WO2016103906A1 - 蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016103906A1 WO2016103906A1 PCT/JP2015/080496 JP2015080496W WO2016103906A1 WO 2016103906 A1 WO2016103906 A1 WO 2016103906A1 JP 2015080496 W JP2015080496 W JP 2015080496W WO 2016103906 A1 WO2016103906 A1 WO 2016103906A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- storage device
- ionic liquid
- electrolyte
- electricity storage
- mass
- Prior art date
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- -1 triethylmethylammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 9
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical class C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOSPVHQYAGHQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].COCC[N+]1(CCCC1)C ZOSPVHQYAGHQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZKLQIVPPHFQZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrrolidine Chemical compound COCCN1CCCC1 ZKLQIVPPHFQZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTHWJSPEAAGERR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-(methoxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].COC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 GTHWJSPEAAGERR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHEBVKPOSBNNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [K+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O MHEBVKPOSBNNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCCC KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOC JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZWVMKLQNYGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC YZWVMKLQNYGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTIGGAHUZJWQMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound COCCCl XTIGGAHUZJWQMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BELGHMWMXFCZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCN1CCOC1=O BELGHMWMXFCZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCOC1=O VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDKSTFXHMBGCPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound CC1(C)CCOCO1 GDKSTFXHMBGCPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZVUAOCDNFNSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methoxy-2-phenyl-1h-quinolin-4-one Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2C(O)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 JZVUAOCDNFNSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XJUZRXYOEPSWMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloromethyl methyl ether Chemical compound COCCl XJUZRXYOEPSWMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010014415 Electrolyte depletion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYKZLSOWKOVLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)F.COC[N+]1(CCCC1)C Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)F.COC[N+]1(CCCC1)C LYKZLSOWKOVLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- NVIANCROYQGROD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O NVIANCROYQGROD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBTKRUXLKWRXSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O.COCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 HBTKRUXLKWRXSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940061627 chloromethyl methyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOEDDFFKYCBADJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 IOEDDFFKYCBADJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;benzoate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0045—Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electricity storage device, and more particularly to an electricity storage device containing a specific ionic liquid.
- an ionic liquid As an electrolyte, it can be used as an electrolytic solution without using an organic solvent. Therefore, in recent years, as an electrolyte of an electric double layer capacitor, triethylmethylammonium ions (TEMA) and tetraethylammonium ions, which are solid salts, are used. Attempts have been made to use ionic liquids instead of electrolytes having (TEA) or the like as a cation.
- TSA triethylmethylammonium ions
- TEA tetraethylammonium ions
- EMIBF4 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
- a pyrrolidinium salt which is an alicyclic ammonium salt
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 The technique used as is known (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- EMIBF 4 used as a general ionic liquid has a relatively low viscosity, so it does not pose a major problem in terms of an increase in internal resistance, but it has a low withstand voltage, so an electricity storage device that requires a high voltage Not applicable to
- the electricity storage device using the ionic liquid has a problem that the viscosity of the ionic liquid is significantly increased or solidified in a low temperature environment, and the performance of the electricity storage device is deteriorated.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an electricity storage device that can be used in a low temperature environment while containing an ionic liquid.
- an ionic liquid composed of a predetermined pyrrolidinium cation and a bis (fluorosulfonyl) amide anion has excellent voltage resistance.
- the liquid resistance is low due to its low viscosity and high electrical conductivity, so that it is suitable as a power storage device component such as an electrolyte, and power storage such as an electric double layer capacitor obtained using this ionic liquid.
- the present inventors have found that the device can be charged / discharged even in a low temperature environment and completed the present invention.
- An electricity storage device comprising an ionic liquid represented by formula (1), (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and n represents 1 or 2.) 2.
- a power storage device comprising a pair of polarizable electrodes, a separator interposed between the electrodes, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is an electric double layer capacitor containing an ionic liquid represented by the formula (1) , 3.
- the electricity storage device, wherein the electrolyte does not contain an organic solvent, 4). 2 or 3 electricity storage devices, wherein the electrolyte is composed only of the ionic liquid represented by the formula (1), 5.
- the electricity storage device according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a methyl group or an ethyl group; 6).
- the electric storage device is provided wherein R 1 and R 2 are both methyl groups.
