the middle 5 minutes provides each The rate of 8 times per minute, and the rate of 6 times per minute in the last 5 minutes, can also be implemented as a gradual increase
  • the first 5 minutes provide a 1:1 lead during the exhalation/inhalation period
  • the middle 5 minutes provides a 2:1 ratio
  • a 5:1 ratio is provided for 5 minutes.
  • a physiological signal sensing unit is used in combination to detect a physiological signal that can respond to changes in breathing, the user can know whether his breathing matches the breathing guidance signal and adjust his breathing in real time, and if After a period of time, for example, after a period of breathing training in the same breath, or after repeated breathing training, it is still not possible to keep up with the pilot signal, and the user can choose another A pilot signal that is closer to the current physiological conditions to avoid disturbing the breathing in order to comply with the pilot signal.
  • the information about the breathing mode obtained above can also be used as a basis for adjusting the breathing guidance signal, thereby providing a dynamic guiding signal that can be adjusted in real time by the user, that is, using the real-time use.
  • the breathing condition of the person to know what the breathing rate is and/or whether it falls within a rate range that is conducive to lowering blood pressure, and to dynamically adjust the guiding signal, so that the user can reach the breathing guide in the most relaxed and comfortable manner. The effect of training.
  • the user when the measured breath has fallen within a preset rate that is conducive to lowering blood pressure, for example, less than 8 times per minute, the user is allowed to breathe without Guided, only when the breathing mode is found to be out of range, for example, too fast, guiding; in another preferred embodiment, the guiding signal drives the user's breathing rate to be slow in a segmental change manner, And if it is found that the user cannot follow the rhythm of the pilot signal within a certain time after the guiding rate is slowed, the respiratory guiding rate of the previous segment is restored, and the temperature is slowed again after a certain time. By repeating such a procedure, the user's breathing can be gently guided toward the target breathing mode. Therefore, it can be changed according to the current physiological state of the user or the actual needs, thereby providing various dynamic guiding methods without limitation.
  • the step is performed to detect a physiological signal that changes due to respiratory influence on the autonomic nerve, as described above, to provide information on the related autonomic nervous activity during respiratory guided training, and to let the user know whether the breathing adjustment is for autonomic nervous activity. It has the desired effect, for example, whether a reduction in sympathetic activity that contributes to blood pressure reduction has been achieved.
  • the information providing unit can display the information about the heart rate, the skin electrical activity, the temperature of the limb end, and the like in real time while providing the respiratory guidance signal, and/or the related breathing and heart rate obtained by spectrum calculation. Synchronization information, so the user can know in real time the effect of breathing adjustment on the autonomic nerve, for example, whether the activity of the parasympathetic nerve is improved, or whether the activity of the sympathetic nerve has decreased, etc.
  • the physiological feedback procedure using the respiratory guidance signal can be made more efficient.
  • only the information providing unit outputs a respiratory guidance signal in addition to the information providing the relevant physiological signal for the user to use as a basis for adjusting his own breathing.
  • the information providing unit may be implemented in a form combined with a component worn on the user, or may be combined with an operation interface of the device.
  • the pilot signal can be guided in a visual, auditory and/or tactile manner, and is not limited.
  • the choice of visual guidance includes, but is not limited to, graphic changes, text display, change in illumination brightness, and/or change in signal number, etc., all of which are suitable methods, for example, utilizing a pattern of breathing changes in the display element.
  • the pattern guides the user to inhale and exhale; or the amount of LED light changes to represent inhalation and exhalation; or the text can be used to directly inform the user to inhale and exhale.
  • the selection includes, but is not limited to, sound changes and voices.
  • the intensity of the sound may represent the change of inhalation and exhalation; or the sound type represents the inhalation and Exhale, let the user follow, for example, bird screams, waves, different music tracks, etc.; or can also inform the user by voice
  • the inhalation or exhalation may be performed.
  • the breathing guidance training is started, the breathing mode of the user may be guided by the "inhalation" and "exhalation” voice indications in accordance with the breathing change mode, and when the use is detected.
  • vibration guidance it is preferred to provide a change in vibration by means of a combination of components in contact with the user's body, for example, a housing carried with a cuff, a compressed pulsed belt.
  • the components of the wearable structure of the physiological signal sensing unit are combined, and the manner of changing the vibration is also not limited.
  • it can be implemented to use the vibration signal to remind the user of the correct exhalation and/or inhalation initiation. At the time point, or only when the user's breathing mode is found to be deviated from the preset target guiding signal, vibration guidance or the like is generated.
  • the user can close the eyes during the breathing guide training, which is more conducive to body relaxation and breathing adjustment.
  • the execution time of the breathing guide training can also be changed according to the actual needs of the user. For example, it can be provided for a fixed number of time lengths, for example, 10 minutes, 15 minutes or 20 minutes, for the user to select. In addition, it can also be implemented to vary according to physiological conditions during training, and there is no limitation.
  • the respiratory guidance signal (which may be a fixed, gradual or dynamic pilot signal) may also be implemented to be output to the external device via the information providing unit and the wired/wireless transmission module.
  • the external device For example, a smartphone, a tablet, a smart watch, etc., and the external device provides the breathing guidance signal to the user for breathing training.
  • the respiratory guidance signal is implemented to be generated by the external device and provided to the user, and the external device further proceeds from the letter.
  • the information providing unit receives the information about the breathing mode of the relevant user obtained by the physiological signal sensing unit to provide the breathing guiding signal to the user, or serves as a basis for adjusting the breathing guiding signal.
  • the external device may further store information of the relevant user breathing mode that is required to be received as a reference for subsequent viewing of the record.
  • the physiological sensing element can be implemented as a sensor commonly used in the market to detect breathing, for example, breathing motion sensing provided on the chest and/or the abdomen.
  • Components to sense body cavity fluctuations caused by breathing for example, RIP straps (Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography (RIP), and piezo respiratory effort belt), placed in the nasal respiratory tract
  • the respiratory airflow tube detects changes in respiratory airflow and a thermal sensor disposed between the nose and mouth to sense changes in temperature of the respiratory airflow.
  • the blood pressure management device is provided with a respiratory motion sensing element, such as a piezoelectric breathing band sensor or a RIP strap, to obtain a breathing signal of the user during breathing guided training.
  • a respiratory motion sensing element such as a piezoelectric breathing band sensor or a RIP strap
  • the user sets the strap on the chest or abdomen, relaxes the mood and begins to breathe, and according to the respiratory guidance signal on the display element (and the information related to the physiological signal that changes due to breathing) Or adjust the breathing of the sound, and complete the breathing guide training process after a period of time.
  • FIG. 14 it can also be implemented as two straps, which are not limited, and, as studies have also pointed out, the use of abdominal breathing helps to increase the activity of parasympathetic nerves, and therefore, when using two straps When the belt is worn, it is possible to distinguish whether the user performs abdominal breathing by means of a separate arrangement on the chest and the abdomen.
  • changes in breathing can also be known by observing fluctuations in blood volume caused by breathing, or by measuring heart rate.
  • blood volume fluctuations can be observed, for example, in arteries, veins, and microvessels.
  • the light sensor information about the fluctuation of blood volume can be obtained by analyzing the optical signal that penetrates or reflects from the blood of the subject, thereby knowing the breathing behavior of the user; further, since the heart rate is controlled by the autonomic nerve Control, so breathing will cause changes in the heartbeat due to the influence of the autonomic nervous system, that is, the so-called sinus arrhythmia (RSA), in general, during the inhalation will accelerate the heartbeat, while breathing Then the heartbeat is slowed down, so the breathing change can be known by observing the heart rate. Therefore, sensors capable of acquiring a heart rate sequence as described above, such as light sensors, electrocardiographic electrodes, etc., can be used to provide information on respiratory changes during respiratory guided training.
  • the amplitude of the RSA peaks and troughs that is, the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the heart rate during a breathing cycle, it is related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system. This information is provided to the user in real time as a basis for the user to adjust physiological activities.
  • the heart rate sequence can be obtained by using the upper finger-clip photosensor, and the sensor setting can be further confirmed by the heart rate.
  • the better harmony and synchronization between breathing and heart rate represents a more orderly and coordinated heartbeat rhythm, that is, the human body is in a relatively relaxed and stable state. It is used to judge the effectiveness of respiratory guidance training and/or as information provided to the user in real time by analyzing whether the breathing and heart rate are harmonious and synchronized. For example, for example, frequency domain analysis can be performed on the heart rate sequence, when the spectrum is more When concentrating, it means that the synchronization between the two is higher, or the phase difference between the two can be calculated.
  • the ear-wearing structure and the finger-wearing structure are provided with electrodes to obtain an electrocardiographic signal, and the breathing signal is obtained by matching the straps, and the same effect can be achieved; or An electrocardiographic electrode can be added to the inside of the strap to contact the skin to obtain an ECG signal. Therefore, it can be changed according to the actual needs and usage habits of the user, and there is no limit.
  • the blood pressure management device in order to enable the user to know the effect of the physiological feedback performed by the user in real time, the blood pressure management device according to the present invention also provides an operation flow for the user to provide physiological feedback.
  • the training effect is evaluated immediately after the training is completed.
  • Figure 16 is a flow chart showing the operation of the blood pressure management device according to the present invention.
  • the cuff is first wrapped around the arm, and if the physiological signal sensing unit is provided, the physiological signal sensing unit, for example, an electrocardiographic electrode or a photo sensor, is set.
  • the physiological signal sensing unit for example, an electrocardiographic electrode or a photo sensor
  • the blood pressure measurement After pressing the start button, the blood pressure measurement starts, the pressure band is inflated and deflated to obtain the blood pressure value and displayed to the user, and then the physiological feedback procedure is started, and during the physiological feedback, according to the performed procedure and
  • the difference in the measured physiological signals may provide information about the measured physiological signals, information about related autonomic nerves, trends in related blood pressure trends, and/or respiratory guidance signals, etc., for the user to Physiological feedback is performed, and when the training is over, the device begins another blood pressure measurement, that is, the pressure band is again inflated and deflated to obtain the blood pressure value after physiological feedback training, so that as long as the training is compared With the blood pressure value after training, the user can know the effectiveness of the physiological feedback training.
  • the above operation flow may also be implemented by means of guiding, for example, by the information providing unit, or the external device executing a program, and providing a guiding instruction in an audible or visual manner, and the user Simply follow the instructions to complete the physiological feedback training easily and naturally and learn about the effects of the training.
  • the user when the device is activated, the user may be instructed to surround the cuff with an upper limb, and if the physiological sensing component is provided, the physiological sensing component is set, and then, through the cuff Blood pressure measurement is performed to obtain blood pressure values before physiological feedback training, and then the user is guided to start physiological feedback training, and during physiological feedback, according to the performed procedure and the measured physiological signals, the user may be provided.
  • the blood pressure measurement is performed using the cuff belt to obtain the blood pressure value after training.
  • the operation guiding mechanism is mainly presented by voice, for example, by "please attach the pressure band”, “please start blood pressure measurement”, “please start performing physiological feedback training”, “please follow the screen”
  • the user is prompted to reduce the complexity of the operation by guiding the breathing, "please start the blood pressure measurement again", etc.
