WO2016107288A1 - 轨道车辆用电热水器及水加热方法 - Google Patents

轨道车辆用电热水器及水加热方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016107288A1
WO2016107288A1 PCT/CN2015/094185 CN2015094185W WO2016107288A1 WO 2016107288 A1 WO2016107288 A1 WO 2016107288A1 CN 2015094185 W CN2015094185 W CN 2015094185W WO 2016107288 A1 WO2016107288 A1 WO 2016107288A1
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Prior art keywords
water
heater
container
boiling
storage container
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2015/094185
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘慧峰
魏凌
梁才国
徐忠宣
闫华
王冰松
程建峰
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from CN201420852286.1U external-priority patent/CN204421332U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410836797.9A external-priority patent/CN104566938B/zh
Application filed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd filed Critical CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Publication of WO2016107288A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107288A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
    • F24H1/16—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric water heater, in particular to an electric water heater and a water heating method which can be used on a rail vehicle and can simultaneously provide warm water and boiling water.
  • the railway passenger car is equipped with a warm water heater and an electric water heater.
  • the warm water heater provides warm water for washing, and the electric water heater provides drinking water.
  • the water heater and the electric water heater are completely independent of the two sets of equipment, each working independently, and the electric load is large, and the space occupied by the vehicle is also large.
  • the electric water heaters used in the existing railway passenger cars mostly use a boiling type electric water heater.
  • the Chinese patent "Electrical Electric Water Heater Insulation Device for Trains" with the patent number 200820037388.X discloses a structure of an electric hot water heater.
  • the invention comprises a boiling water container and a storage container.
  • the boiling water container is installed under the storage container, and a heater is installed in the boiling water container.
  • the boiling water container is connected with an upwardly extending connecting tube, and the connecting tube extends into the storage container, and the connecting tube tops
  • the water outlet is close to the top of the storage container, and the cold water enters the boiling water container. After heating by the heater, the boiling boiling water enters the storage container from the top of the communication tube, and the boiling water is stored in the storage container.
  • the boiled boiling water is turned out from the top of the communication pipe into the storage container, but the water that can be turned into the storage container is only about one and a half, and a small amount of water flows back to the boiling water container along the communication pipe. , so that the water is repeatedly heated.
  • the main object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and deficiencies, and to provide an electric water heater for rail vehicles and water heating which integrates warm water and boiling water equipment, has a simple and compact structure, saves space on the vehicle, and can provide warm water and boiling water to the vehicle at the same time. method.
  • An electric water heater for a rail vehicle comprising a preheated water tank, a boiling water storage container and a first heater, wherein a second heater is installed in the preheated water tank for heating water to a first set temperature, the preheating
  • the water outlet of the hot water container is connected to the water inlet of the boiling water storage container by the first heater, and the first heater is used for heating water from the preheated water container to a second setting a temperature, a high temperature water intake port and a low temperature water intake port are respectively disposed on the boiling water storage container and the preheated water container, wherein the preheated water container is connected to a water source, and the preheated water container, the first heater and the boiling water storage container are pressed Water is arranged from a low to a high flow direction.
  • the first heater includes a water pipe for connecting a water outlet of the preheated water container to a water inlet of the water boiling storage container, a heating element, and wrapping the water pipe and the heating element The first insulation layer.
  • the heating element is a PTC heating element
  • the water pipeline is S-shaped in series between the heating sheets of the PTC heating elements, and the pipe wall of the water pipeline is closely attached to the heating sheet.
  • water pipeline is integrally processed from an aluminum profile.
  • the water inlet of the boiling water storage container is opened on the bottom wall of the container.
  • a solenoid valve for opening and closing the water passage between the preheated water container and the boiling water storage container is connected in series with the water outlet of the preheated water container.
  • the preheated water container, the first heater, and the boiling water storage container are integrated in one box, and are arranged in three middle and lower layers, and the layers are separated by a heat insulating layer; or the preheated water container and The boiling water storage container is integrated in a box, arranged in two layers, separated by a heat insulating layer, and the first heater is externally attached to the outer wall of the box.
  • a water heating method using the above-mentioned electric water heater for a rail vehicle includes the following steps:
  • Water heated to the second set temperature is stored in the boiling water storage container.
  • the second set temperature after heating by the first heater is a boiling point temperature, and water in a boiling state enters the boiling water storage container for storage.
