WO2016090776A1 - 一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置 - Google Patents
一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016090776A1 WO2016090776A1 PCT/CN2015/076108 CN2015076108W WO2016090776A1 WO 2016090776 A1 WO2016090776 A1 WO 2016090776A1 CN 2015076108 W CN2015076108 W CN 2015076108W WO 2016090776 A1 WO2016090776 A1 WO 2016090776A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mirror
- concentrator
- solar concentrator
- mirror surface
- error
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of solar thermal power generation, and in particular to a method and a device for measuring and adjusting a mirror surface of a solar concentrator.
- the total global solar radiation is about 1.7 ⁇ 10 17 W, of which China accounts for about 1% (1.8 ⁇ 10 15 W, equivalent to 1.9 trillion tons of standard coal/year), which is 680 times of China’s current annual energy consumption. There is huge potential for development.
- Solar power generation technology is mainly divided into two major categories: photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation.
- Photovoltaic power generation mainly uses the photoelectric effect of photovoltaic panels to generate electricity.
- the power generation varies with the change of sunlight intensity, and it can't generate electricity at night and rainy days, which has a great impact on the power grid;
- the solar light flow density is low, and the unit power generation capacity is needed.
- the photovoltaic panel has a large area, and the photovoltaic panel manufacturing process is seriously polluted and costly; (3) the response panel of the photovoltaic panel to the solar spectrum is mainly concentrated in the high-frequency short-wave region (400 ⁇ 1100nm), and the low-frequency long-wave region Most of the energy is converted into heat, which causes the temperature of the photovoltaic panel to rise, the photoelectric conversion efficiency to decrease, and the service life to be shortened.
- Photothermal power generation technology mainly uses a parabolic mirror (or Fresnel mirror) to collect sunlight, and generates steam or heating fluid to drive the engine through a photothermal conversion and heat exchange device (such as a steam turbine, a Stirling machine, etc.).
- Power generation the advantage is that the technology can absorb the full range of sunlight, and can realize day and night continuous power generation through heat storage. Due to the low solar energy flow density, it is necessary to collect sunlight through a concentrating system to obtain a high energy flow density and a heat collection temperature.
- the concentrating system is mainly divided into four types: trough type, linear Fresnel type, tower type and dish type. Among them, the trough mirror is to concentrate the sunlight on a line parallel to the mirror surface.
- the linear Fresnel type is similar to the trough type. It divides the parabolic trough concentrating mirror into multiple strip-shaped mirrors, which helps to reduce the cost.
- Tower concentrating usually uses a plurality of heliostats to concentrate the sunlight on the top of the tower. On the collector, the system covers a large area, and the orientation and surface of each heliostat are different, and the control system is complicated.
- Disc concentrating usually consists of a whole rotating parabolic mirror or a multi-faceted mirror, which can concentrate sunlight in a small area, and the floor space and concentration ratio can be flexibly adjusted.
- the concentrating mirror surface should be installed on the bracket according to the theoretical design as much as possible, but it is difficult to install due to the large mirror surface area.
- the installation and adjustment of the condenser mirror surface have higher requirements.
- the dish Stirling system as an example, it is currently the most efficient (31.25% peak record) in various solar thermal power generation systems. Its technology focuses on high concentration ratio concentrators and high efficiency Stirling engines.
- the concentrating system provides the hot head of the Stirling engine that must provide a high concentration ratio of solar energy, and the flow density distribution should be as uniform as possible to avoid burning the hot head of the Stirling engine and causing an accident.
- a high concentration ratio may be used to reduce heat collection losses. Therefore, the accurate installation and adjustment of the concentrator mirror is one of the keys to efficient and reliable operation of the disc system.
- the mirror panel cannot be formed at one time. It needs to be mounted on the disc mirror bracket by a large number of small mirror panels, and the whole is assembled into a large disc mirror, and each small mirror panel is assembled. There is an adjustment mechanism to adjust the mirror mounting position.
- the large size of the dish condenser and the large number of mirrors bring great difficulties to the measurement and adjustment of the mirror surface. Also for trough, linear Fresnel and tower, there are also difficulties in mirror mounting adjustment.
- the main adjustment method is the real-time adjustment under the sunlight.
- the mirror surface is adjusted, so that the specularly reflected sunlight spotlight is incident on the receiver, which is relatively blind and time consuming.
- there is a stripe measurement method which requires a large stripe screen, and the stripe screen needs to be accurately positioned and positioned.
- a camera is required to collect and process the reflected stripe.
- the difficulty of this method is that the measurement result needs to be performed. Calibration is currently under study. There are also conventional installation positionings that are relatively precise during the manufacturing process, but are not suitable for larger concentrating mirror systems.
- a solar concentrator mirror measuring and adjusting device comprises a mirror bracket, a mirror sheet, a connection adjusting mechanism, a marking point, a camera, a length calibration rod A, a length calibration rod B and a processor, and the marking points are attached to the mirror sheet, and the mirror sheet is
- the camera is attached to the mirror holder by a connection adjustment mechanism, the camera is connected to the processor through the camera data line, and the length calibration rod A and the length calibration rod B are placed non-parallel.