  • the ear can be used with the physiological signal sensing unit
  • a combined sound module is implemented, for example, as a physiological sensing element in the form of a headset to further simplify operational complexity.
  • the display of the user's operation steps may be provided by means of screen display, or the voice and screen display may be simultaneously used for guidance.
  • an external device may be further utilized as a medium for guiding the operation flow, for example, for example. , smartphones, tablets, etc., therefore, there is no limit.
  • the blood pressure management device of the present invention has multiple functions, in addition to being able to detect the user's autonomic nerve activity, providing respiratory guidance, and performing HRV measurement and analysis, as well as information on the synchronization of heart rate and respiration, etc., also have a blood pressure measurement function. Therefore, the user can perform blood pressure to perform training while confirming blood pressure in the same device. Whether the purpose of the adjustment is achieved is quite efficient, and in order to perform physiological feedback training, the user only needs to additionally increase the action of wearing the physiological signal sensing unit in addition to the actions required to perform the blood pressure measurement, without complicated The operating procedure is simple and convenient.
  • the final result shows that there are various ways, for example, the blood pressure value measured before and after the breathing guide training can be displayed at the same time, or the difference between the two blood pressure values can be displayed, and in addition, The length of the training is displayed, and the user is informed of the relationship between the length of the training and the change in the blood pressure value. Therefore, there is no limitation, mainly to let the user know the change in the blood pressure value.
  • the blood pressure management device in addition to the above-described process for allowing the user to simultaneously perform blood pressure measurement and physiological feedback training and know the training effect, the blood pressure management device according to the present invention also has another reminding mechanism, as shown in FIG. 17, which can be after blood pressure measurement.
  • the blood pressure value is found to be too high, for example, when the value is higher than a preset value, the user is reminded to perform physiological feedback training to perform blood pressure adjustment, so that the user can naturally perform physiological feedback training, which is quite convenient.
  • the reminder can also have different options, such as screen display, light number display, sound or voice reminder, and/or vibration reminder, etc.
  • the preset value of the blood pressure is too high, and can be used by the user. Set or follow the set value of the device itself, for example, the blood pressure standard of the WHO, there is no limit.
  • the blood pressure management device can be further implemented to perform physiological signal extraction while measuring blood pressure, in addition to the blood pressure value after the blood pressure measurement is completed.
  • the HRV analysis result is also provided to the user.
  • the time series of the user's heartbeat interval can be obtained while the blood pressure measurement is performed by using physiological sensing elements such as a light sensor, an electrocardiographic electrode, and/or a pressure sensor. Then, an HRV analysis is performed on the time series to thereby obtain information about autonomic nervous activity.
  • the HRV analysis performed may be selected according to requirements.
  • a frequency domain may be performed to obtain total power (TP) that can be used to evaluate the overall heart rate variability, and the reaction may be reflected in the parasympathetic sense.
  • High Frequency Power HF
  • LF low frequency power
  • LF/HF low-frequency power ratio
  • the degree of harmony of the operation of the autonomous nerve can be known by observing the state of the frequency distribution; or, time domain analysis can be performed (Time Domain).
  • SDANN which can be used as an indicator of long-term overall heart rate variability
  • RMSSD which can be used as an indicator of short-term overall heart rate variability, and can be used to estimate high-frequency variation in heart rate variability.
  • the correlation between high blood pressure and the autonomic nervous system can be further judged by the HRV analysis result, for example, whether the sympathetic activity is too high or the autonomic nervous system is imbalanced. Caused, quite convenient.
  • the time required for HRV analysis is longer, it can also be as shown in Figure 19. As shown, when it is found that the blood pressure value is too high, for example, above a predetermined value, the user is reminded to perform HRV measurement to determine whether the high blood pressure is related to the autonomic nerve by the HRV analysis result.
  • the blood pressure management device can store the blood pressure measurement result of the user in real time and for a long time through the built-in memory, and simultaneously record the process of the user training, and thus, In chronological order, the present invention will provide cross-analysis results for the user different from the individual blood pressure measuring device or physiological feedback training device.
