WO2016070676A1 - 可测量剩余电流的智能电表 - Google Patents

可测量剩余电流的智能电表 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016070676A1
WO2016070676A1 PCT/CN2015/088586 CN2015088586W WO2016070676A1 WO 2016070676 A1 WO2016070676 A1 WO 2016070676A1 CN 2015088586 W CN2015088586 W CN 2015088586W WO 2016070676 A1 WO2016070676 A1 WO 2016070676A1
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Prior art keywords
module
signal
residual current
terminal
electrically connected
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PCT/CN2015/088586
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余涛
许箴
李铭
高晓雷
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江苏省电力公司常州供电公司
江苏省电力公司
国家电网公司
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Priority claimed from CN201420657605.3U external-priority patent/CN204154810U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410617908.7A external-priority patent/CN104374964B/zh
Application filed by 江苏省电力公司常州供电公司, 江苏省电力公司, 国家电网公司 filed Critical 江苏省电力公司常州供电公司
Publication of WO2016070676A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016070676A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smart electric energy meter, in particular to a smart electric meter capable of measuring residual current.
  • Residual current refers to the current vector of each phase in the distribution line and the current that is not zero. In most cases, it is caused by leakage of equipment or lines. When the leakage is serious, it will burn electrical equipment or lines and cause fire. Therefore, the residual current detection and the installation of the residual current action protector in the low-voltage power grid are an effective protection measure against personal electric shock, electrical fire and electrical equipment damage.
  • countries around the world and the International Electrotechnical Commission have vigorously promoted the use of residual current operated protectors in low-voltage power grids by developing appropriate electrical installation procedures and power usage regulations. However, the residual current protector can only perform trip protection when the residual current exceeds the limit fault, and it is impossible to perform early warning and real-time monitoring.
  • the common electric energy meter can measure the phase current and the neutral current, but does not have the measurement function of the residual current.
  • the Chinese patent document entitled “Single-Phase Electronic Leakage Detection Intelligent Electric Energy Meter” is published in 200420018274.5, which discloses an electric energy meter capable of detecting and recognizing leakage current, but the electric energy meter cannot perform the leakage current value. Real-time measurement and the leakage current in the subscriber line cannot be recorded.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problems of real-time measurement and early warning of residual current in the subscriber line, and the invention provides a smart meter capable of real-time measurement, early warning and alarm function on the residual current of the user side, and has cost saving, It is easy to install and can be promoted in a large area.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a smart meter capable of measuring residual current according to the present invention, comprising a housing, a terminal block, a phase line, and a neutral line;
  • the above-mentioned terminal block includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third a terminal block and a fourth terminal;
  • the terminal block is fixedly mounted on the housing;
  • the phase line and the neutral line are installed in the housing;
  • one end of the neutral line is electrically connected to the third terminal; the other end of the neutral line and the fourth terminal Electrical connection; its structural features are: also include relays, phase current sampling resistors, residual current transformers and circuit devices;
  • phase line current sampling resistor and residual current transformer are all disposed in the housing;
  • phase current sampling resistor One end of the phase current sampling resistor is electrically connected to the first terminal; the other end of the phase current sampling resistor is electrically connected to the relay; one end of the phase line is electrically connected to the second terminal; and the other end of the phase line is electrically connected to the relay;
  • the zero line is close to the phase line, and the zero line is bent into a mouth shape close to the phase line; the residual current transformer is arranged close to the phase line and the zero line, and the phase line and the zero line pass through the residual current transformer ;
  • the above circuit device includes a voltage sampling module, a signal processing module, an A/D conversion module, and an energy metering module.