- the solar concentrator comprises at least one concentrator mirror, and the solar concentrator is a dish, a trough, a linear Fresnel and a tower concentrator.
- connection adjustment mechanisms are disposed on the back surface of the solar concentrator mirror.
- the device also includes a laser scanner connected by a laser scanner data line On the processor.
- a solar concentrator mirror measurement and adjustment method includes the following steps:
- the collected data is transmitted to the processor through the camera data to calculate the relative position of each identification point, and the length calibration rod A is utilized. And the actual length of the length calibration rod B is calibrated, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the actual space of each identification point on all mirror surfaces are obtained;
- step 6 According to the installation error obtained in step 5), calculate the amount to be adjusted according to the connection adjustment mechanism, and then adjust the concentrator mirror to reduce the installation error.
- steps 4) to 6) are repeated after step 6) to further reduce the mirror mounting error until the concentrating ratio of the concentrator reaches the design value.
- the method for measuring and adjusting the specular surface of the solar concentrator further comprises the step A), wherein the step A) is to scan a single mirror sheet by using a laser three-dimensional scanner, and measure the shape error of the single mirror sheet with an error
- the probability model is characterized.
- the method for measuring and adjusting the specular surface of the solar concentrator further comprises the step 7), wherein the step 7) is to collect the error according to the measured mirror mounting error and the shape error of the single mirror sheet. System concentrating effects are evaluated.
- Steps 2) to 4) are the principle of photogrammetry.
- the marker points are targets that have a fixed shape and can be recognized by the camera.
- the actual operation is to attach the marker points to the mirror to ensure that each mirror has 3 or more mirrors.
- the points are identified, and the points can be randomly distributed on the mirror sheet, and do not need to be attached to a specific position on the mirror sheet.
- the camera shoots the marking point and the length calibration rod A and the length calibration rod B from different directions, and uses the two-dimensional picture to calculate the relative position of each identification point according to the conventional photogrammetry principle, and then obtains the identification point according to the length calibration rod.
- the absolute position so the absolute three-dimensional coordinates of the discrete identification points are obtained by the above steps.
- Step 5 Calculate the installation error according to the rigid body motion algorithm.
- X be the coordinate system of the identification point when the theoretical installation error is zero
- R is the cosine matrix
- ⁇ X is the translation matrix
- X' is the three-dimensional coordinate matrix of the measured identification points.
- R -1 represents the inverse matrix of R
- F is the theoretical mirror shape function expression, which is available
- Step 6 Calculate the adjustment amount of the mounting adjustment mechanism of the mirror piece according to the calculated specific values of the cosine matrix and the translation matrix, and further adjust to reduce the mounting error of the mirror surface.
- the overall mounting error of the mirror sheet is obtained by the above method.
- a laser scanner is also added to scan the single mirror sheet to obtain the actual shape of the single mirror sheet, and the mirror shape is fitted to obtain the probability distribution function of the shape error, and Rayleigh is used.
- the probability distribution function is expressed as shown in the following equation.
- x is the shape error
- ⁇ is the standard shape error
- the concentrating effect of the concentrating system is calculated by the processor simulation, and the whole concentrating system is further evaluated.
- the present invention has the following advantages:
- a rigid body motion matrix algorithm is proposed for the three-dimensional positioning of large-scale and complex curved concentrating mirrors.
- the spatial position and installation error of each concentrating mirror are accurately and quickly calculated.
- the mirror adjustment mechanism can reduce the mirror mounting error.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a concentrating system composed of a plurality of mirror sheets
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mirror bracket, the mirror panel and the connection adjustment mechanism
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of a marking point attached to a mirror surface
- Figure 4 is a schematic view of the measurement of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of measurement after adding a scanner according to the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the step flow.
- the serial number in the figure is: 1, concentrator mirror, 2, marking point, 3, laser scanner, 4, laser scanner data line, 5, processor, 6, camera data line, 7, camera, 8, Length calibration rod A, 9, length calibration rod B, 10, connection adjustment mechanism, 11, mirror bracket
- a solar concentrator mirror measurement and adjustment method includes the following steps:
- the solar concentrator comprises at least one concentrator mirror 1 , and the solar concentrator is a dish, a trough, a linear Fresnel and a tower concentrator.
- connection adjustment mechanisms 10 are disposed on the back surface of the solar concentrator mirror sheet 1.
- steps 4) - 6) are repeated after step 6) to further reduce the mirror mounting error until the concentrating ratio of the concentrator reaches the design value.
- the method for measuring and adjusting the specular surface of the solar concentrator further comprises the step A), wherein the single mirror sheet 1 is scanned by the laser three-dimensional scanner 3, and the shape error of the single mirror sheet is measured, and Characterized by an error probability model.
