WO2016068827A1

WO2016068827A1 - System for producing a digital image within a specified spectral range

Info

Publication number: WO2016068827A1
Application number: PCT/UA2014/000121
Authority: WO
Inventors: Олексий Мыколайовыч ХОМИЧ
Original assignee: Олексий Мыколайовыч ХОМИЧ
Priority date: 2014-10-30
Filing date: 2014-11-06
Publication date: 2016-05-06

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of optoelectronic technology and can be used for producing video cameras, photo cameras and various optoelectronic devices. The proposed system for producing a digital image within a specified spectral range consists of the following, consecutively arranged along the path of incoming optical radiation: a light stream splitting unit, light-sensitive elements and an electronic information processing unit connected to the latter. The light stream splitting unit comprises a matrix of light valves and a converging lens. Furthermore, the system additionally comprises a diverging lens, a dispersion prism and a matrix of parallel light valves, wherein the control input of the matrix of parallel light valves and the outputs of the light-sensitive elements are connected to the inputs of the electronic information processing unit.

Description

System for obtaining digital images in a given

spectral range

The utility model relates to the field of optoelectronic technology and can be used to create video cameras, cameras and various optoelectronic devices.

To determine the spectral range of the recorded input optical radiation by a CCD sensor (English - Couple-Charged Device) or a sensor or photomatrix (the main part of a digital camera or other device) that detects the light incident on it, it is determined by the sensitivity of a single photosensitive element, which modern devices, as a rule, consists of several constituent elements (photodiode, photoresistor, etc.) above each, of which a light filter is installed, allowing only o one of three colors: red, green, blue or yellow, purple, turquoise. The signals from the constituent elements are summed, on the basis of which the color of the light radiation incident on the photosensitive element (image pixel) is formed.

The disadvantage of this scheme is that:

- the light beam incident on the element is conventionally divided into three for the design object for each component element responsible for receiving light in a given range of the spectrum (through the use of a light filter), respectively, the luminosity of the photosensitive element is reduced by three times;

- to obtain an image in a certain spectral range of the input optical radiation or exclusion from the image a certain interval of the spectral range of the input optical radiation, it is necessary to use a filter or several filters, this affects both the image quality and the decrease in the aperture ratio of the device;

- the size of the photosensitive elements of the photomatrix is determined as the ratio of the size of the photomatrix to the number of photosensitive elements located on it, since the size of the photomatrix is limited by the dimensions of the device to increase its resolution (number of photosensitive elements), it is necessary to reduce the area of an individual photosensitive element, which leads to a decrease in the amount of light it collects and reducing the photosensitivity of the photomatrix as a whole. Accordingly, to increase the resolution of the photomatrix without decreasing its photosensitivity, it is necessary to increase its size (device dimensions);

- also, the constructive feature of the photomatrix is the heterogeneity of the photosensitive elements located on it (it is technically impossible to create a photomatrix with absolutely identical photosensitive elements), which leads to fluctuations of its parameter such as “black level” due to the fact that the signal value of each photosensitive element in the absence of light incident on the photomatrix is different (the so-called FM noise).

Thus, the disadvantages of the photomatrix (and hence the devices built on its basis) are:

- the impossibility of increasing the resolution of the photomatrix without losing its photosensitivity while maintaining its size;

- noise of the photomatrix due to the heterogeneity of the photosensitive elements; - limited characteristics of photosensitive elements due to the reduction of their size for integration into the photomatrix.

The prior art optical system (Patent US N_> 6870690, IPC G02B 15/00, G02B 13/14, publ. March 22, 2005), based on the use of a single lens or optical system for imaging in two different optical ranges. A single lens or optical system is used for an image formed in two different spectral ranges, for example in the ranges of visible and infrared light. A dual-band singlet is formed from the first, larger optical element used to work with the first spectral range. The smaller element is used to work with the second spectral range and inside the equipment, cutting it from the first component, thus forming a dual-band singlet that can operate at two different wavelengths. This system does not allow you to get an image in a certain (set) range of a digital image.

The utility model is based on the task of developing a system for obtaining a digital image in a given spectral range, in which, by means of new design changes, it is possible to change the boundaries of a given spectral interval (s) and the light flux intensity of a given interval (s), and at the same time it is possible to selectively exclude from the generated image, the necessary spectral interval (s) with the possibility of changing their boundaries and the intensity of the light flux.