  • the voltage sampling module, the signal processing module, the A/D conversion module, the energy metering module, the single chip processing module, the relay control module, the communication module and the power module of the circuit device are disposed in the housing;
  • the voltage sampling module is provided with a signal output end;
  • the signal processing module is provided with a voltage sampling signal input end, a phase line current sampling signal input end, a residual current signal input end and a signal output end;
  • the A/D conversion module is provided with a signal input end, a signal output end and a second signal output end;
  • the electric energy metering module is provided with a signal input end and a signal output end;
  • the single chip processing module is provided with a sampling signal input end, a power consumption signal input end, a relay control signal output end, a communication end, The signal output end and the button signal input end are displayed;
  • the relay control module is provided with a signal input end and a control signal output end;
  • the communication module is provided with an in-communication end and an external communication end;
  • the LCD display module is provided with a signal input end;
  • the button module is provided Signal output
  • the voltage sampling signal input end, the phase line current sampling signal input end and the residual current signal input end of the signal processing module are respectively electrically connected with the signal output end of the voltage sampling module, the phase line current sampling resistor and the residual current transformer;
  • A/D The signal input end of the conversion module is electrically connected with the signal output end of the signal processing module; the signal input end of the energy metering module is electrically connected with the signal of the first signal output end of the A/D conversion module; the sampling signal input end of the single chip processing module and the A
  • the second signal output end of the /D conversion module is electrically connected; the power consumption signal input end of the single chip processing module is electrically connected with the signal output end signal of the electric energy metering module; the signal input end of the relay control module and the relay control signal of the single chip processing module
  • the output signal is electrically connected; the control signal output end of the relay control module is electrically connected with the control end of the relay; the in-communication end of the communication module is electrically connected with the communication end of the single-chip
  • the communication module of the above circuit device comprises an infrared communication interface, an RS485 communication interface and a carrier communication interface; the infrared communication interface, the RS485 communication interface and the carrier communication interface respectively have an inbound communication terminal and an external communication terminal; infrared communication The inbound communication terminal of the interface, the RS485 communication interface and the carrier communication interface together constitute the inbound communication terminal of the above communication module; the external communication terminals of the infrared communication interface, the RS485 communication interface and the carrier communication interface together constitute the external communication of the above communication module end.
  • the LCD display module of the circuit device includes an LCD display mounted on the housing for displaying power consumption, real-time residual current value, and alarm information when the residual current is over-limit; the button module includes being mounted on the housing. A button for the user to view information interaction.
  • the above relay is a JML82 type magnetically held relay
  • residual current transformer It is a HLTY1 type current transformer
  • the phase line current sampling resistor is a manganese copper sampling resistor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention, in which the housing is omitted, and the front cover is not shown;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a circuit structure of the present invention.
  • Terminal block 2 first terminal 21, second terminal 22, third terminal 23, fourth terminal 24,
  • Circuit device 8 voltage sampling module 81, signal processing module 82, A/D conversion module 83, energy metering module 84, single chip processing module 85, relay control module 86, communication module 87, LCD display module 88, button module 89, power supply Module 80.
  • the smart meter capable of measuring residual current in the embodiment, the housing 1, the terminal block 2, the relay 3, the phase line current sampling resistor 4, the phase line 5, the neutral line 6, the residual current transformer 7 and the circuit
  • the device 8 is composed.
  • the terminal block 2 includes a first terminal 21, a second terminal 22, a third terminal 23 and a fourth terminal 24.
  • the terminal block 2 is fixedly mounted on the housing 1 and located at the lower end of the housing 1.
  • the relay 3 is fixedly disposed in the housing 1.
  • the relay 3 preferably uses a JML82 type magnetic holding relay.
  • the phase current sampling resistor 4 is disposed within the housing 1.
  • the phase line current sampling resistor 4 is preferably a manganese copper sampling resistor in this embodiment.
  • One end of the phase current sampling resistor 4 is electrically connected to the first terminal 21; the other end of the phase current sampling resistor 4 is electrically connected to the relay 3.
  • phase line 5 the neutral line 6 and the residual current transformer 7 are both disposed within the housing 1.
  • phase line 5 One end of the phase line 5 is electrically connected to the second terminal 22; the other end of the phase line 5 is electrically connected to the relay 3.
  • the neutral line 6 is close to the phase line 5 in the casing 1, and the neutral line 6 is bent into a mouth shape near the phase line 5 for ensuring that the residual current transformer 7 can correctly sample the subscriber line when the meter is normally wired. Residual current in .
  • the residual current transformer 7 is disposed adjacent to the phase line 5 and the neutral line 6, and the phase line 5 and the neutral line 6 pass through the residual current transformer 7.
  • the residual current transformer 7 is preferably a HLTY1 type current transformer.