- the method for measuring and adjusting the specular surface of the solar concentrator further comprises the step 7), wherein the step 7) is based on the measured mirror mounting error and the shape error of the single mirror sheet, The light system concentrating effect is evaluated.
- a solar concentrator mirror measuring and adjusting device implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a mirror bracket 11, a mirror sheet 1, a connection adjusting mechanism 10, a marking point 2, a camera 7, a length calibration rod A8, a length calibration rod B9, and
- the processor 5 the marking point 2 is attached to the mirror sheet 1, the mirror sheet 1 is mounted on the mirror holder 11 by the connection adjustment mechanism 10, the camera 7 is connected to the processor 5 via the camera data line 6, the length calibration rod A8 and the length calibration Rod B9 is placed non-parallel.
- the apparatus also includes a laser scanner 3 that is coupled to the processor 5 via a laser scanner data line 4.
- the concentrator mirror sheet 1 is attached to the mirror holder 11 via the connection adjustment mechanism 10 as shown in FIG.
- the connection adjustment mechanism 10 As shown in Fig. 1, when all of the concentrator mirror sheets 1 are mounted on the bracket 11, three or more marking points 2 are attached to each of the mirror sheets, as shown in Fig. 3.
- Two length calibration rods A and length calibration rods B are placed near the concentrating system, so that the two length calibration rods are placed non-parallel, and the identification point and the two length calibration rods are taken from different directions by the camera 7, and the data passes through the camera data line. 6 is passed to the processor 5 to process the data, and the actual three-dimensional coordinates of the identified points are obtained, as shown in FIG.
- the matrix error algorithm of rigid body motion is used to calculate the installation error.
- X be the coordinate system of the identification point when the theoretical installation error is zero
- R is the cosine matrix
- ⁇ X is the translation matrix
- X' is the three-dimensional coordinate matrix of the measured identification points. Therefore, when the theoretical installation error is zero, the following equation is satisfied. :
- R -1 represents the inverse matrix of R
- F is the theoretical mirror shape function expression, which is available
- Step 6 Calculate the adjustment amount of the mounting adjustment mechanism of the mirror piece according to the calculated specific values of the cosine matrix and the translation matrix, and further adjust to reduce the mounting error of the mirror surface.
- the overall mounting error of the mirror sheet is obtained by the above method.
- a laser scanner is also added to scan the single mirror sheet to obtain the actual shape of the single mirror sheet, and the mirror shape is fitted to obtain the probability distribution function of the shape error, and Rayleigh is used.
- the probability distribution function is expressed as shown in the following equation.
- x is the shape error
- ⁇ is the standard shape error