- the ionic liquid used in the present invention has low viscosity and high electrical conductivity compared to the tetrafluoroborate salt of the same cation, so the liquid resistance is low, and the internal resistance is reduced when used as an electrolyte for an electricity storage device. To do.
- the ionic liquid EMIBF4 that is generally used, since it has excellent voltage resistance, there is an advantage that the operating voltage range of the electricity storage device is widened.
- an electricity storage device having this ionic liquid as an electrolytic solution can be charged / discharged even in a low temperature environment of about ⁇ 20 ° C., and has only a small decrease in capacity during charging / discharging at low temperatures, so that only the ionic liquid is used as the electrolytic solution.
- the device performance at low temperature is improved and the device can be used in a wide temperature range.
- FIG. 2 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of MEMP • FSA obtained in Synthesis Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum of MMMP ⁇ FSA obtained in Synthesis Example 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the electric potential window measurement result of each ionic liquid obtained by the synthesis examples 1 and 2.
- the electricity storage device includes an ionic liquid represented by the formula (1).
- the electricity storage device in the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes various electricity storage devices such as an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, a lithium secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium air battery, and a proton polymer battery. Among them, an electric double layer capacitor is preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and n represents 1 or 2.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, c-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s- Examples include butyl, t-butyl, c-butyl, n-pentyl, c-pentyl group, etc., but a linear alkyl group is preferable, among which a methyl group and an ethyl group are more preferable, and a methyl group is still more preferable.
- the ionic liquid used in the present invention can be produced by the method described in Patent Document 2 above, for example, N-alkoxyalkyl-N-alkylpyrrolidinium halides produced according to a conventional method (for example, chloride, bromide, etc.) ) And a bis (fluorosulfonyl) amide salt of an alkali metal (for example, sodium, potassium, etc.) can be obtained by an anion exchange reaction in an aqueous solvent.
- a conventional method for example, chloride, bromide, etc.
- a bis (fluorosulfonyl) amide salt of an alkali metal for example, sodium, potassium, etc.
- Examples of the cation structure of the ionic liquid that can be suitably used in the present invention include the following, but are not limited thereto.
- the cationic structure (A) below is preferable from the viewpoint of more excellent thermal stability, and the cationic structure (B) below is preferable from the viewpoint of lower viscosity.
- the above-described ionic liquid is used as a material of a device constituent member, and the application location is arbitrary, but it is particularly preferable to use it as a constituent material of an electrolyte or an electrode.
- the ionic liquid When used as an electrolyte material, the ionic liquid may be used alone, or a non-aqueous organic solvent or an electrolyte salt conventionally used in general may be added to the ionic liquid, but it is preferable to use the ionic liquid alone.
- the ionic liquid used in the present invention has a relatively low viscosity per se and has a good ability to dissolve other electrolyte salts. Therefore, even when a non-aqueous solvent or an electrolyte salt is used, a non-aqueous organic solvent is used.
- the amount is preferably 10% by mass or less in the electrolytic solution, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and most preferably 0% by mass (that is, the liquid component is only an ionic liquid).
- non-aqueous organic solvent examples include dibutyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-ethoxymethoxyethane, methyl diglyme, methyl triglyme, methyl tetraglyme, ethyl glyme, ethyl diglyme, butyl diglyme, Chain ethers such as ethyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl cellosolve, butyl carbitol; heterocycles such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane Formula ethers; lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-one, 3-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-one; N-methylform
- the electrolyte salt is appropriately selected depending on the type of the electricity storage device. Specific examples thereof include lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide, lithium bis ( Fluorosulfonyl) amide, lithium perchlorate, lithium acetate, lithium trifluoroacetate, lithium benzoate, lithium p-toluenesulfonate, lithium nitrate, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, etc .; tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate , Tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetrapropylammonium hexafluorophosphate, methyltriethylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethylammonium tetra Ruoroboreto, and quaternary ammonium salts such as tetra
- the concentration thereof is not particularly limited and is usually about 0.5 to 3 mol / L, preferably about 0.8 to 2 mol / L, preferably 0.9 to 1.5 mol / L. About L is more preferable.
- the carbonaceous material is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known carbonaceous materials can be used.
- activated carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanohorn, etc. can be used.
- carbon nanotubes are preferable from the viewpoint of conductivity.