  • the circuit device 8 is mainly composed of a voltage sampling module 81, a signal processing module 82, an A/D conversion module 83, an energy metering module 84, a single chip processing module 85, a relay control module 86, a communication module 87, and an LCD display module 88.
  • the button module 89 and the power module 80 are composed.
  • the voltage sampling module 81, the signal processing module 82, the A/D conversion module 83, the energy metering module 84, the single chip processing module 85, the relay control module 86, the communication module 87, and the power module 80 of the circuit device 8 are disposed in the casing 1.
  • the voltage sampling module 81 is provided with a signal output terminal; the signal processing module 82 is provided with a voltage sampling signal input terminal, a phase line current sampling signal input terminal, a residual current signal input terminal and a signal output terminal; and the A/D conversion module 83 is provided with a signal input.
  • the terminal, the communication end, the display signal output end and the button signal input end; the relay control module 86 is provided with a signal input end and a control signal output end; the communication module 87 is provided with an inbound communication end and an external communication end; the LCD display module 88 is provided Signal input terminal; the button module 89 is provided with a signal output end.
  • the voltage sampling signal input end, the phase line current sampling signal input end and the residual current signal input end of the signal processing module 82 are respectively electrically connected to the signal output end of the voltage sampling module 81, the phase line current sampling resistor 4 and the residual current transformer 7 respectively.
  • the signal input end of the A/D conversion module 83 is electrically connected to the signal output end of the signal processing module 82; the signal input end of the energy metering module 84 is electrically connected to the signal of the first signal output end of the A/D conversion module 83;
  • the sampling signal input end of the module 85 is electrically connected to the second signal output end signal of the A/D conversion module 83; the power consumption signal input end of the single chip processing module 85 is electrically connected to the signal output end signal of the energy metering module 84; the relay control module
  • the signal input end of 86 is electrically connected with the relay control signal output end signal of the single chip processing module 85; the control signal output end of the relay control module 86 is electrically connected with the control end of the relay 3;
  • the LCD display module 88 of the circuit arrangement 8 includes an LCD display mounted on the housing 1; the button module 89 includes keys mounted on the housing 1.
  • the LCD display of the LCD display module 88 is used to display the user's power consumption and the display of alarm information when the residual current is exceeded during normal operation.
  • the buttons on the button module 89 are used by the power user to check the interaction of the power consumption information and the like with the smart meter.
  • the communication module 87 preferably includes an infrared communication interface, an RS485 communication interface, and a carrier communication interface.
  • the infrared communication interface, the RS485 communication interface and the carrier communication interface respectively have an inbound communication terminal and an external communication terminal; the infrasound communication interface, the RS485 communication interface and the inbound communication terminal of the carrier communication interface jointly constitute the inbound communication of the aforementioned communication module 87.
  • the external communication end of the infrared communication interface, the RS485 communication interface and the carrier communication interface together constitute the external communication end of the aforementioned communication module 87.
  • the infrared communication interface of the communication module 87 is used for the staff to set parameters and read the data in the table.
  • the RS485 communication interface and the carrier communication interface are mainly used for monitoring background communication with the power supply department.
  • the phase line current loop is composed of the phase line current sampling resistor 4, the relay 3 and the phase line 5; the phase line current is from the first terminal 21 of the terminal block 2 The inflow and the second terminal 22 flow out; the phase line current signal is obtained by the phase line current sampling resistor 4.
  • the neutral current loop is constituted by the neutral wire 6, the neutral current flows in from the fourth terminal 24 of the terminal block 2, and the third terminal 23 flows out.
  • the residual current signal is taken by the residual current sampling transformer 7.
  • the grid voltage sampling signal, the phase current sampling signal, and the residual current sampling signal are sent to the signal processing module 82 of the circuit device 8 for amplification processing, and then converted into corresponding digital signals by the A/D conversion module 83, and sent to the energy metering module 84. Perform real-time power calculations.
  • the single chip processing module 85 receives the grid voltage value, the phase line current value, the residual current value, the grid frequency, the power factor, the power consumption and the like uploaded by the A/D conversion module 83 and the energy metering module 84 in real time; the single chip processing module 85 passes through the phase Line current value, residual current value, grid frequency, power factor and other parameters, calculate the zero line current value, for the monitoring background to determine whether the user is using electricity and whether there is tampering behavior.
