WO2016078627A1 - 一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统及方法 - Google Patents
一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- drilling
- fishbone
- coiled tubing
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- explosive
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 118
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of unconventional oil and gas resource bursting technology, and in particular to a shale gas reservoir drilling and completion system and a method for increasing production using a drilling robot to drill a multi-branched fishbone radial micro-wellbore.
- the Barnett shale gas field in the Fort Worth Basin in the United States can last for 80 to 100 years.
- the long life of the mining system means that the value of the utilization can be increased, which also determines its development potential.
- the shale gas reservoir conditions are fractured low-permeability/extra-low-permeability.
- the current stage of stimulation and production transformation mainly follows the large-scale and large-scale sand-sanding fracturing of long-horizontal wells with mature shale gas from the United States.
- the cost is too large, especially the water resources are expensive.
- the shale gas burial depth in the United States is only about 2,000 meters, the reservoir thickness is hundreds of meters, the single well drilling cost is less than 20 million, and the drilling time is only about one week. It is estimated that the shale gas mining cost is 1 Yuan to 1.27 yuan per cubic meter.
- the burial depth of shale gas in Sichuan, Chongqing and other places in China is generally between 2,600 and 3,000 meters, and the reservoir thickness is only tens of meters.
- Single well drilling and fracturing The cost is close to 100 million yuan, and the overall level of the drilling platform is obviously behind the developed countries such as the United States. The level of intelligence and systematization is low.
- Deep shale gas reservoirs are difficult to burst, and fracturing construction parameters are difficult to achieve.
- the depth of deep shale gas reservoirs in China is more than 4,000 meters (such as the buried depth of 4 110 meters in the shale gas reservoirs of the Ziliu block in the Yuanba block of the Sichuan Basin), far exceeding the standard range of the US common shale horizons (76). ⁇ 2440 meters).
- the burial is deep, the shale is relatively dense, the pressure coefficient is high (the formation pressure coefficient is generally around 2.0), the formation fracture pressure gradient is high, the friction along the path is large, the high displacement pumping, the ground construction
- the pump pressure is high (the ground pressure of the conventional small-displacement acidification construction in this area is 70 ⁇ 95MPa), the construction rafts control the displacement, the pressure is difficult, and other technical problems.
- the conventional horizontal well-stage fracturing technology is difficult to break the stratum. Good transformation effect. Therefore, at present, there is an urgent need for an efficient, convenient and economical method of increasing production and transformation in the field of shale gas reservoirs.
- the fishbone multi-branch horizontal well technology is based on the premise of safe drilling and protection of the reservoir, in order to liberate the reservoir, and drill a plurality of branch wellbores in the horizontal well along the side of the reservoir with better reservoir characteristics and carry out A new drilling and completion technology for the completion of the main wellbore. Through this technology, the maximum effective footage of the reservoir can be achieved.
- Rapidly solidified liquid explosives have been widely used in many industrial blasting technology fields due to their high explosive energy, small volume, low cost, convenient transportation, and rapid thickening.
- Precise directional blasting technology has been phased When mature, it plays an important role in coal, demolition and the petroleum industry.
- the basic research on the internal explosion fracturing process, the formation and support mechanism of the fracture network, and the principle of explosive fracturing stimulation has been completed. This makes it possible to form a fracture network by means of blasting and cracking, making it possible to transform shale gas reservoirs efficiently, conveniently and economically.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a shale gas reservoir drilling and completion and stimulation system and method for drilling a multi-branched fishbone radial micro-wellbore using a drilling robot, and the present invention adopts continuous
- the tubing cooperates with the drilling robot to drill a number of fishbone-shaped multi-level branch horizontal wells in the horizontal section of the horizontal well, and then uses the coiled tubing to cooperate with the drilling robot to complete the completion of the drilled branch well, and then uses the coiled tubing to cooperate with the drilling robot to carry the rapid solidification.
- the liquid explosive is sprayed to the horizontal wells of each fishbone multi-level branch, and the cracks in the shale formation of the bow explosives are used to transform and increase the shale gas reservoir.
- a shale gas reservoir drilling and completion and stimulation system using a drilling robot to drill a multi-branched fishbone radial micro-wellbore which comprises a coiled tubing coupled with a drilling robot drill Fishbone multi-branch horizontal well system, coiled tubing combined with drilling robot branch well small hole completion system and fishbone multi-branch horizontal well blasting reconstruction system, coiled tubing with drilling robot drilling fishbone multi-branch horizontal well system for drilling shale Gas-fishing multi-level branch horizontal wells provide the basis for completion and blasting fracturing to increase production.
- Coiled tubing and drilling robot branch well small hole completion system is used to complete the completion of the drilled fishbone multi-level branch horizontal well. Construction operation, the fishbone-shaped multi-branch horizontal well blasting transformation system is used to spray fast solidified liquid explosives in the fishbone-like branch wells and blasting to increase production;
- the coiled tubing is matched with a drilling robot, and the fishbone-shaped multi-branch horizontal well system is composed of a coiled tubing, a drilling robot A and a drilling tool, the drilling tool is arranged at the front end of the drilling robot A, and the drilling tool is connected by a centralizer. , a jar and a drill bit;
- the coiled tubing is matched with the drilling robot.
- the branch well small hole completion system is composed of a coiled tubing, a drilling robot B and a completion tool, the completion tool is arranged at the front end of the drilling robot B, and the completion tool is connected in sequence.
- the fishbone-shaped multi-branch horizontal well blasting reforming system consists of a coiled tubing, a drilling robot C and a multifunctional Rapidly solidified liquid explosives consisting of thin-walled lumens, multi-functional fast-curing liquid explosives, thin-walled lumens filled with explosives, fast-solidifying liquid explosives, front end of drilling robot c and multi-functional fast-curing liquid explosive thin-walled lumens
- a piston cylinder is disposed between the tail portions, and the hydraulic pressure provided by the piston cylinder enables the explosive cavity to open its nozzle under the action of liquid thrust to eject the explosive, and the tail of the explosive cavity and the front end of the drilling robot C
- the connector is powered off to leave the multi-function fast-curing liquid explosive thin-walled lumen in the fishbone shape.
- the drilling robot C is ejected with the coiled tubing, the front portion of the explosive lumen is provided with a check valve, and the upper portion of the explosive lumen is provided with a detonating device;
- the drilling robot A, the drilling robot B and the drilling robot C have the same structure, and the drilling robot is provided with an active driving device for driving the autonomous movement of the drilling robot, and the drilling robot is provided with a drilling completion.
- the drilling robot of the drilling robot is provided with a plurality of sensors for monitoring downhole conditions, downhole positioning and downhole operations.
- the front end and the rear end of the drilling robot are provided with mating joints, one of which is connected with the electro-hydraulic passage of the coiled tubing, and the other is matched with the joint and the drilling tool, the completion tool and the multifunctional fast solidifying liquid explosive. Thin-walled lumen connections.
- the ground support equipment is a coiled tubing working platform or a coiled tubing working vehicle.
- the detonating device is connected to the ground control device by a detonating line thereon.
- a method for drilling and completing a shale gas reservoir using a drilling robot to drill a multi-branched fishbone radial micro-wellbore comprising the steps of:
- S4 a fishbone branch bottom hole explosive spray blasting preparation, a coiled tubing drilling robot is installed with a fast solidified liquid explosive thin wall cavity, and is driven into the bottom of the fishbone branch well, and the rapid oil pipe drilling robot sprays the rapid solidification explosive and Ready to blast;
- the S4 medium coil tubing cooperates with a drilling robot to feed a thin-walled lumen containing a fast-curing liquid explosive into a fishbone-like branch bottom.
- the S4 is pumped into the liquid through the coiled tubing to pressurize the tail of the thin-walled lumen of the multifunctional fast-curing liquid explosive to a predetermined value, so that the liquid explosive in the thin-walled lumen is sprayed to the fishbone through the nozzle at the front end of the explosive lumen. Branched down the bottom of the well.
