WO2016070777A1 - Procédé de fusion électrique pour la formation de cylindre évaporateur d'une centrale nucléaire - Google Patents

Procédé de fusion électrique pour la formation de cylindre évaporateur d'une centrale nucléaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016070777A1
WO2016070777A1 PCT/CN2015/093635 CN2015093635W WO2016070777A1 WO 2016070777 A1 WO2016070777 A1 WO 2016070777A1 CN 2015093635 W CN2015093635 W CN 2015093635W WO 2016070777 A1 WO2016070777 A1 WO 2016070777A1
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Prior art keywords
substrate
electrofusion
forming
nuclear power
heat
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PCT/CN2015/093635
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王华明
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南方增材科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2016070777A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016070777A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nuclear power plant evaporator cylinder electrofusion forming method.
  • the steam generator is one of the core equipments in the primary loop system of the nuclear power plant. It is the key component of the secondary circuit cooling water that is heated by the high-pressure water in the first loop and then evaporates into steam to drive the steam turbine to achieve power generation. It is the hub for the thermal conversion of the first and second circuits.
  • the evaporator equipment is the heaviest (the typical AP1000 container has a total weight of 600 tons), and the largest size (AP1000 upper container barrel section diameter is more than 5 meters, the total container height is more than 20 meters), plus the harsh working environment and The ever-increasing safety requirements, the requirements for equipment materials and preparation processes are increasing.
  • the evaporator material is made of low-alloy high-strength steel (ASME standard SA508Gr3Cl2, RCC-M standard 18MnD5, China corresponding standard 20MnMoNi), which is prepared by segmentation forging and heat treatment based on the technical requirements of steel ingot smelting and forging process. Subsequent welding of the component materials prepared by the segmentation into a container as a whole. Taking the AP1000 as an example, the entire evaporator vessel is divided into 9-11 material members, wherein the cylinder components are divided into 6 parts (2 upper cylinder sections, 1 conical section, 3 lower cylinder sections), and each part is separately manufactured. After the whole group welding.
  • Typical materials are subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment on a forging basis (usually subjected to one or more normalizing and tempering heat treatments in the middle to diffuse residual hydrogen, refine grains, and prepare for final heat treatment) to obtain strength and toughness.
  • forging, especially during heat treatment is prone to problems such as uneven macrostructure. The process is complicated, the chemical and mechanical properties are difficult to control, and the quality is stable. Poor sex and high scrap rate.
  • the method of forging and tailor welding of the segmented materials used in the evaporator equipment also severely breaks the continuous direction of the mechanical fibers due to the increase of the weld seam, which greatly affects the mechanical properties of the materials and the safety of the container equipment. And it is also very easy to cause manufacturing delays and increase costs.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an efficient, low-cost, good mechanical performance of a nuclear power plant evaporator cylinder electrofusion forming method.
  • the nuclear power plant evaporator body electrofusion forming method of the invention is a high-energy heat source formed by arc heat, electric resistance heat and electroslag heat, melting the continuously transported metal raw material wire, layer by layer on the substrate. Solidified stacked forming metal parts;
  • the electrofusion head and the substrate are connected to the two poles of the power source, and the metal raw material wire is sent to the surface of the substrate through the conveying mechanism and the electrofusion head during the forming, and an arc is generated between the raw material wire and the substrate under the deposition protection of the granular auxiliary material.
  • the molten part of the piled auxiliary material forms a molten slag pool, the electric current flows through the raw material wire material and the molten auxiliary material slag pool to form electric resistance heat and electroslag heat, and the raw material wire is made under the action of three heat composite high energy heat sources of arc heat, electric resistance heat and electroslag heat.
  • the material is melted, a local molten pool is formed on the surface of the substrate, and the raw material wire and the auxiliary material are continuously conveyed.
  • the relative movement of the electrofusion head and the substrate is controlled by a computer to realize the rapid melting of the molten pool on the substrate.
  • the cooling is solidified layer by layer, and finally the nuclear power plant evaporator cylinder is formed.