  • the single chip processing module 85 stores the grid voltage, the phase line current, the neutral current, the residual current, the power consumption and the like and sends the information to the LCD display of the LCD display module 88 for real-time display, through the carrier communication interface of the communication module 87 or RS485.
  • the interface is sent to the monitoring background for the power information collection system for statistical analysis; at the same time, the single-chip processing module 85 compares the real-time residual current value on the subscriber line with the preset residual current alarm threshold: if the real-time residual current value exceeds the preset
  • the alarm threshold is alarmed to the user through the LCD display of the LCD display module 88, and is actively reported to the carrier through the carrier communication interface or the RS485 communication interface. Monitor the background; at the same time, record the residual current over-limit alarm event to monitor the background for statistical query.
  • the monitoring background can predict the residual current overrun that may occur in the user circuit, and send information to the user's smart meter through the carrier communication interface or RS485 communication interface, from the smart meter to The user makes an early warning. If necessary, the monitoring background can remotely control the relay 3 through the circuit device 8 to cut off the power of the user to prevent the occurrence of a malignant event such as a fire.
  • the smart meter capable of measuring residual current in the embodiment can realize real-time measurement and recording of the residual current in the subscriber line, and can automatically alarm when the detected residual current exceeds the preset alarm threshold, and form a surplus.
  • Current over-limit alarm event record all residual current measurement data and records can be uploaded to the data acquisition system of the monitoring background through RS485, carrier and other communication interfaces, and the residual current events of all users are statistically analyzed by the monitoring background, and finally to the user.
  • the residual current event is used for early warning; moreover, it only needs to be improved on the existing smart meter, the improvement cost is not high, and the function and the size of the existing electric energy meter are not affected, which is convenient for large-scale promotion.