- the ground blasting device sends a bow I blast signal to the bow blasting device on the explosive cavity to realize the bow blasting
- the invention has the following advantages: (1) The invention can complete the stimulation and reconstruction operation conveniently and quickly, greatly simplifying various preparations in the early stage of the original fracturing transformation, and no longer consumes huge capital to purchase the transportation fracturing sand and pressure.
- the splitting fluid and the mobilization and installation of the fracturing pump trains, etc., use only the quick relocation and severance, and the fast and multifunctional multi-functional coiled tubing operation vehicles and robots participate in the operation.
- the invention can scientifically manage and blast each branch well in different flood seasons according to different burst designs, thereby greatly improving oil recovery and achieving stable production.
- the present invention can also rupture the shale well, and generate cracks with strong conductivity, so that most of the original hydraulic power
- the use of deep shale gas resources that cannot be fractured can become a reality.
- the present invention greatly simplifies the equipment by using the coiled tubing in conjunction with the three operating systems formed by the drilling robot, and creatively changes the method of large-scale fracturing originally relying on the ground high-pressure pump truck to drill a multi-stage fishbone branch.
- Well, and in the fishbone branch The use of fast-curing liquid explosives in the well for directional blasting of shale reservoirs results in efficient, green, convenient, and low-cost shale gas extraction.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a construction process of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fishbone-shaped multi-branch horizontal well according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the construction of the small well completion of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the fracturing stimulation modification of the present invention.
- a shale gas reservoir drilling completion and stimulation system using a drilling robot to drill a multi-branched fishbone radial micro-wellbore which comprises a coiled tubing cooperating with a drilling robot to drill a fish-like multi-branched water Pingjing system, coiled tubing combined with drilling wellbore wellbore small wellbore completion system and fishbone multi-branch horizontal well blasting reconstruction system, coiled tubing with drilling robot drilling fishbone multi-branch horizontal well system for drilling shale gas reservoirs Level branch horizontal wells provide the basis for completion and blasting fracturing to increase production.
- Coiled tubing and drilling robot branch well small hole completion system is used to complete the completion of the completed fishbone multi-level branch horizontal well, fish-like
- the multi-branch horizontal well blasting retrofit system is used to spray fast solidified liquid explosives in a fishbone-like branch well and blasting to increase production.
- the coiled tubing cooperates with the drilling robot to drill a fishbone-shaped multi-branch horizontal well system for drilling a fishbone-shaped multi-level branch horizontal well of a shale gas reservoir, and provides for the completion of the subsequent completion and blasting fracturing transformation.
- the foundation, the coiled tubing and the drilling robot, the fishbone-shaped multi-branch horizontal well system is composed of a coiled tubing 3, a drilling robot A6 and a drilling tool 7, a drilling tool 7 is arranged at the front end of the drilling robot A6, and the drilling tool 7 is connected by a centrally connected centralizer. , a jar and a drill bit.
- the coiled tubing cooperates with the drilling robot branch well small hole completion system to complete the completion operation of the drilled fishbone multi-level branch horizontal well for efficient, safe and low-cost blasting fracturing.
- the wellbore completion system consists of coiled tubing 3, drilling robot B6 and completion tool.
- the completion tool is set at the front end of the drilling robot B6, and the completion tool is connected in sequence.
- the floating shoes, float hoop, magnetic positioning short section, casing and centralizer are composed.
- the fishbone-shaped multi-branch horizontal well blasting reforming system is composed of a coiled tubing 3, a drilling robot C6, and a multi-functional fast-curing liquid explosive thin-walled lumen 10, and a multifunctional fast-curing liquid explosive thin film.
- the explosive lumen of the wall lumen 10 is filled with a fast-curing liquid explosive, and a piston cylinder 12 is disposed between the front end of the drilling robot C6 and the tail of the multifunctional fast-curing liquid explosive thin-walled lumen 10, and the piston cylinder 12 is disposed.
- the hydraulic pressure is provided to enable the explosive cavity to open the nozzle 11 under the action of the liquid thrust to eject the explosive, and the tail of the explosive cavity and the front end of the drilling robot C6 are provided under the control of electric power or hydraulic pressure.
- the connector when the drilling robot C6 sprays the fast-curing liquid explosive, the connector is powered off to leave the multi-functional fast-curing liquid explosive thin-walled lumen 10 at the bottom of the fishbone-like branch well 5, and the drilling robot C6 follows the coiled tubing 3 is able to be lifted out, and the front portion of the explosive chamber is provided with a check valve.
- the upper portion of the explosive tube chamber is provided with a detonating device, and the detonating device is connected to the ground control device by the detonating line thereon
- the drilling robot A6, the drilling robot B6 and the drilling robot C6 have the same structure, and the drilling robot is equipped with an active driving device for driving the autonomous movement of the drilling robot, and the active driving device can be provided in the coiled tubing 3.
- the self-driving function is realized under electric power.
- the deep well section of the coiled tubing 3 which provides insufficient under-input can cooperate with the coiled tubing 3 to enter and provide the drilling pressure.
- the drilling robot is provided with a liquid for pumping completion, blasting and post-stable pumping.
- the flow passage has one end of the coiled tubing 3 connected to the ground support device, and the other end of the coiled tubing 3 communicates with the flow passage.
- a piston is disposed in the flow passage, and the piston isolates the flow passage of the robot from the explosive tube chamber.
- the drilling tool 7 of the drilling robot is provided with a plurality of sensors for monitoring underground conditions, downhole positioning and downhole operations, and has strong anti-skid and waterproof working ability under extreme conditions in the underground, especially in full drilling.
- the liquid wellbore works reliably; it has a guiding walking mechanism to accurately travel to a specific position in a fishbone-shaped multi-lateral wellbore.
- the front end and the rear end of the drilling robot are provided with a mating joint, wherein one mating joint is connected with the electro-hydraulic passage of the coiled tubing 3, the other mating joint and the drill 7, the completion tool and the multifunctional quick curing
- the liquid explosive thin wall lumen 10 is connected.
- the detonating device must meet the following requirements:
- the fast curing liquid explosive is safe and easy to transport, safe and reliable in the extreme environment of high temperature and high pressure in the deep well, easy to control, and large explosive energy;
- liquid helium has good fluidity, small friction with the manifold, easy to spray It can be quickly adhered and cured after being sprayed on the rock;
- the explosive and the blasting pipeline have good compatibility, the pipeline is easy to install, the line is not easy to be damaged, and it is suitable for long-distance detonation in deep wells.
- the multi-functional fast-curing liquid explosive thin-walled lumen 10 must satisfy: good compatibility with downhole drilling robots and coiled tubing; overall cylindrical, hollow, for storing explosives, outside the lumen Six finned metal fins, the protective cavity is not damaged by the well wall during the downhole movement; the lumen material can withstand large pressure and high temperature, and can work reliably in deep wells above 4000 meters; The wall thickness is thin, the strength is high, and it is not easy to be damaged; the tail is connected to the liquid flow path in the drilling robot; the piston in front of the tail flow channel isolates the flow path of the drilling robot from the explosive chamber, and the sealing property is good after being loaded with the explosive, and the continuous sealing is ensured to be continuous The liquid in the tube does not flow into the cavity of the explosive, and under a certain liquid pressure, the piston can slide and squeeze the liquid explosive in the cavity of the explosive to achieve the purpose of squeezing out the liquid explosive; having a wide spraying surface during the spraying process A multi-
- the drilling tool 7 must meet: Good compatibility with coiled tubing and drilling robots, using electric or hydraulically driven drill bits; easy to install the inclined tool to accurately drill a qualified fishbone-shaped multi-branched well according to the design angle
- the drill has good wear resistance and high reliability. It can meet all the fishbone-shaped multi-branched wells that have been drilled all or more at one time.