  • the water passage between the preheated water container and the boiling water storage container is turned on, and the first heater is started to be heated; in the boiling water storage container
  • the water passage between the preheated water container and the boiling water storage container is cut off while the first heater is stopped.
  • the electric water heater for rail vehicles and the water heating method according to the present invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the water of the water source is preheated by the preheated water container, and the water temperature can reach 45-65 ° C, and then heated to boiling, thereby saving energy and greatly reducing the electric load.
  • the first heater is installed independently of the boiling water storage container, wherein the heating element does not need to be immersed in water, and there is no scale, which can improve the heating efficiency and increase the service life.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electric water heater of the present invention.
  • the preheated water container 1 As shown in Fig. 1, the preheated water container 1, the boiling water storage container 2, the first heater 3, the second heater 4, the inlet pipe 5, the temperature controller 6, the water shortage protection switch 7, the water outlet 8, the water inlet 9, water line 10, PTC heating element 11, first insulation layer 12, heating sheet 13, low temperature water intake 14, High temperature water intake port 15, solenoid valve 16, low water level sensor 17, high water level sensor 18, vent valve 19, second insulation layer 20, third insulation layer 21, anti-dry protection device 22.
  • the present invention provides an electric water heater for a rail vehicle, comprising a preheated water container 1, a boiling water storage container 2 and a first heater 3, a preheated water container 1, a first heater 3, and a boiling water storage.
  • the water passages of the container 2 are in communication with each other, and are arranged in a flow direction from low to high, and the preheated water tank 1 is connected to the water source, and the water pressure of the water source is used as the power of water flow.
  • the water source is a water storage tank (not shown) installed at the bottom of the vehicle body, and the water inlet pipe 5 is connected to the bottom wall of the preheated water tank 1, and the water inlet pipe 5 is connected with the water source of the vehicle, and the water pressure is dependent on the water source.
  • Water is supplied to the hot water tank 1.
  • the inlet pipe 5 is installed on the bottom wall, and the preheated water tank 1, the first heater 3 and the boiling water storage container 2 are arranged in a flow direction from low to high in water, which is advantageous for storing the preheated water tank 1 and boiling water in winter.
  • the water in the water passage of the container 2 and the first heater 3 is completely drained to prevent the water from freezing and damaging the equipment.
  • the second heater 4 is installed in the preheating water tank 2, the second heater 4 is an immersion heater such as an electric heating tube, and the second heater 4 is used to heat the low temperature water of the water source to the first set temperature.
  • the first set temperature is 45-65 ° C, which provides warm water for washing. Because it is not water for drinking, it is not necessary to boil water at this time to save energy.
  • a second insulation layer 20 is wrapped on the outer wall of the preheated water tank 2 to ensure the temperature of the water in the preheated water tank 2 to reduce the electric load.
  • the low temperature water intake port 14 is connected to the top of the side wall of the preheated water container 1, and the low temperature water intake port 14 is connected to the faucet of the lavatory through the water pipe. The user can open the faucet to use the warm water, and the water source can be used for water supply. Avoid the water flow speed is too fast, resulting in waste, and is also convenient to be uniformly controlled by the vehicle water supply system.
  • a temperature controller 6 is installed in the preheated water tank 1, and the temperature controller 6 is based on the detected preheating
  • the temperature of the water in the water container 1 controls the opening and closing of the second heater 4, thereby controlling the temperature of the water in the preheated water tank 1 to be within the range of 45-65 ° C of the first set temperature, and satisfies the use of the washing.
  • a water shortage protection switch 7 and an anti-dry protection protector 22 are also installed in the preheated water tank 1, and the water shortage protection switch 7 is installed at the top of the preheated water tank 1, and the water in the preheated water tank 1 is always full. Only when the water tank of the car is short of water, the water shortage protection switch 7 acts to generate a water shortage signal.
  • the anti-dry protector 22 prevents the temperature of the second heater 4 from being too high to ensure its normal operation.
  • the top wall of the preheated water container 1 is provided with a water outlet 8 connected to the water inlet 9 of the boiling water storage container 2, and the water in the preheated water container 1 is transported to the water by the water pressure of the water source.
  • the first heater 3 is for heating the water from the preheating water tank 1 to a second set temperature.
  • the preheated water container 1 raises the temperature of the water and plays the role of preheating. On this basis, the water is boiled again, the boiling time is short, and the power consumption is small, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving.