  • the user may select a certain time point, for example, the blood pressure value measured before the physiological feedback training has been used as a reference value, and then compare the reference value with each time the training is performed, for example, The comparison result is automatically generated by the system, so that the user can obtain a clear quantitative value, for example, the relationship between the cumulative number of training and the change in blood pressure, which will help increase the motivation for the user to continue training.
  • a clear quantitative value for example, the relationship between the cumulative number of training and the change in blood pressure, which will help increase the motivation for the user to continue training.
  • the effects of physiological feedback training have cumulative effects, long-term observations will be more helpful in understanding the effects of physiological feedback on blood pressure adjustment.
  • the blood pressure management device capable of providing both blood pressure adjustment and blood pressure measurement functions according to the present invention provides a means for the user to adjust blood pressure through physiological feedback training, and during the execution of the physiological feedback procedure,
  • the physiological sensing element for obtaining a physiological signal related to autonomic nervous activity is provided on the user by wearing the form, and provides long-term and stable contact between the physiological sensing element and the human body to obtain high quality.
  • the physiological signal and also because of the blood pressure measurement function provided at the same time, allows the user to confirm the effect of physiological feedback on blood pressure adjustment in real time; in addition, the blood pressure management device according to the present invention can also assist the user by providing a respiratory guidance signal.
  • Performing a physiological feedback procedure can also effectively achieve the effect of adjusting blood pressure; in addition, through the physiological feedback training process and blood pressure measurement recorded in chronological order, the user can easily monitor changes in blood pressure values, and physiological feedback training on blood pressure changes. The impact will help to achieve more effective blood pressure adjustment

Abstract

一种用以调整血压的血压管理装置、系统及方法。在自律神经系统训练区段中,该血压管理装置用作为生理反馈馈工具并提供血压测量功能。在自律神经系统训练区段期间,生理信号感测单元被依附至使用者身上,取得相关于受自律神经系统影响的生理活动的生理信号,且根据该生理信号产生代表该生理活动的信息并实时提供给使用者,以作为使用者通过生理反馈而调节自身生理活动的基础,进而达成影响血压的效果。

Description

用以调整血压的血压管理装置、系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种血压管理装置及方法,特别涉及一种同时提供调整及测量血压功能的血压管理装置,以及通过该装置而管理血压的方法。
背景技术
心血管疾病是影响心脏、血管或两者的疾病,而造成心血管疾病的其中一个最常见原因就是高血压。高血压不但是冠状动脉性心脏病的危险因子,也是发生中风的重要致病原因,因此,世界卫生组织已将高血压列为是世界性的早期死亡重要原因之一。
已知,自律神经系统(Autonomic Nervous System,ANS)是大部分在非意识状况下作用的控制系统,其主要在于控制内脏功能,例如,心率,消化,流汗,以及呼吸,ANS包括交感神经系统(SNS)以及副交感神经系统(PNS),其中,SNS通常是负责攻击或逃走(fight or flight),而PNS则通常是负责休息及消化(rest and digest),在许多情况下,PNS以及SNS具有相反的作用,其中一个会活化一项生理反应,而另一个则抑制它。
在血管系统中,交感神经活化会使动脉收缩,进而增加血管阻力以及减少远端的血流,而当此在人体中发生时,增加的血管阻力则是会造成动脉压力增加,另外,因交感神经所导致的静脉收缩则是会减少静脉顺应性以及血液容量,进而增加静脉血压,所以,交感神经活化所造成的整体效果是,增加心脏输出、系统血管阻力(动脉及静脉)及动脉血压。
有相当大量的证据显示,有一些自律神经的控制效果是可通过生 理反馈训练而被改变。生理反馈训练是一种学习程序,在此程序中,人体是运用意识而控制受自律神经系统控制的生理过程,在训练期间,人体中随着自律神经系统而改变的生物信号,例如,心率或皮肤温度,会受到监测,并实时反馈给受试者,因此,受试者就可藉此而加强所需的反应,所以,对有高血压问题的人而言,生理反馈训练是影响血压的可行方法。
此外,研究亦显示,控制呼吸可以影响交感神经以及副交感神经的平衡,一般而言,交感神经活性可通过降低呼吸速率(respiration rate)、改变潮气量(Tidal volume)及/或增加呼气期间/吸气期间的比例而被降低,因此,通过改变呼吸速率的方式,就能非侵入地且简单地通过降低交感神经活性的方式而降低血压。
因此,对于希望通过生理反馈的方式而影响血压的使用者而言,确实有需要一种血压管理装置,可在提供使用者观察与影响自律神经活动的途径外,亦提供测量血压的功能,而让使用者在每次使用装置进行生理反馈训练时,可很自然且容易地察看先前储存的血压记录,并得知生理反馈训练的成效,以在无形中正向地激励使用者持续进行训练,另外,也可合理地让使用者能在训练之前及/或之后进行血压测量,以实时了解生理反馈训练的效果,更可在测量血压时激起进行生理反馈训练的想法,两者相辅相成,让血压管理的目的更有效实现。
再者,当需于生理反馈训练期间取得生理信号时,生理信号的取得方式亦是影响使用效果及意愿的重要因素。众所周知,生理反馈训练进行的时间较长,因此,在选择用以取得生理信号的生理传感器时,有几点需要考量的重点,例如,传感器若能在长时间内维持与皮肤间的稳定接触,就可避免在生理反馈期间出现不稳定的生理反馈信息;另外,若能尽量减少使用者为了维持生理传感器与皮肤间的接触所需付出的注意力,就可避免让使用者出现无法专心或无法放松地进行生理反馈的情形,并且,容易安装且低操作困难度的传感器设计,也有 助于让使用者以更轻松的身心状态进行生理反馈训练;再者,若能提供可重复使用的生理传感器,就可让使用者在低花费的情形下长期使用,以因应生理反馈训练需长期进行以累积效应的特性。据此,本发明在实现血压管理装置时,即是以此些作为考量的基础。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一目的在于提供一种血压管理装置,其同时提供调整及测量血压的功能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种血压管理装置,其是通过自律神经生理反馈训练而提供使用者调整血压的途径。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种血压管理装置,其采用穿戴式生理信号感测单元,以让生理感测元件可长时间且稳定地设置于使用者身体上,进而有利于在反馈训练期间取得高品质的生理信号。
本发明的再一目的在于提供一种血压管理装置,其于生理反馈训练期间,通过提供使用者相关自律神经的信息而达到反馈的效果,而有助于进行血压调整。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种血压管理装置,其可于使用者通过呼吸训练而进行生理反馈的期间,提供呼吸导引,以进一步帮助血压调整的进行。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种血压管理装置,其于使用者通过呼吸训练而进行生理反馈的期间,通过提供使用者相关呼吸的信息而达到生理反馈的效果,而有利于血压调整的进行。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种血压管理装置,其通过于反馈训练前以充气压脉带取得血压值的方式,而得出血压值与生理感测元件 所取得的生理信号间的相对关系,进而可于生理反馈训练期间提供有关血压变化趋势的信息。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种血压管理方法,其具有一操作流程,以让使用者可自然记录下反馈训练期间前后的血压值,有助于了解生理反馈训练的成效。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种血压管理方法,用以在检测到血压值高于一预设值时,提醒使用者进行一生理反馈训练。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种血压管理方法,可于血压测量期间亦取得可进行HRV分析的生理信号,以同时显示血压值及HRV分析结果,进而让使用者可了解血压值与自律神经活动间的关系。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种血压管理方法,可在检测到血压值高于一预设值时,提醒使用者进行一HRV测量,以通过HRV分析结果而让使用者了解血压值与自律神经活动间的关系。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种血压管理方法,可记录下所测得的血压值以及反馈训练的过程,以作为使用者观察血压变化与生理反馈训练间关系的基础。