- the concentrating effect of the concentrating system is calculated by the processor simulation, and the whole concentrating system is further evaluated.
- the flow chart is shown in Fig. 6.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量及调整方法,包括采用摄影测量法测量镜面片(1)的安装位置,采用三维扫描仪(3)测量碟式小镜面板面型,并且模拟评估整个聚光系统的聚光效果。摄影测量法得到镜面片(1)上所贴的标识点(2)三维坐标,采用三维缸体运动算法算出镜面片(1)的安装误差,并对镜面片(1)进行相应调整。采用三维扫描仪(3)测量镜面片(1)的面型,与理论设计比较,计算出实际镜面的斜率误差,结合安装误差的测量结果以及镜面片(1)的斜率误差,模拟评估整个聚光系统的聚光效果,并且可以再次对镜面进行测量,以便进一步减小安装误差,提高聚光效果。还有一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整装置。
Description
本发明涉及太阳能热发电领域,尤其涉及一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置。
全球太阳能辐射总量约1.7×1017W,其中我国约占1%(1.8×1015W,相当于1.9万亿吨标煤/年),是我国目前年能耗总量的680倍,太阳能蕴藏着巨大的开发潜力。
太阳能发电技术主要分为光伏发电和光热发电两大类。光伏发电主要是利用光伏电池板的光电效应进行发电。该技术目前主要存在三大缺点:(1)发电功率随太阳光强度变化而变化,在晚上和阴雨天完全不能发电,对电网冲击大;(2)太阳光流密度低,单位发电容量所需的光伏电池板面积大,而光伏电池板制造过程污染严重、成本很高;(3)光伏电池板对太阳能光谱的响应波段主要集中在高频短波区域(400<λ<1100nm),低频长波区域的能量则大部分转化为热量,致使光伏电池板温度升高、光电转换效率降低、使用寿命缩短。
光热发电技术是主要是利用抛物面反射镜(或菲涅尔反射镜)将太阳光聚集起来,通过光热转换及换热装置产生蒸汽或加热流体驱动发动机(如汽轮机、斯特林机等)进行发电;其优点在于该技术可吸收全波段的太阳光、可通过蓄热实现昼夜连续发电。由于太阳能能流密度低,需要通过聚光系统将太阳光聚集获得高的能流密度以及集热温度。聚光系统主要分为槽式、线性菲涅尔式、塔式和碟式四大类。其中,槽式镜是将太阳光聚集在一条与镜面平行的线上,该技术只对太阳光进行一维跟踪。线性菲涅尔式与槽式较类似,将抛物面槽式聚光镜分为多块带状的镜面,有助于减少成本,塔式聚光通常是利用众多定日镜将太阳光聚集在高塔顶端的集热器上,该系统占地面积大,每个定日镜的方位和曲面都不相同,控制系统复杂。碟式聚光通常由整体旋转抛物镜面或多面镜子组成,可将太阳光聚集在一个小面积内,占地面积和聚光比灵活可调。为了提高聚光效果,聚光镜面应该尽量按照理论设计安装到支架上,但由于镜面系统面积巨大,难以安装理
论设计准确安装。特别是对于高聚光比的碟式和塔式来说,为达到高聚光比和高温集热的要求,聚光镜面的安装和调整有较高要求。以碟式斯特林系统为例,目前是各种太阳能热发电系统中效率最高的(31.25%的峰值记录)。其技术重点在于高聚光比的聚光器以及高效率的斯特林发动机。聚光系统提供必须提供高的聚光比的太阳能供给斯特林发动机的热头,且要保证能流密度分布尽可能均匀,以免烧坏斯特林发动机热头,引起事故,此外还要尽可能高的聚光比以减小集热损失。因此,聚光器镜面准确安装调整是碟式系统高效可靠运行的关键之一。目前大型的碟式聚光系统由于面积大,镜面面板不可能一次成型,需要由众多的小镜面板安装在碟式镜支架上,整体上拼成一个大的碟式镜面,每个小镜面板有调整机构,可以调整镜面安装位置。碟式聚光镜面积大,镜面片数量多,给镜面测量和调整带来了很大困难。同样对于槽式、线性菲涅尔式和塔式同样存在着镜面安装调整的困难。
目前主要的调整方法为太阳光底下的实时调整,凭借人工经验,调整镜面,使得镜面反射的太阳光聚焦光斑入射到接收器中,比较盲目和费时。此外还有条纹测量法,需要一个面积巨大的条纹屏幕,并且要将此条纹屏幕准确安装定位,另外还需要有摄影机对反射后的条纹进行收集和处理,该方法的难点在于需要对测量结果进行标定,目前处于研究中。还有常规的在制造过程中进行比较精密的安装定位,但不适合面积较大的聚光镜系统。
发明内容
针对太阳能热发电聚光系统由于镜面面型复杂,镜面数量众多造成测量、定位、调整等困难,提出了一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整装置及其方法。
一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整装置,包括镜面支架、镜面片、连接调整机构、标识点、摄影机、长度标定杆A、长度标定杆B和处理器,标识点贴在镜面片上,镜面片通过连接调整机构安装于镜面支架上,摄影机通过摄影机数据线连接到处理器上,长度标定杆A和长度标定杆B非平行放置。
所述的太阳能聚光器包括至少有一个聚光器镜面片,太阳能聚光器为碟式、槽式、线性菲涅尔式以及塔式聚光器。
所述的太阳能聚光器镜面片背面设置两个以上的连接调整机构。
所述装置还包括激光扫描仪,所述的激光扫描仪通过激光扫描仪数据线连接
到处理器上。
一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法包括步骤:
1)通过连接调整机构在太阳能聚光器的镜面支架上预先初步安装好聚光器镜面片1;
2)在需要测量和调整的每个聚光器镜面片上贴上3个以上的标识点;
3)在太阳能聚光器上放置互不平行的长度标定杆A和长度标定杆B;
4)利用摄影机从不同方向对标识点、长度标定杆A和长度标定杆B进行拍照,采集数据通过摄影机数据传输到处理器上计算出上每个标识点的相对位置,并利用长度标定杆A和长度标定杆B的实际长度进行标定,得到所有镜面上各个标识点的实际空间三维坐标;
5)通过刚体运动算法,根据标识点的三维坐标寻优算出每个镜面的实际安装位置,计算安装误差;
6)根据步骤5)中得到的安装误差,根据连接调整机构计算出需要调整的量,进而调整聚光器镜面片减小安装误差。
当聚光器的聚光比未达设计值时,在步骤6)之后重复步骤4)~步骤6),进一步减少镜面安装误差,直到聚光器的聚光比达到设计值为止。
所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法还包括步骤A),所述步骤A)为利用激光三维扫描仪,对单个镜面片进行扫描,测量单个镜面片的形状误差,并以误差概率模型进行表征。
所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法还包括步骤7),所述的步骤7)为根据测量得到的镜面片安装误差以及所述的单个镜面片的形状误差,对整个聚光系统聚光效果进行评估。
步骤2)~4)为摄影测量法原理,标识点为具有固定形状,能够被摄影机识别的靶点,实际操作为将标识点贴到反射镜上,保证每块镜面片有3个及以上的标识点,并且标识点可以随意分布在镜面片上,不需要在贴在镜面片上某个特定位置。摄影机从不同方向对标识点以及长度标定杆A和长度标定杆B进行拍摄,利用二维图片根据常规的摄影测量法原理即可算出每个标识点的相对位置,再根据长度标定杆得到标识点的绝对位置,因此通过上述步骤得到了离散的标识点的绝对三维坐标。