  • the smart meter capable of measuring residual current of the present invention can realize real-time measurement and recording of residual current in the subscriber line, and can automatically alarm when the detected residual current exceeds a preset alarm threshold, and form a residual current.
  • Over-limit alarm event record all residual current measurement data and records can be uploaded to the data acquisition system of the monitoring background through RS485, carrier and other communication interfaces, and the residual current events of all users are statistically analyzed by the monitoring background, and finally to the user The residual current event is alerted.
  • the smart meter capable of measuring residual current of the present invention is improved on the existing smart meter, and the improvement cost is not high, and does not affect the function and outer shape of the existing electric energy meter, and is convenient for large-area promotion.

Abstract

一种可测量剩余电流的智能电表，包括壳体（1）、接线端子座（2）、相线（5）、零线（6）、继电器（3）、相线电流采样电阻（4）、剩余电流互感器（7）和电路装置（8）；继电器（3）、相线电流采样电阻（4）和剩余电流互感器（7）均设置在壳体（1）内；相线（5）和零线（6）穿过剩余电流互感器（7）；电路装置（8）包括电压采样模块（81）、信号处理模块（82）、A/D转换模块（83）、电能计量模块（83）、单片机处理模块（85）、继电器控制模块（86）、通信模块（87）、LCD显示模块（88）、按键模块（89）和电源模块（80）。所述智能电表可实现对用户线路中的剩余电流进行实时测量、记录，并具有剩余电流超限报警事件和事件记录功能；只需在现有的智能电表上进行改进，改进成本不高，且不影响现有电能表的功能和外形尺寸，便于大面积推广。

Description

可测量剩余电流的智能电表 技术领域
本发明涉及智能电能表，具体涉及一种可测量剩余电流的智能电表。
背景技术
剩余电流是指配电线路中各相电流矢量和不为零的电流，大部分情况下是由设备或线路的漏电引起的，漏电严重时会烧毁电气设备或线路，引起火灾。因此在低压电网中进行剩余电流检测和安装剩余电流动作保护器是防止人身触电、电气火灾及电气设备损坏的一种有效的防护措施。世界各国和国际电工委员会通过制订相应的电气安装规程和用电规程在低压电网中大力推广使用剩余电流动作保护器。但是剩余电流保护器只能在剩余电流发生超限故障时进行跳闸保护，无法进行预警及实时监测。
目前常见的电能表能够实现对相线电流、零线电流的测量，但却都不具备剩余电流的测量功能。申请号为200420018274.5、名称为“单相电子式漏电检测智能电能表”的中国专利文献，其公开了一种可以对漏电流进行检测识别的电能表，但该电能表却无法对漏电流值进行实时测量，且无法对用户线路中的漏电流进行记录。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：为解决用户线路中剩余电流的实时测量和预警等问题，本发明提供一种可以对用户侧的剩余电流进行实时测量、预警和报警功能的智能电表，并且具有节省成本、安装方便、可以大面积推广等优点。
本发明的技术方案是：本发明的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，包括壳体、接线端子座、相线、零线；上述的接线端子座包括第一接线端子、第二接线端子、第三接线端子和第四接线端子；接线端子座固定安装在壳体上；相线和零线安装在壳体内；零线的一端与第三接线端子电连接；零线的另一端与第四接线端子电连接；其结构特点是：还包括继电器、相线电流采样电阻、剩余电流互感器和电路装置；
上述的继电器、相线电流采样电阻和剩余电流互感器均设置在壳体内；
相线电流采样电阻的一端与第一接线端子电连接；相线电流采样电阻的另一端与继电器电连接；相线的一端与第二接线端子电连接；相线的另一端与继电器电连接；零线与相线相靠近，且零线与相线相靠近处折弯成口字形；剩余电流互感器设于相线和零线相靠近处，且相线和零线穿过剩余电流互感器；
上述的电路装置包括电压采样模块、信号处理模块、A/D转换模块、电能计量模 块、单片机处理模块、继电器控制模块、通信模块、LCD显示模块、按键模块和电源模块；