附图说明
图1显示根据本发明的血压管理装置的方块示意图;
图2-3显示根据本发明血压管理装置,采用光传感器的示范性实例;
图4A-4C显示根据本发明血压管理装置,光传感器与压脉带结合的示范性实例;
图4D-4E显示根据本发明血压管理装置,光传感器与壳体结合的示范性实例;
图5显示根据本发明血压管理装置,光传感器与压脉带结合的示范性实例;
图6显示根据本发明血压管理装置,采用心电电极的示范性实例;
图7A-7C显示根据本发明血压管理装置,电极与压脉带结合的示范性实例;
图8A-8C显示根据本发明血压管理装置采用图7A-7C所示电极设置的示范性实例;
图9A-9C显示本发明血压管理装置的电极与壳体结合的示范性实例;
图10显示本发明血压管理装置的另一实施实例示意图;
图11显示本发明血压管理装置,实施为检测皮肤电活动的示范性实例;
图12显示本发明血压管理装置,实施为检测肢体末稍温度的示范性实例;
图13-14显示本发明血压管理装置,采用呼吸动作感测绑带的示范性实例;
图15显示本发明血压管理装置,采用呼吸动作感测绑带以及指戴光传感器的示范性实施例;以及
图16-19显示本发明血压管理装置的操作流程图。
其中,附图标记说明如下:
10    壳体
11    指戴式光传感器
12    耳戴式光传感器
13    光传感器
14    压脉带
15    粘扣带
111   表面
112   承载结构
113   电极
114    开口
具体实施方式
本发明涉及同时具有血压调整功能以及血压测量功能的血压管理装置,且在本发明中,该血压调整功能是通过执行相关于自律神经系统(ANS,Autonomic Nervous System)的生理反馈程序而实现。
首先,请参阅图1,其显示根据本发明的血压管理装置的方块示意图。该血压管理装置包括一控制电路,一充气式压脉带,一泵,以及一信息提供单元,其中,该控制电路用以控制该血压管理装置的运作,该压脉带用以环绕使用者的一肢体,且可通过该泵而进行充气及放气,产生压力改变,进而检测使用者的血压,以及该信息提供单元是用以将信息提供给使用者。
再者,为了实现通过进行生理反馈而调整血压的目的,根据本发明的血压管理装置进一步包括了一生理信号感测单元,以于执行生理反馈期间测量因生理反馈而发生变化的生理信号,且其中,该生理信号感测单元包括一穿戴结构,以及与该穿戴结构相结合的一生理感测元件,因此,在提取生理信号的期间,该生理感测元件是通过该穿戴结构而设置于使用者身上。
在此,特别地,根据本发明的该生理信号感测单元是实施为穿戴的形式,这是因为,众所周知,生理反馈的进行需要持续一预设的时间区段,例如,15分钟或是更长的时间,因此,为了让使用者可以在执行生理反馈时无须担心生理感测元件的设置情形,本发明是利用穿戴结构承载生理感测元件的方式,而使生理感测元件可长时间且稳定地设置于使用者身上,此不但有利于取得稳定的生理信号,也让使用者可更为专心地执行生理反馈程序。
因此,利用本发明的该血压管理装置进行生理反馈训练的程序是: 首先,使用者通过该穿戴结构而将该生理信号感测单元设置于身上,以在训练期间持续取得生理信号,接着,开始生理反馈训练后,该控制电路执行预载的一演算式,以对所取得的生理信号进行分析,及/或将分析结果与一预设目标进行比较,之后,所取得的生理信号,相关分析结果的信息,及/或相关于比较结果的信息,通过该信息提供单元而被实时地提供给使用者,使用者在接收到信息后,通过稳定情绪、放松身心等方式而调整自身的身心状况,进而影响自律神经,并反应在所测量的生理信号以及所提供的信息的改变上,因此,使用者就可通过得知信息的改变而不断地调整身心状况,并逐渐朝向目标的生理状态。此即所谓的生理反馈回路。
所以,在本发明中,该信息提供单元所提供的信息可包括,但不限于,利用压脉带进行血压测量时所取得的信息,例如,血压值,以及平均心率等,以及进行生理反馈训练所需的信息,例如,代表实时生理状况的信息,以及引导使用者朝向目标生理状况的信息。
该信息提供单元提供信息的方式包括,但不限于,视觉、听觉、以及触觉等方式,举例而言,该信息提供单元可实施为显示元件及/或发光元件,以利用文字显示、图形变化及/或灯号变化等方式而提供信息;或者,该信息提供单元也可实施为发声模块,以通过声音频率或音量的改变或语音的方式而提供信息;又或者,该信息提供单元亦可实施为振动模块,并利用如振动的强弱、长短等变化方式而提供信息。
另外,该信息提供单元亦可进一步实施为,经由一有线传输模块或一无线传输模块而将信息输出至一外部装置,以通过该外部装置而将该信息提供予使用者,其中,该外部装置可以是,但不限于,一个人电脑、一智能手机、一平板电脑或是一智能手表等,只需是能够将该信息提供给使用者的装置即可,因此,没有限制。
此外,该信息提供单元的实施形式亦有许多选择,举例而言,在 一较佳实施例中,其是实施为与穿戴于使用者身上的部件相结合,例如,压脉带以及生理信号感测单元;替代地,在另一较佳实施例中,其则实施为与装置的操作接口相结合,例如,显示屏幕、指示灯等,因此,可依实际实施的需求而选择合适的形式。
在本发明中,由于主要目的在于通过执行影响自律神经系统的生理反馈程序而达到调整血压的效果,因此,该生理信号感测单元所感测的生理信号,乃是能够反应自律神经的活动的生理信号。
一般而言,自律神经系统的活动可通过HRV(Heart Rate Variability,心率变异率)分析而得知,因此,该生理感测元件的选择之一就是可检测使用者心率序列的传感器,举例而言,利用光传感器检测脉搏,在此,光传感器是指具有光发射元件以及光接收元件,并利用PPG(photoplethysmography,光体积变化描记图)原理而取得光讯号的传感器,例如,利用穿透方式或反射方式进行测量者,或是利用心电电极测量心电图,皆可取得用以进行HRV分析的心率序列;另外,亦可用压力传感器取得心率序列,例如,利用压脉带,或者,将压力传感器直接至于动脉上,例如桡骨动脉,同样可通过取得连续脉波而得出心率序列。
在此,上述利用生理感测元件取得心率序列(无论是通过检测脉波或是心电图)的叙述,在于表示利用生理感测元件取得使用者心跳间隔的一时间序列,而HRV分析即是对该时间序列进行分析。因此,在接下来的内容中,两种叙述方式是视情况而交替使用,两者代表相同的意义。
而除了进行HRV分析外,亦可通过观察受自律神经系统影响的生理信号的变化情形而得知自律神经系统的活动,例如,心率,皮肤电活动(EDA,Electrodermal Activity),肢体末稍温度等,其中,心率受到交感神经与副交感神经两者的调控,当交感神经活性增加时,心 率变快,当副交感神经活性增加时,心率则变慢,因此可通过观察心率而得知两者间的活性消长情形;另外,由于汗腺分泌仅受交感神经影响,且当交感神经活性增加时,汗腺活动增加,因此可通过测量皮肤电活动(EDA,Electrodermal Activity)的方式得知交感神经的活性增减;再者,因为传送至肢体末端皮肤的血管仅受交感神经影响,当交感神经活性降低时,血管收缩减少,管径变大,血流增加,皮肤表面温度上升,因此也可通过测量肢体末稍皮肤温度而推知交感神经相对于副交感神经的活性增减。
在此,需要注意地是,在本发明中,无论是通过执行HRV分析或是通过观察受自律神经系统影响的生理信号的变化而得知自律神经系统的活动,在执行生理反馈程序的期间,都可通过该信息提供单元而将相关的信息实时提供给使用者,以作为使用者进行身心调整的依据,例如,可以实时提供HRV分析的结果,心率,皮肤电活动情形,及/或肢体末稍温度变化等,而且,所提供的信息易不限于仅一种,可以有各种选择。
以实时HRV分析为例,由于HRV分析是对一段时间内心率序列进行分析,因此,实时HRV分析的进行可通过移动时间窗格(Moving Window)的概念而实施,亦即,先决定一计算时间区段,例如,1分钟或2分钟,之后,通过不断将此时间区段向后推移的方式,例如,每5秒计算一次,就可持续地得到HRV分析结果,例如,每5秒获得一HRV分析结果,因而实现提供实时HRV分析结果的目的,另外,亦可采用加权计算(weighting)的概念,适度地增加较接近分析时间的生理信号的计算比重,以让分析结果更贴近实时的生理状况。
接着,请参阅图2,其显示根据本发明血压管理装置的一实施实例的示意图,在此实例中,该生理信号感测单元是实施为一指戴式光传感器11,以检测使用者的连续脉波,所以,在此情形下,可通过所测得的连续脉波而得知使用者的心率序列,且在取得心率序列后就可进 行HRV分析,进而得知自律神经系统的活动,或者,也可通过观察心率而推知交感神经及副交感神经的活性消长,在此,图中所示虽为设置于指尖的指夹形式光传感器,但也可以实施为以其他形式而设置于手上,例如,实施为戒指形式、环绕于指节的带体或是夹设于手指的近端指节的形式等,而且,也不限于将光传感器设置于手指的那个部位。
另外,如图3所示,光传感器12亦可实施为耳戴形式,同样可通过所测得的连续脉波而得知使用者的心率序列,并在取得心率序列后进行HRV分析,进而得知自律神经系统的活动,或者,也可通过观察心率而推知交感神经及副交感神经的活性消长。在此,图中所示虽为夹设于耳垂上的耳夹式光传感器,但也可以实施为以其他形式而设置于耳朵或是其邻近的区域上,例如,夹设于耳廓上、耳塞或是挂于耳朵上等形式,且接触的位置亦不受限制,例如,可接触耳垂、耳廓的内面或背面、耳廓与头壳的交界处附近,如,耳屏(tragus)附近处,耳道口或耳道内,及/或耳后的乳突骨(mastoid)附近等,因此,没有限制。
在此,需要注意地是,虽然图2-3中所显示之血压管理装置皆为壳体10与压脉带14分开的形式,但不受限的,亦可实施为壳体10由压脉带14承载的形式,例如,设置于上臂、前臂、或手腕的位置等,都是可实施的方式。
再者,如图4-5所示,该光传感器13亦可透过压脉带14而设置于上肢,例如,手腕,上臂,或是前臂上,而采用此种方式的优势是,当压脉带环绕肢体的动作完成后,光传感器的设置亦同时完成,更具方便性。
图4A-4B举例说明了当血压管理装置之壳体10是由压脉带14所承载时,光传感器13依附于压脉带上的可能情形。在图4A中,该光 传感器13被设置于压脉带14中,故在此情形下,该压脉带会在相对该光传感器的位置处具有一可透光部分,以让光传感器所发出的光通过,在此,该光传感器可采用各种波长的光,例如,可利用可见光或不可见光,如红光以及红外线(IR)等都是可使用的波长频段,因此,该可透过部分是指由可通过可见光及/或不可见光的材质所形成的部分,或是镂空的部分,没有限制。
在实际实施时,图4A的该光传感器13可实施为结合在壳体10的表面,或是与该壳体10分离并透过连接线而电连接至壳体10内的电路,另外,该光传感器与压脉带之间的关系亦可有不同的设置选择,例如,该光传感器可嵌设于该压脉带与上肢接触的内侧表面上,或是可设置于该压脉带内部,亦即,压脉带囊袋内,或是位在该壳体与该压脉带之间等,因此,可依实际需求而改变。
另外,光传感器13亦可透过一依附结构而设置于压脉带14上,例如,图4B显示了利用粘扣带15的情形;或者,实施为透过夹设的方式而设置于压脉带上,如图4C所示;或者,也可利用磁力吸附的方式而让光传感器依附至压脉带上,例如,可利用隔着压脉带彼此磁性相吸的两个部件,其中一个部件设置于壳体上或压脉带内部,以透过磁力而吸引承载该光传感器的另一部件,且两个部件可实施为两者皆具有磁性,或是一个部件具有磁力,而另一个部件可被磁力吸引,没有限制,在此,磁力可以透过于部件的内部设置磁性物质,或是直接由磁性物质制成部件而达成,另外,同样地,受磁力吸引的物质亦可设置于部件内部或用以形成部件。
进一步地,如图4B-4C所示之光传感器,亦可实施为可与壳体分开,只在有需要时再连接上即可,此外,除了利用连接线而延伸自壳体的情形外,还可实施为采用无线连接的方式,如此一来,光传感器的设置位置将可更为自由。
再者,图4D则是显示光传感器13与壳体10实施为一体成形的情形,且透过结构的设计,该光传感器13可在压脉带环绕肢体上时被设置于压脉带与肢体之间,以进行讯号的撷取,而替代地,该光传感器亦可实施为与该壳体一体成形且突出于压脉带之外,如图4E所示,如此一来,该光传感器仅会藉由压脉带环绕肢体的动作而贴紧肢体,但不夹置于压脉带与肢体之间,因此,有各种可能的实施方式。
进一步地,图4D-4E所示的该光传感器13与该壳体10之间亦可实施为可拆卸形式,例如,透过电连接器,或是透过机械结合结构,故在无须使用时,可自壳体分离,且在此,特别地是,该光传感器还可实施为与该壳体间仅进行机械结合,而所取得的讯号则是透过无线的方式进行传输。因此,可以有各种可能,没有限制。