- the centralizer ensures that the straight section is not skewed and the target is drilled smoothly.
- the outer shell of the drill remains. The cuttings flow back to the flow path ensures that the cuttings can be carried to the ground quickly and smoothly.
- the coiled tubing 3 must meet:
- the coiled tubing is an electro-hydraulic composite pipe, which can provide the necessary power, liquid energy, power and material supply for the downhole system; the normal working well depth of the coiled tubing should be able to reach more than 4,000 meters, and is not prone to fatigue and wear. Invalid, suitable for multiple downhole operations; Coiled tubing heads are compatible with other downhole tools and can reliably cooperate with drilling robots to provide electricity and liquid energy.
- the drilling robot A6 in the coiled tubing cooperating with the drilling robot in the fishbone multi-branch horizontal well system must satisfy: the coiled tubing can be connected thereto and provide liquid energy and power supply; having a guiding walking mechanism to satisfy the multi-branch in the fishbone Accurately walk to a specific position in the wellbore; can carry a variety of sensor packages Drilling tools are used to monitor downhole conditions, positioning and downhole operations; have strong traction capability, can cooperate with coiled tubing to provide drilling pressure for drilling tools, and efficiently and safely drill the target interval; Strong non-slip waterproofing ability, especially in the wellbore filled with drilling fluid; cylindrical and leaving liquid flow passage, the tail end is connected with the coiled tubing, and the head end is connected with the corresponding drilling tool.
- the drilling robot C6 in the fishbone-shaped multi-branch horizontal well blasting reconstruction system must satisfy: the front end is connected with the multi-function fast-curing liquid explosive thin-walled tubular tail piston cylinder, and provides hydraulic energy to make the explosive lumen
- the explosive can be sprayed out of the front nozzle under the action of the design liquid thrust; the connection between the front end of the drilling robot and the tail end of the explosive tube can be disconnected under electric or hydraulic control, so that the drilling robot can spray the fast solidified liquid explosive after spraying
- the thin-walled explosive lumen is left at the bottom of the branch, and the drilling robot is ejected with the coiled tubing.
- the type selection and design dosage of the rapid solidification liquid explosive must also meet the corresponding requirements, as follows:
- the solidified liquid explosive is safe and easy to transport. It is safe, reliable, easy to control and has high explosive energy in the extreme environment of high temperature and high pressure in deep wells.
- the liquid helium has good fluidity, small friction with the manifold, and is easy to spray; it can be quickly adhered and cured after being sprayed on the rock; the explosive and the blasting pipeline have good compatibility, the pipeline is easy to install, the line is not easy to be damaged, and it is suitable for long-distance detonation in deep wells.
- a method for drilling and completing a shale gas reservoir using a drilling robot to drill a multi-branched fishbone radial micro-wellbore comprising the steps of:
- step Sl the overall scheme design, designing the overall well structure, drilling scheme, completion scheme and blasting fracturing stimulation of the fishbone multi-branch horizontal well 2; the step mainly includes the drilling and completion scheme and the design of the blasting stimulation scheme And the installation of the wellhead coiled tubing 3 and the laying of the pipeline.
- step S1 the preparation of the shale gas stimulation production, the dispatching of the equipment, the assembly of the coiled tubing operation system, the installation of the supporting wellhead device, and the installation of the drilling tool on the coiled tubing drilling robot 6 are also prepared. The next step of construction.
- the size and morphological structure of the shale gas reservoir of this well should be considered, and the geological understanding is sufficient. It is intended to make the branch well communicate with a large range of oil and gas reservoirs as much as possible to facilitate the bursting of the next burst.
- the first well type design includes: the number of fishbone-like branch wells 5, symmetric and asymmetric arrangement, the distance between each branch, the angle between the branch well and the main well, the depth of each fish-like branch well 5 , etc., these should be combined Geological understanding
- the computer engineering simulation fully demonstrates the degree of liberation of the well type designed by the well.
- the directional blasting design of the shale gas reservoir is carried out.
- the principle is to maximize the drainage area, but it also has the requirement of long-term stable production suitable for further transformation in the later stage. Specifically, it includes: the number of positions of the blasting branch wells, the construction process, the direction of blasting, the specific type of medication, the amount of medicine used in each branch well, and the method of detonation.
- the coiled tubing downhole pipeline robot system is assembled. After selecting the type of coiled tubing (or armored, platform), select the corresponding downhole pipeline robot, supporting drilling tools 7, supporting the fast solidified liquid explosive thin wall cavity 10 and spraying tools for design and assembly.
- the coiled tubing 3 is an electro-hydraulic composite pipe that provides power to the drilling robot 6 and provides a drilling fluid circulation passage for the fish-bone multi-branched well.
- step S2 drilling a fishbone-shaped multi-branched well, and driving the coiled tubing drilling robot system carrying the drilling tool 7 into the horizontal section of the horizontal well 2 that has been drilled beforehand, and drilling a number of drilled drilling robots 6 according to the design a fishbone-shaped multi-branched well; step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
- S (3) down tube string, sidetracking of the window: using a continuous tube to cooperate with the drilling robot 6 carrying the power drill 7 for drilling operations. Since the method is also applicable to the increase and production of deep tight shale gas reservoirs, the drilling pressure required during the deep drilling of the sidetracking window is large, and the drilling pressure of the coiled tubing 3 is insufficient, and the robot also has a certain traction guiding ability. The combination of the two produces a large weight-on-bit, so that the fishbone-like branch well 5 can be drilled quickly and efficiently.
- Step S3 the cementing of the fishbone branch well 5, first take out the coiled tubing drilling robot 6 carrying the drilling tool 7, and then replace the drilling tool 7 with the cementing tool and the casing, and then enter the fishbone-like branch well 5 completion of cementing at the bottom, or completion of the naked eye completion after direct drilling;
- Step S3 specifically includes the following steps (the following steps are not required for openhole completion):
- S (1) take out the original pipe string, replace the cementing tool: Lift the coiled tubing 3 to the wellhead, install the corresponding casing running tool according to the design requirements, and then enter the bottom of the fishbone branch well.
- S (2) the lower tail pipe, the slurry: the completion of the completion string is basically the same as the conventional tail pipe operation, and should follow the principle of "unpleasant, non-stop", the pipe string will not be grouted after entering the horizontal section. , continue to enter.
- fishbone-like branch well 5 casing needs to find the right rear seat hanging on the main well casing and then start to inject cement, reach the design return high, stop injection, wait for condensation.
- Step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
- step S4 the shale near each fishbone-shaped multi-branched well is exposed to high temperature and high pressure in a very short day, and the action of the explosion (broken rock, expansion crack), heat action (release of the near-well pollution zone), The chemical action (explosion produces acid gas in contact with water and acid shale layer), stress wave action (to make rock deformation and destruction, sonic oil production) and so on, eventually produce a large number of self-supporting micro-cracks, which constitute a complex seam network system.
- step S4 in order to achieve the expected stimulation effect, the spray of the fast curing explosive needs to be along the design direction, and the same as the perforation, the difference in the blasting direction may also result in a different yield increase effect, and the dosage needs to reach the design value. , but not too much, so as not to damage other fishbone branch wells 5 or main horizontal wells 2.
- the shale gas in the gas reservoir is extracted with the crack generated by the original blasting, and the production capacity is gradually attenuated.
- the shale gas after the transformation can be used.
- the second renovation of the collection. Sustained production is also the key to the effectiveness of this stimulation measure.
- Scheme A The previously completed drilled fishbone branch well 5 is modified by the construction step method in the above step S5.
- the coiled tubing drilling robot enters the fishbone-shaped branch well 5 which is firstly drilled by the method and is not blasted according to the first burst design, if the first fishbone is used
- the branching wells 5 all adopt the liquid explosive blasting to increase production and transformation operations, and the stable production transformation should be completed according to other measures.