  • the formed evaporator cylinder is formed according to different nuclear power unit requirements. 3-6 meters in diameter and 2-18 meters in length, can be formed upper cylinder, or lower cylinder, or upper cylinder with tapered section, or lower cylinder with tapered section, or upper cylinder with tapered section Connect the lower cylinder.
  • the raw material wire used for forming is a low-alloy steel material specially prepared for the evaporator member, the raw material wire diameter is 2-10 mm, the C content is 0.11-0.15%, and the workpiece C content after forming is 0.05-0.10%, the workpiece The grain size is 9-10.
  • the current in the power supply parameter is 200A to 3000A
  • the voltage is 20V to 60V
  • the power source can be a direct current or an alternating current power source.
  • the electric fuse head can be connected to the positive pole or the negative pole.
  • the preheating and interlaminar temperature of the control substrate or the deposited metal is 120 to 450 ° C, and the relative movement speed of the electrofusion head and the substrate is 300 to 800 mm/min, thereby realizing rapid solidification of the molten pool, thereby obtaining crystals.
  • Fine-grained, non-macro-segregated, uniform-structured materials greatly improve the mechanical properties of the formed workpiece such as plasticity, toughness and high-temperature creep.
  • the raw material filament forms a molten pool on the surface of the lower metal layer, and the molten droplet enters the molten pool in the form of a jet and solidifies to form the two layers of metal into one body, thereby realizing layer forming and integral fusion, thereby ensuring The overall properties of the formed metal component.
  • the melting efficiency of the single electrofusion head to the raw material wire is 20-50 Kg/h, and in order to achieve rapid formation by increasing the stacking efficiency, the number of the electrofusion heads can be adjusted to 1 to 100 as needed, when multi-electrofusion When the head is arranged, the distance between adjacent electrofusion heads is 50 to 500 mm.
  • the substrate may be cylindrical or cylindrical and have a wall thickness of not less than 5 mm.
  • the (the axis) is horizontally configured to achieve layer-by-layer stacking by controlling the rotation of the substrate and the relative movement of the electrofusion head in the axial and radial directions of the substrate.
  • the substrate may be 308 stainless steel material or carbon steel or alloy steel material. When it is 308 stainless steel material, it can be used as a dissimilar material to join the composite workpiece. When it is carbon steel or alloy steel material, it can be removed in the subsequent machining.
  • the invention is free from the constraints of complex tooling, molds and special tools; forming It is a near-net-shaped blank, which requires only a small amount of finishing after production, which greatly simplifies the processing and shortens the product cycle.
  • the formed workpiece has the mechanical and chemical properties comparable to the traditional forging process, and its strength, toughness and corrosion resistance are outstanding.
  • the overall forming of the evaporator cylinder is realized, which breaks through the limitations of the traditional forging process technology, greatly improving the efficiency and saving the cost.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic view for explaining an electrofusion forming method in a specific embodiment
  • Figure 1B is a partial enlarged view of the vicinity of the position shown in A of Figure 1A;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view for explaining a method of forming an evaporator cylinder in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic view for explaining an electrofusion forming method in a specific embodiment
  • FIG. 1B is a partial enlarged view of a vicinity of a position shown by A in FIG. 1A. Since the drawings are schematic, the components in the drawings are schematic, and their actual shapes and dimensional relationships are not limited by the drawings.
  • the raw material wire 1 is melted and stacked on the base material 2 layer by layer (in the state shown in FIG. 1 when it is deposited on the N-th layer), thereby finally forming a desired metal member.
  • the wire feeding mechanism 5 feeds the raw material wire 1 to the surface of the substrate 2 placed on the table 21, and is covered with the granular auxiliary material conveyed by the powder feeding mechanism 4.
  • the power supply voltage causes an arc 9 between the raw material wire 1 and the substrate 2 to generate arc heat
  • the arc heat causes part of the auxiliary material 3 to melt, forming an auxiliary slag pool 8, and the current flows through the raw material wire through the electrofusion head 6.
  • the three heat sources are combined to form a high-energy heat source, and the raw material is melted.
  • the wire material forms a molten pool 11 on the surface of the substrate 2.