- a single-walled carbon nanotube in which one graphene sheet is wound in a cylindrical shape, a double-walled carbon nanotube in which two graphene sheets are wound in a concentric shape, and a plurality of graphene sheets are concentrically wound in a carbon nanotube Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are known, but any of them may be used in the present invention, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the content of the carbonaceous material in the gel composition is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.1 to 80% by mass, preferably 1 to 40% by mass, and 3 to 15% by mass. More preferred.
- the gel composition can be obtained by mixing a carbonaceous material and an ionic liquid and kneading them. During mixing, an ionic liquid may be added to the carbonaceous material or vice versa.
- the kneading method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a mortar and a method using a wet pulverizer such as a ball mill, a roller mill, a bead mill, a jet mill, and a vibration mill.
- the said gel-like composition can be prepared using only an ionic liquid and a carbonaceous material, you may use a well-known binder polymer and electrically conductive material as needed.
- the binder polymer can be appropriately selected from known materials and used.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVD polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVD polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- polytetrafluoroethylene polytetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- Vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer [P (VDF-HFP)]
- vinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer [P (VDF-CTFE)]
- polyvinyl alcohol ethylene-propylene-diene ternary Copolymers
- styrene-butadiene rubber carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the like can be mentioned.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- Examples of conductive materials added as necessary include carbon fibers such as carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon whiskers, carbon fibers, natural graphite, artificial graphite, titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, aluminum, and nickel. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the conductive material added can be, for example, 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carbonaceous material, and preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass.
- An electrode can be produced by applying and laminating a gel-like composition prepared by kneading the ionic liquid, carbonaceous material, and binder polymer or conductive material used as necessary onto a current collector. It can.
- the positive electrode current collector include an aluminum foil and an aluminum alloy foil.
- Specific examples of the negative electrode current collector include copper foil, copper alloy foil, nickel foil, nickel alloy foil, stainless steel foil, aluminum foil, and aluminum alloy foil.
- the electricity storage device is not particularly limited as long as it includes an electrolyte and / or an electrode using the ionic liquid described above.
- a pair of polarizable electrodes and a separator interposed between these electrodes And / or an electrolyte of an electric double layer capacitor configured to include an electrolyte, and / or an electrode containing an electrolytic solution or gel-like composition containing the above ionic liquid as at least one, preferably both polarizable electrodes are provided.
- device constituent materials other than the electrolyte and electrode using the ionic liquid may be appropriately selected from conventionally known materials and are not particularly limited, but examples thereof are as follows. It is.
- Examples of a general polarizable electrode include those obtained by applying a composition containing a carbonaceous material such as various activated carbons, a binder polymer, and, if necessary, a conductive material on a current collector. Examples of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector constituting the binder polymer, the conductive material, and the polarizable electrode include the same ones as described above.
- a solvent may be used when preparing the composition. This solvent is selected according to the kind of the binder polymer, but generally N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or water is used.
- the separator include polyolefin separators such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyester separators such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide separators, polyimide separators, cellulose separators, and glass fiber separators.
- polyolefin separators such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polyester separators such as polyethylene terephthalate
- polyamide separators such as polyethylene terephthalate
- polyamide separators such as polyamide separators
- polyimide separators such as polyimide separators
- cellulose separators such as polyimide separators
- glass fiber separators such as a general electrolyte
- electrolyte for example, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which the above-described quaternary ammonium salt is dissolved in the above-described non-aqueous organic solvent can be mentioned.
- an electric double layer capacitor structure having a separator interposed between a pair of electrodes is stacked, folded, or wound, and this is a battery can or a laminate pack.
- the battery pack can be obtained by being sealed, while the laminate pack can be heat-sealed (heat-welded).
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (8.58 parts by mass) was dissolved in 10 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water. This solution was added with stirring to a solution prepared by dissolving 12.5 parts by mass of potassium bis (fluorosulfonyl) amide (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) in 5 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water. After stirring overnight at room temperature, the reaction solution separated into two layers was separated, and the lower organic layer was washed four times with ion-exchanged water and then dried using a vacuum pump.
- the potential window was measured for each ionic liquid obtained in Synthesis Examples 1 and 2. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that any ionic liquid has a wide potential window.
- Example 1-1 Production of positive electrode structure Activated carbon Maxsorb MSP20 (manufactured by Kansai Thermochemical Co., Ltd.), conductive agent (HS-100, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and PVDF (manufactured by Aldrich) as a binder )
- NMP coating solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Example 1-2 An electric double layer capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that MMMP ⁇ FSA obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was used as the electrolyte instead of MEMP ⁇ FSA.