The problem is solved by the fact that the proposed system for obtaining digital images in a given spectral range, consisting of sequentially located along the input optical radiation of the light separation unit, the photosensitive elements and the electronic information processing unit connected to them, in which, according to a utility model, the light flux separation unit contains a light shutter matrix collecting a lens, in addition, the system further comprises a diffusing lens, a dispersion prism and a parallel light shutter matrix, moreover, the control input of the matrix of parallel light gates and the outputs of the photosensitive elements are connected to the inputs of the electronic unit work information. The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 schematically shows a system for obtaining a digital image in a given spectral range, Figs. 2A, 2B, 2B, 2G and 2D show an example of separation of the input light flux by a light beam matrix in Fig. 3 Fig. 4A shows the contents of the memory of an electronic unit, and Fig. 4B shows an example of generating an image of an input image by an electronic unit, Fig. 5 shows a matrix p of parallel light shutters, FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a system according to a first embodiment of a utility model, FIG. bA shows a diagram of a first image pixel, and FIG. BB shows a diagram of a second image pixel in a first embodiment, FIG. 7 a system diagram according to a second embodiment of the utility model, FIG. 7A shows a diagram of a first image pixel, and FIG. 7B shows a diagram of a second image pixel in accordance with a second embodiment.

The proposed system for obtaining a digital image in a given spectral range consists of sequentially located along the input optical radiation of the light flux separation unit 1, the scattering lens 2, the dispersion prism 3, and the matrix of parallel light shutters 4, the photosensitive elements 5, and the control input of the matrix of parallel light shutters 4 and the outputs of the photosensitive elements 5 are connected to the inputs of the electronic information processing unit 6.

The input light beam passing through the separation unit 1 is divided into a matrix of light beams constituting it, the number of which corresponds to the resolution of the device. Next, the separation unit 1 sequentially projects each light beam onto a scattering lens 2, which changes the direction of the incident light beams in such a way that they are all projected at one point onto the dispersion prism 3. Passing through the dispersion prism, the light beam due to the phenomenon of light dispersion, are converted into a diverging beam of light, and projected onto a matrix of parallel light shutters 4. When passing through a matrix of parallel light shutters 4, the light beam is divided into a matrix of components e about light beams, the number of which is equal to the number of gates of the matrix of parallel light gates 4. Depending on the current mode of operation of the matrix of parallel light gates 4, the required light beams are transmitted, which are projected onto the photosensitive elements 5. The photosensitive elements 5 convert the light beam projected onto it into an electric one a signal that determines the color characteristics and brightness of the light beam (the pixel of the original image is formed), after which the electric signal enters the electric throne block 6, where it will be saved for subsequent processing. After the electronic unit 6 receives all the data for all the light beams of the matrix of light beams, it generates a picture of the original image based on the stored data.

On figa-D shows an example of separation by the separation unit 1 of the input light flux into a matrix of light beams, which consists of four light beams (2 rows, 2 columns) that correspond to an image of four pixels (2 rows, 2 columns) and a sequential projection of the obtained light beams onto photocell 3.

In Fig. 2A, the separation unit 1 is inactive (does not transmit light to the scattering lens 2, the original image is completely projected onto it). In Fig.2B, 2B, 2G and 2D, the separation unit 1 sequentially projects the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th pixels onto the scattering lens.

Fig. 3 shows an example of a matrix separation of parallel light shutters 4 of a white light beam into a matrix consisting of 8 components of light beams. The matrix of parallel light shutters 4 can block the passage of any light beam, depending on the current mode of operation of the device.

Figures 4A and 4B show an example of the generation by an electronic unit 4 of a picture of a source image of 2x2 pixels in size based on color and brightness data of 4 light beams stored by it in its memory. On figa shows the contents of the memory of the electronic unit 4 with the scan data of 4 light beams (brightness, color, serial number of the light flux is designated I, II, III, IV). On Figb shows the generation by the electronic unit 4 of the image size of 2x2 pixels, based on the scan data of 4 light beams stored in its memory.