电路装置的电压采样模块、信号处理模块、A/D转换模块、电能计量模块、单片机处理模块、继电器控制模块、通信模块和电源模块设置在壳体内；
电压采样模块设有信号输出端；信号处理模块设有电压采样信号输入端、相线电流采样信号输入端、剩余电流信号输入端和信号输出端；A/D转换模块设有信号输入端、第一信号输出端和第二信号输出端；电能计量模块设有信号输入端和信号输出端；单片机处理模块设有采样信号输入端、用电量信号输入端、继电器控制信号输出端、通信端、显示信号输出端和按键信号输入端；继电器控制模块设有信号输入端和控制信号输出端；通信模块设有对内通信端和对外通信端；LCD显示模块设有信号输入端；按键模块设有信号输出端；
信号处理模块的电压采样信号输入端、相线电流采样信号输入端和剩余电流信号输入端分别与电压采样模块的信号输出端、相线电流采样电阻和剩余电流互感器对应电连接；A/D转换模块的信号输入端与信号处理模块的信号输出端电连接；电能计量模块的信号输入端与A/D转换模块的第一信号输出端信号电连接；单片机处理模块的采样信号输入端与A/D转换模块的第二信号输出端信号电连接；单片机处理模块的用电量信号输入端与电能计量模块信号输出端信号电连接；继电器控制模块的信号输入端与单片机处理模块的继电器控制信号输出端信号电连接；继电器控制模块的控制信号输出端与继电器的控制端电连接；通信模块的对内通信端与单片机处理模块的通信端双向信号电连接；LCD显示模块的信号输入端与单片机处理模块的显示信号输出端信号电连接；按键模块的信号输出端与单片机处理模块的按键信号输入端信号电连接；电源模块提供工作电源。
进一步的方案是：上述的电路装置的通信模块包括红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口；红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口分别设有对内通信端和对外通信端；红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口的对内通信端共同构成上述的通信模块的对内通信端；红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口的对外通信端共同构成上述的通信模块的对外通信端。
进一步的方案是：上述的电路装置的LCD显示模块包括安装在壳体上用于显示用电量、实时剩余电流值以及剩余电流超限时报警信息的LCD显示屏；按键模块包括安装在壳体上供用户查阅信息交互用的按键。
进一步的方案还有：上述的继电器为JML82型磁保持的继电器；剩余电流互感器 为HLTY1型电流互感器；相线电流采样电阻为锰铜采样电阻。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图，图中壳体省略了前盖未画出；
图2为本发明的电路结构示意框图。
上述附图中的附图标记如下：
壳体1，
接线端子座2，第一接线端子21，第二接线端子22，第三接线端子23，第四接线端子24，
继电器3，
相线电流采样电阻4，
相线5，
零线6，
剩余电流互感器7，
电路装置8，电压采样模块81，信号处理模块82，A/D转换模块83，电能计量模块84，单片机处理模块85，继电器控制模块86，通信模块87，LCD显示模块88，按键模块89，电源模块80。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
(实施例1)
见图1，本实施例的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，壳体1、接线端子座2、继电器3、相线电流采样电阻4、相线5、零线6、剩余电流互感器7和电路装置8组成。
接线端子座2包括第一接线端子21、第二接线端子22、第三接线端子23和第四接线端子24，接线端子座2固定安装在壳体1上，且位于壳体1的下端。
继电器3固定设置在壳体1内。本实施例中，继电器3优选采用JML82型磁保持继电器。
相线电流采样电阻4设置在壳体1内。相线电流采样电阻4本实施例中优选采用锰铜采样电阻。相线电流采样电阻4的一端与第一接线端子21电连接；相线电流采样电阻4的另一端与继电器3电连接。
相线5、零线6和剩余电流互感器7均设置在壳体1内。
相线5的一端与第二接线端子22电连接；相线5的另一端与继电器3电连接。
零线6的一端与第三接线端子23电连接；零线6的另一端与第四接线端子24电连接。零线6在壳体1内与相线5相靠近，且零线6与相线5相靠近处折弯成口字形，用于确保剩余电流互感器7在电表正常接线时能正确采样用户线路中的剩余电流。
剩余电流互感器7设于相线5和零线6相靠近处，相线5和零线6穿过剩余电流互感器7。本实施例中，剩余电流互感器7优选采用HLTY1型电流互感器。
参见图2，电路装置8主要由电压采样模块81、信号处理模块82、A/D转换模块83、电能计量模块84、单片机处理模块85、继电器控制模块86、通信模块87、LCD显示模块88、按键模块89和电源模块80组成。
电路装置8的电压采样模块81、信号处理模块82、A/D转换模块83、电能计量模块84、单片机处理模块85、继电器控制模块86、通信模块87和电源模块80设置在壳体1内。
电压采样模块81设有信号输出端；信号处理模块82设有电压采样信号输入端、相线电流采样信号输入端、剩余电流信号输入端和信号输出端；A/D转换模块83设有信号输入端、第一信号输出端和第二信号输出端；电能计量模块84设有信号输入端和信号输出端；单片机处理模块85设有采样信号输入端、用电量信号输入端、继电器控制信号输出端、通信端、显示信号输出端和按键信号输入端；继电器控制模块86设有信号输入端和控制信号输出端；通信模块87设有对内通信端和对外通信端；LCD显示模块88设有信号输入端；按键模块89设有信号输出端。