- Example 1-1 A method similar to Example 1-1 was used except that 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMI • BF4, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) was used as the electrolyte instead of MEMP • FSA. An electric double layer capacitor was produced.
- EMI • BF4 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
- Example 1-1 and Example 1-1 were used except that 2-methoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (MEMP ⁇ BF4) synthesized by the method described in Patent Document 1 was used instead of MEMP ⁇ FSA as the electrolytic solution.
- MEMP ⁇ FSA 2-methoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate
- the initial characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor produced above were measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 2. First, a constant current charge is performed to 3.0V at a current value of one hour rate, a constant voltage charge is performed for 30 minutes, and then a constant current discharge is performed from 3.0V to 0V at a current value of one hour rate. The electrostatic capacity was calculated from the total discharge energy amount. The internal resistance was measured with a resistance meter (RM3548, manufactured by Hioki Electric Co., Ltd.). Each measurement was performed after being left in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for 2 hours or more.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is a device having a wide applicable temperature range that can be charged and discharged at ⁇ 20 to 60 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
また、高温環境下で使用した際に、有機溶媒が揮発することにより、ガス発生や電解液の枯渇による内部短絡が起こるという問題がある。
しかも、イオン液体を用いた蓄電デバイスは、低温環境下においてイオン液体の粘性が著しく上昇する、固体化するなどの現象が起こり、蓄電デバイスの性能が低下するという問題もある。
1. 式(1)で示されるイオン液体を含んで構成されることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス、
2. 一対の分極性電極と、これら電極間に介在するセパレータと、電解質とを備えて構成され、前記電解質が、前記式(1)で示されるイオン液体を含む電気二重層キャパシタである1の蓄電デバイス、
3. 前記電解質が、有機溶媒を含まない2の蓄電デバイス、
4. 前記電解質が、前記式(1)で示されるイオン液体のみからなる2または3の蓄電デバイス、
5. 前記R1およびR2が、互いに独立してメチル基またはエチル基を表す1~4のいずれかの蓄電デバイス、
6. 前記R1およびR2が、共にメチル基である5の蓄電デバイス
を提供する。
また、一般的に用いられるイオン液体EMIBF4と比較し、耐電圧性に優れるため、蓄電デバイスの使用電圧範囲が広がるという利点がある。
さらに、このイオン液体を電解液として有する蓄電デバイスは、-20℃程度という低温環境下でも充放電可能であるうえに、低温時充放電における容量低下が少ないため、イオン液体のみを電解液としていながら低温下でのデバイス性能が向上し、広い温度範囲で使用が可能となるという利点もある。
本発明に係る蓄電デバイスは、式(1)で示されるイオン液体を含む。
本発明における蓄電デバイスとしては、特に限定されるものではなく、電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウムイオンキャパシタ、リチウム二次電池、リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウム空気電池、プロトンポリマー電池等の各種蓄電デバイスが挙げられるが、中でも、電気二重層キャパシタが好ましい。