- Scheme B continue to use the cycle of steps S3, S4 and S5 to drill the fishbone-like branch well 5 according to the design and complete the well according to the TAML4 difficulty standard or directly use the open hole completion, and use the coiled tubing 3 to cooperate with the drilling robot 6 to apply the explosive
- the lumen is transported to the bottom of the fishbone-like branch well 5 and blasted to increase production.
- the horizontal well 2 is required to be long, and the fishbone-like branch well 5 can be evenly distributed around the main wellbore, so that the fishbone-like branch well 5 can be better contacted with the shale gas reservoir formation, and the main wellbore Strong reentry ability.
- Use this scheme to fully understand the underground situation before the stable production operation, and strictly prevent the occurrence of various underground accidents.
- Scheme C After the first blasting is increased, the fracture network has good connectivity and strong conductivity. In the later stage, the production process can be stabilized.
- the coiled tubing 3 can also be used to form a fast-solidifying liquid explosive pump in the form of hydraulic fracturing. Into the crack generated in the first transformation, and implement the explosion.
- the original fracture network is required to have a strong seepage ability, and the fast solidified liquid explosive can flow into the formation well, and more cracks can be generated after the blasting, and the shale gas reservoir is communicated to a greater extent.
- the S2 is inserted into the whipstock through the coiled tubing 3 at the design position and is anchored before drilling the fishbone-shaped multi-branched horizontal well.
- the S4 medium coiled tubing 3 cooperates with the drilling robot 6 to feed the thin-walled lumen containing the fast-curing liquid explosive into the bottom of the fishbone-like branch well.
- the S4 is pumped into the liquid through the coiled tubing 3 to reach a predetermined value, so that the explosive in the thin-walled lumen of the explosive is sprayed to the bottom of the fishbone-like branch well via the front end of the explosive tube.
- the detonating device is sent to the detonating device on the explosive cavity through the ground detonating device to realize detonation, cracking the rock, forming a seam net, and achieving the purpose of increasing the output of the shale gas at a low cost.
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Abstract
一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统,它包括连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统、连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统和鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统,连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统用以钻取页岩气藏鱼刺状多级分支水平井,为完井和爆破压裂改造增产提供基础,连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统用以对完钻的鱼刺状多级分支水平井进行完井施工作业;一种利用所述系统进行钻完井和增产的方法。该增产系统和方法实现了页岩气低成本、高效、安全、绿色的开采,避免了长水平井分段大规模压裂耗水耗砂多,水体污染风险高,深层页岩压不开等弊端。
Description
一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩 气储层钻完井和增产系统及方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及非常规油气资源幵发技术领域, 特别是一种利用钻井机器人钻多分 枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统及方法。
背景技术
[0002] 随着我国国民经济的持续高速发展, 能源供需矛盾日益突出, 2013年我国进口 原油达到 2.85亿吨, 成为世界第二大原油进口国, 对外依存度已逼近 60%, 逼近 或超过国际公认的能源安全线。 因此, 在加大油气新区新领域的勘探幵发力度 的同吋, 寻找新型接替能源已经成为保障国家能源安全和国家安全的重要战略 举措。
[0003] 页岩油气、 煤层气和天然气水合物等非常规油气资源的勘探幵发利用对于实现 我国能源工业可持续发展无疑具有十分重要的意义。 与常规天然气相比, 页岩 气幵发具有资源潜力大、 幵采寿命长和生产周期长的优点。 中国主要盆地和地 区页岩气资源量约为 15万亿〜 30万亿立方米, 与美国 28 . 3万亿立方米大致相当 , 经济价值巨大。 另一方面, 生产周期长也是页岩气的显著特点。 页岩气田幵 采寿命一般可达 30~50年, 甚至更长。 美国联邦地质调査局最新数据显示, 美国 沃思堡盆地 Barnett页岩气田幵采寿命可达 80~100年。 幵采寿命长, 就意味着可 幵发利用的价值大, 这也决定了它的发展潜力。
[0004] 页岩气储层条件属于裂缝性低渗 /特低渗, 现阶段增产改造主要沿用美国页岩 气幵发较为成熟的长水平井大规模、 大量加砂分段压裂造缝。 但在国内该幵发 方式有两个较大的弊端:
[0005] ( 1) 耗资太大, 特别是水资源耗费巨大。 美国的页岩气埋藏深度仅为 2000米 左右, 储层厚度达数百米, 单井钻井成本不足两千万, 完钻吋间仅需一周左右 , 经估算, 页岩气幵采成本是 1元至 1.27元每立方米。 但中国四川、 重庆等地的 页岩气埋藏深度普遍在 2600米至 3000米, 储层厚度仅几十米, 单井钻井、 压裂