  • the first heater 3 is composed of a water line 10, a heating element and a first heat insulating layer 12, and the water line 10 connects the water outlet 8 of the preheating water tank 1 with the water inlet 9 of the water boiling storage container 2 to form a water passage.
  • the heating element preferably employs a PTC heating element 11 which is composed of a plurality of ceramic heating sheets 13 arranged in parallel, the heating sheets 13 are arranged at a low parallel to the height, and the water line 10 is also viewed from a low to a high height.
  • the S-shape is connected in series between the heating sheets 13 of the layers of the PTC heating element 11, and the water in the water supply line 10 is heated by the PTC heating element 11.
  • the water inlet 10 of the water pipeline 10 is at a low level, and the outlet water is at a high level, which can facilitate the emptying of the water in the water pipeline 10 during the winter or maintenance.
  • the water in the water pipeline 10 When the water in the water pipeline 10 is drained, it flows back into the preheated water tank 1 and then passes through The water inlet pipe 5 at the bottom of the hot water tank 1 is discharged and flows back to the water storage tank of the vehicle.
  • the first heater 3 is installed independently of the boiling water storage container 2, wherein the PTC heating element 11 does not need to be immersed in water, and there is no scale, which can improve the heating efficiency and increase the service life. At the same time, since the PTC heating element 11 only needs to heat the water in the water supply pipe 10, it is not necessary to heat the water of the entire water tank, and the electric load can be further reduced to achieve the energy saving effect.
  • the water pipe 10 is made of aluminum material.
  • the aluminum profile is preferably used, and the aluminum profile is integrally processed, which is convenient for manufacture and installation.
  • the water pipe 10 has a flat structure and upper and lower sides. The tube wall and the heating sheet 13 are closely adhered to ensure that the water in the water line 10 can better absorb the heat of the PTC heating element 11 and improve the heating efficiency.
  • the first insulating layer 12 is preferably made of aluminum silicate fiber or ceramic fiber, and the first insulating layer 12 is a water pipe.
  • the road 10 and the PTC heating element 11 are wrapped therein to avoid heat loss.
  • the length of the water line 10 and the power of the PTC heating element 11 are designed according to the needs of the temperature after heating.
  • the length of the water line 10 and the power of the PTC heating element 11 are such that the heated water enters the boiling water storage container 2.
  • the water inlet 9 is just in a boiling state, that is, the second set temperature is the boiling point temperature, the water in the boiling state is stored in the boiling water storage container 2, and a third insulating layer 21 is wrapped on the outer wall of the boiling water storage container 2 to make the boiling water.
  • the water in the storage container 2 is always maintained above 95 ° C while achieving energy saving.
  • a high temperature water intake port 15 is opened on the side wall of the boiling water storage container 2, and the high temperature water intake port 15 is connected to a water tap, and the user opens the water tap to directly remove the water.
  • the high temperature water intake port 15 is preferably opened at the bottom of the side wall, and the water pressure of the water source and the water pressure water supply of the water in the water storage container 2 can prevent the water flow speed from being too fast, and the user of the boiling water burns the user.
  • a low water level sensor 17 and a high water level sensor 18 are also provided in the boiling water storage container 2 for controlling the water level of the boiling water storage container 2 to ensure the use requirements.
  • the water inlet 9 of the boiling water storage container 2 is opened on the bottom wall of the container, so that the boiling water is directly mixed with the water in the boiling water storage container 2 after entering the water inlet 9, and the water vapor is The water is absorbed to avoid excessive water vapor in the boiling water storage container 2.
  • the water inlet 9 is arranged on the bottom wall, which facilitates the emptying of the water in the boiling water storage container 2 during the winter or maintenance, and the water in the boiling water storage container 2 flows back along the water pipe 10 to the preheated water container 1 when it is drained. Then, it is discharged through the inlet pipe 5 at the bottom of the preheated water tank 1, and is returned to the storage tank of the vehicle.
  • a solenoid valve 16 is connected in series to the water outlet 8 of the preheating water tank 1, and the solenoid valve 16 is used to control the opening and closing of the water passage between the preheating water tank 1 and the water boiling storage container 2.
  • the low water level sensor 17 sends a signal
  • the solenoid valve 16 is turned on, and the water between the preheated water container 1 and the boiling water storage container 2
  • the passage is turned on, and the first heater 3 is activated at the same time.