步骤5)为根据刚体运动算法计算安装误差,设X为理论安装误差为零时标识点坐标矩阵,R为余弦矩阵,ΔX为平移矩阵,X’为测量得到的标识点的三维坐标矩阵,因此当理论上安装误差为零时,满足如下方程:
XR+ΔX=X′
通过简单变换,可以得到,
X=(X′-ΔX)R-1
其中,R-1表示R的逆矩阵,设F为理论镜面形状函数表达式,可得,
F(X)=F((X′-ΔX)R-1)
由于镜面微小变形,加工误差和测量误差等,使得上式不能完全相等,因此通过优化算法查找出最小的R和ΔX值,使得理论设计值与测量结果计算值之间误差绝对值之和最小,如下式所示。
min(Σ|F(X)-F((X′-ΔX)R-1)|)
从上式求出的R和ΔX值即为安装偏差。步骤6)根据计算所得的余弦矩阵和平移矩阵的具体值,算出镜面片的安装调整机构的调整量,进而进行调整,减小镜面的安装误差。
通过上述方法得到了镜面片的整体安装误差。为了进一步测量并评价聚光系统,还增加激光扫描仪对单个镜面片进行扫描测量,得到单个镜面片的实际形状,并对镜面形状进行拟合,获得其形状误差的概率分布函数,并用瑞利概率分布函数表示,如下式所示,
上式中x为形状误差,σ为标准形状误差。
结合安装误差以及单个镜面片的形状误差,通过处理器模拟计算出聚光系统的聚光效果,进一步对整个聚光系统进行评估。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、针对大尺度、复杂曲面的聚光镜面片的三维定位问题提出了刚体运动矩阵算法,准确快速算出每个聚光镜面片的空间位置和安装误差,配合镜面调整机构可以减小镜面安装误差;
2、与在太阳下实时聚光调整方法相比较,具有调整精度高,节省时间等明
显有点,提高安全性,节省人力成本,提高效率,与条纹反射发比较,该方法操作相对简单,无需标定,即可得到准确的数据,而且是准确的三维数据,易于计算后面调整机构所需的调整量;
3、结合三维扫描对单个镜面片面型进行测量,计算出镜面的形状误差,可以对整个聚光系统的聚光效果进行准确的模拟评估,并且可以再次重复步骤4、步骤5和步骤6对镜面片再次测量和调整,进一步减小安装误差,提高聚光效果。
图1为由多块镜面片组成聚光系统示意图;
图2为镜面支架、镜面片和连接调整机构截面示意图
图3为贴在镜面上的标识点示意图;
图4为本发明的测量示意图;
图5为本发明增加扫描仪后的测量示意图;
图6为步骤流程示意图。
图中序号名称为:1、聚光器镜面片,2、标识点,3、激光扫描仪,4、激光扫描仪数据线,5、处理器,6、摄影机数据线,7、摄影机,8、长度标定杆A,9、长度标定杆B,10、连接调整机构,11、镜面支架
如图所示:一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法包括步骤:
1)通过连接调整机构10在太阳能聚光器的镜面支架11上预先初步安装好聚光器镜面片1;
2)在需要测量和调整的每个聚光器镜面片1上贴上3个以上的标识点2;
3)在太阳能聚光器上放置互不平行的长度标定杆A8和长度标定杆B9;
4)利用摄影机7从不同方向对标识点2、长度标定杆A8和长度标定杆B9进行拍照,采集数据通过摄影机数据6传输到处理器5上计算出上每个标识点2的相对位置,并利用长度标定杆A8和长度标定杆B9的实际长度进行标定,得到所有镜面上各个标识点2的实际空间三维坐标;
5)通过刚体运动算法,根据标识点的三维坐标寻优算出每个镜面的实际安装位置,计算安装误差;
6)根据步骤5)中得到的安装误差,根据连接调整机构10计算出需要调整的量,
进而调整聚光器镜面片1减小安装误差。
所述的太阳能聚光器包括至少有一个聚光器镜面片1,太阳能聚光器为碟式、槽式、线性菲涅尔式以及塔式聚光器。
所述的太阳能聚光器镜面片1背面设置两个以上的连接调整机构10。
当聚光器的聚光比未达设计值时,在步骤6)之后重复步骤4)-步骤6),进一步减少镜面安装误差,直到聚光器的聚光比达到设计值为止。
所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法还包括步骤A),所述步骤A)为利用激光三维扫描仪3,对单个镜面片1进行扫描,测量单个镜面片的形状误差,并以误差概率模型进行表征。
所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法还包括步骤7),所述的步骤7)为根据所测量得到的镜面片安装误差以及所述的单个镜面片的形状误差,对整个聚光系统聚光效果进行评估。
实施如权利要求1所述方法的太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整装置,包括镜面支架11、镜面片1、连接调整机构10、标识点2、摄影机7、长度标定杆A8、长度标定杆B9和处理器5,标识点2贴在镜面片1上,镜面片1通过连接调整机构10安装于镜面支架11上,摄影机7通过摄影机数据线6连接到处理器5上,长度标定杆A8和长度标定杆B9非平行放置。
所述装置还包括激光扫描仪3,所述的激光扫描仪3通过激光扫描仪数据线4连接到处理器5上。
将聚光器镜面片1通过连接调整机构10安装到镜面支架11上,如图2所示。如图1所示,当所有的聚光器镜面片1都安装到支架11上时,并在每个镜面片上贴上3个及以上标识点2,如图3所示。在聚光系统附近放上两根长度标定杆A和长度标定杆B,使得两根长度标定杆非平行放置,通过摄影机7从不同方向拍摄标识点和两根长度标定杆,数据通过摄影机数据线6传到处理器5中处理数据,得到标识点的实际三维坐标,如图4所示。
应用刚体运动的矩阵算法计算安装误差。设X为理论安装误差为零时标识点坐标矩阵,R为余弦矩阵,ΔX为平移矩阵,X’为测量得到的标识点的三维坐标矩阵,因此当理论上安装误差为零时,满足如下方程:
XR+ΔX=X′
通过简单变换,可以得到,
X=(X′-ΔX)R-1
其中,R-1表示R的逆矩阵,设F为理论镜面形状函数表达式,可得,
F(X)=F((X′-ΔX)R-1)
由于镜面微小变形,加工误差和测量误差等,使得上式不能完全相等,因此通过优化算法查找出最小的R和ΔX值,使得理论设计值与测量结果计算值之间误差绝对值之和最小,如下式所示。
min(Σ|F(X)-F((X′-ΔX)R-1)|)
从上式求出的R和ΔX值即为安装偏差。步骤6)根据计算所得的余弦矩阵和平移矩阵的具体值,算出镜面片的安装调整机构的调整量,进而进行调整,减小镜面的安装误差。
通过上述方法得到了镜面片的整体安装误差。为了进一步测量并评价聚光系统,还增加激光扫描仪对单个镜面片进行扫描测量,得到单个镜面片的实际形状,并对镜面形状进行拟合,获得其形状误差的概率分布函数,并用瑞利概率分布函数表示,如下式所示,
上式中x为形状误差,σ为标准形状误差。
结合安装误差以及单个镜面片的形状误差,通过处理器模拟计算出聚光系统的聚光效果,进一步对整个聚光系统进行评估,流程图如图6所示。
Claims (8)