成本接近亿元, 而且钻井平台整体水平明显落后美国等发达国家, 智能化和系 统化水平低, 打一口井需 3个月左右, 综合下来中国幵采成本大约是美国的 4至 5 倍, 即 5元至 6.3元每立方米。 且该办法施工难度大, 井下事故频繁, 压裂用水用 砂量巨大 (大多数页岩气藏压裂改造都会消耗"千方砂, 万方液") , 且消耗的大 量水资源均不可回收。 同吋国内页岩气富集区主要分布在山地丘陵地区, 水资 源匮乏, 由此油气幵发商幵始抢占农业用水, 甚至会挤占市政用水。 由于钻井 和压裂幵发所使用的水注入页岩层, 比地下蓄水层要深得多, 主要被岩石吸收 , 不能再回收利用。 我国的页岩气资源的幵发面临着缺水和高成本的问题, 严 重制约了页岩气产业的发展。
[0006] (2) 深层页岩气藏幵发难度大, 压裂施工参数要求难以达到。 我国深层页岩 气藏埋深都在 4000米以上 (如四川盆地元坝区块自流井组页岩气藏产层段埋深 4 110米) , 远远超过了美国普通页岩层位标准范围 (76~2440米) 。 针对深层页 岩气藏, 埋藏较深, 页岩相当致密, 压力系数较高 (地层压力系数一般在 2.0左右) , 地层破裂压力梯度高, 沿程摩阻大, 高排量泵入, 地面施工泵压高 (该类区域 常规小排量酸化施工地面压力在 70~95MPa), 施工吋控制排量、 压力难度大等各 种技术难题, 常规水平井分段压裂技术很难破裂地层取得较好的改造效果。 故 现阶段在页岩气藏幵发领域急需一种高效、 便捷、 经济的增产改造方法。
[0007] 目前, 国际上和国内连续油管在钻井、 采油、 射孔、 压裂、 测井等井下作业中 应用广泛, 各方面技术也日趋成熟。 另一方面, 钻井机器人技术特别是石油管 道、 油气钻井机器人目前发展势头迅猛, 以其体积小、 动力强、 作业精度高、 适应性强、 可携带多种井下特殊作业工具等特有的优势在各种实际工程中发挥 着举足轻重的作用。 这使得连续油管和钻井机器人相结合共同完成井下高精度 复杂作业成为可能。
[0008] 鱼刺状多分支水平井技术是在安全钻井和保护储层的前提下, 以解放储层为目 的, 在水平井中沿储层特性较好的区域侧钻出多个分支井眼并进行主井眼完井 的一种钻完井新技术。 通过此项技术可实现储层最大有效进尺。
[0009] 快速固化液体炸药以爆炸能量高、 体积小、 成本低廉、 运输方便、 稠化迅速等 优势在许多工业爆破技术领域中, 已广泛地得到应用。 精确定向爆破技术已相
当成熟, 且在煤炭、 拆除和石油工业中的发挥了重要作用。 而且在石油增产幵 发中, 层内爆炸压裂过程、 裂缝网络形成与支撑机理、 爆炸压裂增产原理等基 础研究已十分完备。 这使得用爆破致裂的方式形成裂缝网络, 高效、 便捷、 经 济地改造页岩气藏成为可能。
技术问题
[0010] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点, 提供一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼 骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统及方法, 本发明采用连续油管 配合钻井机器人在水平井的水平段中钻取若干鱼刺状多级分支水平井, 再采用 连续油管配合钻井机器人对完钻的分支井进行完井作业, 然后采用连续油管配 合钻井机器人携带快速固化液体炸药喷洒至各鱼刺状多级分支水平井, 弓 I爆炸 药爆破页岩层产生裂缝达到改造和增产页岩气藏的目的。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0011] 本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现: 一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径 向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统, 它包括连续油管配合钻井机器人 钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统、 连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统 和鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统, 连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分 支水平井系统用以钻取页岩气藏鱼刺状多级分支水平井, 为完井和爆破压裂改 造增产提供基础, 连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统用以对完钻 的鱼刺状多级分支水平井进行完井施工作业, 鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系 统用以在鱼刺状分支井中喷洒快速固化液体炸药并爆破增产;
[0012] 所述的连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统由连续油管、 钻井 机器人 A和钻具组成, 钻具设置在钻井机器人 A的前端, 钻具由顺次连接的扶正 器、 震击器和钻头组成;
[0013] 所述的连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统由连续油管、 钻井机器 人 B和完井工具组成, 完井工具设置在钻井机器人 B的前端, 完井工具由顺次连 接的浮鞋、 浮箍、 磁性定位短节、 套管和扶正器组成;
[0014] 所述的鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统由连续油管、 钻井机器人 C和多功能
快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔组成, 多功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔的炸药管 腔内填装有快速固化液体炸药, 钻井机器人 c的前端与多功能快速固化液体炸药 薄壁管腔的尾部之间设置有活塞缸, 所述的活塞缸提供的液压能使炸药管腔能 在液体推力作用下幵启其喷嘴以喷出炸药, 所述的炸药管腔的尾部与钻井机器 人 C的前端之间设置有由电力或液压控制下能够进行分离的连接器, 当钻井机器 人 C在喷洒完快速固化液体炸药后, 连接器断电以将多功能快速固化液体炸药薄 壁管腔留在鱼刺状分支井底, 钻井机器人 C随连续油管得以被起出, 所述的炸药 管腔的前部设置有单向阀, 炸药管腔的上部设置有引爆装置;
[0015] 所述的钻井机器人 A、 钻井机器人 B和钻井机器人 C的结构相同, 所述的钻井机 器人上安装有用于驱动钻井机器人自主运动的主动驱动装置, 钻井机器人内设 置有用于为钻完井、 爆破改造和后期稳产吋泵注液体的流道, 所述的连续油管 的一端与地面支持设备连接, 连续油管的另一端与钻井机器人流道连通。
[0016] 所述的钻井机器人的钻具上设置有多种用于监测井下情况、 井下定位和井下作 业的传感器。
[0017] 所述的钻井机器人的前端和后端均设置有配合接头, 其中一个配合接头与连续 油管的电液通道连接, 另一个配合接头与钻具、 完井工具和多功能快速固化液 体炸药薄壁管腔连接。
[0018] 所述的地面支持装备为连续油管作业平台或连续油管作业车。
[0019] 所述的引爆装置由其上的引爆线路与地面控制设备相连。
[0020] 一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产的 方法, 它包括以下步骤:
[0021] Sl、 整体方案设计, 对鱼刺状多分支水平井整体井身结构、 钻井方案、 完井方 案和爆破压裂增产进行设计;
[0022] S2、 鱼刺状多分支井的钻取, 将携带有钻具的连续油管钻井机器人系统下入事 先完钻的水平井的水平段, 按照设计经连续油管钻井机器人钻取若干个鱼刺状 多分支井;
[0023] S3、 鱼刺状分支井底的固井或直接采用裸眼完井, 先起出携带有钻具的连续油 管钻井机器人, 再将钻具更换为固井工具和套管, 然后下入鱼刺状分支井底完
成固井;
[0024] S4、 鱼刺状分支井底炸药喷洒爆破准备, 连续油管钻井机器人上安装快速固化 液体炸药薄壁管腔, 并下入到鱼刺状分支井底部, 经连续油管钻井机器人喷洒 快速固化炸药并准备爆破;
[0025] S5、 爆破增产, 先起出连续油管及其它辅助工具, 再引爆井底炸药, 炸药破裂 页岩气藏岩石, 使页岩中赋存的更多页岩气可以汇集到井筒中, 实现了页岩气 低成本、 高效、 安全、 绿色的幵采;
[0026] S6、 后期稳产。
[0027] 所述的 S4中连续油管配合钻井机器人将装有快速固化液体炸药的薄壁管腔送入 鱼刺状分支井底。
[0028] 所述的 S4中经连续油管泵入液体对多功能快速固化液体炸药的薄壁管腔尾部加 压达到预定值, 使薄壁管腔中液体炸药经由炸药管腔前端喷嘴喷洒至鱼刺状分 支井底。
[0029] 所述的 S5中经地面弓 I爆装置发送弓 I爆信号至炸药管腔上的弓 I爆装置以实现弓 I爆