所以,当壳体是由压脉带所承载时,该光传感器13可实施为与该压脉带及/或该壳体相结合,没有限制,只需在压脉带环绕于肢体的同时可完成提取生理讯号所需的设置即可。
另一方面,当壳体10实施为与压脉带14分离的情形时,该光传感器13则仅会被设置于压脉带上,例如,可采用如图4A-4C所示的依附形式,直接设置于压脉带上,或是透过魔鬼毡、夹子或磁力而依附于压脉带内侧,第5图即显示了光传感器夹设于压脉带边缘的情形,并且,同样地,可实施为有线或无线连接,而当采用有线连接时,作为举例,电连接线还可隐藏于压脉带的充气管中。因此,可依需求而实施为各种形式,没有限制。
而且,特别地是,只需透过结构的设计,该光传感器13亦可实施为可自该压脉带或壳体上取下而设置于身体的其他位置,例如,手指、耳朵等,如此一来,就可根据实际使用情况而变化设置位置,更具方便性。
在此,需注意地是,当光传感器实施为自如手腕,前臂,或上臂等位置取得生理讯号时,相较于穿透方式,较佳地是采用反射方式进行测量,可取得较佳的讯号。
此外,该光传感器除了用以检测脉搏变化进而取得心率外,亦可取得其他许多有关心血管系统的生理信息,例如,血氧浓度,血量变化等,举例而言,可藉由调整发光源的数量而取得不同的血液生理信息,例如,当具有两个发光组件时,就可取得血氧浓度的信息,因而可提供更多信息予使用者。
再者,也可利用心电电极测量心电图,进而获得心率序列。而在本发明中,特别地是,电极亦实施为可穿戴的形式,这是因为,在本发明中,测量心电图的主要目的在于取得生理反馈期间的心率序列,因此,必须于整个生理反馈期间维持电极与皮肤间的接触,而当此接触是由使用者主动施力实现时,除了会因长时间操作而造成使用者不便外,通常也会出现肌电信号干扰的问题,所以,针对这样的情形,本发明提出了利用穿戴结构承载电极,并通过该穿戴结构而维持电极与皮肤间的接触的方案,如此一来,使用者由于无须施力维持电极与皮肤间的接触,故可更专注于放松身心,另外也因此让肌电信号的干扰降至最低,更有利于取得高品质的心电信号,以及更准确的分析结果。
如图6即显示了两个心电电极分别实施为通过耳戴结构而与耳朵或耳朵附近的皮肤接触,以及通过指戴结构而接触手指皮肤的情形,提供了让使用者可轻松自然地进行生理反馈训练的配置;替代地,两个心电电极亦可皆实施为通过指戴结构而设置于手指上的形式;又或者,电极亦可选择实施为腕戴的形式,同样可以达到对主动对使用者施力并减少肌电信号干扰的效果。
在此,需要注意地是,虽然图中所示的耳戴结构为耳挂的形式, 但并不受限于此,也可实施为耳塞、夹于耳垂的耳夹或夹于耳廓的耳夹等各种形式,且其接触位置也没有限制,可接触耳垂、耳廓的内面或背面、耳廓与头壳的交界处附近,如,耳屏(tragus)附近处,耳道口或耳道内,及/或耳后的乳突骨(mastoid)附近等,或者,也可实施为利用磁力的方式而附着于耳朵上,举例而言,可利用隔着耳朵彼此磁性相吸的两个部件,并将电极设置于两个部件或其中一部件上的方式而达成,在此,两个部件可实施为具有磁性,例如,透过内部具有磁性物质、或本身即为磁性物质的方式,或是实施为由可受磁性吸引的材质所制成,举例而言,可以一个部件实施为具有磁力,而另一个部件可被磁力吸引,或者,也可是二个部件皆实施为具有磁力,可以有各种实施可能,没有限制。
同样地,指戴结构也可有不同的实施形式,例如,可实施为夹设于指尖、夹设于手指的近端指节处或是通过环绕手指的带体而固定等其他形式,而且,也不限于接触手指的那个部位,因此,可依实际需求而有所变化,没有限制。
另外,亦需注意地是,如此的配置中,耳戴式电极可选择地配戴于左耳或右耳,没有限制,然而,经实验后得知,另一电极的设置位置对于信号品质有相当程度的影响,其中,当另一电极设置于左上肢时,所获得的心电信号的品质远优于右上肢所取得的信号,因此,在以接触耳朵的方式而进行心电信号测量时,较佳地是将另一电极接触左上肢的皮肤,例如上臂,下臂,手腕,手掌,手指等处,以避免因将电极设置于右上肢而造成信号品质不良,进而导致分析产生误判。
再者,除了上述结合于穿戴结构上的电极的形式外,根据本发明的心电电极亦可实施为与装置本身的壳体或是压脉带相结合的形式,以通过环绕压脉带的动作而实现电极接触,同样无须使用者施力。
当电极实施为与压脉带相结合时,根据本发明的一较佳实施例, 类似上述的光传感器,电极可通过一依附结构而与该压脉带相结合,举例而言,如图7A所示,该依附机构可实施为相对应的一对粘附元件,例如,粘扣带,分别位于电极与压脉带上,以实现两者间的相互结合;或者,如图7B所示,该依附机构亦可实施为一夹具,与电极相结合,以通过夹设的方式而将电极设置于压脉带上;或者,如图7C所示,可以是一对金属扣具,以在结合的同时,同时实现电连接。
进一步地,该依附结构亦可实施为具有一壳体,以用于容置电路,举例而言,为了避免所取得的心电信号经由连接线感应环境噪声,可在取得信号时于电极附近先行进行处理,例如,放大、缓冲、滤波、数字化等电路处理,以确保信号的清晰度,此时,就可将电路容置于壳体中,也通过壳体的硬度增加电极与皮肤间的接触力,据此,该壳体也可进一步实施为具有符合所接触部位的人体工学的结构,例如,符合手臂的弧度等,因此,没有限制。
而也由于利用该依附机构的缘故,因此当使用者不需要使用心电电极时或需要清理压脉带时或需要更换电极时,例如,更换为不同材质的电极,就可方便地将电极自压脉带上取下及/或进行更换。
在此,与压脉带相结合的电极,可以是通过外部连接线而连接至壳体,如图7A以及图7B所示,或者,当壳体由压脉带所承载时,也可如图7C所示,其与电极间的电连接隐藏于压脉带内部,并利用扣接的方式设置于压脉带内侧,因此,没有限制。
所以,在实际实施时,若装置的壳体是由压脉带所承载时,就可如图8A(采用图7A的连接方式)以及图8B(采用图7C的连接方式)所示,让结合于压脉带上的电极接触受压脉带环绕的肢体的皮肤,再配合上耳戴结构将另一电极接触耳朵或耳朵附近的皮肤,而完成测量心电图所需的电极配置,或者,若壳体不为压脉带所承载时,如图8C(采用图7B的连接方式)所示,也可配合指戴结构而使另一电极接触 另一肢体手指的方式,因此,没有限制。
另外,当装置的壳体是由压脉带所承载时,若可将电极设置在当压脉带环绕于肢体上时壳体可接触至皮肤的位置上,就可通过环绕压脉带的动作而提供让电极接触手臂皮肤的主动施力,同样可减少肌电信号的干扰。
在此情形下,根据本发明的壳体的结构,如图9A-9C所示,是实施为在与压脉带结合的表面上具有一电极承载结构112,以在压脉带环绕于肢体上时接触上臂或前臂的皮肤,因此,当电极被设置于该电极承载结构上时,电极与皮肤的接触就同样可在安装压脉带的动作中完成。
举例而言,如图9A所示,该电极承载结构112可实施为位于接近压脉带的边缘,且该压脉带在相对应该承载结构的位置处实施为具有一开口114,因此,通过压脉带环绕上臂或前臂的动作就能同时实现电极113于皮肤间的接触,或者如图9B所示,也可实施为在压脉带之中具有一开口114,而该电极承载结构112则位于与其相对应的位置,再者,如图9C所示,该电极承载结构112则实施为位于压脉带的两侧外缘,如此一来就可在不改变压脉带的结构的情形下实现与皮肤的接触,在此,虽然图中显示两侧外缘皆具有该承载结构,但不受限地,亦可实施为仅设置于单侧外缘。
而更进一步地,该电极承载结构还可实施为具可收缩性,例如,可通过采用可伸缩机构而实现,或是采用具弹性材质的方式,以适应充气期间所可能出现的变化,也确保电极与皮肤间接触的稳定性。
并且,需要注意地是,虽然该电极承载结构可如图所示的实施为凸起的形式,但并不受限于此,可视壳体与压脉带之间的结合方式不同而有所改变,例如,亦可以是与壳体表面同等高度的承载结构,只 需可在压脉带环绕于手臂上时可实现电极与皮肤间的接触即可,没有限制。
因此,如图10所示,当一个电极被设置于壳体表面且通过环绕压脉带接触被环绕的肢体的皮肤时(如图9C所示的壳体结构),只要再配合上耳戴结构将电极接触耳朵或耳朵附近的皮肤,就可完成测量心电图所需的电极配置。当然,也可配合指戴结构而使另一电极接触另一肢体手指的方式,因此,没有限制。
再者,根据本发明的血压管理装置亦可通过测量皮肤电活动而得知自律神经活动于生理反馈期间的变化,如图11显示了于手上设置两个电极而检测皮肤电活动的改变的情形,或者,也可通过测量肢体末端温度变化而得知自律神经活动于生理反馈期间的变化,如图12所示。
更进一步地,在设置心电电极的穿戴结构中,还可增设光传感器,例如,设置于指戴结构或耳戴结构中,因此,通过所测得的心电信号以及脉波,就可得出脉波从心脏传至光传感器的感测位置所需的时间,也就是所谓的脉波传递时间(Pulse Transit Time,PTT),且由于PTT与影响血压高低的动脉血管硬度有关,因此就可通过PTT与的动脉血始血压值间特定的关系而计算出参考的血压值,如此一来,就可在生理反馈期间提供使用者实时的血压变化趋势;另外,类似地,也可藉由将光传感器设置于不同位置,例如,耳朵及手指,并通过计算两处脉波传递的时间差而得到同样的信息。
而本领域技术人员皆知,若欲藉由PTT计算出相对应的血压值,不可或缺地仍需利用标准血压测量装置进行校准,而由于根据本发明的装置同时具备有通过压脉带进行血压测量的功能,因此,此校准动作将可很方便地直接由同一个装置完成,使用者可在自然的操作中实现于生理反馈期间获得实时血压值的准备动作。
此外,特别地是,由于本发明同时具备通过压脉带进行血压测量的功能,因此,当结合可取得受自律神经影响的生理信号的生理传感元件时,根据本发明的血压管理装置将可在生理反馈训练期间实时地提供使用者相关于血压变化趋势的信息。
只需在生理反馈训练开始前,通过测量血压以及取得生理信号的步骤,分别取得起始血压值以及生理信号,并执行所测得的生理信号与该起始血压值之间的一校准程序,如此一来,就可将此时所测得生理信号视为是相对于该起始血压值的一基准值,接着,当开始进行生理反馈程序后,只需将持续取得的生理信号与该基准值进行比较,就可得知相关于血压值的变化趋势,在此,该生理信号可以是,但不限制,皮肤电活动、肢体末稍温度、心率等。
举例而言,若所检测的生理信号为皮肤电活动,则只需在生理反馈程序开始前分别取得血压值以及进行EDA检测(例如,以电阻值或电导值呈现),并将此数值视为一基准值,之后,基于电阻值会因交感神经活性增加而减小,且交感神经活性增加代表着血管收缩增加,血压上升,因此,就可在生理反馈期间,通过实时测得的电阻值的上升或下降,而提供使用者相关血压的变化趋势的信息。
另外,除了直接以所取得的生理信号的变化而推知血压变化趋势外,如前所述地,实时的HRV分析也可用以作为提供类似信息的基础,或是,前述的PTT同样也可用于推知血压变化趋势,因此没有限制。
而且,由于人体的生理状况随时在变化,因此,通过每次生理反馈训练前的血压测量,就可自然地完成重新校准,并得到符合当下生理状况的生理信号与血压值间的关系。
在使用上述各种感测元件进行生理反馈训练的情形下,该信息提供单元的实施形式可以有各种可能,例如,可实施为与耳戴结构、指 戴结构、壳体或压脉带等部件相结合,没有限制,另外,该信息提供单元也可通过有线或无线传输模块而将信息输出至外部装置,因此,可以有各种实施选择,没有限制。此外,提供信息的方式亦没有限制,可通过听觉、视觉、触觉等方式而呈现,例如,可实施为发声模块、振动模块及/或显示模块及/或发光元件等。
在一较佳实施例中,当与耳戴结构结合时,由于与耳朵接近,因此较佳地是实施为发声模块,让声音直接进入耳朵,提供较佳的隐密性,或者,由于该耳戴结构会接触皮肤,因此也可实施为振动模块,或者,亦可实施为延伸至眼前的显示模块及/或发光元件等,所以,可以依实际需求而选择适合的形式。
另外,该信息提供单元所提供的信息的内容同样没有限制。举例而言,可以是血压值变化或相关于血压的变化趋势;可以是所测得的生理信号,例如,心率、皮肤电阻值、末端肢体温度等;可以是生理信号的分析结果,例如,HRV分析结果;可以是与目标值的比较结果,例如,皮肤电阻值、末端肢体温度等相对于目标值的差距,以及HRV分析结果与目标值的差距;或者也可以是使用者的自律神经信息,例如,交感神经活性受到抑制及/或副交感神经活性增加,因此,提供信息的内容可依所测量的生理信号的不同、使用者需求的不同等而有所变化,没有限制。
另外,该信息提供单元于生理反馈训练期间提供信息的方式亦有各种选择,举例而言,当利用视觉方式而提供信息时,可实施为利用文字而显示生理信号的实时变化,生理信号的实时分析结果,与目标值间的实时比较结果,及/或使用者的自律神经信息,以通过这样的方式让使用者可通过了解自身的实时生理变化情形而调整身心状况,以逐渐达到目标生理状况;或者,替代地,也可实施为利用图形、发光亮度、光闪烁频率等的改变而将与目标值间的差距提供给使用者,由于目标值通常代表着身心较为放松、稳定的生理状况,因此,当越接 近目标值时,可利用图形变化趋缓、发光亮度变小或闪烁频率变慢等方式表示,而当与目标值间的差距越大时,就表示使用者的身心紧张程度越高,就可利用图形变化强烈、发光亮度变大或闪烁频率变快等方式表示。