Photosensitive elements can consist of several components of photocells (such as a photodiode, photoresistor, etc.), each of which is configured to receive a specific light beam (or group of light beams), which makes it possible to use different photocells, each of which is optimized for receiving light radiation in a given frequency range of the spectrum.

Figure 5 shows a matrix of parallel light shutters, in which the light shutters are made in the form of parallel horizontal b plates. Designations are introduced, where 7 are active shutters (do not let light through), 8 is an inactive shutter (light passes through it unhindered), 9 are projections of a strip of light passing through an inactive shutter.

The utility model is explained by specific implementation examples. Example 1

The separation unit 1 consists (see FIG. 6) of a matrix of light shutters 10, the plane of which is perpendicular to the input light flux, then a collecting lens 11 is located, consisting of one or more lenses, depending on the design features of the device.

Behind the separation unit 1 is a scattering lens 2, it is located in the focus of the collecting lens 11. The scattering lens 2 projects the outgoing light flux onto one of the sides of the dispersion prism 3 (the angle of incidence of the light flux is calculated from the design features of the used prism). Passing through the dispersion prism 3, the light beam is converted into a diverging light beam projected onto the matrix of parallel light shutters 4, which is perpendicular to the optical axis of the light beam projected onto it, the rows of shutters are oriented parallel to the lines of the spectrum of the light beam. Closing certain gates, the matrix of parallel light gates 4 can block the passage of specific light beams, each of which corresponds to a certain range of the spectrum, the number of gates is determined by the design of the device. Further along the light beam parallel to the matrix of parallel light shutters 4 are light-sensitive elements 5. The control input of the matrix of light shutters and the output of the photosensitive elements are connected to the electronic information processing unit 6.

FIXED SHEET (RULE 91) ISA / RU The electronic unit 6 controls the activity of all the shutters on the matrix 10 of the light shutters and the matrix of parallel light shutters 4, that is, it opens / closes any shutter. At the beginning of the process of obtaining data by the electronic unit 6, initial initialization is performed by closing all the gates of the matrix of light gates 10 by it and opening all the gates of the matrix of parallel light gates 4. Depending on the current operating mode, the electronic unit 6 closes certain layers of the matrix of parallel light gates 4 to block the hit light waves of a specific range on the photosensitive elements 5. To obtain information from the first light beam (1st image pixel), the electronic unit 6 from covers the first shutter 12 of the matrix 10 of light shutters (see Fig. bA), the input light flux passing through it turns into the 1st selected light beam, which, passing through the collecting lens 11, is projected onto the diffusing lens 3. The diffusing lens 3 projects the light the beam to the dispersion prism 3, passing through it, it turns into a diverging light beam, which is projected onto the matrix of parallel light shutters 4. The matrix of parallel light shutters 4 turns the diverging light beam into a matrix of lights x beams, blocking necessary light beams, after which the matrix of light beams projected onto the photosensitive elements 5, are converted into an electrical signal with information about the brightness and color of the first pixel of image information is supplied to the electronic unit 6 for further processing.

Further, to obtain information of the second light beam (2nd image pixel), the electronic unit 6 closes the first shutter 12 on the matrix 10 of the light shutters and opens the second shutter 13 (see Fig. BB). The input light flux passing through the second shutter is converted to the 2nd the selected light beam, which, passing through the collecting lens 11, the scattering lens 2, the dispersion prism 3 and the matrix of light shutters 4, is also projected onto the photosensitive elements 5, where it is converted into an electrical signal with information about the brightness and color of the second image pixel, which then also arrives into the electronic unit 6 for further processing.

The number of light beams in the matrix of light fluxes (resolution of the device) is equal to:

K = K1 * K2, where:

K1 is the number of rows of shutters in the matrix of light shutters,

K2 - the number of columns of gates in the matrix of light gates.

Thus, the electronic unit 6 controlling the matrix of 1 1 light shutters receives information about all the light beams of the matrix of light fluxes, after which it processes the stored information and generates a picture of the original image as shown previously in Figures 4A and 4B.

The electronic unit 6 controlling the shutters on the matrix of parallel light shutters 4 can receive images in a certain spectral range excluding (by blocking the corresponding shutter (shutters) on the matrix of light shutters 1 1) light waves of the required range.

Example 2.