  • the wire feeding mechanism 5 and the powder feeding mechanism 4 continuously convey the raw material wire 1 and the auxiliary material 3.
  • the raw material wire 1 is deposited on the substrate 2 layer by layer, and finally Form the workpiece.
  • control device controls the relative movement manner of the electrofusion head 6 and the substrate 2 based on the layered slice data of the shaped workpiece (numerical simulation, mathematical model).
  • the electrode of the electrofusion head is connected positively, and the workpiece is connected to the negative for only a schematic function, or the electrofusion head is connected negatively, the workpiece is connected positively, or an AC power source is taken.
  • the composition of the excipient, the diameter of the raw material wire, the current, the relative movement speed of the substrate and the raw material wire, etc. can be appropriately adjusted. parameter.
  • the shape of the raw material yarn 1 may be a round bar shape, a belt shape, a solid core or a drug core; the diameter of the raw material wire 1 may be set to 2 to 10 mm according to the size of the formed workpiece; depending on the diameter of the wire material 1,
  • the length of the electric fuse head (electrical length) is 20 mm to 150 mm.
  • the auxiliary material 3 covers a thickness of 15 mm to 120 mm, and the use of the auxiliary material 3 includes: covering the arc 9 to prevent arc splashing; covering the molten pool 11, insulating the air, and protecting the molten pool metal from oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the air. Insulting; forming heat preservation on the molten pool metal; removing impurities and alloying in the metallurgical reaction process; forming the slag pool 8 (slag shell 7) mechanically protecting the deposited metal 10 from forming well.
  • the composition of the auxiliary material 3 contains an oxide or an oxide and a halide, and the auxiliary material 3 participates in the molten pool reaction to adjust the workpiece (metal member, product) component, and thus can be added to the auxiliary material according to the composition and efficiency requirements of the metal member to be formed. Alloy powder and/or elemental metal powder reduce production costs.
  • the operation of recovering the residual excipients and removing the slag shell 7 formed by solidification of the slag pool 8 may be attached.
  • it can be in the phase of the raw silk 1 Machine removal or manual removal is started at a distance of 400 mm to 500 mm behind the movement.
  • the utilization rate of the raw material yarn is close to 100%; compared with the conventional processing technology (forging, casting, etc.), the number of manufacturing processes is small (no complicated heat treatment is required), the cycle is short, and the efficiency is high.
  • the machining allowance of the components is very small, while reducing the finishing time and saving a lot of material.
  • This example describes the overall forming process of the AP1000 nuclear electric evaporator cylinder (the upper cylinder with the tapered section and the lower cylinder) by the horizontal electrofusion forming method.
  • the inner wall of the cylinder is welded with a thickness of about 8 mm of 308 stainless steel.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing the electrofusion forming method of the present embodiment, in which a device such as a power source or an automatic wire feeder is omitted.
  • the material power parameters are as follows:
  • raw material wire 101 (C: 0.12-0.14%, other elements are consistent with SA508-3), diameter 5mm;
  • auxiliary material 301 the composition is 29.5% CaO+MgO; 30% AL2O3+MnO; 20.5% SiO2+TiO; 20% CaF2;
  • the number of electrofusion heads 34 electrofusion heads 601, the electrofusion power source is a DC power source, the electrofusion head 601 is connected to the negative pole of the power source, and the substrate 201 is connected to the positive pole of the power source (so that the processing efficiency can be greatly improved);
  • the electrofusion process parameters are: fused current 900A, fused voltage 42V, fused
  • the head 601 and the substrate 201 are relatively moved at a speed of 600 to 700 mm/min (melt moving speed).
  • the annular metal member is fabricated by a metal member electrofusion forming method, and the implementation steps are as follows:
  • the auxiliary material recovery device is started to take back the unmelted auxiliary material, expose the slag shell and remove it, so as to facilitate the next fused deposition (stacking)
  • the cooling device or the heating device is started to cool or heat the fused deposition metal, and the temperature of the substrate (the first layer refers to the substrate 201, and the other layer refers to the former layer of the deposited metal) is controlled at 200 ⁇ . 300 ° C;
  • step (4) After the completion of the second pass, repeat step (4) to complete the formation of the other fused deposition track.