  • the preheated water in the preheated water tank 1 enters the first heater 3 under the action of water pressure, and the PTC heating element 11 heats the water in the water line 10 to boiling.
  • the boiling water is stored in the boiling water storage container 2.
  • the high water level sensor 18 sends a signal, the solenoid valve 16 is opened, the water passage between the preheated water container 1 and the boiling water storage container 2 is disconnected, and the first heater 3 stop working.
  • a vent valve 19 is provided at the top of the preheated water container 1 and the boiling water storage container 2, in the preheated water When the gas is accumulated in the container 1 and the boiling water storage container 2, the gas is deflated to ensure smooth flow of water.
  • the electric water heater Under the action of water pressure, the electric water heater enters the preheated water tank 1 from the inlet pipe 5 at the bottom, and then enters the water storage storage container 2 through the water pipe 10 in the first heater 3, and the water is always kept low. Flowing in the high direction does not cause reflow, so it is possible to effectively avoid the phenomenon of repeated boiling of water.
  • the preheated water container 1, the first heater 3, and the boiling water storage container 2 are integrated into one case, and the boiling water storage container 2, the first heater 3, and the preheated water container 1 are placed in the upper, middle, and lower layers.
  • the layers are separated by a partition plate (not shown), and each of the third heat insulating layer 21, the first heat insulating layer 12 and the second heat insulating layer 20 is thermally insulated, and the arrangement is such that the structure is It is more compact, takes up less space, and is easy to install and maintain.
  • the first heater 3 is externally attached to the outer wall of the casing, and the water pipe 10 connected to the water outlet 8 of the preheating water tank 1 passes through the wall of the casing into the first heater 3, and the outlet of the water pipe 10 passes through the casing.
  • the wall is re-entered into the tank and connected to the water inlet 9 of the boiling water storage container 2.
  • the arrangement of the water line 10 in the first heater 3 is still arranged in an S shape from low to high, which facilitates the inspection of the first heater 3.
  • a drain pipe is separately provided between the preheated water container 1, the water boiling storage container 2, and the first heater 3 to facilitate maintenance or emptying in winter.
  • the water heating method of the above electric water heater is described in detail below, and includes the following steps:
  • the water in the water storage tank enters the preheated water tank 1 through the water inlet pipe 5 under the action of water pressure, and the water in the preheated water tank 1 is heated to the first set temperature by the second heater 4 to provide the washing water.
  • the temperature controller 6 is used to control the temperature of the water in the preheated water tank 1 to be maintained between 45 and 65 °C.
  • the PTC heating element 11 is energized and heated, and the water in the water line 10 is boiled to a boiling state.
  • the water heated to the boiling state enters the boiling water storage container 2 through the water inlet 9 at the bottom of the boiling water storage container 2, and is stored in the boiling water storage container 2 to provide drinking water.
  • the low The water level sensor 17 sends a signal, the solenoid valve 16 is turned on, the water passage between the preheating water tank 1 and the boiling water storage container 2 is turned on, and the first heater 3 is activated, and the preheated water tank 1 has been preheated.
  • the water enters the first heater 3 under the action of water pressure, and the PTC heating element 11 heats the water in the water line 10 to a boiling state, and the boiling water enters the boiling water storage container 2 for storage.
  • the high water level sensor 18 sends a signal, the solenoid valve 16 is opened, the water passage between the preheated water container 1 and the boiling water storage container 2 is disconnected, and the first heater 3 stop working.
  • the electric water heater divides the process of boiling water into two parts: preheating and boiling.
  • the preheated water is output as warm water to the washing water, and the boiled water is used for drinking.
  • the supply of warm water and boiling water is realized in one device, which not only has energy saving. The effect also reduces the space occupied by the device in the car.