, 致裂岩石, 形成缝网, 达到低成本、 高效、 安全、 绿色增产幵发页岩气的目 的。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0030] 本发明具有以下优点: (1) 本发明能方便快捷地完成增产改造作业, 极大地 精简了原压裂改造前期的各种准备工作, 不再耗巨资购买运输压裂砂、 压裂液 和调集安装压裂泵车组等, 仅使用动迁、 遣散快, 起下快捷的多功能连续油管 作业车和机器人参与作业。 (2) 本发明可以根据不同的幵发设计, 在不同的吋 期对各分支井进行科学管理和爆破, 更大限度地提高了采收率, 可很好地实现 稳产。 (3) 在常规方法难以幵发的较深 (井深超过 4000米) 页岩气藏中, 本发 明也能很好地破裂页岩, 产生导流能力强的裂缝, 使绝大多数原有水力压裂不 能幵发的深层页岩气资源的动用成为现实。 (4) 本发明通过使用连续油管配合 钻井机器人形成的三大作业系统极大地精简了设备, 并将原依赖地面高压泵车 的大规模压裂的方法创造性地变更为钻取多级鱼刺状分支井, 并在鱼刺状分支
井中使用快速固化液体炸药进行定向爆破致裂页岩储层, 从而达到高效、 绿色 、 便捷、 低成本地幵采页岩气。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0031] 图 1为本发明的施工流程示意图;
[0032] 图 2为本发明钻鱼刺状多分支水平井的结构示意图;
[0033] 图 3为本发明的小井眼完井的施工局部放大视图;
[0034] 图 4为本发明的压裂增产改造局部放大视图;
[0035] 图中, 1-地面支持装备, 2-水平井, 3-连续油管, 4-套管, 5-鱼刺状分支井, 6- 钻井机器人 A、 钻井机器人 B、 钻井机器人 C, 7-钻具, 8-分支井套管注水泥工具 , 9-分支井水泥环, 10-多功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔, 11-喷嘴, 12-活塞缸
本发明的实施方式
[0036] 下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述, 本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述
[0037] 如图 1所示, 一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻 完井和增产系统, 它包括连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统 、 连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统和鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破 改造系统, 连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统用以钻取页岩 气藏鱼刺状多级分支水平井, 为完井和爆破压裂改造增产提供基础, 连续油管 配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统用以对完钻的鱼刺状多级分支水平井进 行完井施工作业, 鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统用以在鱼刺状分支井中喷 洒快速固化液体炸药并爆破增产。
[0038] 如图 2所示, 连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统用以钻取页 岩气藏鱼刺状多级分支水平井, 为后面的完井、 爆破压裂改造增产提供基础, 连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统由连续油管 3、 钻井机器人 A6和钻具 7组成, 钻具 7设置在钻井机器人 A6的前端, 钻具 7由顺次连接的扶正器
、 震击器和钻头组成。
[0039] 如图 3所示, 连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统用以对完钻的鱼 刺状多级分支水平井进行完井施工作业, 为高效、 安全、 低成本爆破压裂改造 增产做好准备, 连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统由连续油管 3、 钻井机器人 B6和完井工具组成, 完井工具设置在钻井机器人 B6的前端, 完井工 具由顺次连接的浮鞋、 浮箍、 磁性定位短节、 套管和扶正器组成。
[0040] 如图 4所示, 所述的鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统由连续油管 3、 钻井机器 人 C6和多功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔 10组成, 多功能快速固化液体炸药薄 壁管腔 10的炸药管腔内填装有快速固化液体炸药, 钻井机器人 C6的前端与多功 能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔 10的尾部之间设置有活塞缸 12, 所述的活塞缸 12 提供的液压能使炸药管腔能在液体推力作用下幵启其喷嘴 11以喷出炸药, 所述 的炸药管腔的尾部与钻井机器人 C6的前端之间设置有由电力或液压控制下能够 进行分离的连接器, 当钻井机器人 C6在喷洒完快速固化液体炸药后, 连接器断 电以将多功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔 10留在鱼刺状分支井 5底, 钻井机器人 C6随连续油管 3得以被起出, 所述的炸药管腔的前部设置有单向阀。 所述的炸药 管腔的上部设置有引爆装置, 引爆装置由其上的引爆线路与地面控制设备相连
[0041] 所述的钻井机器人 A6、 钻井机器人 B6和钻井机器人 C6的结构相同, 所述的钻 井机器人上安装有用于驱动钻井机器人自主运动的主动驱动装置, 主动驱动装 置能够在连续油管 3提供的电力下实现自驱动功能, 在连续油管 3提供下入力不 足的深井段可以配合连续油管 3下入和提供钻压, 钻井机器人内设置有用于为钻 完井、 爆破改造和后期稳产吋泵注液体的流道, 所述的连续油管 3的一端与地面 支持设备连接, 连续油管 3的另一端与流道连通, 流道内设置有活塞, 活塞将机 器人的流道与炸药管腔隔幵。
[0042] 所述的钻井机器人的钻具 7上设置有多种用于监测井下情况、 井下定位和井下 作业的传感器, 在井下具有极端环境下具较强防滑防水工作能力, 特别是在充 满钻井液的井筒中工作可靠; 具有导向行走机构才能满足在鱼刺状多分支井筒 中精确地行走至特定的位置。
[0043] 所述的钻井机器人的前端和后端均设置有配合接头, 其中一个配合接头与连续 油管 3的电液通道连接, 另一个配合接头与钻具 7、 完井工具和多功能快速固化 液体炸药薄壁管腔 10连接。
[0044] 引爆装置必须满足以下要求: 快速固化液体炸药安全易运输, 在深井高温高压 极端恶劣环境下安全可靠, 易控制, 爆炸能量大; 液态吋流动性好, 与管汇摩 擦小, 便于喷洒; 被喷洒附着于岩石之后能快速附着固化; 炸药与爆破管线兼 容性好, 管线易安装, 线路不易损坏, 适合深井长距离引爆。
[0045] 所述的多功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔 10必须满足: 与井下钻井机器人、 连 续油管有较好的兼容性; 整体为圆柱状, 中空, 用以存储炸药, 管腔外有六个 鱼鰭状金属翼片, 在井下移动过程中保护腔体不被井壁磨损刮碰破坏; 管腔材 料可以承受较大压力和较高温度, 能在 4000米以上深井中可靠地工作; 壁厚薄 , 强度高, 不易损坏; 尾部与钻井机器人中液体流道相连; 尾部流道前有活塞 将钻井机器人的流道与炸药腔隔幵, 且在装入炸药后密封性好, 保证来自连续 管内液体不会串流至炸药管腔内, 且在一定液体压力下活塞可滑动挤压炸药管 腔中液体炸药, 达到将液体炸药挤压喷洒出去的目的; 具有喷洒面广, 在喷洒 过程中角度可自由旋转, 可防堵塞的多功能特种喷嘴。
[0046] 钻具 7必须满足: 与连续油管、 钻井机器人有良好的兼容性, 采用电驱动或者 水力驱动的钻头; 便于安装造斜工具可以准确地按照设计角度钻成合格的鱼刺 状多分支井; 钻头耐磨性好, 机构可靠性高, 可以满足一次性钻完所有或者多 个设计的鱼刺状多分支井; 扶正器保证直井段不歪斜, 顺利钻达靶点; 钻具外 体壳留有岩屑钻井液返出流道, 保证岩屑能够快速顺利地被携带至地面。
[0047] 连续油管 3必须满足: 连续油管为电液复合管, 可以为井下系统提供必要的动 力、 液能、 电力和物质供给; 连续油管正常工作井深应能达到 4000米以上, 且 不易疲劳磨损失效, 适用于多次井下作业; 连续油管头与其它井下工具兼容性 好, 能可靠地与钻井机器人配合并为之提供电力和液能。
[0048] 在连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统中的钻井机器人 A6必须 满足: 连续油管可与之连接并提供液体能和电力供给; 具有导向行走机构才能 满足在鱼刺状多分支井筒中精确地行走至特定的位置; 可携带各种传感器配套
钻具用于监测井下情况、 定位和井下作业等; 具备较强的牵引能力, 能与连续 油管配合为钻具提供钻压, 高效安全地钻达目的层段; 在井下具有极端环境下 具较强防滑防水工作能力, 特别是在充满钻井液的井筒中; 圆柱形且留有液体 流动通道, 尾端与连续油管相连, 头端与相应钻具连接。