炭素数1~5のアルキル基としては、直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれでもよく、例えば、メチル、エチル、n-プロピル、i-プロピル、c-プロピル、n-ブチル、i-ブチル、s-ブチル、t-ブチル、c-ブチル、n-ペンチル、c-ペンチル基等が挙げられるが、直鎖状のアルキル基が好ましく、中でもメチル基、エチル基がより好ましく、メチル基がより一層好ましい。
なお、本発明で用いる上記イオン液体は、それ自体比較的粘度が低く、またその他の電解質塩の溶解能も良好であるため、非水系溶媒や電解質塩を用いる場合でも、非水系有機溶媒の使用量は電解液中に10質量%以下が好ましく、5質量%以下がより好ましく、0質量%(すなわち、液体成分はイオン液体のみ)であることが最適である。
炭素質材料としては、特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知の種々の炭素質材料を用いることができ、例えば、活性炭、グラファイト、グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノホーン等を用いることができるが、中でも、導電性などの点からカーボンナノチューブが好ましい。
カーボンナノチューブには、1枚のグラフェンシートが円筒状に巻かれた単層カーボンナノチューブ、2枚のグラフェンシートが同心円状に巻かれた2層カーボンナノチューブ、複数のグラフェンシートが同心円状に巻かれた多層カーボンナノチューブが知られているが、本発明ではいずれを用いてもよく、またそれらの2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ゲル状組成物は、炭素質材料とイオン液体とを混合し、これを混練して得ることができる。混合の際、炭素質材料にイオン液体を加えても、その逆でもよい。
混練手法としては特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、乳鉢を用いた手法や、ボールミル、ローラーミル、ビーズミル、ジェットミル、振動ミルなど湿式粉砕機を用いた手法などが挙げられる。
バインダーポリマーとしては、公知の材料から適宜選択して用いることができ、その具体例としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体〔P(VDF-HFP)〕、フッ化ビニリデン-塩化3フッ化エチレン共重合体〔P(VDF-CTFE)〕、ポリビニルアルコール、エチレン-プロピレン-ジエン三元共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)等が挙げられる。
導電材の添加量は、例えば、炭素質材料100質量部に対して0.1~20質量部とすることができるが、好ましくは0.5~10質量部である。
正極集電体の具体例としては、アルミニウム箔、アルミニウム合金箔等が挙げられる。
負極集電体の具体例としては、銅箔、銅合金箔、ニッケル箔、ニッケル合金箔、ステンレス箔、アルミニウム箔、アルミニウム合金箔等が挙げられる。
一般的な分極性電極としては、各種活性炭等の炭素質材料とバインダーポリマーと必要に応じて導電材を含む組成物を集電体上に塗布したものが挙げられる。
バインダーポリマー、導電材、並びに分極性電極を構成する正極集電体および負極集電体としては、上記と同様のものが挙げられる。
また、上記組成物の調製時には溶媒を用いてもよい。この溶媒は、バインダーポリマーの種類に応じて選定されるものであるが、一般的には、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンや水が用いられる。
一般的な電解質としては、例えば、上述した4級アンモニウム塩を上述した非水系有機溶媒に溶かした非水系電解液が挙げられる。
なお、実施例で使用した分析装置は下記のとおりである。
[1]1H-NMRスペクトル
装置:日本電子(株)製 AL-400
溶媒:重ジメチルホルムアミド
[2]粘度計
装置:BROOK FIELD社製 プログラマブルレオメーター
[3]電気伝導率
装置:東亜ディーケーケー(株)製 電気伝導率計CM-30R
[4]電位窓
装置:北斗電工(株)製 スタンダードボルタンメトリツールHSV-100
[5]内部抵抗
装置:日置電気(株)製 抵抗計RM3548
得られたN-2-メトキシエチルピロリジン1.00質量部、およびこれに対して2倍容量のトルエン(和光純薬工業(株)製)を混合し、オートクレーブ中に入れ、系内を窒素置換した。密閉系にした後、室温撹拌下で塩化メチルガス(日本特殊化学工業(株)製)約1.00質量部を加えた。塩化メチルガス導入時には温度および内圧の上昇が見られ、最高時で温度は約53℃、内圧は5.5kgf/cm2(約5.4×105Pa)まで上昇した。そのまま加熱せずに反応させ、2日後に塩化メチルガス約0.75質量部を加えた。さらに1日反応させた後、加圧を解除し、系中に生成した結晶を減圧濾過にてろ別し、真空ポンプを用いて乾燥させ、N-2-メトキシエチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムクロライド1.29質量部を得た(収率92%)。
得られたN-2-メトキシエチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムクロライド1.00質量部に当倍容量のイオン交換水を加え、撹拌して溶解させた。この溶液をカリウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)アミド(関東化学(株)製)1.29質量部を当倍容量のイオン交換水に溶かした溶液に撹拌下で加えた。室温で反応させ、3時間以上経過した後に、2層に分離した反応液を分液し、下層の有機層を2回イオン交換水で洗浄後、真空ポンプを用いて乾燥させ、目的物であるN-2-メトキシエチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)アミド(MEMP・FSA)1.50質量部を得た(収率83%)。MEMP・FSAの1H-NMRスペクトルを図1に示す。なお25℃での粘度は、35cPであった。