信号处理模块82的电压采样信号输入端、相线电流采样信号输入端和剩余电流信号输入端分别与电压采样模块81的信号输出端、相线电流采样电阻4和剩余电流互感器7对应电连接；A/D转换模块83的信号输入端与信号处理模块82的信号输出端电连接；电能计量模块84的信号输入端与A/D转换模块83的第一信号输出端信号电连接；单片机处理模块85的采样信号输入端与A/D转换模块83的第二信号输出端信号电连接；单片机处理模块85的用电量信号输入端与电能计量模块84信号输出端信号电连接；继电器控制模块86的信号输入端与单片机处理模块85的继电器控制信号输出端信号电连接；继电器控制模块86的控制信号输出端与继电器3的控制端电连接；通信模块87的对内通信端与单片机处理模块85的通信端双向信号电连接；通信模块87的对外通信端使用时与监控后台通信；LCD显示模块88的信号输入端与单片机处理模块85的显示信号输出端信号电连接；按键模块89的信号输出端与单片机处理模块85的按键信号输入端信号电连接；电源模块80为智能电表提供工作电源。
电路装置8的LCD显示模块88包括安装在壳体1上的LCD显示屏；按键模块89包括安装在壳体1上的按键。LCD显示模块88的LCD显示屏用于正常工作时显示用户的用电量以及剩余电流超限时的报警信息的显示。按键模块89上的按键用于电力用户查阅用电量信息等与智能电表的交互。
通信模块87本实施例中，优选包括红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口。红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口分别设有对内通信端和对外通信端；红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口的对内通信端共同构成前述的通信模块87的对内通信端；红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口的对外通信端共同构成前述的通信模块87的对外通信端。通信模块87的红外通信接口用于工作人员现场设置参数和读取表内数据。RS485通信接口和载波通信接口主要用于与供电部门的监控后台通信。
本实施例的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，其工作原理和工作过程简述如下：
本实施例的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，其使用时，相线电流回路由相线电流采样电阻4、继电器3和相线5组成；相线电流从接线端子座2的第一接线端子21流入、第二接线端子22流出；相线电流信号由相线电流采样电阻4上取得。
零线电流回路由零线6构成，零线电流从接线端子座2的第四接线端子24流入，第三接线端子23流出。
剩余电流信号由剩余电流采样互感器7取得。
电网电压采样及用电量计算为现有智能电表的现有技术。
电网电压采样信号、相线电流采样信号、剩余电流采样信号送到电路装置8的信号处理模块82进行放大处理后，经A/D转换模块83转换成相应的数字信号，一路送电能计量模块84进行实时电量计算。单片机处理模块85实时接收A/D转换模块83和电能计量模块84上传的电网电压值、相线电流值、剩余电流值、电网频率、功率因素、用电量等信息；单片机处理模块85通过相线电流值、剩余电流值、电网频率、功率因素等参数，计算出零线电流值，供监控后台判断用户是否正常用电及是否存在窃电行为。单片机处理模块85将电网电压、相线电流、零线电流、剩余电流、用电量等信息进行存储并发给LCD显示模块88的LCD显示屏进行实时显示，通过通信模块87的载波通信接口或RS485接口发送到监控后台供用电信息采集系统进行统计分析；同时，单片机处理模块85将用户线路上的实时剩余电流值与预置的剩余电流报警阀值进行比较：若实时剩余电流值超过预置的报警阀值，则通过LCD显示模块88的LCD显示屏向用户进行报警，并通过载波通信接口或者RS485通信接口主动上报给 监控后台；同时对本次剩余电流超限报警事件进行记录，以监控后台进行统计查询。监控后台通过对剩余电流超限报警事件的统计分析，可以对用户电路中可能发生的剩余电流超限进行预测，并通过载波通信接口或RS485通信接口向本用户智能电表发出信息，由智能电表向用户进行提前预警。必要时，监控后台通过电路装置8可远程控制继电器3切断用户的电源，以防火灾等恶性事件的发生。
综上，本实施例的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，可以实现对用户线路中的剩余电流进行实时测量、记录，当检测的剩余电流超过预置的报警阀值时能够自动报警，并形成剩余电流超限报警事件记录；所有的剩余电流测量数据和记录可通过RS485、载波等通信接口上传到监控后台的数据采集系统，由监控后台对所有用户的剩余电流事件进行统计分析，并最终对用户的剩余电流事件进行预警；而且，其只需要在现有的智能电表上进行改进，改进成本不高，且不影响现有电能表的功能和外形尺寸，便于大面积推广。
以上实施例是对本发明的具体实施方式的说明，而非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变换和变化而得到相对应的等同的技术方案，因此所有等同的技术方案均应该归入本发明的专利保护范围。
工业应用性
本发明具有积极的效果：