- 一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法,其特征在于包括步骤:1)通过连接调整机构(10)在太阳能聚光器的镜面支架(11)上预先初步安装好聚光器镜面片(1);2)在需要测量和调整的每个聚光器镜面片(1)上贴上3个以上的标识点(2);3)在太阳能聚光器上放置互不平行的长度标定杆A(8)和长度标定杆B(9);4)利用摄影机(7)从不同方向对标识点(2)、长度标定杆A(8)和长度标定杆B(9)进行拍照,采集数据通过摄影机数据(6)传输到处理器(5)上计算出上每个标识点(2)的相对位置,并利用长度标定杆A(8)和长度标定杆B(9)的实际长度进行标定,得到所有镜面上各个标识点(2)的实际空间三维坐标;5)通过刚体运动算法,根据标识点的三维坐标寻优算出每个镜面的实际安装位置,计算安装偏差;6)根据步骤5)中得到的安装偏差,根据连接调整机构(10)计算出需要调整的量,进而调整聚光器镜面片(1)减小安装误差。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法,其特征在于所述的太阳能聚光器包括至少有一个聚光器镜面片(1),太阳能聚光器为碟式、槽式、线性菲涅尔式以及塔式聚光器。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法,其特征在于所述的太阳能聚光器镜面片(1)背面设置两个及以上的连接调整机构(10)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法,其特征在于实施所述步骤1)~步骤6)之后,聚光器的聚光比未达设计值时,在步骤6)之后重复实施步骤4)~步骤6),进一步减少镜面安装误差,直到聚光器的聚光比达到设计值为止。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法,其特征在于还包括步骤A),所述步骤A)为利用激光三维扫描仪(3),对单个聚光器镜面片(1)进行扫描,测量单个镜面片的形状误差,并以误差概率模型进行表征。
- 根据权利要求1和5所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法,其特征在于还包括步骤7),所述的步骤7)为根据所测量得到的镜面片安装误差以及所 述的单个镜面片的形状误差,对整个聚光系统聚光效果进行评估。
- 一种实施如权利要求1所述方法的太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整装置,其特征在于包括镜面支架(11)、镜面片(1)、连接调整机构(10)、标识点(2)、摄影机(7)、长度标定杆A(8)、长度标定杆B(9)和处理器(5),标识点(2)贴在镜面片(1)上,镜面片(1)通过连接调整机构(10)安装于镜面支架(11)上,摄影机(7)通过摄影机数据线(6)连接到处理器(5)上,长度标定杆A(8)和长度标定杆B(9)非平行放置。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整装置,其特征在于所述装置还包括激光扫描仪(3),所述的激光扫描仪(3)通过激光扫描仪数据线(4)连接到处理器(5)上。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410764727.7 | 2014-12-12 | ||
| CN201410764727.7A CN104457610A (zh) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | 一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016090776A1 true WO2016090776A1 (zh) | 2016-06-16 |
Family
ID=52904048
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2015/076108 Ceased WO2016090776A1 (zh) | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-08 | 一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104457610A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2016090776A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108572063A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-09-25 | 常州星宇车灯股份有限公司 | 一种车灯透镜太阳光聚焦点检测装置及其使用方法 |
| CN109460594A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-03-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种碟式三角元拼合抛物面薄膜聚光器聚光性能预测方法 |
| CN112685943A (zh) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-20 | 南阳理工学院 | 一种伞状柔性张拉膜聚光器聚光性能预测方法和系统 |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104457610A (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-25 | 浙江大学 | 一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置 |
| CN105157657A (zh) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-12-16 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | 一种反射镜面型检测系统及方法 |
| CN105068212B (zh) * | 2015-09-06 | 2017-04-05 | 湖南科技大学 | 太阳能集热聚光器反射镜面安装位姿指示装置及调整方法 |
| CN105651165A (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | 太阳能热发电槽式聚光器整体型面在线检测装置 |
| CN106643564B (zh) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-11-14 | 长春晟博光学技术开发有限公司 | 大尺寸曲面反射镜面形在线检测定位装置 |
| CN106918313B (zh) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-10-19 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种碟式Stirling太阳能聚光镜面质量检测方法 |
| CN110006632A (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-12 | 北京首航艾启威节能技术股份有限公司 | 一种单相机定日镜镜面面形质量检测系统及方法 |