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Abstract

一种轨道车辆用电热水器，包括预热水容器（1）、开水存储容器（2）和第一加热器（3），在预热水容器（1）中安装第二加热器（4）用于将水加热至第一设定温度，预热水容器（1）的出水口与开水存储容器（2）的进水口之间通过第一加热器（3）连接，第一加热器（3）用于将从预热水容器（1）出来的水加热至第二设定温度。在开水存储容器（2）、预热水容器（1）上分别设置有高温取水口（15）和低温取水口（14），预热水容器（1）连接水源，预热水容器（1）、第一加热器（3）和开水存储容器（2）按水从低向高的流向布置。还公开了一种水加热方法。

Description

轨道车辆用电热水器及水加热方法
本申请要求于2014年12月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410836797.9、发明名称为“轨道车辆用电热水器及水加热方法”，以及要求于2014年12月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201420852286.1、发明名称为“轨道车辆用电热水器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电热水器，特别涉及一种在轨道车辆上使用的可以同时提供温水和开水的电热水器及水加热方法。
背景技术
目前铁路客车上为了满足乘客的需要，多会同时配备温水器及电开水器，温水器提供盥洗用的温水，电开水器则提供饮用水。温水器及电开水器是完全独立的两套设备，各自独立工作，而且用电负荷较大，占用车上空间也较大。
现有的铁路客车上使用的电开水器多采用沸腾式电开水器，如专利号为200820037388.X的中国专利“列车用电热开水器保温装置”中就公开了一种电热开水器的结构，包括烧水容器和存储容器，烧水容器安装在存储容器的下方，在烧水容器内安装加热器，烧水容器连通一个向上延伸的连通管，连通管伸入至存储容器内，连通管顶部的出水口靠近存储容器的顶部，冷水进入烧水容器中，经过加热器加热后，沸腾的开水从连通管的顶部进入存储容器内，开水储存在存储容器内。这种电热开水器，沸腾的开水从连通管的顶部向外翻出进入存储容器，但能翻出进入存储容器的水大约仅有一多半，一小半的水又顺着连通管流回烧水容器，使水重复加热。
在现有技术中，还提供了一种在列车上使用的可以同时提供开水和温水的设备，如专利号为88203587.8的中国专利“一种高效茶炉”中所公开的茶炉，但其是通过烧煤为冷水加热，污染列车环境，在现在的动车组等高速轨道车辆上已无法安装使用。
发明内容
本发明主要目的在于解决上述问题和不足，提供一种将温水和开水设备集成在一起、结构简单紧凑、节省车上空间，可同时向车上提供温水和开水的轨道车辆用电热水器及水加热方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种轨道车辆用电热水器，包括预热水容器、开水存储容器和第一加热器，在所述预热水容器中安装第二加热器用于将水加热至第一设定温度，所述预热水容器的出水口与所述开水存储容器的进水口之间通过所述第一加热器连接，所述第一加热器用于将从所述预热水容器出来的水加热至第二设定温度，在所述开水存储容器、预热水容器上分别设置有高温取水口和低温取水口，所述预热水容器连接水源，所述预热水容器、第一加热器和开水存储容器按水从低向高的流向布置。
进一步，所述第一加热器包括用于将所述预热水容器的出水口与所述开水存储容器的进水口连接的水管路、加热元件及将所述水管路及所述加热元件包裹在其中的第一保温层。
进一步，所述加热元件为PTC加热元件，所述水管路呈S形串接在所述PTC加热元件的各层加热片之间，所述水管路的管壁与加热片密贴。
进一步，所述水管路为铝型材一体加工而成。
进一步，所述开水存储容器的进水口开在容器的底壁上。
进一步，在所述预热水容器的出水口串接一用于通断所述预热水容器、开水存储容器之间水通路的电磁阀。
进一步，所述预热水容器、第一加热器、开水存储容器集成在一个箱体内，分上中下三层布置，各层之间用隔热层隔开；或所述预热水容器和开水存储容器集成在一个箱体内，分上下两层布置，中间用隔热层隔开，第一加热器外挂在箱体的外壁。
本发明的另一个技术方案是：
一种采用上述轨道车辆用电热水器的水加热方法，包括如下步骤：
在所述预热水容器中将水源的水加热至所述第一设定温度；
将加热至所述第一设定温度的水输送到所述第一加热器；
再通过所述第一加热器将水加热至所述第二设定温度；