(1)本发明的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，可以实现对用户线路中的剩余电流进行实时测量、记录，当检测的剩余电流超过预置的报警阀值时能够自动报警，并形成剩余电流超限报警事件记录；所有的剩余电流测量数据和记录可通过RS485、载波等通信接口上传到监控后台的数据采集系统，由监控后台对所有用户的剩余电流事件进行统计分析，并最终对用户的剩余电流事件进行预警。
(2)本发明的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，在现有的智能电表上进行改进，改进成本不高，且不影响现有电能表的功能和外形尺寸，便于大面积推广。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种可测量剩余电流的智能电表，包括壳体(1)、接线端子座(2)、相线(5)、零线(6)；所述的接线端子座(2)包括第一接线端子(21)、第二接线端子(22)、第三接线端子(23)和第四接线端子(24)；接线端子座(2)固定安装在壳体(1)上；相线(5)和零线(6)安装在壳体(1)内；零线(6)的一端与第三接线端子(23)电连接；零线(6)的另一端与第四接线端子(24)电连接；其特征在于：还包括继电器(3)、相线电流采样电阻(4)、剩余电流互感器(7)和电路装置(8)；
    所述的继电器(3)、相线电流采样电阻(4)和剩余电流互感器(7)均设置在壳体(1)内；
    相线电流采样电阻(4)的一端与第一接线端子(21)电连接；相线电流采样电阻(4)的另一端与继电器(3)电连接；相线(5)的一端与第二接线端子(22)电连接；相线(5)的另一端与继电器(3)电连接；零线(6)与相线(5)相靠近，且零线(6)与相线(5)相靠近处折弯成口字形；剩余电流互感器(7)设于相线(5)和零线(6)相靠近处，且相线(5)和零线(6)穿过剩余电流互感器(7)；
    所述的电路装置(8)包括电压采样模块(81)、信号处理模块(82)、A/D转换模块(83)、电能计量模块(84)、单片机处理模块(85)、继电器控制模块(86)、通信模块(87)、LCD显示模块(88)、按键模块(89)和电源模块(80)；
    电路装置(8)的电压采样模块(81)、信号处理模块(82)、A/D转换模块(83)、电能计量模块(84)、单片机处理模块(85)、继电器控制模块(86)、通信模块(87)和电源模块(80)设置在壳体(1)内；
    电压采样模块(81)设有信号输出端；信号处理模块(82)设有电压采样信号输入端、相线电流采样信号输入端、剩余电流信号输入端和信号输出端；A/D转换模块(83)设有信号输入端、第一信号输出端和第二信号输出端；电能计量模块(84)设有信号输入端和信号输出端；单片机处理模块(85)设有采样信号输入端、用电量信号输入端、继电器控制信号输出端、通信端、显示信号输出端和按键信号输入端；继电器控制模块(86)设有信号输入端和控制信号输出端；通信模块(87)设有对内通信端和对外通信端；LCD显示模块(88)设有信号输入端；按键模块(89)设有信号输出端；
    信号处理模块(82)的电压采样信号输入端、相线电流采样信号输入端和剩 余电流信号输入端分别与电压采样模块(81)的信号输出端、相线电流采样电阻(4)和剩余电流互感器(7)对应电连接；A/D转换模块(83)的信号输入端与信号处理模块(82)的信号输出端电连接；电能计量模块(84)的信号输入端与A/D转换模块(83)的第一信号输出端信号电连接；单片机处理模块(85)的采样信号输入端与A/D转换模块(83)的第二信号输出端信号电连接；单片机处理模块(85)的用电量信号输入端与电能计量模块(84)信号输出端信号电连接；继电器控制模块(86)的信号输入端与单片机处理模块(85)的继电器控制信号输出端信号电连接；继电器控制模块(86)的控制信号输出端与继电器(3)的控制端电连接；通信模块(87)的对内通信端与单片机处理模块(85)的通信端双向信号电连接；LCD显示模块(88)的信号输入端与单片机处理模块(85)的显示信号输出端信号电连接；按键模块(89)的信号输出端与单片机处理模块(85)的按键信号输入端信号电连接；电源模块(80)提供工作电源。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，其特征在于：所述的电路装置(8)的通信模块(87)包括红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口；红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口分别设有对内通信端和对外通信端；红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口的对内通信端共同构成所述的通信模块(87)的对内通信端；红外通信接口、RS485通信接口和载波通信接口的对外通信端共同构成所述的通信模块(87)的对外通信端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，其特征在于：所述的电路装置(8)的LCD显示模块(88)包括安装在壳体(1)上用于显示用电量、实时剩余电流值以及剩余电流超限时报警信息的LCD显示屏；按键模块(89)包括安装在壳体(1)上供用户查阅信息交互用的按键。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可测量剩余电流的智能电表，其特征在于：所述的继电器(3)为JML82型磁保持继电器；剩余电流互感器(7)为HLTY1型电流互感器；相线电流采样电阻(4)为锰铜采样电阻。
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