| CN110006631A (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-12 | 北京首航艾启威节能技术股份有限公司 | 一种多相机定日镜镜面面形质量检测系统 |
| CN119807640B (zh) * | 2024-11-18 | 2026-04-24 | 东莞莱姆森科技建材有限公司 | 基于物联网的镜子装配效果评估系统及方法 |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1921983A (zh) * | 2004-02-24 | 2007-02-28 | 埃西勒国际(通用光学公司) | 在定中心和锁定设备中手动地为镜片定中心的方法以及相关联的定中心和锁定设备 |
| CN1921981A (zh) * | 2004-02-24 | 2007-02-28 | 埃西勒国际(通用光学公司) | 镜片定中心和锁定设备、相关联的手动定中心方法和自动检测方法 |
| JP2009109443A (ja) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-21 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | 取付姿勢測定装置 |
| CN101709964A (zh) * | 2009-12-04 | 2010-05-19 | 长江三峡勘测研究院有限公司(武汉) | 大型洞室仪测成像可视化地质编录方法 |
| CN102226691A (zh) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-10-26 | 北京大学 | 多平面镜反折射系统的平面镜夹角测量方法 |
| CN102298194A (zh) * | 2011-08-04 | 2011-12-28 | 深圳市联讯创新工场科技开发有限公司 | 一种定日镜校正设备及校正方法 |
| JP4905091B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-30 | 2012-03-28 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | ミラー取付構造 |
| CN102636478A (zh) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-08-15 | 江阴极光仪器科技有限公司 | 共焦拉曼光谱仪的连续可调激光衰减装置及连续可调方法 |
| CN102778899A (zh) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-11-14 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | 一种用于塔式太阳能热发电系统的镜场调度系统及方法 |
| CN103743547A (zh) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-23 | 青海中控太阳能发电有限公司 | 一种bcs板特征标识方法 |
| CN104457610A (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-25 | 浙江大学 | 一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000028332A (ja) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-01-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 3次元計測装置及び3次元計測方法 |
| JP2004167109A (ja) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-06-17 | Osaka Industrial Promotion Organization | 3次元計測方法、3次元計測システム、画像処理装置、及びコンピュータプログラム |
| CN104061859B (zh) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-09-14 | 华北水利水电大学 | 一种水利工程闸门高精度安装检测的数字近景工业摄影测量方法 |
| CN104101300B (zh) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-06-29 | 吉林大学 | 基于面结构光主动视觉的汽车车体三维重建的标定系统 |
| CN203981115U (zh) * | 2014-08-05 | 2014-12-03 | 吉林大学 | 基于面结构光主动视觉的汽车车体三维重建的标定系统 |
-
2014
- 2014-12-12 CN CN201410764727.7A patent/CN104457610A/zh active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-04-08 WO PCT/CN2015/076108 patent/WO2016090776A1/zh not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1921983A (zh) * | 2004-02-24 | 2007-02-28 | 埃西勒国际(通用光学公司) | 在定中心和锁定设备中手动地为镜片定中心的方法以及相关联的定中心和锁定设备 |
| CN1921981A (zh) * | 2004-02-24 | 2007-02-28 | 埃西勒国际(通用光学公司) | 镜片定中心和锁定设备、相关联的手动定中心方法和自动检测方法 |
| JP4905091B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-30 | 2012-03-28 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | ミラー取付構造 |
| JP2009109443A (ja) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-21 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | 取付姿勢測定装置 |
| CN101709964A (zh) * | 2009-12-04 | 2010-05-19 | 长江三峡勘测研究院有限公司(武汉) | 大型洞室仪测成像可视化地质编录方法 |
| CN102226691A (zh) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-10-26 | 北京大学 | 多平面镜反折射系统的平面镜夹角测量方法 |
| CN102298194A (zh) * | 2011-08-04 | 2011-12-28 | 深圳市联讯创新工场科技开发有限公司 | 一种定日镜校正设备及校正方法 |