将加热至所述第二设定温度的水存储在所述开水存储容器。
进一步，经所述第一加热器加热后的所述第二设定温度为沸点的温度，处于沸腾状态的水进入所述开水存储容器存储。
进一步，在所述开水存储容器的水处于低水位时，接通所述预热水容器与开水存储容器之间的水通路，同时启动所述第一加热器加热；在所述开水存储容器的水处于高水位时，切断所述预热水容器与开水存储容器之间的水通路，同时所述第一加热器停止工作。
综上内容，本发明所述的轨道车辆用电热水器及水加热方法，与现有技术相比较，具有如下优点：
(1)采用预热水容器对水源的水预热并提供盥洗用的温水，再通过进一步加热提高水温至沸腾，生产开水供使用者饮用，一台设备实现两种功能，节省了车上占用空间。
(2)通过预热水容器对水源的水进行预热，此时水温可以达到45-65℃，再对其进行加热至沸腾，起到节能的效果，大幅减少用电负荷。
(3)经第一加热器烧开至沸腾的水进入开水存储容器存储，水不会回流，不会发生重复烧水的现象。
(4)第一加热器独立于开水存储容器安装，其中的加热元件不需要浸泡在水里，不会存水垢，可以提高其加热效率，同时可以增加使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明电热水器结构示意图。
如图1所示，预热水容器1，开水存储容器2，第一加热器3，第二加热器4，进水管5，温度控制器6，缺水保护开关7，出水口8，进水口9，水管路10，PTC加热元件11，第一保温层12，加热片13，低温取水口14， 高温取水口15，电磁阀16，低水位传感器17，高水位传感器18，通气阀19，第二保温层20，第三保温层21，防干烧保护器22。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述：
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种轨道车辆用电热水器，包括预热水容器1、开水存储容器2和第一加热器3，预热水容器1、第一加热器3和开水存储容器2的水通路相互连通，且按水从低向高的流向布置，预热水容器1与水源连接，利用水源的水压作为水流动的动力。
水源为安装在车体底部的储水箱(图中未示出)，在预热水容器1的底壁上连接进水管5，进水管5与车上的水源连接，依靠水源的水压向预热水容器1内供水。进水管5安装在底壁上，而且按水从低向高的流向布置预热水容器1、第一加热器3和开水存储容器2，有利于在冬季时将预热水容器1、开水存储容器2和第一加热器3水通路中的水全部排干净，避免水冻结而损坏设备。
在预热水容器2中安装第二加热器4，第二加热器4采用浸没式加热器，如电加热管等，第二加热器4用于将水源的低温水加热至第一设定温度，第一设定温度为45-65℃，提供盥洗用的温水，因为不是供饮用的水，所以此时不需要将水烧开，以节省能源。在预热水容器2的外壁上包裹一层第二保温层20，保证预热水容器2内水的温度，达到降低电负荷的作用。在预热水容器1的侧壁顶部连接低温取水口14，低温取水口14通过水管与盥洗室的水龙头连接，使用者打开水龙头即可有温水使用，而且利用水源的水压进行供水，也可以避免水流速度过快，造成浪费，也方便由车辆供水系统统一控制。
在预热水容器1内安装有温度控制器6，温度控制器6根据检测到的预热 水容器1内水的温度，控制第二加热器4的通断，进而控制预热水容器1内水的温度在第一设定温度的45-65℃范围内，满足盥洗使用。
在预热水容器1内还安装有缺水保护开关7和防干烧保护器22，缺水保护开关7安装在预热水容器1的顶部，预热水容器1中的水永远是满的，只有当车下水箱缺水时，缺水保护开关7动作，发出缺水信号。防干烧保护器22避免第二加热器4温度过高，保证其正常工作。
预热水容器1的顶壁上设有出水口8，与开水存储容器2的进水口9之间连接第一加热器3，利用水源的水压将预热水容器1内的水输送到一加热器3内，第一加热器3用于将从预热水容器1出来的水加热至第二设定温度。预热水容器1将水的温度提高，起到预热的作用，在此温度基础上再将水烧开，烧开时间短，耗电也少，达到节能的目的。
第一加热器3由水管路10、加热元件及第一保温层12组成，水管路10将预热水容器1的出水口8与开水存储容器2的进水口9连接形成水通路。本实施例中，加热元件优选采用PTC加热元件11，PTC加热元件11由多层平行设置的陶瓷加热片13组成，加热片13由低向高平行间隔设置，水管路10也由低向高呈S形串接在PTC加热元件11的各层加热片13之间，由PTC加热元件11给水管路10中的水加热。水管路10的进水在低位，出水在高低，可以利于在冬季或检修时水管路10中水的排空，水管路10中的水排空时流回预热水容器1内，再通过预热水容器1底部的进水管5排出，流回车辆的储水箱。