The luminous flux separation unit 1 consists (see Fig. 7) of a matrix of parallel light shutters 14, the surface of which is perpendicular to the input luminous flux, then a cylindrical collecting lens 15 is located, consisting of one or more lenses depending on the design features of the device (the simplest embodiment flat convex cylindrical lens).

Behind the separation unit is a cylindrical scattering lens 16, it is located in the focus of the cylindrical collecting lens 15. The cylindrical scattering lens 16 projects the outgoing light flux onto one side of the dispersion prism 3 (the angle of incidence of the light flux is calculated from the design features of the used prism). Passing through the dispersion prism 3, the luminous flux is converted into a divergent luminous flux, which is projected onto the matrix of parallel light shutters 4, which is perpendicular to the optical axis of the light flux projected onto it, the rows of shutters are oriented parallel to the lines of the spectrum of the light flux. Closing certain gates of the matrix of parallel light gates 4 it is possible to block the passage of specific light beams, each of which corresponds to a certain range of the spectrum, the number of gates is determined by the design of the device. Further along the light beams, photosensitive elements 5 are located parallel to the matrix of parallel light shutters 4, each photosensitive element is separated from the neighboring screen 17. The control input of the matrix of parallel light shutters 4, the matrix of parallel light shutters 14 and the output of all photosensitive elements are connected to the electronic information processing unit 6 .

The electronic unit 6 controls the activity of all the shutters on the matrix of parallel light shutters 4 and the matrix of parallel light shutters 14, that is, any shutter can be opened / closed by it. At the beginning of the data acquisition process, the electronic unit 6 carries out initial initialization by closing all the gates on the matrix of parallel light gates 14 and opening all the gates of the matrix of parallel light gates 4. Depending on the current mode the operation of the electronic unit 6 closes certain layers of the matrix of parallel light shutters 4 to block the passage of light waves of a specific range on the photosensitive elements 5. To obtain information of the first light flux (1st image pixel) (see Fig. 7A), the electronic unit 6 opens the first shutter 18 of the matrix of parallel light shutters 14, the input light flux passing through it will turn into the first light beam, which, passing through the cylindrical collecting lens 15, is projected onto the cylindrical beam a scattering lens 16. A cylindrical scattering lens 16 projects a light beam onto a dispersion prism, passing through which it turns into a diverging light beam, which projects onto a matrix of parallel light shutters 4. The matrix of parallel light shutters 4 turns a diverging light beam into a matrix of light beams, blocking the necessary light beams, after which the matrix of light beams is projected onto the photosensitive elements. The light beam, projected onto the first light element, corresponds to the first pixel of the current image row, after conversion into an electrical signal with information about the brightness and color of the first image pixel, the information is transmitted to the electronic unit 6 for subsequent processing. This is how data is obtained for all photosensitive elements of the current row (data for all image pixels of the current row).

Further, to obtain information of the second row of the image (see Fig. 7B), the electronic unit 6 closes the first shutter 18 on the matrix of parallel light shutters 14 and opens the second shutter 19. The incoming light flux passing through the second shutter 19 will turn into a second light beam, after which it is carried out data processing for all photosensitive elements is similar as described previously. The resolution of the device is:

K = K1 * K2, where:

K1 - the number of rows of shutters in the matrix of parallel light shutters

fourteen.

K2 is the number of photosensitive elements.

Thus, the electronic unit controlling the matrix of parallel light shutters 14 receives information about all the light beams of the matrix of light beams, after which it processes the stored information and generates a picture of the original image as shown previously in Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B.

The electronic unit 6 controlling the shutters on the matrix of parallel light shutters 4 can receive images in a certain spectral range excluding (by blocking the corresponding shutter (shutters) on the matrix of parallel light shutters 14) light waves of the required range.

The proposed utility model can be used to create video cameras, cameras, and various optoelectronic devices.

Claims

Formula

A system for obtaining a digital image in a given spectral range, consisting of a light flux separation unit, photosensitive elements and an electronic information processing unit connected to them, successively arranged along the input optical radiation, characterized in that the light flux separation unit comprises a light shutter array collecting an objective , in addition, the system further comprises a scattering lens, a dispersive prism and a matrix of parallel light shutters, m input control gate matrix of parallel light and outputs the light-sensitive elements are connected to inputs of the electronic data processing unit.