得られたN-メトキシメチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムクロライド8.58質量部をイオン交換水10質量部に溶解させた。この溶液をカリウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)アミド(関東化学(株)製)12.5質量部をイオン交換水5質量部に溶かした溶液に撹拌下で加えた。室温で撹拌を一晩継続させた後、2層に分かれた反応液を分液し、下層の有機層をイオン交換水で4回洗浄後、真空ポンプを用いて乾燥させ、目的物であるN-メトキシメチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)アミド(MMMP・FSA))を10.2質量部得た(収率63%)。MMMP・FSAの1H-NMRスペクトルを図2に示す。なお25℃での粘度は、20cPであった。
図3に示されるように、いずれのイオン液体とも広い電位窓を有することがわかる。
[実施例1-1]
(1)正の電極構造体の作製
活性炭マックスソーブMSP20(関西熱化学(株)製)と、導電剤(HS-100、電気化学工業(株)製)と、バインダーであるPVDF(アルドリッチ社製)とを85:8:7の質量組成になるように、塗工溶媒であるN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(以下NMP)中で混合し、正の分極性電極用塗工液を調製した。
得られた塗工液を、正の集電体であるエッチドアルミ箔(30CB、日本蓄電器工業(株)製)に塗工した後、ロールプレスで圧延し、さらにNMPを乾燥除去して正の分極性電極を形成し、正の分極性電極構造体を得た。
(2)負の電極構造体の作製
活性炭(LPY039、日本エンバイロケミカルズ(株)製)と、導電剤(HS-100、電気化学工業(株)製)と、バインダーであるPVDF(アルドリッチ社製、重量平均分子量:534,000)とを85:7:8の質量組成になるように、塗工溶媒であるNMP中で混合し、負の分極性電極用塗工液を調製した。
得られた塗工液を、負の集電体であるエッチドアルミ箔(30CB、日本蓄電器工業(株)製)に塗工した後、ロールプレスで圧延し、さらにNMPを乾燥除去して負の分極性電極を形成し、負の分極性電極構造体を得た。
上記で得られた正の分極性電極構造体と、負の分極性電極構造体とのそれぞれに、アルミ製の電極取り出し端子をスポット溶着し、セパレータ(TF40-35、ニッポン高度紙工業(株)製)を介してセルを組み立て、アルミラミネート(大日本印刷(株)製)からなる外装容器に挿入した。この中に、電解液として合成例1で得られたMEMP・FSAを所定量注入した後、25℃、10kPa以下の減圧下で12時間以上静置して電解液を含浸させた後、熱溶着にて封止し、電気二重層キャパシタを得た。
MEMP・FSAに代えて、合成例2で得られたMMMP・FSAを電解液として用いた以外は、実施例1-1と同様の方法で電気二重層キャパシタを作製した。
MEMP・FSAに代えて、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムテトラフルオロボレート(EMI・BF4、関東化学(株)製)を電解液として用いた以外は、実施例1-1と同様の方法で電気二重層キャパシタを作製した。
MEMP・FSAに代えて、特許文献1記載の方法で合成した2-メトキシエチル-N-メチルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレート(MEMP・BF4)を電解液として用いた以外は、実施例1-1と同様の方法で電気二重層キャパシタを作製した。
まず、一時間率の電流値で3.0Vまで定電流充電を行い、そのまま30分間、定電圧充電を行い、続いて、一時間率の電流値で3.0Vから0Vまで定電流放電したときの全放電エネルギー量から静電容量を算出した。内部抵抗は抵抗計(RM3548、日置電気(株)製)にて測定した。各測定共に25℃の恒温槽中に2時間以上放置した後に計測を行った。
表3に示されるように、比較例1-1で作製した電気二重層キャパシタは、-20℃の条件では充電することができなかったが、実施例1-1で作製した電気二重層キャパシタは、-20℃の条件においても充放電が可能であり、良好な放電容量が得られた。
Claims (6)
- 一対の分極性電極と、これら電極間に介在するセパレータと、電解質とを備えて構成され、
前記電解質が、前記式(1)で示されるイオン液体を含む電気二重層キャパシタである請求項1記載の蓄電デバイス。 - 前記電解質が、有機溶媒を含まない請求項2記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記電解質が、前記式(1)で示されるイオン液体のみからなる請求項2または3記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記R1およびR2が、互いに独立してメチル基またはエチル基を表す請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の蓄電デバイス。
- 前記R1およびR2が、共にメチル基である請求項5記載の蓄電デバイス。
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