第一加热器3独立于开水存储容器2安装，其中的PTC加热元件11不需要浸泡在水里，不会存水垢，可以提高其加热效率，同时可以增加使用寿命。同时，由于PTC加热元件11只需要给水管路10中的水进行加热，不需要给整个水箱的水进行加热，可以进一步减少用电负荷，达到节能的效果。
为提高传热效率，水管路10采用铝材料，本实施例中，则优选采用铝型材，由铝型材一体加工而成，便于制造和安装，水管路10的断面呈扁平的结构，其上下的管壁与加热片13密贴，保证水管路10里的水能较好地吸收PTC加热元件11的热量，提高加热效率。
第一保温层12优选采用硅酸铝纤维或陶瓷纤维，第一保温层12将水管 路10和PTC加热元件11包裹在其中，避免热量损失。
水管路10长度及PTC加热元件11的功率根据加热后温度的需要而设计，本实施例中，水管路10长度及PTC加热元件11的功率要保证加热后的水在进入开水存储容器2的进水口9时刚好处于沸腾状态，即第二设定温度为沸点的温度，处于沸腾状态的水进入开水存储容器2内存储，在开水存储容器2的外壁包裹一层第三保温层21，使开水存储容器2内的水始终保持在95℃以上，同时达到节能的目的。
在开水存储容器2的侧壁上开设高温取水口15，高温取水口15接一水龙头，使用者打开水龙头直接取开水。本实施例中，高温取水口15优选开在侧壁的底部，利用水源的水压及开水存储容器2内存水的水压供水，可以避免水流速度过快，出现开水烫伤使用者的事故。
在开水存储容器2内还设置低水位传感器17和高水位传感器18，用于控制开水存储容器2的水位，保证使用要求。
本实施例中，开水存储容器2的进水口9开在容器的底壁上，这样，沸腾状态的水从进水口9进入后会直接与开水存储容器2内的存水混合，水蒸汽会被存水吸收，避免开水存储容器2内存有过多的水蒸汽。同时，进水口9设置在底壁上，利于在冬季或检修时将开水存储容器2中水的排空，开水存储容器2中的水排空时顺着水管路10流回预热水容器1内，再通过预热水容器1底部的进水管5排出，回流至车辆的储水箱。
在预热水容器1的出水口8串接一电磁阀16，电磁阀16用于控制预热水容器1、开水存储容器2之间水通路的通断。当有使用者取用开水，而使开水存储容器2内的水位达到低水位时，低水位传感器17会发出信号，电磁阀16接通，预热水容器1和开水存储容器2之间的水通路接通，同时启动第一加热器3，预热水容器1内的已经预热的水在水压的作用下进入第一加热器3，PTC加热元件11加热水管路10中的水至沸腾状态，沸腾状态的水进入开水存储容器2内存储。当开水存储容器2内的水上升至高水位时，高水位传感器18会发出信号，电磁阀16断开，预热水容器1和开水存储容器2之间的水通路断开，同时第一加热器3停止工作。
在预热水容器1和开水存储容器2的顶部均设置有通气阀19，在预热水 容器1和开水存储容器2内存积有气体的时候进行放气，保证水流动的顺畅。
该电热水器在水压的作用下，水从底部的进水管5进入预热水容器1内，再经过第一加热器3中的水管路10进入开水存储容器2内存储，水始终保持由低向高的方向流动，不会产生回流现象，因此，可以有效避免重复烧开水的现象发生。
本实施例中，将预热水容器1、第一加热器3、开水存储容器2集成在一个箱体内，开水存储容器2、第一加热器3和预热水容器1按上中下三层布置，各层之间用隔板(图中未示出)隔开，分别利用各自的第三保温层21、第一保温层12及第二保温层20保温隔热，这种布置形式使结构更加紧凑，占用空间更小，而且安装维修均非常方便，也方便使用。
也可以仅将预热水容器1、开水存储容器2集成在一个箱体内，开水存储容器2和预热水容器1按上下两层布置，中间用隔板(图中未示出)隔开，第一加热器3外挂在箱体的外壁上，与预热水容器1的出水口8连接的水管路10穿过箱体壁进入第一加热器3内，水管路10的出口穿过箱体壁再进入箱体内与开水存储容器2的进水口9连接，第一加热器3内的水管路10布置方式依然是由低向高呈S形布置，这样方便第一加热器3的检修。采用该种布置形式时，在预热水容器1、开水存储容器2之间及第一加热器3上均单独设置排水管，以方便检修或冬季时排空。
下面详细描述上述电热水器的水加热方法，包括如下步骤：
1、储水箱中的水在水压的作用下通过进水管5进入预热水容器1，通过第二加热器4将预热水容器1中的水加热至第一设定温度，提供盥洗用水，利用温度控制器6控制预热水容器1中水的温度保持在45-65℃之间。
2、在水压的作用下，将加热至第一设定温度的水从预热水容器1的出水口8流出进入第一加热器3的水管路10中。
3、PTC加热元件11通电加热，水管路10中的水被烧开至沸腾状态。