  • the last pass is reached, the last end point of the adjacent fused fuse head is matched with the first start point. Good connection, to complete the first layer of fused deposition;
  • the stainless steel substrate 201 becomes a part of the evaporator cylinder, and the direct connection forming of the dissimilar materials is realized, thereby changing the manufacturing method of the conventional process for forging the 308 stainless steel on the inner wall after forging the SA508-3 cylinder.
  • the process is reduced, the work efficiency and quality are improved, and ordinary carbon steel can be removed in the subsequent machining.
  • the evaporator cylinder is divided into 6 sections (see background art), which are respectively forged and then integrally welded, and in this embodiment, since a plurality of (34) electrofusion heads are integrally formed side by side, Greatly improved the forming efficiency. In addition, it is naturally also possible to adjust the number and arrangement of the fused heads according to customer requirements, and form the segments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fusion électrique pour la formation d'un cylindre évaporateur de centrale nucléaire, comprenant les étapes suivantes : une tête de fusion électrique (6) et un substrat (2) sont respectivement reliés à l'une ou l'autre électrode d'une source d'énergie (12) ; lors de la formation, un fil en matière première (1) est acheminé à une surface du substrat (2) par le biais d'un mécanisme d'amenée de fil (5) et de la tête de fusion électrique (6) ; sous la protection d'une pile de produit adjuvant granulaire (3), le fil en matière première (1) est fondu sous les effets de trois sources de chaleur, à savoir la chaleur d'arc électrique, la chaleur de résistance et la chaleur de laitier électroconducteur ; un bain de fusion partiel (11) est formé sur la surface du substrat (2) ; le transport du fil en matière première (1) et du produit adjuvant (3) se poursuit ; un ordinateur est utilisé pour commander les mouvements relatifs de la tête de fusion électrique (6) et du substrat (2) en se basant sur les données de découpage en couches d'un composant en formation ; un refroidissement rapide et une solidification couche par couche ainsi que le dépôt du bain de fusion (11) sur le substrat sont mis en oeuvre ; et, pour terminer, le cylindre évaporateur de centrale nucléaire est formé. Le procédé est extrêmement efficace et peu coûteux. Le cylindre évaporateur de centrale nucléaire formé possède de très bonnes propriétés mécaniques.
PCT/CN2015/093635 2014-11-04 2015-11-03 Procédé de fusion électrique pour la formation de cylindre évaporateur d'une centrale nucléaire WO2016070777A1 (fr)

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CN201410617496.7A CN104526169B (zh) 2014-11-04 2014-11-04 核电站蒸发器筒体电熔成形方法
CN201410617496.7 2014-11-04

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Families Citing this family (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104526171B (zh) * 2014-11-04 2016-10-12 南方增材科技有限公司 金属构件电熔成形方法
CN104526169B (zh) * 2014-11-04 2016-08-17 南方增材科技有限公司 核电站蒸发器筒体电熔成形方法
CN104526115B (zh) * 2014-11-04 2017-01-18 南方增材科技有限公司 核电站压力容器筒体电熔成形方法
CN106378540A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-08 南方增材科技有限公司 核电站蒸发器筒体电熔成形方法
CN106271141A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-01-04 南方增材科技有限公司 核电常规岛低压转子电熔成形方法
CN106466766A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-01 南方增材科技有限公司 核电站稳压器筒体电熔成形方法
CN106271142A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-01-04 南方增材科技有限公司 超超临界高中压转子电熔成形方法
CN106466753A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-01 南方增材科技有限公司 核电站压力容器筒体电熔成形方法
CN106466765A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-01 南方增材科技有限公司 超超临界低压转子的电熔成形方法
CN106271143A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-01-04 南方增材科技有限公司 Cap1400主蒸汽管贯穿件电熔成形方法
CN112792433B (zh) * 2021-01-15 2022-04-12 南方增材科技有限公司 高韧性低合金钢构件的制备方法及高韧性低合金钢构件

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CN104526169A (zh) * 2014-11-04 2015-04-22 南方增材科技有限公司 核电站蒸发器筒体电熔成形方法

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