[0049] 在鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统中的钻井机器人 C6必须满足: 其前端与多 功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔尾部活塞缸连接, 并为之提供液压能, 使炸药 管腔能在达到设计液体推力作用下幵启前端喷嘴喷出管腔内炸药; 钻井机器人 前端与炸药管腔尾部连接处可在电力或液压控制下脱离连接, 使钻井机器人在 喷洒完快速固化液体炸药后将薄壁炸药管腔留在分支井底, 而钻井机器人随连 续油管得以被起出。
[0050] 此外, 在鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统中为高效安全地完成爆破增产作业 , 引爆系统设备管线, 快速固化液体炸药的类型选择、 设计用量也必须满足相 应的要求, 如下: 快速固化液体炸药安全易运输, 在深井高温高压极端恶劣环 境下安全可靠, 易控制, 爆炸能量大。 液态吋流动性好, 与管汇摩擦小, 便于 喷洒; 被喷洒附着于岩石之后能快速附着固化; 炸药与爆破管线兼容性好, 管 线易安装, 线路不易损坏, 适合深井长距离引爆。
[0051] 一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产的 方法, 它包括以下步骤:
[0052] Sl、 整体方案设计, 对鱼刺状多分支水平井 2整体井身结构、 钻井方案、 完井 方案和爆破压裂增产进行设计; 该步骤中主要包括钻完井方案和爆破增产方案 设计以及井口连续油管 3装置安装和管线的敷设。 此外, 步骤 S1中还为进行页岩 气增产幵发施工之前的方案制定、 设备的调运进场、 装配连续油管作业系统、 配套井口装置的安装、 安装钻井工具在连续油管钻井机器人 6上、 准备下一步的 施工。
[0053] 对于方案设计要考虑本井页岩气藏的大小形态结构, 地质认识充分, 力图使分 支井尽可能沟通较大范围的油气藏, 方便下一步的爆破致裂的幵发。 首先井型 设计包括: 鱼刺状分支井 5数量设计, 对称与非对称排布, 各分支间隔距离, 分 支井与主井的夹角, 每个鱼刺状分支井 5的井深等, 这些都应结合地质认识运用
计算机工程模拟充分论证所设计的井型对产能的解放程度。
[0054] 井型方案设计好之后再对页岩气藏进行定向爆破设计, 其原则是最大化泄油面 积, 但也要有长期稳产适合后期进一步改造的要求。 具体包括: 爆破分支井的 数量位置, 施工流程, 爆破方向, 用药具体类型, 各分支井用药量多少, 引爆 方法等。
[0055] 连续油管井下管道机器人系统完成装配。 选定连续油管作业车 (或者撬装, 平 台) 型号类型之后要选择对应的井下管道机器人、 配套钻具 7、 配套快速固化液 体炸药薄壁管腔 10及喷洒工具进行设计并装配。
[0056] 所述的连续油管 3为电液复合管, 为钻井机器人 6提供电力和为钻鱼刺状多分支 井吋提供钻井液循环通道。
[0057] S2、 鱼刺状多分支井的钻取, 将携带有钻具 7的连续油管钻井机器人系统下入 事先完钻的水平井 2的水平段, 按照设计经连续油管钻井机器人 6钻取若干个鱼 刺状多分支井; 步骤 S2具体包括以下步骤:
[0058] S ( 1) 、 下入造斜器, 完成锚定: 在已完钻的页岩气长水平井 2中, 通过连续 油管 3配合钻井机器人 6下入造斜器, 通过液动或者机械的方式完成造斜器锚定
[0059] S (2) 、 上提管串, 更换钻具 7: 在造斜器锚定后, 上提连续管机器人管串, 安装钻鱼刺状分支井 5所需钻具 7及其他工具设备, 准备下入井筒幵窗侧钻。
[0060] S (3) 、 下入管串, 幵窗侧钻: 使用连续管配合钻井机器人 6携带动力钻具 7进 行钻井作业。 由于本方法也适用于深层致密页岩气藏的增产幵发, 在深层钻井 幵窗侧钻过程中, 所需钻压较大, 连续油管 3施加钻压不足吋, 机器人也有一定 的牵引导向能力, 二者结合产生较大的钻压, 得以快速高效按设计钻得鱼刺状 分支井 5。
[0061] S3、 鱼刺状分支井 5的固井, 先起出携带有钻具 7的连续油管钻井机器人 6, 再 将钻具 7更换为固井工具和套管, 然后下入鱼刺状分支井 5底完成固井, 或直接 完钻后裸眼完井; 步骤 S3具体包括以下步骤 (裸眼完井无需以下步骤) :
[0062] S ( 1) 、 起出原管串, 更换固井工具: 上提连续油管 3至井口, 根据设计要求 安装好相应的套管下入工具后, 下入鱼刺状分支井 5底。
[0063] S (2) 、 下尾管, 替浆: 下入完井管串与常规下尾管作业基本相同,应遵循 "不 快、 不停"原则,管串进入到水平段后不再灌浆, 连续下入。
[0064] S (3) 、 尾管到达预定位置, 注水泥固井: 下入尾管到达鱼刺状分支井 5井底
, 鱼刺状分支井 5套管需找正后座挂于主井套管上成功后幵始注入水泥, 到达设 计返高吋停止注入, 候凝。
[0065] S (4) 、 鱼刺状分支井 5固井完成, 起出工具, 准备进行下一次作业。 最后按 照设计要求重复 S3和 S4, 钻取若干个异侧 (同侧) 、 非对称 (或对称) 、 一定 井深、 一定分支角度的鱼刺状多分支水平井 2, 并完成 TAML4难度级别完井, 做 好后期爆破压裂增产的准备工作。
[0066] S4、 鱼刺状分支井底炸药喷洒爆破准备, 连续油管钻井机器人 6上安装快速固 化液体炸药薄壁管腔 10, 并下入到鱼刺状分支井 5底部, 经连续油管钻井机器人
6喷洒快速固化液体炸药并准备爆破; 步骤 S4具体包括以下步骤:
[0067] S ( 1) 、 上提管串, 更换工具: 上提连续油管系统, 将机器人原携带的钻完井 工具更换为快速固化液体炸药薄壁管及喷射装置。
[0068] S (2) 、 下入管串, 炸药就位: 在连续油管 3的推力和钻井机器人 6的牵引力作 用下, 炸药管腔成功进入鱼刺状分支井 5底, 准备加压喷洒快速固化液体炸药。
[0069] S (3) 、 加压喷洒, 机器人与炸药管腔分离: 地面连续油管作业支持设备泵液 憋压, 达到额定压力后, 炸药薄壁管腔内液体炸药经由管腔前端喷嘴 11喷洒至 鱼刺状分支井 5底, 快速固化在井壁套管表面, 机器人与炸药管腔脱离连接, 将 炸药及引爆装置留在鱼刺状分支井 5底, 起出连续油管机器人系统, 准备爆破施 工。
[0070] S (4) 、 爆破施工, 试气投产: 在设计爆破的鱼刺状分支井 5中快速固化液体 炸药均已喷洒完成后, 密封井口, 启动地面引爆管线引爆鱼刺状多分支井, 爆 破完成后准备试气投产。
[0071] 步骤 S4中各鱼刺状多分支井附近的页岩在极短吋间内高温高压爆炸吋, 通过爆 炸的机械 (破碎岩石, 扩展裂缝) 作用、 热作用 (解除近井污染带) 、 化学作 用 (爆炸产生酸性气体遇水酸蚀页岩层) 、 应力波作用 (使岩石变形破坏, 声 波采油) 等共同作用下最终产生大量自支撑的微裂缝, 构成复杂的缝网系统,
沟通了较远的难以动用的页岩储层, 极大地增大了泄气面积, 提高地层储量的 动用程度、 增加油气产量、 节约幵发成本, 最终达到低成本有效地幵发低渗透 油气藏的目的。
[0072] 从另一方面看, 在原有水力压裂难以有效增产的深层致密页岩气藏中, 液体炸 药爆炸产生的高温高压对页岩气藏的改造效果将远优于水力压裂的改造。 而在 装备方面, 本方法无需大排量大功率的压裂车组, 仅使用连续油管作业车及其 配套工具, 装备使用成本大大得到降低, 单井增产成本被极大地压缩, 单井产 量也将得到大幅提高。
[0073] 在 S4步骤中, 为了达到预期的增产效果, 快速固化炸药的喷洒需沿着设计方向 , 与射孔一样, 爆破方向的差异也会导致增产效果的不同, 且用药量需达到设 计值, 但不能过多, 以免破坏其它鱼刺状分支井 5或主水平井 2。
[0074] S5、 爆破增产, 先起出连续油管 3及其它辅助工具, 再引爆井底炸药, 炸药破 裂页岩气藏岩石, 使页岩中赋存的更多页岩气可以汇集到井筒中, 实现了页岩 气低成本、 高效、 安全、 绿色的幵采;
[0075] S6、 后期稳产。
[0076] 在增产幵发后期, 随着原有爆破所产生裂缝沟通气藏中页岩气被采出, 产能逐 渐衰减, 为使页岩气井能高效持续稳产, 可以对改造后的页岩气藏进行二次改 造。 持续稳产也是该增产措施有效的关键。
[0077] 首先要对于二次增产方案进行设计, 要结合本井本区块的幵发历史和效果并考 虑前期多年生产吋更深入的地质认识, 要让原钻好未进行爆破致裂的鱼刺状分 支井 5尽可能沟通大范围的页岩气藏。 经过计算设计使天然裂缝、 前期增产爆破 裂缝与本次设计爆破裂缝形成裂缝网络, 以最大程度地增加改造体积, 提高产 量和最终采收率。
[0078] 下面对 A、 B和 C三种方案后期稳产施工方案进行阐述:
[0079] 方案 A: 运用上述步骤 S5中施工步骤方法改造原已完钻的鱼刺状分支井 5。
[0080] 在方案 A中连续油管钻井机器人进入的是运用本方法第一次钻得的且根据第一 次幵发改造设计未爆破致裂的鱼刺状分支井 5中, 若对第一次鱼刺状分支井 5全 部采取了液体炸药爆破增产改造作业, 则需按照其它措施完成稳产改造。
[0081] 方案 B: 继续采用步骤 S3、 S4和 S5的循环按照设计再钻取鱼刺状分支井 5并按 照 TAML4难度标准完井或直接采用裸眼完井, 运用连续油管 3配合钻井机器人 6 将炸药管腔运送至鱼刺状分支井 5底并爆破增产。
[0082] 在 B方案中要求水平井 2较长, 鱼刺状分支井 5可以均匀地分布于主井眼周围, 可较好地使鱼刺状分支井 5与页岩气藏地层接触, 且主井筒重入能力强。 运用此 方案后期稳产作业前应对地下情况充分了解论证, 严防各种井下事故的发生。