| CN102636478A (zh) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-08-15 | 江阴极光仪器科技有限公司 | 共焦拉曼光谱仪的连续可调激光衰减装置及连续可调方法 |
| CN102778899A (zh) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-11-14 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | 一种用于塔式太阳能热发电系统的镜场调度系统及方法 |
| CN103743547A (zh) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-23 | 青海中控太阳能发电有限公司 | 一种bcs板特征标识方法 |
| CN104457610A (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-25 | 浙江大学 | 一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置 |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108572063A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-09-25 | 常州星宇车灯股份有限公司 | 一种车灯透镜太阳光聚焦点检测装置及其使用方法 |
| CN108572063B (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2023-12-22 | 常州星宇车灯股份有限公司 | 一种车灯透镜太阳光聚焦点检测装置及其使用方法 |
| CN109460594A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-03-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种碟式三角元拼合抛物面薄膜聚光器聚光性能预测方法 |
| CN112685943A (zh) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-20 | 南阳理工学院 | 一种伞状柔性张拉膜聚光器聚光性能预测方法和系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104457610A (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2016090776A1 (zh) | 一种太阳能聚光器镜面测量、调整方法及其装置 | |
| Balghouthi et al. | Optical and thermal evaluations of a medium temperature parabolic trough solar collector used in a cooling installation | |
| García-Cortés et al. | Estimating intercept factor of a parabolic solar trough collector with new supporting structure using off-the-shelf photogrammetric equipment | |
| CN108225552B (zh) | 塔式电站定日镜场聚光能流密度分布测量方法 | |
| CN105806253B (zh) | 一种定日镜面形的检测方法 | |
| CN109458951B (zh) | 一种定日镜面形现场检测系统及方法 | |
| CN105387999B (zh) | 一种测试槽式太阳能集热器光学效率的方法 | |
| CN102116604A (zh) | 利用图像分析技术的定日镜跟日误差的测量方法及装置 | |
| CN105973505B (zh) | 一种太阳能腔式吸热器开口处热流密度测定方法 | |
| CN102589849A (zh) | 一种太阳能积聚反射镜面快速性能测评装置及方法 | |
| El Ydrissi et al. | Techno-economic study of the impact of mirror slope errors on the overall optical and thermal efficiencies-case study: Solar parabolic trough concentrator evaluation under semi-arid climate | |
| CN101922999B (zh) | 一种室内光路测试系统 | |
| CN102445287B (zh) | 一种表面能流密度测量系统和方法 | |
| WO2013044849A1 (zh) | 太阳能发电站的定日镜校准系统及校准方法 | |
| Reddy et al. | In-situ prediction of focal flux distribution for concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system using inverse heat transfer technique for effective design of receiver | |
| CN105651165A (zh) | 太阳能热发电槽式聚光器整体型面在线检测装置 | |
| CN107230231B (zh) | 聚光镜面质量检测中相机与目标靶的位置标定方法 | |
| CN103076154B (zh) | 一种太阳能热发电之聚光集热系统的光学效率分析方法 | |
| CN103175846A (zh) | 太阳能热激励红外热波成像系统 | |
| Chen et al. | Experimental and comparison study on two solar dish systems with a high concentration ratio | |
| CN110647172B (zh) | 一种定日镜焦距检测及优化系统 | |
| CN108180864A (zh) | 一种基于反射成像法测量槽式太阳能聚热器面形的方法 | |
| CN205718845U (zh) | 一种多相机太阳能集热器钢结构支架组装质量检测系统 | |
| Li et al. | Experimental study on artificial vision measurement method of heat flux density in solar furnace | |
| CN109357664B (zh) | 一种碟式镜面三维结构实时监控的方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15867178 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 15867178 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |

