WO2016074571A1 - 一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子及其应用 - Google Patents

一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016074571A1
WO2016074571A1 PCT/CN2015/093552 CN2015093552W WO2016074571A1 WO 2016074571 A1 WO2016074571 A1 WO 2016074571A1 CN 2015093552 W CN2015093552 W CN 2015093552W WO 2016074571 A1 WO2016074571 A1 WO 2016074571A1
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Prior art keywords
grid
black box
module
control circuit
power generation
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PCT/CN2015/093552
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐子军
张树闻
金丽勇
管从胜
沈晓鹏
梁文祥
张维佳
刘洪亮
徐天锡
焦波
陶静
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Shandong Zhengrui Electronics Co Ltd
Zibo Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
Shandong Zhengrui Electronics Co Ltd
Zibo Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2016074571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016074571A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box and its application, and belongs to the field of new energy technology of the power industry.
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation adopts the complicated wiring method of two electric energy meters plus small circuit breakers to realize grid connection.
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation grid connection mode has the following disadvantages: 1) The installation and location of the grid connection device is difficult, and the installation workload is large.
  • the present invention provides a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box with flexible installation location, fast and convenient access, safe and reliable, maintenance-free, independent and intelligent.
  • the invention also provides a working method for the above-mentioned distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box.
  • a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box includes a casing and a control circuit board disposed in the casing, wherein the control circuit board includes a CPU central control circuit module, a liquid crystal display circuit respectively connected to the CPU central control circuit module, and a wireless Communication module, smart lock module, satellite positioning module, power circuit module, multi-channel current and voltage sampling circuit module, split control circuit module, circuit breaker with shunt trip, grid access terminal, user access terminal and distributed Power generation grid connection terminal;
  • the power circuit module respectively supplies power to the CPU central control circuit module and the split control circuit module;
  • the multi-channel current-voltage sampling circuit module is connected to the grid access terminal through a bidirectional leakage protector, and the grid access end is an interface between the smart black box and the power grid;
  • the split control circuit module is connected to the user access end, the user access end is an electrical interface between the smart black box and the user, and the split control circuit module passes through a circuit breaker with a shunt trip
  • the distributed generation grid-connected end is connected, and the distributed generation grid-connected end is a photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting end, that is, an interface between the smart black box and the distributed solar power inverter device end;
  • the tripped circuit breakers are controlled by the CPU central control circuit module and the two-way leakage protector.
  • the grid access terminal, the user access terminal and the distributed generation grid-connecting terminal are each provided with a self-locking access cable plug.
  • the wireless communication module is a 3G communication module, a 4G communication module or an RS485 communication interface.
  • the smart lock module is a permission opening circuit, including a fingerprint lock, an RFID radio frequency communication card or a password lock.
  • the satellite positioning module is a Beidou positioning system or a GPS positioning system.
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected smart black box further includes an intelligent maintenance module, and the intelligent maintenance module is a maintenance APP of the smart terminal application, and the function is to run on the remote intelligent terminal, and the user passes the 3G communication.
  • the network or 4G communication network implements remote maintenance of the smart black box.
  • the outer casing is a metal outer casing.
  • the metal casing is a fully cast aluminum casing, a stainless steel casing or a carbon steel casing coated with a fluorine coating.
  • a working method for the above-mentioned distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box includes the following steps:
  • the connection is connected to the distributed solar power inverter device;
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box according to the present invention integrates power generation grid connection with user power wiring, and has high controllability.
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box of the present invention adopts an anti-interference and anti-pollution outer casing, and is free from external natural conditions and human factors such as rain, ice, snow, dust and corrosive gas to ensure the operation of its internal control circuit board. Safe and reliable.
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box has low daily maintenance workload and low maintenance cost, and is almost maintenance-free.
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box has strong independence and high intelligence, and can fully meet the development needs of the smart grid.
  • the invention also has a two-way leakage protection function.
  • the circuit breaker is connected to the power grid by a circuit breaker with two-way leakage protection, and the protection circuit is composed of a shunt-connected grid-connected circuit breaker and a two-way leakage protection circuit breaker.
  • a small circuit breaker connected to the two-way leakage protection function after the grid is connected, and simultaneously controls the small grid-connected short-circuiter, and simultaneously acts as a two-way protection through the shunt trip.
  • the present invention connects a small circuit breaker with a two-way leakage protection function after the power grid is connected, and simultaneously controls a small grid-connected short circuit device.
  • the data converted by current and voltage sampling enters the CPU control circuit module, and after recording, various telemetry records are recorded and sent, and then the overcurrent and undervoltage protection is realized by the CPU control circuit module through the split control circuit module.
  • control the grid-connected circuit breaker to trip.
  • the two-way leakage protector is used. Because the electronic leakage protection circuit breaker is unidirectional protection, the unidirectional electronic leakage protection short circuit device fails in the case of power generation and grid connection, and cannot function as leakage protection.
  • the adoption of the two-way leakage protector solves the problem of leakage protection under special circumstances of on-grid power generation.
  • the grid-connected circuit breaker uses a circuit breaker with a shunt trip. When a leakage condition is detected, the grid and the power generation grid are disconnected to provide a safety protection function.
  • the access terminal uses a self-locking terminal block for easy installation on site. Data remote transmission and remote control are realized by 3G communication or 4G communication.
  • the ordinary intelligent terminal is used as the maintenance handheld device, and the operation and maintenance software APP is installed on the intelligent terminal, so that the maintenance work of the operation and maintenance personnel can be realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of a module principle of a control circuit board in a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display circuit in the liquid crystal display circuit in the circuit schematic diagram of the control circuit board in the smart black box of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the multi-channel current-voltage sampling circuit module in the circuit schematic diagram of the control circuit board in the smart black box of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a control circuit board of a control circuit board in a smart black box according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a control circuit board in a smart black box according to the present invention, wherein the wireless communication module is an RS485 communication interface;
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the switching control circuit module in a circuit schematic diagram of a control circuit board in the smart black box of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit schematic diagram of a power circuit module in the smart black box of the invention.
  • a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box includes a casing and a control circuit board disposed in the casing, wherein the control circuit board includes a CPU central control circuit module, a liquid crystal display circuit respectively connected to the CPU central control circuit module, and a wireless Communication module, smart lock module, satellite positioning module, power circuit module, multi-channel current and voltage sampling circuit module, split control circuit module, circuit breaker with shunt trip, grid access terminal, user access terminal and distributed Power generation grid connection terminal;
  • the power circuit module respectively supplies power to the CPU central control circuit module and the split control circuit module;
  • the multi-channel current-voltage sampling circuit module is connected to the grid access terminal through a bidirectional leakage protector, and the grid access end is an interface between the smart black box and the power grid;
  • the split control circuit module is connected to the user access end, the user access end is an electrical interface between the smart black box and the user, and the split control circuit module passes through a circuit breaker with a shunt trip
  • the distributed generation grid-connected end is connected, and the distributed generation grid-connected end is a photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting end, that is, an interface between the smart black box and the distributed solar power inverter device end;
  • the tripped circuit breakers are controlled by the CPU central control circuit module and the two-way leakage protector.
  • the wireless communication module is an RS485 communication interface.
  • the smart lock module is a permission opening circuit, including a fingerprint lock, an RFID radio frequency communication card or a password lock.
  • the satellite positioning module is a Beidou positioning system or a GPS positioning system.
  • the multi-channel current-voltage sampling circuit module includes a multi-channel current transformer sampling circuit and a voltage sampling circuit, and a high-precision energy metering chip and a peripheral circuit thereof, wherein the sampling computing chip ADE7758, the current sampling circuit includes a current Transformer and voltage conversion circuit (R31, R32, etc.), the voltage signal after conversion is sent to the sampling chip through filtering (filter circuit composed of R3, R4, C19, C20, etc.). The voltage signal is voltage converted and filtered and sent to the sampling chip U3.
  • the sampling computing chip ADE7758 the current sampling circuit includes a current Transformer and voltage conversion circuit (R31, R32, etc.), the voltage signal after conversion is sent to the sampling chip through filtering (filter circuit composed of R3, R4, C19, C20, etc.).
  • filter circuit composed of R3, R4, C19, C20, etc.
  • U3 After A/D conversion, U3 sends data to the CPU through SCI (including ADE_SCLK, ADE_DIN, ADE_CS, and ADE_DOUT lines).
  • SCI including ADE_SCLK, ADE_DIN, ADE_CS, and ADE_DOUT lines).
  • IRQ is the interrupt signal line.
  • U3 sends a low level to the CPU through IRQ.
  • APCF and VARCF are pulse outputs for energy metering.
  • the calculation chip performs AD conversion and calculation on the current signal and the voltage signal to obtain data suitable for communication, and sends the data to the CPU control circuit module, and the CPU control circuit module converts the data to obtain the actual voltage.
  • the current, power and electric energy values the CPU central control circuit module sends the voltage, current, power and electric energy values to the remote control center and the intelligent terminal maintenance APP through the wireless communication module, so as to realize the operation of the smart black box. Remote monitoring.
  • the CPU central control circuit module also realizes the control trip function and realizes the protection function by implementing the over-current over-voltage and the under-voltage under the condition of the opening and closing control of the relay and the protection control of the circuit breaker connected to the circuit by the switching control circuit. As shown in FIG. 6, the operating state of the distributed solar power generation device is monitored by the split control circuit module.
  • the CPU central control circuit module includes a power-on reset circuit, a real-time clock and clock oscillation circuit, a liquid crystal drive circuit, and a communication circuit.
  • the power-on reset circuit uses a microprocessor reset chip that monitors the supply voltage of the microcontroller and other logic systems. It provides a reset signal to the microcontroller during power-up and power-down. When the supply voltage is lower than the preset threshold voltage, the device will issue a reset signal until the supply voltage returns to above the threshold voltage for a period of time.
  • the real-time clock circuit uses a high-performance clock chip to achieve accurate date and time functions (U1 is a high-precision clock chip, and the crystal oscillator of J5 is 32.768kHZ provides clock for U1).
  • the clock oscillating circuit uses a high-speed crystal oscillator to provide a high-speed clock to the CPU, of which J4 is 32.768kHZ and J6 is 16MHZ.
  • the liquid crystal driving circuit realizes a data display function, including five lines of DIS_CS, DIS_SCK, DIS_RST, DIS_I/O, and DIL_BL, and is connected to the liquid crystal through J12.
  • the communication circuit realizes communication with the host computer, and realizes functions such as parameter setting, data uploading, and remote control.
  • the circuit diagram of the split control circuit module includes optocoupler isolation and a relay.
  • the opening and closing of the relays (J9 and J10) enables various protections and remote controls.
  • the detection of the operating state of the distributed solar power generation device is achieved by detecting the detection of the auxiliary node of the circuit breaker (ie, the state of 5 and 6 of J9).
  • the power circuit module shown in FIG. Includes module power supplies, as well as peripheral EMC circuits.
  • F1 is 220V2A self-recovery fuse
  • R25 is varistor
  • C35 is filter capacitor
  • D1 is 5.1V voltage regulator
  • C7, C8, L1 are filter circuits.
  • the smart terminal maintenance APP can be run on a smart phone installed with Google Android and Apple IOS system. After the authority authentication, the device can be located on the electronic map of the mobile phone, and the device is maintained online. You can query the positive active power, reverse active power, real-time voltage, current, protection status, various parameters and history records of the device, set the address of the device, modify the device setting password, and perform the calibration of the device.
  • Management software software is installed in the remote control center. Monitor and maintain all devices through 3G network or 4G network, and record various operating data of the device. The positive active power, reverse active power, real-time voltage, current and protection status of the acquisition device are displayed, and the timed record data is stored in the database. The operator with authority can remotely control the device to close and open.
  • a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected smart black box as described in Embodiment 1 is characterized in that the outer casing is a metal casing.
  • a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected smart black box as described in Embodiment 1 is characterized in that the metal casing is a fully cast aluminum casing, a stainless steel casing or a carbon steel casing coated with a fluorine coating.
  • the invention adopts a metal shell with full cast aluminum, stainless steel, ordinary carbon steel coated fluorine paint, etc., and has waterproof, moistureproof, anticorrosive and anticorrosive functions.
  • a working method for a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box as described in Embodiments 1-3 includes the following steps:
  • the connection is connected to the distributed solar power inverter device;
  • a distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected smart black box as described in Embodiment 1 is that the wireless communication module is a 3G communication module or a 4G communication module.
  • the distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected intelligent black box further includes an intelligent maintenance module, which is a maintenance APP for the intelligent terminal application, and functions as a remote intelligent terminal, and the user implements through a 3G communication network or a 4G communication network. Remote maintenance of the smart black box.
  • an intelligent maintenance module which is a maintenance APP for the intelligent terminal application, and functions as a remote intelligent terminal, and the user implements through a 3G communication network or a 4G communication network. Remote maintenance of the smart black box.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，包括外壳、在外壳内设置有控制电路板，控制电路板包括CPU中控电路模块、分别与CPU中控电路模块相连的液晶显示电路、无线通信模块、智能锁模块、卫星定位模块、电源电路模块、多路电流电压采样电路模块、分合控制电路模块、带分励脱扣的断路器、电网接入端、用户接入端和分布式发电并网接入端。分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子的优点在于：将发电并网与用户用电接线集成为一体，可控程度高；并网接入装置安装选址灵活，安装方便、工作量小和工作效率高；不受外界自然条件和人为因素干扰，运行安全可靠；日常维护工作量小和维护费用低；独立性强和智能化程度高，完全可以满足智能电网的发展需求。

Description

一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子及其应用，属于电力工业新能源技术领域。
背景技术
随着光伏发电技术的快速发展，分布式光伏发电并网量越来越大，并网接入装置成为制约电网安全的难题之一。分布光伏发电采用两块电能表加小型断路器的复杂接线方式实现并网，该分布光伏发电并网接入方式存在如下不足：1)并网接入装置安装选址困难，安装工作量大、工作强度高和工作效率低；2)运行过程中，极易受雨水、冰雪、粉尘和腐蚀性气体等外界自然条件和人为因素干扰，运行过程中安全隐患大；3)并网接入接线复杂和接入周期长；4)日常维护工作量大和维护费用高；5)采用2块电能表计量，分别计量的是用电量和发电量，而上网电量计量的是两块表的差值，是间接反映上网电量。总之，现有分布光伏发电并网接入装置不能满足快速和大量接入的智能电网的技术要求。未见独立和高智能化光伏分布式发电并网智能黑匣子装置的应用报道。目前，未见光伏分布式发电并网智能黑匣子装置的应用报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种安装选址灵活、接入快速方便、安全可靠、免维护、独立性强和智能化程度高的分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子。
本发明还提供一种上述分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子的工作方法。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，包括外壳、在外壳内设置有控制电路板，所述的控制电路板包括CPU中控电路模块、分别与CPU中控电路模块相连的液晶显示电路、无线通信模块、智能锁模块、卫星定位模块、电源电路模块、多路电流电压采样电路模块、分合控制电路模块、带分励脱扣的断路器、电网接入端、用户接入端和分布式发电并网接入端；
所述电源电路模块分别为CPU中控电路模块与分合控制电路模块供电；
所述多路电流电压采样电路模块通过双向漏电保护器与所述的电网接入端相连，所述电网接入端为所述智能黑匣子与电网的接口；
所述分合控制电路模块与所述用户接入端相连，所述用户接入端为所述智能黑匣子与用户用电接口，所述分合控制电路模块通过带分励脱扣的断路器与分布式发电并网接入端相连，所述分布式发电并网接入端为光伏发电并网接入端，即所述智能黑匣子与分布式太阳能发电逆变装置端的接口；所述带分励脱扣的断路器分别受CPU中控电路模块和双向漏电保护器脱扣控制。
根据本发明优选的，所述电网接入端、用户接入端和分布式发电并网接入端均设置有自锁式接入电缆插头。
根据本发明优选的，所述无线通信模块为3G通信模块、4G通信模块或RS485通信接口。
根据本发明优选的，所述智能锁模块为权限开启电路，包括指纹锁、RFID射频通信卡或密码锁。
根据本发明优选的，所述卫星定位模块为北斗定位系统或GPS定位系统。
根据本发明优选的，所述分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子还包括智能维护模块，所述智能维护模块为智能终端应用的维护APP，其作用是在远端智能终端上运行，用户通过3G通信网络或4G通信网络实现远程对所述智能黑匣子的维护。
根据本发明优选的，所述外壳为金属外壳。
根据本发明优选的，所述金属外壳为全铸铝外壳、不锈钢外壳或涂覆氟涂料的碳钢外壳。
一种上述分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子的工作方法，包括步骤如下：
1)安装连接：
将所述智能黑匣子的电网接入端与电网相连；将所述用户接入端与所述用户的入户电路电路相连，将所述光伏发电用于用户；将所述分布式发电并网接入端与分布式太阳能发电逆变装置连接；
2)通过所述智能黑匣子将太阳能光伏发电并网时：
将所述带分励脱扣的断路器合上；
3)在漏电保护器跳闸动作后，需检查，并确保入户电路无漏电后，再将所述双向漏电保护器合闸。
本发明的优点在于：
1)本发明所述的分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，将发电并网与用户用电接线集成为一体，可控程度高。
2)本发明安装选址灵活，安装方便、工作量小和工作效率高。
3)本发明所述分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子采用抗干扰、抗污的外壳，不受雨水、冰雪、粉尘和腐蚀性气体等外界自然条件和人为因素干扰，确保其内部控制电路板运行安全可靠。
4)本发明所述一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子的日常维护工作量小和维护费用低，近乎免维护。
5)本发明所述一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子独立性强和智能化程度高，完全可以满足智能电网的发展需求。
6)本发明还具有双向漏电保护功能。采用带有双向漏电保护的断路器连接电网，分励脱扣的并网断路器和双向漏电保护断路器组成保护电路。在电网接入后连接双向漏电保护功能的小型断路器，同时控制小型并网短路器，通过分励脱扣起到同时双向保护作用。
7)本发明在电网接入后连接双向漏电保护功能的小型断路器，并同时控制小型并网短路器。经电流电压采样转换后的数据进入CPU中控电路模块，通过计算后将各种遥测量记录并送显，然后通过CPU中控电路模块通过分合控制电路模块实现过流过压欠压保护。同时控制并网断路器跳开。采用双向漏电保护器，由于电子式漏电保护断路器为单向保护，在发电并网情况下，单向电子式漏电保护短路器失效，不能起到漏电保护作用。该双向漏电保护器的采用，解决了上网发电特殊情况下漏电保护的问题。并网断路器采用带有分励脱扣的断路器。当检测到有漏电情况，则电网和发电并网端均断开，起到安全保护作用。接入端子采用带有自锁功能的接线端子，提供现场安装的便易性。采用3G通信或4G通信实现数据远传和远程控制。采用普通智能终端作为维护用手持机，在智能终端上安装运行维护软件APP，可以实现运行维护人员的轻便维护工作。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子中控制电路板的模块原理连接图；
图2为本发明所述智能黑匣子中控制电路板的电路原理图中，所述液晶显示电路中的液晶驱动电路图；
图3为本发明所述智能黑匣子中控制电路板的电路原理图中，所述多路电流电压采样电路模块的电路图；
图4为本发明所述智能黑匣子中控制电路板的电路原理图中，所述CPU中控电路模块的电路图；
图5为本发明所述智能黑匣子中控制电路板的电路原理图中，所述无线通信模块为RS485通信接口时的电路图；
图6为本发明所述智能黑匣子中控制电路板的电路原理图中，所述分合控制电路模块的电路图；
图7为发明所述智能黑匣子中的电源电路模块的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做详细的说明，但不限于此。
实施例1、
如图1所示
一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，包括外壳、在外壳内设置有控制电路板，所述的控制电路板包括CPU中控电路模块、分别与CPU中控电路模块相连的液晶显示电路、无线通信模块、智能锁模块、卫星定位模块、电源电路模块、多路电流电压采样电路模块、分合控制电路模块、带分励脱扣的断路器、电网接入端、用户接入端和分布式发电并网接入端；
所述电源电路模块分别为CPU中控电路模块与分合控制电路模块供电；
所述多路电流电压采样电路模块通过双向漏电保护器与所述的电网接入端相连，所述电网接入端为所述智能黑匣子与电网的接口；
所述分合控制电路模块与所述用户接入端相连，所述用户接入端为所述智能黑匣子与用户用电接口，所述分合控制电路模块通过带分励脱扣的断路器与分布式发电并网接入端相连，所述分布式发电并网接入端为光伏发电并网接入端，即所述智能黑匣子与分布式太阳能发电逆变装置端的接口；所述带分励脱扣的断路器分别受CPU中控电路模块和双向漏电保护器脱扣控制。
所述无线通信模块为RS485通信接口。
所述智能锁模块为权限开启电路，包括指纹锁、RFID射频通信卡或密码锁。
所述卫星定位模块为北斗定位系统或GPS定位系统。
如图3所示：所述多路电流电压采样电路模块包括多路电流互感器采样电路和电压采样电路以及高精度的电能计量芯片以及其外围电路，其中采样计算芯片ADE7758，电流采样电路包括电流互感器和电压转换电路(R31,R32等)，转换之后的电压信号通过滤波后(R3，R4，C19，C20等组成的滤波电路)送入采样芯片。电压信号经过电压转换和滤波后送入采样芯片U3。(J13为10MHZ晶振，为U3提供高速时钟)U3经过A/D转换后，通过SCI(包括ADE_SCLK，ADE_DIN，ADE_CS，ADE_DOUT四条线)将数据送入CPU。IRQ为中断信号线，当发生过压和过流时，U3通过IRQ发送一个低电平给CPU。APCF和VARCF为电能计量的脉冲输出。
上述计算芯片对电流信号、电压信号进行AD转换和计算后得到适于通信的数据，并将该数据送入CPU中控电路模块，由CPU中控电路模块对数据进行换算，得到实际的电压，电流，功率和电能数值，所述CPU中控电路模块将电压、电流、功率和电能数值送显并通过无线通信模块送往远程控制中心和智能终端维护APP，以实现对本智能黑匣子的运行情况进行远程监控。同时CPU中控电路模块还通过分合控制电路对继电器的开合控制及并网的断路器的保护控制来实现过流过压欠压等情况下，进行控制跳闸动作，实现保护功能。如图6所示，通过分合控制电路模块实现对分布式太阳能发电装置的运行状态进行监控。
如图1、2、4所述，所述CPU中控电路模块包括上电复位电路、实时时钟与时钟震荡电路和液晶驱动电路，通信电路。上电复位电路采用微处理器复位芯片，用于监控微控制器和其他逻辑系统的电源电压，它可以在上电掉电和节电情况下向微控制器提供复位信号。当电源电压低于预设的门槛电压时，器件会发出复位信号直到在一段时间内电源电压又恢复到高于门槛电压为止。实时时钟电路采用高性能的时钟芯片，实现精准的日期和时间功能(U1为高精度时钟芯片，J5为32.768kHZ的晶振为U1提供时钟)。时钟震荡电路使用高速晶振，为CPU提供高速时钟,其中J4为32.768kHZ，J6为16MHZ。如图2所示，所述液晶驱动电路实现数据显示功能，包括DIS_CS，DIS_SCK、DIS_RST、DIS_I/O,DIL_BL五条线，通过J12与液晶连接。通信电路实现与上位机的通信，实现参数设置，数据上传，远程遥控等功能。
如图6所示，所述分合控制电路模块的电路图包括光耦隔离和继电器。通过控制 继电器(J9和J10)的开合实现各种保护以及遥控。通过检测断路器辅助节点的检测(即J9的5和6的状态)，实现对分布式太阳能发电装置的运行状态的检测。
如图7所示的电源电路模块。包括模块电源，以及外围EMC电路。其中F1为220V2A的自恢复保险丝，R25为压敏电阻，C35为滤波电容，D1，D2为5.1V稳压管，C7，C8，L1，L2做滤波电路。
所述智能终端维护APP，可运行在安装谷歌Android和苹果IOS系统的智能手机上，通过权限认证后可以查看装置在手机电子地图上的位置，并对装置进行在线维护。可以查询装置的正向有功电量、反向有功电量，实时电压，电流，保护状态、各项参数和历史记录，设置装置的地址，修改装置设置密码，对装置进行校时。
在所述远程控制中心中安装有管理软件软件。通过3G网络或4G网络对所有装置进行监控维护，并记录装置的各项运行数据。采集装置的正向有功电量、反向有功电量，实时电压，电流和保护状态并显示，定时记录数据存入数据库，具有权限的操作人员可远程控制装置合闸、分闸。
实施例2、
如实施例1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其区别在于，所述外壳为金属外壳。
实施例3、
如实施例1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其区别在于，所述金属外壳为全铸铝外壳、不锈钢外壳或涂覆氟涂料的碳钢外壳。
本发明采用金属外壳采用全铸铝、不锈钢、普通碳钢涂覆氟涂料等，具有防水、防潮和防腐防腐功能。
实施例4、
一种如实施例1-3所述分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子的工作方法，包括步骤如下：
1)安装连接：
将所述智能黑匣子的电网接入端与电网相连；将所述用户接入端与所述用户的入户电路电路相连，将所述光伏发电用于用户；将所述分布式发电并网接入端与分布式太阳能发电逆变装置连接；
2)通过所述智能黑匣子将太阳能光伏发电并网时：
将所述带分励脱扣的断路器合上；
3)在漏电保护器跳闸动作后，需检查，并确保入户电路无漏电后，再将所述双向漏电保护器合闸。
实施例5、
如实施例1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其区别在于，所述电网接入端、用户接入端和分布式发电并网接入端均设置有自锁式接入电缆插头。
实施例6、
如实施例1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其区别在于，所述无线通信模块为3G通信模块或4G通信模块。
所述分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子还包括智能维护模块，所述智能维护模块为智能终端应用的维护APP，其作用是在远端智能终端上运行，用户通过3G通信网络或4G通信网络实现远程对所述智能黑匣子的维护。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其特征在于，该智能黑匣子包括外壳、在外壳内设置有控制电路板，所述的控制电路板包括CPU中控电路模块、分别与CPU中控电路模块相连的液晶显示电路、无线通信模块、智能锁模块、卫星定位模块、电源电路模块、多路电流电压采样电路模块、分合控制电路模块、带分励脱扣的断路器、电网接入端、用户接入端和分布式发电并网接入端；
    所述电源电路模块分别为CPU中控电路模块与分合控制电路模块供电；
    所述多路电流电压采样电路模块通过双向漏电保护器与所述的电网接入端相连，所述电网接入端为所述智能黑匣子与电网的接口；
    所述分合控制电路模块与所述用户接入端相连，所述用户接入端为所述智能黑匣子与用户用电接口，所述分合控制电路模块通过带分励脱扣的断路器与分布式发电并网接入端相连，所述分布式发电并网接入端为光伏发电并网接入端，即所述智能黑匣子与分布式太阳能发电逆变装置端的接口；所述带分励脱扣的断路器分别受CPU中控电路模块和双向漏电保护器脱扣控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其特征在于，所述电网接入端、用户接入端和分布式发电并网接入端均设置有自锁式接入电缆插头。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其特征在于，所述无线通信模块为3G通信模块、4G通信模块或RS485通信接口。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其特征在于，所述智能锁模块为权限开启电路，包括指纹锁、RFID射频通信卡或密码锁。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其特征在于，所述卫星定位模块为北斗定位系统或GPS定位系统。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其特征在于，所述分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子还包括智能维护模块，所述智能维护模块为智能终端应用的维护APP，其作用是在远端智能终端上运行，用户通过3G通信网络或4G通信网络实现远程对所述智能黑匣子的维护。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其特征在于， 所述外壳为金属外壳。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子，其特征在于，所述金属外壳为全铸铝外壳、不锈钢外壳或涂覆氟涂料的碳钢外壳。
  9. 一种如权利要求1-8所述分布式光伏发电并网智能黑匣子的工作方法，其特征在于，该方法包括步骤如下：
    1)安装连接：
    将所述智能黑匣子的电网接入端与电网相连；将所述用户接入端与所述用户的入户电路电路相连，将所述光伏发电用于用户；将所述分布式发电并网接入端与分布式太阳能发电逆变装置连接；
    2)通过所述智能黑匣子将太阳能光伏发电并网时：
    将所述带分励脱扣的断路器合上；
    3)在漏电保护器跳闸动作后，需检查，并确保入户电路无漏电后，再将所述双向漏电保护器合闸。
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