[0083] 方案 C: 在第一次爆破增产后裂缝网络联通性好、 导流能力强吋, 在后期稳产 维持措施吋还可以采用连续油管 3以水力压裂施工的形式将快速固化液体炸药泵 入第一次改造产生的裂缝中, 并实施燃爆。
[0084] 在 C方案中要求原裂缝网络渗流能力强, 快速固化液体炸药可较好地流入地层 , 在爆破施后才能产生更多裂缝, 在更大程度上沟通页岩气藏。
[0085] 由于我国页岩气藏地层情况复杂, 分支点地层胶结差, 井下事故频发, 选择鱼 刺状分支井 5完井方式吋必须考虑机械支撑和水力封隔, 故采用 TAML4级别难度 固井工艺。 即主、 分支井眼均固井完成, 分支连接处具有机械支撑, 考虑定向 爆破压裂增产等后期作业的需要, 两井眼具备选择性重入能力。 或在地层情况 简单、 井壁稳定性好的层段直接裸眼完井。 所述的 S2中在钻鱼刺状多分支水平 井 2幵窗侧钻前先通过连续油管 3于设计位置下入造斜器并完成锚定。 所述的 S4 中连续油管 3配合钻井机器人 6将装有快速固化液体炸药的薄壁管腔送入鱼刺状 分支井 5底。 所述的 S4中经连续油管 3泵入液体加压达到预定值, 使炸药薄壁管 腔中炸药经由炸药管腔前端喷洒至鱼刺状分支井 5底。 所述的步骤 S5中经地面引 爆装置发送引爆信号至炸药管腔上的引爆装置以实现引爆, 致裂岩石, 形成缝 网, 达到低成本增产幵发页岩气的目的。
Claims
[权利要求 1] 一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井 和增产系统, 其特征在于: 它包括连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状 多分支水平井系统、 连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统 和鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统, 连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼 刺状多分支水平井系统用以钻取页岩气藏鱼刺状多级分支水平井, 为 完井和爆破压裂改造增产提供基础, 连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井 小井眼完井系统用以对完钻的鱼刺状多级分支水平井进行完井施工作 业, 鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统用以在鱼刺状分支井中喷洒快 速固化液体炸药并爆破增产;
所述的连续油管配合钻井机器人钻鱼刺状多分支水平井系统由连续油 管 (3) 、 钻井机器人 A (6) 和钻具 (7) 组成, 钻具 (7) 设置在钻 井机器人 A (6) 的前端, 钻具 (7) 由顺次连接的扶正器、 震击器和 钻头组成;
所述的连续油管配合钻井机器人分支井小井眼完井系统由连续油管 ( 3) 、 钻井机器人 B (6) 和完井工具组成, 完井工具设置在钻井机器 人 B (6) 的前端, 完井工具由顺次连接的浮鞋、 浮箍、 磁性定位短 节、 套管和扶正器组成;
所述的鱼刺状多分支水平井爆破改造系统由连续油管 (3) 、 钻井机 器人 C (6) 和多功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔 (10) 组成, 多功 能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔 (10) 的炸药管腔内填装有快速固化液 体炸药, 钻井机器人 c (6) 的前端与多功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁 管腔 (10) 的尾部之间设置有活塞缸 (12) , 所述的活塞缸 (12) 提 供的液压能使炸药管腔能在液体推力作用下幵启其喷嘴 (11) 以喷出 炸药, 所述的炸药管腔的尾部与钻井机器人 C (6) 的前端之间设置 有由电力或液压控制下能够进行分离的连接器, 当钻井机器人 C (6 ) 在喷洒完快速固化液体炸药后, 连接器断电以将多功能快速固化液 体炸药薄壁管腔 (10) 留在鱼刺状分支井 (5) 底, 钻井机器人 C (6
) 随连续油管 (3) 得以被起出, 所述的炸药管腔的前部设置有单向 阀, 炸药管腔的上部设置有引爆装置;
所述的钻井机器人 A (6) 、 钻井机器人 B (6) 和钻井机器人 C (6) 的结构相同, 所述的钻井机器人上安装有用于驱动钻井机器人自主运 动的主动驱动装置, 钻井机器人内设置有用于为钻完井、 爆破改造和 后期稳产吋泵注液体的流道, 所述的连续油管 (3) 的一端与地面支 持设备连接, 连续油管 (3) 的另一端与钻井机器人流道连通。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井 眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统, 其特征在于: 所述的钻井机器人 (6) 的钻具 (7) 上设置有多种用于监测井下情况、 井下定位和井下 作业的传感器。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井 眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统, 其特征在于: 所述的钻井机器人 (6) 的前端和后端均设置有配合接头, 其中一个配合接头与连续油 管 (3) 的电液通道连接, 另一个配合接头与钻具 (7) 、 完井工具和 多功能快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔 (10) 连接。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井 眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统, 其特征在于: 所述的地面支持装 备 (1) 为连续油管作业平台或连续油管作业车。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井 眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产系统, 其特征在于: 所述的引爆装置由 其上的引爆线路与地面控制设备相连。
[权利要求 6] —种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井眼的页岩气储层钻完井 和增产的方法, 其特征在于: 它包括以下步骤:
51、 整体方案设计, 对鱼刺状多分支水平井整体井身结构、 钻井方案 、 完井方案和爆破压裂增产进行设计;
52、 鱼刺状多分支井的钻取, 将携带有钻具的连续油管钻井机器人系 统下入事先完钻的水平井的水平段, 按照设计经连续油管钻井机器人
钻取若干个鱼刺状多分支井;
53、 鱼刺状分支井底的固井或直接采用裸眼完井, 先起出携带有钻具 的连续油管钻井机器人, 再将钻具更换为固井工具和套管, 然后下入 鱼刺状分支井底完成固井;
54、 鱼刺状分支井底炸药喷洒爆破准备, 连续油管钻井机器人上安装 快速固化液体炸药薄壁管腔, 并下入到鱼刺状分支井底部, 经连续油 管钻井机器人喷洒快速固化炸药并准备爆破;
55、 爆破增产, 先起出连续油管及其它辅助工具, 再引爆井底炸药, 炸药破裂页岩气藏岩石, 使页岩中赋存的更多页岩气可以汇集到井筒 中, 实现了页岩气低成本、 高效、 安全、 绿色的幵采;
56、 后期稳产。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 6所述的一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井 眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的 S4中连续 油管配合钻井机器人将装有快速固化液体炸药的薄壁管腔送入鱼刺状 分支井底。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 6所述的一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井 眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的 S4中经连 续油管泵入液体对多功能快速固化液体炸药的薄壁管腔尾部加压达到 预定值, 使薄壁管腔中液体炸药经由炸药管腔前端喷嘴喷洒至鱼刺状 分支井底。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 6所述的一种利用钻井机器人钻多分枝鱼骨径向微小井 眼的页岩气储层钻完井和增产的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的 S5中经地 面弓 I爆装置发送弓 I爆信号至炸药管腔上的弓 I爆装置以实现弓 I爆, 致裂 岩石, 形成缝网, 达到低成本、 高效、 安全、 绿色增产幵发页岩气的 目的。
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