当利用听觉方式而提供信息时,同样可提供上述的各种信息,例如,可通过语音提醒的方式让使用者得知生理信号的实时变化、生理信号的实时分析结果及/或与目标值间的实时比较结果等;或者,也可通过声音的频率及/或音量变化而表现与目标值间的差距,例如,音量越大及频率越高表示使用者身心状况越紧张,与目标值的差距越大,而音量越小及频率越低则表示使用者越放松,越接近目标值。
当利用触觉方式而提供信息时,可实施为利用振动来提醒是否达到目标范围,或者也可由产生振动信号的时间间隔及/或振动的强弱等而代表与是否达到目标范围及/或与目标值间的差距,例如,可在超出目标范围时,发出振动而提醒使用者需要放松,或者也可以是,通过振动越强及振动间隔越短来表示使用者身心状况越紧张,与目标值的差距越大,而振动越弱及振动间隔越长则表示使用者越放松,越接近目标值。
在此,需要注意地是,无论所使用的感测元件为何,以及无论所检测的生理信号为何,该信息提供单元的信息提供方式皆不受限制。
在本发明另一方面的构想中,也可通过呼吸导引的方式而进行生理反馈,以达到影响自律神经活动的效果。这是因为,呼吸除了受自律神经系统控制外,亦可受自主意识直接控制,其中,呼吸对自律神经系统的影响是,呼气期间增加副交感神经活性,吸气期间增加交感神经活性,故已有许多研究指出,通过控制呼吸可改变交感神经及副交感神经的平衡。
根据研究内容,呼吸速率、潮气量、以及呼气期间/吸气期间比例皆是影响交感与副交感神经活性的因子,其中,速率变慢可降低交感神经的活性,而速率变快则会使交感神经活性增加,举例而言,一般成人的呼吸速率约落在每分钟10-18次的范围内,当呼吸的速率可降低至每分钟5-8次的范围时,可有助于增加副交感神经活性,另外,当呼气期间/吸气期间比例增加时,亦即,当具有相对于吸气期间而言较长的呼气期间时,副交感神经的活性同样可获得提升。因此,在人体能以意识控制呼吸的前提下,确实可通过自主控制呼吸活动的方式而改变交感神经及副交感神经的活性平衡,进而改善因自律神经失衡或交感神经活性过高等所导致的血压不正常情形,并达到调控血压的目的。
所以,在本发明中,即是通过提供具有有利于调整血压的呼吸模式的一呼吸导引信号,例如,落在可降低交感神经活性的每分钟5-8次的呼吸速率,及/或在可自然呼吸的前提下,增长的呼气期间,并通过该信息提供单元而提供予使用者的方式,以让使用者可跟随该变化模式而调整呼吸,进而实现调整血压的效果。
该呼吸导引信号的其中一种选择是,提供一固定导引信号,以促使使用者将呼吸调整为与其相同,并藉此达到调整血压的效果,在此,该固定导引信号可以是,例如,有助于降低血压的呼吸速率,例如,每分钟8次,或是让呼气期间/吸气期间比例增加的引导等,没有限制,并且可提供多种固定导引信号,例如,每分钟7次、每分钟6次或每分钟5次等,而让使用者自行选择符合自身需求的导引信号。
另一种选择则是,提供一渐变导引信号,而让使用者的呼吸逐渐趋向理想的呼吸速率及呼气期间/吸气期间比例,举例而言,该渐变导引信号可以实施为提供逐渐变慢的呼吸模式,让使用者逐渐适应,以避免速率骤降而造成不适,例如,在1个15分钟的训练区段中,前面5分钟提供每分钟10次的速率,中间5分钟提供每分钟8次的速率,以及在最后5分钟提供每分钟6次的速率,另外,也可实施为逐渐增 长呼吸期间,例如,在1个15分钟的训练区段中,前面5分钟提供呼气期间/吸气期间比例为1∶1的引导,中间5分钟提供比例为2∶1的引导,以及最后5分钟提供比例为3∶1的引导。
进一步地,若再搭配上使用生理信号感测单元以检测可反应呼吸变化的生理信号,使用者将可得知自己的呼吸是否与呼吸导引信号相符,并实时调整自己的呼吸,而且,若经过一段时候后,例如,在同一次的呼吸导引训练中持续一段时间后,或是在经过多次进行呼吸导引训练后,仍觉得无法跟上导引信号,使用者就可选择另一种更接近当下的生理条件所能达到的导引信号,以避免为了符合导引信号反而打乱呼吸的情形。
再者,上述所取得的相关于呼吸模式的信息,亦可用来作为调整该呼吸导引信号的依据,因而提供予使用者可实时调整的一动态导引信号,也就是,通过实时获得的使用者的呼吸状况,以得知呼吸速率为何及/或是否落在有利于降低血压的速率范围中,并据以动态调整导引信号,而让使用者能以最轻松舒适的方式达到呼吸导引训练的效果。
举例而言,在一较佳实施例中,当测得呼吸已落在预设的有利于降低血压的速率范围内时,例如,低于每分钟8次时,即让使用者自行呼吸而不进行导引,只在发现呼吸模式超出范围,例如,过快时,才进行导引;在另一较佳实施例中,导引信号以区段变化的方式驱使使用者的呼吸速率变慢,且若在导引速率变慢后一特定时间内,发现使用者无法跟随导引信号的节奏时,则恢复至前一区段的呼吸导引速率,并经一特定时间后再次变慢,而通过重复如此的程序,就可温和地导引使用者的呼吸朝向目标呼吸模式。因此,可依使用者当下的生理状态或是实际的需求而有所变化,进而提供各种动态导引方式,没有限制。
再者,当呼吸导引训练配合使用生理信号感测单元时,也可进一 步实施为,如前所述地,检测因呼吸影响自律神经而发生变化的生理信号,以在呼吸导引训练期间提供相关自律神经活动的信息,而让使用者知道呼吸调整是否对自律神经活动造成了预期的影响效果,例如,是否实现了有助于血压降低的交感神经活性下降。
举例而言,该信息提供单元在提供该呼吸导引信号的同时,亦可实时显示相关心率、皮肤电活动、肢体末端温度等的信息,及/或通过频谱计算而获得的相关呼吸与心率的同步性的信息,因此,使用者就可实时得知呼吸调整对于自律神经所造成的影响,例如,副交感神经的活性是否获得提升,或是交感神经的活性是否已降低等,如此一来,将可让利用呼吸导引信号而进行的生理反馈程序更具效率。
当实际实施时,即如前述一样,只是,该信息提供单元会在提供相关生理信号的信息之外,同时输出呼吸导引信号,以供使用者作为调整自身呼吸的依据。
在此,在提供该呼吸导引信号时,如前所述地,该信息提供单元可实施为与穿戴于使用者身上的部件相结合的形式,也可与装置的操作接口相结合的形式,没有限制,而其提供该导引信号的方式亦有各种选择,例如,可采用视觉、听觉及/或触觉的方式进行导引,亦无限制。视觉导引的选择包括,但不限于,图形变化,文字显示,发光亮度变化,及/或灯号变化等,皆为合适的方式,举例而言,可在显示元件上利用符合呼吸变化模式的图案而导引使用者进行吸气及吐气;或者由LED灯的数量变化代表吸气及吐气;又或者可利用文字直接告知使用者进行吸气及吐气等。
另外,当采用听觉导引的方式时,选择则包括,但不限于,声音变化以及语音,举例而言,可由声音的强弱代表吸气及吐气变化;或者由不同的声音种类代表吸气及吐气,而让使用者跟随,例如,鸟叫声、海浪声、不同的音乐曲目等;或者也可以通过语音而告知使用者 该进行吸气或吐气,例如,当刚开始进行呼吸导引训练时,可通过符合呼吸变化模式的「吸气」及「吐气」语音指示而导引使用者的呼吸模式,而当检测到使用者的呼吸已符合欲达到的变化模式时,即告知使用者「继续维持现在的吸吐速率」,而停止「吸气」「吐气」的语音导引。因此,可以有各种选择,可依实际实施的需求而变化,没有限制。
再者,当采用触觉导引的方式时,则较佳地是通过与使用者身体接触的部件相结合的形式而提供振动的变化,例如,与压脉带、受压脉带承载的壳体或是生理信号感测单元的穿戴结构等部件相结合,而至于振动的变化方式,则同样没有限制,例如,可实施为利用振动信号来提醒使用者正确的呼气及/或吸气起始时间点,或是只在发现使用者的呼吸模式偏离预设的目标导引信号过多时才产生振动导引等。
在此,具优势地是,当采用听觉及/或触觉导引的方式时,使用者可于呼吸导引训练期间合上双眼,更有助于身体放松及呼吸调整。
此外,呼吸导引训练的执行时间,亦可依使用者的实际需求而加以变化,例如,可以提供固定的数个时间长度,例如,10分钟、15分钟或20分钟,以供使用者自行选择,另外,也可实施为根据训练期间的生理状况而变化,同样没有限制。
另外,在一较佳实施例中,该呼吸导引信号(可以是固定、渐变或动态导引信号)亦可实施为经由该信息提供单元以及有线/无线传输模块而输出至该外部装置后,例如,智能手机,平板电脑,智能手表等,再由该外部装置将该呼吸导引信号提供给使用者,以供使用者进行呼吸训练。
而特别地,在另一较佳实施例中,该呼吸导引信号则是实施为由该外部装置产生并提供给使用者,此时,该外部装置会进一步自该信 息提供单元接收由该生理信号感测单元所取得的相关使用者呼吸模式的信息,以在提供该呼吸导引信号的同时提供给使用者,或是用来作为调整该呼吸导引信号的依据,另外,该外部装置也可进一步将所需接收的相关使用者呼吸模式的信息储存下来,以作为之后察看记录时的参考。
在此,当该生理信号感测单元实施为检测呼吸时,该生理感测元件可实施为一般市面上常见的检测呼吸的传感器,举例而言,设于胸部及/或腹部的呼吸动作感测元件,以感受呼吸所造成的体腔起伏,例如,RIP绑带(Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography(RIP,呼吸感应体积描记器)effort belt),以及压电呼吸绑带(piezo respiratory effort belt),设置于鼻呼吸道的呼吸气流管,以检测呼吸气流的变化,以及设置于口鼻间的热感应器,以感应呼吸气流的温度变化等。
如图13所示,根据本发明的血压管理装置配置了一条呼吸动作感测元件,例如,压电呼吸绑带传感器或RIP绑带,以在呼吸导引训练期间取得使用者的呼吸信号。在进行呼吸导引训练时,使用者将绑带设置于胸部或腹部,放松心情开始进行呼吸,并根据显示元件上的呼吸导引信号(以及相关于因呼吸而发生变化的生理信号的信息)或声音的导引而调整自己的呼吸,并于持续一段时间后完成呼吸导引训练过程。
在此,如图14所示,也可实施为两条绑带,不受限制,而且,由于亦有研究指出,采用腹式呼吸有助于增加副交感神经的活性,因此,当使用两条绑带时,通过分别设置于胸部以及腹部的方式,就可分辨使用者所进行的是否为腹式呼吸。
替代地,也可通過观察呼吸所造成的血量(blood volume)波动,或是藉由测量心率而得知呼吸的变化。首先,由于呼气与吸气会造成血量的波动,例如,可于动脉,静脉,及微血管中观察到,所以,通 过使用光传感器就可藉由分析穿透或反射自受试者之血液的光讯号而获得有关血量波动的信息,进而得知使用者的呼吸行为;再者,由于心率是受自律神经所控制,故呼吸会因对自律神经系统产生影响而使得心跳出现变化,也就是,所谓的窦性心律不整(Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia,RSA),一般而言,吸气期间会使心跳加速,而呼吸期间则使心跳减缓,故可通过观察心率而得知呼吸变化。所以,就可采用如前所述的可取得心率序列的传感器,例如,光传感器,心电电极等,而于呼吸导引训练期间提供呼吸变化的信息。
另外,由于加大RSA的振幅有助于触发放松反应(Relaxation Response),解除累积的压力,而达到提高副交感神经/交感神经活性比例的效果,因此,可通过观察使用者的心率变化模式,并在心率开始加速时,通过导引告知使用者可以开始吸气,以及在心率开始减缓时,通过导引告知使用者可以开始吐气,以达到增大RSA振幅的效果,也达到调整血压的目的。此外,由于RSA波峰与波谷所取得振幅的大小,亦即,在一呼吸周期中,心率的极大值与极小值间的差值,会相关于自律神经的活性高低,因此,同样可将此信息实时地提供予使用者,以作为使用者调节生理活动的基础。
更进一步地,也可如图15所示,在呼吸动作感测元件以外,再配合上指夹式光传感器取得心率序列,而通过这样的传感器设置,除了可因多取得心率,而进一步地确认呼吸导引训练所造成的影响外,由于呼吸与心率间较好的和谐及同步性代表着较有秩序且协调的心跳节律,也就是,人体处于比较放松、稳定的状态,因此,还可藉由分析呼吸与心率间是否和谐及同步而用以判断呼吸导引训练的成效及/或作为实时提供予使用者的信息,举例而言,例如,可对心率序列进行频域分析,当频谱越集中时即表示两者间同步性越高,或是也可计算于时域中两者间的相位差,当相位差越小时表示两者间同步性越高;或者,替代地,也可利用耳戴结构以及指戴结构设置电极而取得心电信号,再配合上绑带取得呼吸信号,亦可达到同样的效果;又或者,也 可在绑带内侧增设了心电电极接触皮肤,取得心电信号。因此,可依使用者实际需求及使用习惯而变化,没有限制。
在此需注意的是,虽然上述的实例具体地描述了实施的方式,但本发明并不受限于单个实例内的使用方式,可多个实例间合并或部分合并使用,或多个实例间相互交换使用,因此,上述实例仅是众多可能的实施方式中的一些组合,本领域通常知识者可据以进行修饰仍不脱本发明的范畴。
再者,根据本发明再一方面的构想,为了让使用者能实时得知其所进行的生理反馈的效果,根据本发明的血压管理装置亦提供一操作流程,以让使用者可于生理反馈训练完成后立即评估训练效果。
图16显示了根据本发明血压管理装置的操作流程图。当使用者使用根据本发明的血压管理装置时,首先将压脉带环绕于手臂,以及若具备生理信号感测单元时,设置好生理信号感测单元,例如,心电电极或光传感器等,之后,按下启动键后,血压测量随即开始,压脉带进行充气及放气,以取得血压值并显示予使用者,接着,开始生理反馈程序,而在生理反馈期间,根据进行的程序以及所测量的生理信号的不同,可以提供使用者相关于所测得的生理信号的信息、相关自律神经的信息、相关血压变化趋势的趋势及/或呼吸导引信号等,以让使用者据以执行生理反馈,而当训练结束后,装置随即开始另一次血压测量,亦即,压脉带再次进行充气及放气,以取得经过生理反馈训练后的血压值,如此一来,只要比较训练前与训练后的血压值,使用者就可得知生理反馈训练的成效。
因此,通过这样的流程,使用者将可自然地于整体流程结束后立即得知所执行的生理反馈训练是否达到预期的目的,相当方便,而且,如此的流程亦使得血压值变化、生理反馈训练过程及血压值与训练间的关系等皆确实地被记录下来,有利于长期追踪管理。
更进一步地,上述的操作流程亦可实施为通过引导的方式而实现,例如,通过该信息提供单元,或是该外部装置执行一程序,并以听觉或视觉的方式提供引导指示,而使用者只需跟随指示就可轻松且自然地完成生理反馈训练并得知训练所实现的效果。
举例而言,首先,当装置被启动后,可先指示使用者将压脉带环绕于一上肢体,以及若具备生理感测元件时,进行生理感测元件的设置,之后,通过压脉带进行血压测量,以获得进行生理反馈训练前的血压值,接着,引导使用者开始进行生理反馈训练,而在生理反馈期间,根据进行的程序以及所测量的生理信号的不同,可以提供使用者相关于所测得的生理信号的信息、相关自律神经的信息、相关血压变化趋势的趋势及/或呼吸导引信号等,以引导生理反馈程序的进行,而当训练结束后,则再次指示使用者利用压脉带进行血压测量,以获得训练后的血压值。
在此,该操作引导机制是主要通过语音的方式呈现,举例而言,通过「请绑上压脉带」、「请启动血压测量」、「请开始执行生理反馈训练」、「请跟随屏幕的导引进行呼吸」、「请再次启动血压测量」等叙述而提醒使用者,以降低操作的复杂度,而在一较佳实施例中,此则是可通过与耳戴式生理信号感测单元相结合的发声模块而实现,例如,实施为耳机形式的生理感测元件,以进一步简化操作复杂度。
或者,替代地,也可利用屏幕显示的方式提供使用者操作步骤的指引,或者也可同时利用语音与屏幕显示的方式进行引导,另外,也可进一步利用外部装置作为引导操作流程的媒介,例如,智能手机、平板电脑等,因此,没有限制。
而如此方便的执行流程的基础就在于,本发明血压管理装具有多重功能,除了能够检测使用者的自律神经活动、提供呼吸导引、进行 HRV测量及分析、以及提供有关心率与呼吸的同步性的信息等之外,亦具备有血压测量功能,所以,使用者在为了调整血压而执行训练的同时,于同一个装置中就能确认血压调整的目的是否实现,相当具有效率,而且,为了进行生理反馈训练,使用者只需在执行血压测量所需的动作之外,额外增加配戴生理信号感测单元的动作即可,没有复杂的操作程序,简单又方便。
再者,由于实现血压测量及生理反馈训练所需的硬件设备有许多部分可以共用,例如,控制电路、信息提供单元等,因此在多重功能的前提下,更具成本效益。
在此,最后的结果显示可以有各种不同的方式,例如,可同时显示呼吸导引训练前后所测得的血压值,或是显示两血压值间的差值等,另外,也可连带地显示训练的时间长度,而让使用者知道训练的时间长短与血压值变化间的关系,因此,没有限制,主要在于让使用者了解血压值的变化。
另外,除了上述让使用者同时完成血压测量及生理反馈训练并得知训练成效的流程外,根据本发明的血压管理装置亦具有另一提醒机制,如图17所示,其可在血压测量后发现血压值过高时,例如,高于一预设值时,提醒使用者进行生理反馈训练,以进行血压调整,如此一来,使用者就可自然地接着进行生理反馈训练,相当方便。
在此,提醒的方式同样可以有不同的选择,例如,屏幕显示,灯号显示,声音或语音提醒,及/或振动提醒等,另外,有关血压过高的比较预设值,可由使用者自行设定或是依循装置本身的设定值,例如,WHO的血压标准,没有限制。
再者,请参阅图18,由于HRV分析可提供自律神经的信息,因此,当该生理信号感测单元具备的生理感测元件所取得的生理信号, 可据以获得心率序列而进行HRV分析时,则根据本发明的血压管理装置就可进一步实施为,在测量血压的同时亦进行生理信号提取,以在血压测量结束后,除了血压值之外,亦将HRV分析结果提供予使用者,举例而言,可通过使用光传感器,心电电极,及/或压力传感器等生理感测元件,而在血压测量的同时,取得使用者心跳间隔的时间序列,之后,再对该时间序列进行HRV分析,以藉此获得有关自律神经活动的信息。
其中,所进行的该HRV分析可依需求而有不同选择,例如,可进行频域分析(Frequency domain),以获得可用来评估整体心率变异度的总功率(Total Power,TP),可反应副交感神经活性的高频功率(High Frequency Power,HF),可反应交感神经活性或交感神经与副交感神经同时调控结果的低频功率(Low Frequency Power,LF),以及可反应交感/副交感神经的活性平衡的LF/HF(低高频功率比)等,另外,亦可在进行频率分析后,通过观察频率分布的状态而得知自律神经运作的和谐度;或者,也可进行时域分析(Time Domain),而获得可作为整体心率变异度的指标的SDNN,可作为长期整体心率变异度的指标的SDANN,可作为短期整体心率变异度的指标的RMSSD,以及可用来评估心率变异度之中高频变异的R-MSSD、NN50及PNN50等。
而在此情形下,若出现高血压时,就可进一步通过HRV分析结果而判断血压高与自律神经系统之间的关连性,例如,是否是因为交感神经的活性太高或者是自律神经失衡所造成,相当方便。
之后,当从HRV分析的结果发现血压高与自律神经系统相关时,除了将此关连性的信息提供给使用者外,还可进一步提醒使用者执行生理反馈训练,并在生理反馈训练完成后再次测量生理信号,进行HRV分析,以得知自律神经的平衡状况是否获得改善。
另外,由于进行HRV分析所需的时间较长,因此,亦可如图19 所示,实施为当发现血压值过高时,例如,高于一预设值时,再提醒使用者进行HRV测量,以通过HRV分析结果而判断血压高是否与自律神经有关。
当血压测量及生理反馈训练完成后,根据本发明的血压管理装置,通过内置的存储器,可实时且长期地储存使用者的血压测量结果,并同时记录下使用者训练的过程,因此,通过这样依时间顺序的纪录,本发明将可提供使用者不同于单独的血压测量装置或生理反馈训练装置的交叉分析结果。
首先,最直接地是,可提供执行训练之前与之后的血压值比较。通过记录期间内的发生时间顺序,除了如前所述地立即得知当次的训练前后的血压值差异外,使用者亦可追溯到某次训练之前的血压,以及经过多少次训练后的血压,只需比对所经历的训练的纪录,就可清楚的知道训练的时间长度及次数等对血压变化所带来影响。
举例而言,使用者可选择将某一个时间点,例如,尚未进行生理反馈训练前,所测量的血压值作为参考值,然后,每次进行完训练就与该参考值进行比较,例如,设定由系统自动产生比较结果,如此一来,使用者就可获得明确的量化数值,例如,训练累积次数与血压变化间的关系,这将有助于增加使用者持续进行训练的动力。而且,由于生理反馈训练的效果具有累积效应,长期的观察将更有助于了解生理反馈对血压调整的影响。
另外,由于人一天中的血压是随着时间及活动而不同,因此也可以设定不同时段的参考值,例如,早上、中午、晚上的参考值,让经过生理反馈训练后所测得的血压值与相近时段的参考值进行比较,避免造成不正确的判断;或者,使用者也可根据自身需求而自由地选择参考值以及建立比较基准,进行对自身最有助益的分析,因此,没有限制。
综上所述,根据本发明的可同时提供血压调整及血压测量两种功能的血压管理装置,其是通过生理反馈训练而提供使用者调整血压的途径,并且,在执行生理反馈程序期间,用以取得相关于自律神经活动的生理信号的生理感测元件,乃是通过穿戴的形式而设置于使用者身上,可提供生理感测元件与人体间长时间且稳定的接触,以获得高品质的生理信号,而且,由于同时具备的血压测量功能,也让使用者可实时确认生理反馈对血压调整的效果;另外,根据本发明的血压管理装置,亦可通过提供呼吸导引信号而帮助使用者执行生理反馈程序,同样可有效达到调整血压的效果;此外,通过依时间顺序记录的生理反馈训练过程及血压量测值,使用者能轻松监控血压值的变化,以及生理反馈训练对血压改变所带来的影响,有助于更有效地实现调整血压的目的。

Claims (47)

  1. 一种用以调整血压的血压管理装置,用以在一ANS训练区段中作为一生理反馈工具,以及用以提供血压测量功能,该装置包括:
    一控制电路;
    一泵,受该控制电路控制;
    一充气式压脉带,用以环绕一使用者的一肢体,并通过该泵而进行充气及放气,以达成一血压测量;以及
    一信息提供单元,
    其中,
    该装置进一步包括至少一生理信号感测单元,其包括一穿戴结构,以及至少一生理感测组件,设置于该穿戴结构上;以及
    其中,
    在该ANS训练区段期间,
    该生理信号感测单元是通过该穿戴结构而依附至使用者身上,以经由该生理感测组件而提取相关于受ANS影响的生理活动的生理信号;
    根据该生理信号而产生一代表该生理活动的信息;以及
    该代表生理活动的信息通过该信息提供单元而实时提供给使用者,以作为使用者通过生理反馈而调节自身生理活动的基础,进而达成影响血压的效果。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,该穿戴结构为下列群组的其中之一,包括:一耳戴结构,一指戴结构,一腕戴结构,以及一环绕使用者身体一部份的带体。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,该生理感测组件为下列群组的其中之一或多,包括:光传感器,ECG电极,EDA电极,以及温度传感器。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,该血压测量实施为在该ANS训练区段开始前、及/或结束后进行。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,该装置进一步构建为:
    在该ANS训练区段开始前,执行一校准程序,且在该校准程序中:
    该血压测量被起始,以取得使用者的初始血压,以及该生理信号的提取亦被起始,以产生代表使用者的生理活动的初始信息;以及
    该初始信息与该初始血压间的一关系被建立;以及
    在该ANS训练区段期间:
    连续地取得生理信号;
    以该关系以及所取得的生理信号为基础,并通过与该初始血压进行比较,而产生一实时相关血压信息;以及
    通过该信息提供单元而将该实时相关血压信息而提供予使用者。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,该装置进一步构建为在血压与一预设条件相符时,产生一提示信号,以提示使用者执行该ANS训练区段。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,一呼吸导引信号进一步在该ANS训练区段期间被提供,以引导使用者朝向一目标呼吸模式。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,该信息提供单元实施为通过听觉、视觉、及/或触觉可感知的方式而提供信息。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,一传输模块进一步被提供,且该信息提供单元实施为通过该传输模块而将该信息输出至一外部装置,以通过该外部装置而将该信息提供予使用者。
  10. 一种用以调整血压的血压管理装置,用以在一ANS训练区段中作为一呼吸导引工具,以及用以提供血压测量功能,该装置包括:
    一控制电路;
    一泵,受该控制电路控制;
    一充气式压脉带,用以环绕一使用者的一肢体,并通过该泵而进行充气及放气,以达成一血压测量;以及
    一信息提供单元,
    其中,
    在该ANS训练区段期间,一呼吸导引信号是通过该信息提供单元而提供予使用者,以导引使用者朝向一目标呼吸模式,进而达成影响血压的效果。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的装置,其中,该呼吸导引信号的频率及/或呼气期间/吸气期间比例实施为固定不变。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的装置,其中,该呼吸导引信号的频率及/或呼气期间/吸气期间比例实施为根据预设而随时间而变化。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的装置,其中,进一步包括至少一生理信号感测单元,包括一穿戴结构,以及一生理感测组件,设置于该穿戴结构之上,且其中,该穿戴结构为下列群组的其中之一或多,包括:一耳戴结构,一指戴结构,一腕戴结构,以及一环绕使用者身体一部份的带体,以及其中,该生理感测组件为下列群组的其中之一或多,包括:光传感器,ECG电极,压力传感器,用以感测呼吸胸腹起伏的传感器,呼吸气流管,以及热敏电阻传感器。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的装置,其中,在该ANS训练区段期间:
    该生理信号感测单元通过该穿戴结构而依附至使用者身上,以经由该生理感测组件而提取相关于使用者呼吸模式的生理信号;
    根据该生理信号而产生一代表使用者呼吸的信息;以及
    以该代表呼吸的信息为基础而调整该呼吸导引信号。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的装置,其中,在该ANS训练区段期间:
    该生理信号感测单元通过该穿戴结构而依附至使用者身上,以经由该生理感测组件而提取相关于受ANS影响的生理活动的生理信号;
    根据该生理信号而产生一代表该生理活动的信息;
    以该代表生理活动的信息为基础而调整该呼吸导引信号。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的装置,其中,在该ANS训练区段期间:
    该生理信号感测单元通过该穿戴结构而依附至使用者身上,以经由该生理感测组件而取得使用者心跳间隔的一时间序列;
    通过分析该时间序列而得出使用者的RSA信息;
    以该RSA信息为基础而调整该呼吸导引信号。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的装置,其中,在该ANS训练区段期间:
    该生理信号感测单元通过该穿戴结构而依附至使用者身上,以经由该生理感测组件而取得使用者心跳间隔的一时间序列;
    通过分析该时间序列而得出相关于使用者呼吸与心跳间的同步性信息;
    以该同步性信息为基础而调整该呼吸导引信号。
  18. 如权利要求10所述的装置,其中,进一步包括至少一生理信号感测单元,具有一光传感器,并通过该压脉带环绕该肢体而完成取得生理信号的设置。
  19. 如权利要求10所述的装置,其中,一传输模块进一步被提供,且该信息提供单元实施为通过该传输模块而将该呼吸导引信号输出至一外部装置,以通过该外部装置而将该信息提供予使用者。
  20. 一种用以调整血压的血压管理系统,用以在一ANS训练区段中作为一呼吸导引工具,以及用以提供血压测量功能,该系统包括:
    一血压管理装置,包括:
    一控制电路;
    一泵,受该控制电路控制;
    一充气式压脉带,用以环绕一使用者的一肢体,并通过该泵而进行充气及放气,以达成一血压测量;以及
    至少一生理信号感测单元,包括一穿戴结构,以及设置于该穿戴结构上的一生理感测组件,以通过该穿戴结构而设置于使用者身上并提取使用者的生理信号,其中,该生理信号感测组件为下列群组的其中之一或多,包括:光传感器,ECG电极,EDA电极,压力传感器,温度传感器,用以感测呼吸胸腹起伏的传感器,呼吸气流管,以及热敏电阻传感器;
    一信息提供单元;以及
    一外部装置,
    其中,
    在该ANS训练期间,该外部装置构建为:
    将一呼吸导引信号提供予使用者;以及
    自该信息提供单元接收根据该生理信号所产生的代表使用者之一生理活动的信息。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的系统,其中,该呼吸导引信号是根据该代表使用者生理活动的信息而进行调整。
  22. 如权利要求20所述的系统,其中,该外部装置进一步构建为在提供该呼吸导引信号时,亦同时将该代表使用者生理活动的信息提供予使用者、及/或进行储存。
  23. 一种用以调整血压的血压管理装置,用以在一ANS训练区段中作为一呼吸导引工具,以及用以提供血压测量功能,该装置包括:
    一控制电路;
    一泵,受该控制电路控制;
    一充气式压脉带,用以环绕一使用者的一肢体,并通过该泵而进 行充气及放气,以达成一血压测量;以及
    一信息提供单元,
    其中,
    该装置进一步包括至少一生理信号感测单元,具有一光传感器;
    其中,
    在该ANS训练区段期间,
    该生理信号感测单元是通过该压脉带而依附至该肢体,以经由该光传感器而自使用者的血液取得生理信号;
    一呼吸导引信号是通过该信息提供单元而提供予使用者;以及
    该呼吸导引信号是以该生理信号为基础而进行调整,以导引使用者朝向一目标呼吸模式,进而达成影响血压的效果。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,该生理信号感测单元实施为设置于该压脉带上。
  25. 如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,进一步包括一壳体,由该压脉带所承载,以及该生理信号感测单元实施为与该壳体相结合。
  26. 如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,该光传感器实施为通过反射方式而进行测量。
  27. 如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,该血液生理信息包括下列的其中之一或多,包括:心率,呼吸信息,以及血氧浓度。
  28. 如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,该装置进一步构建为在血压与一预设条件相符时,产生一提示信号,以提示使用者执行该ANS训练区段。
  29. 如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,该呼吸导引信号的频率以及呼气期间/吸气期间比例的其中之一或多实施为固定不变,或是根据 预设而随时间变化。
  30. 如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,该信息提供单元实施为通过听觉、视觉、及/或触觉可感知的方式而提供信息。
  31. 如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,进一步包括一传输模块,且该信息提供单元实施为通过该传输模块而将该呼吸导引信号输出至一外部装置,以通过该外部装置而将该信息提供予使用者。
  32. 一种用以调整血压的血压管理装置,用以在一ANS训练区段中作为一生理反馈工具,以及用以提供血压测量功能,该装置包括:
    一控制电路;
    一泵,受该控制电路控制;
    一充气式压脉带,用以环绕一使用者的一肢体,并通过该泵而进行充气及放气,以达成一血压测量;以及
    一信息提供单元,
    其中,
    该装置进一步包括一生理信号感测单元,具有一光传感器;以及
    其中,
    在该ANS训练区段期间,
    该生理信号感测单元是通过该压脉带而依附至该肢体,以经由该光传感器而自使用者的血液取得生理信号;
    根据该生理信号而产生一代表使用者血液生理的信息;以及
    该代表使用者血液生理的信息通过该信息提供单元而实时提供给使用者,以作为使用者通过生理反馈而调节自身生理活动的基础,进而达成影响血压的效果。
  33. 如权利要求32所述的装置,其中,该装置进一步构建为:
    在该ANS训练区段开始前,执行一校准程序,且在该校准程序中:
    该血压测量被起始,以取得使用者的初始血压,以及该生理信号 的提取亦被起始,以产生代表使用者的生理活动的初始信息;以及
    该初始信息与该初始血压间的一关系被建立;以及
    在该ANS训练区段期间:
    连续地取得生理信号;
    以该关系以及所取得的生理信号为基础,并通过与该初始血压进行比较,而产生一实时相关血压信息;以及
    通过该信息提供单元而将该实时相关血压信息而提供予使用者。
  34. 如权利要求32所述的装置,其中,该装置进一步构建为在血压与一预设条件相符时,产生一提示信号,以提示使用者执行该ANS训练区段。
  35. 如权利要求32所述的装置,其中,一呼吸导引信号进一步在该ANS训练区段期间被提供,以引导使用者朝向一目标呼吸模式。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的装置,其中,该呼吸导引信号进一步根据该代表使用者血液生理的信息而进行调整。
  37. 如权利要求32所述的装置,其中,进一步包括一传输模块,且该信息提供单元实施为通过该传输模块而将该信息输出至一外部装置,以通过该外部装置而将该信息提供予使用者。
  38. 一种血压管理方法,包括下列步骤:
    通过一血压管理装置检测一使用者的血压;
    将所测得的血压与一预设条件进行比较;
    当所测得的血压与该预设条件相符时,产生一提示信息,以通知使用者两者相符并指示使用者执行一HRV测量;
    该使用者利用该装置的一穿戴式生理信号感测单元而执行该HRV测量,以取得使用者心跳间隔的一时间序列;
    以该时间序列作为基础而执行一HRV频域分析;
    获得至少一HRV分析结果;
    以该HRV分析结果为基础而产生代表使用者交感神经及副交感神经活动的信息;以及
    通过该装置的一信息提供单元而将该代表使用者交感神经及副交感神经活动的信息提供予使用者。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的方法,其中,进一步包括下列步骤:
    产生该HRV分析结果以及血压值间的一关连性;以及
    通过该信息提供单元而将代表该关连性的一信息提供予使用者。
  40. 如权利要求38所述的方法,其中,该生理信号感测单元包括一穿戴结构,以及至少一生理感测组件,设置于该穿戴结构上,且其中,该生理感测组件为下列群组的其中之一或多,包括:光传感器,EEG电极,以及压力传感器。
  41. 如权利要求38所述的方法,其中,该生理信号感测单元是穿戴于选自下列群组的使用者身体的一部份,包括:耳朵,手指,肢体,以及躯干。
  42. 如权利要求38所述的方法,其中,进一步包括下列步骤:
    根据该HRV分析结果而进一步产生下列信息的其中之一或多,包括:总功率,高频功率,低频功率,低高频功率比,以及频率分布状态。
  43. 一种血压管理方法,包括下列步骤:
    通过一血压管理装置而检测一使用者的血压,以及在测量血压的同时,通过该装置的一穿戴式生理信号感测单元而取得使用者心跳间隔的一时间序列;
    执行该时间序列的一HRV频域分析;
    获得至少一HRV分析结果;
    根据该HRV分析结果而产生代表使用者交感神经与副交感神经活动的信息;以及
    通过该装置的一信息提供单元而将该代表使用者交感神经及副交感神经活动的信息以及测得的血压值一起提供予使用者。
  44. 如权利要求43所述的方法,其中,进一步包括下列步骤:
    产生该HRV分析结果以及所测得的血压间的一关连性;以及
    通过该信息提供单元而将代表该关连性的一信息提供予使用者。
  45. 如权利要求43所述的方法,其中,该生理信号感测单元包括一穿戴结构,以及至少一生理感测组件,设置于该穿戴结构上,且其中,该生理感测组件为下列群组的其中之一或多,包括:光传感器,EEG电极,以及压力传感器。
  46. 如权利要求43所述的方法,其中,该生理信号感测单元是穿戴于选自下列群组的使用者身体的一部份,包括:耳朵,手指,肢体,以及躯干。
  47. 如权利要求43所述的方法,其中,进一步包括下列步骤:
    根据该HRV分析结果而进一步产生下列信息的其中之一或多,包括:总功率,高频功率,低频功率,低高频功率比,以及频率分布状态。
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