4、同样在水压的作用下，加热至沸腾状态的水通过开水存储容器2底部的进水口9进入开水存储容器2内，并存储在开水存储容器2内，提供饮用水。
当有使用者取用开水，而使开水存储容器2内的水位达到低水位时，低 水位传感器17会发出信号，电磁阀16接通，预热水容器1和开水存储容器2之间的水通路接通，同时启动第一加热器3，预热水容器1内的已经预热的水在水压的作用下进入第一加热器3，PTC加热元件11加热水管路10中的水至沸腾状态，沸腾状态的水进入开水存储容器2内存储。当开水存储容器2内的水上升至高水位时，高水位传感器18会发出信号，电磁阀16断开，预热水容器1和开水存储容器2之间的水通路断开，同时第一加热器3停止工作。
该电热水器将烧开水的过程分为预热和烧开两部分，预热的水作为温水输出给盥洗用水，烧开的水供饮用，一个设备中实现了温水和开水的供应，不但具有节能的效果，还减小了设备在车上的占用空间。
如上所述，结合附图所给出的方案内容，可以衍生出类似的技术方案。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轨道车辆用电热水器，其特征在于：包括预热水容器、开水存储容器和第一加热器，在所述预热水容器中安装第二加热器用于将水加热至第一设定温度，所述预热水容器的出水口与所述开水存储容器的进水口之间通过所述第一加热器连接，所述第一加热器用于将从所述预热水容器出来的水加热至第二设定温度，在所述开水存储容器、预热水容器上分别设置有高温取水口和低温取水口，所述预热水容器连接水源，所述预热水容器、第一加热器和开水存储容器按水从低向高的流向布置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆用电热水器，其特征在于：所述第一加热器包括用于将所述预热水容器的出水口与所述开水存储容器的进水口连接的水管路、加热元件及将所述水管路及所述加热元件包裹在其中的第一保温层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的轨道车辆用电热水器，其特征在于：所述加热元件为PTC加热元件，所述水管路呈S形串接在所述PTC加热元件的各层加热片之间，所述水管路的管壁与加热片密贴。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的轨道车辆用电热水器，其特征在于：所述水管路为铝型材一体加工而成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆用电热水器，其特征在于：所述开水存储容器的进水口开在容器的底壁上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆用电热水器，其特征在于：在所述预热水容器的出水口串接一用于通断所述预热水容器、开水存储容器之间水通路的电磁阀。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的轨道车辆用电热水器，其特征在于：所述预热水容器、第一加热器、开水存储容器集成在一个箱体内，分上中下三层布置，各层之间用隔板隔开；
    或所述预热水容器和开水存储容器集成在一个箱体内，分上下两层布置，中间用隔板隔开，第一加热器外挂在箱体的外壁。
  8. 一种利用如权利要求1-7任一项所述的轨道车辆用电热水器的水加热方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    在所述预热水容器中将水源的水加热至所述第一设定温度；
    将加热至所述第一设定温度的水输送到所述第一加热器；
    再通过所述第一加热器将水加热至所述第二设定温度；
    将加热至所述第二设定温度的水存储在所述开水存储容器。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的水加热方法，其特征在于：经所述第一加热器加热后的所述第二设定温度为沸点的温度，处于沸腾状态的水进入所述开水存储容器存储。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的水加热方法，其特征在于：在所述开水存储容器的水处于低水位时，接通所述预热水容器与开水存储容器之间的水通路，同时启动所述第一加热器加热；在所述开水存储容器的水处于高水位时，切断所述预热水容器与开水存储容器之间的水通路，同时所述第一加热器停止工作。
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