WO2016058550A1 - 一种超高速机械开关 - Google Patents

一种超高速机械开关 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016058550A1
WO2016058550A1 PCT/CN2015/092028 CN2015092028W WO2016058550A1 WO 2016058550 A1 WO2016058550 A1 WO 2016058550A1 CN 2015092028 W CN2015092028 W CN 2015092028W WO 2016058550 A1 WO2016058550 A1 WO 2016058550A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
insulating
conductive metal
ultra
speed mechanical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/092028
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程铁汉
张友鹏
马志华
胡延涛
孙珂珂
门博
赵晓民
刘畅
Original Assignee
国家电网公司
平高集团有限公司
华北电网有限公司
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Application filed by 国家电网公司, 平高集团有限公司, 华北电网有限公司 filed Critical 国家电网公司
Publication of WO2016058550A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016058550A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/66—Power reset mechanisms
    • H01H71/68—Power reset mechanisms actuated by electromagnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ultra-high speed mechanical switch for a DC circuit breaker.
  • Multi-terminal direct current transmission based on flexible direct current transmission technology has been used more and more in Europe, North America, China and other countries and regions.
  • multi-terminal DC transmission systems due to the lack of DC circuit breakers, The reliability, flexibility and continuity of multi-terminal HVDC transmission are greatly limited, which causes serious obstacles to its popularization and application, and also has a great impact on the construction of DC grid in the future.
  • the lack of high-voltage DC circuit breakers has become a bottleneck affecting the world's construction of the future DC grid, and its development work is imminent.
  • the existing mechanical switch operating mechanism of the circuit breaker is mostly a spring operating structure and a hydraulic operating mechanism, and the breaking time is several tens of milliseconds, and it is impossible to open the circuit breaker in such a short time, which cannot satisfy the super circuit. High-speed mechanical switch closing time requirements.
  • the Chinese invention patent application with the publication number CN102214522A discloses a permanent magnet operating mechanism for high and low voltage switches with an air opening buffer device, and the moving iron core and the air chamber of the permanent magnet operating mechanism constitute an air opening buffer device
  • the movable iron core compresses the air in the air cavity when moving at a high speed along the axis thereof in the air cavity, and the compressed air has a reaction force against the moving iron core to form a buffer, wherein the moving iron core and the air cavity of the permanent magnet operating mechanism There is a gap between the inner hole walls, and the compressed air can overflow from the gap.
  • the lower end of the movable iron core is fixed with a piston panel, and the piston panel is provided with a vent hole, and the movable iron core When the air is compressed, the gas can be discharged from the vent hole.
  • the permanent magnet operating mechanism has a gap between the movable iron core and the inner wall of the gas chamber when the moving iron core is opened, and a vent hole is arranged on the piston panel at the lower end of the moving iron core, so that the air hole is opposite to the moving iron
  • the core has a limited buffer and cannot meet the buffering requirements of the ultra-high-speed mechanical switch. It is easy to damage the operating mechanism due to mechanical shock caused by the buffer failure.
  • An ultra-high-speed mechanical switch includes an insulating housing, and an electromagnetic operating mechanism for driving a switching lever opening and closing movement is disposed inside the insulating housing, and the electromagnetic operating mechanism includes a moving iron core connected to the switch pull rod And a sealing cavity for reciprocating movement of the iron core to complete the opening and closing, the moving iron core is respectively in a closing position and a opening position when moving to both ends of the sealing cavity, and the moving iron core is a sealing cavity Isolated as a two-part moving disk, the circumferential cavity wall of the sealing cavity is provided at a closing position or near a closing position to provide a through hole for accessing the buffer medium inside and outside the sealing cavity.
  • the sealing cavity is composed of two insulating blocks which are respectively butted together on the butt end faces, and the moving disk is sealed and slidingly matched with the groove groove wall of the insulating block, and the electromagnetic operating mechanism is used for driving the moving disk.
  • the two coils are respectively fixed to the bottoms of the grooves of the two insulating blocks, and the through holes are arranged next to the two end faces of the coils close to each other.
  • the two insulating blocks are fixedly butted by a fixing sleeve sleeved on the outer circumference of the insulating block, and the two opposite ends of the insulating block are provided with an outer flange which is matched with the inner hole of the fixing sleeve, and both ends of the fixing sleeve Stop faces for blocking the clamping of the two insulating blocks are respectively provided.
  • the wall of the fixing sleeve is provided with a hole penetrating the wall of the cylinder.
  • the spring retaining mechanism includes two limit springs symmetrically disposed on two sides of the fixed sleeve axis.
  • the ends of the switch pull rod are respectively limited.
  • the end of the switch rod is respectively hinged with a connecting block pressed against one end of the limit spring near the axis of the fixed sleeve, and the other end of the limit spring is provided for adjusting the limit spring pre-compression The amount of adjustment device.
  • Two limiting springs are respectively disposed in the two limiting sleeves, the connecting block is slidably assembled in the limiting sleeve, and the adjusting device comprises an adjusting bolt screwed on the bottom of the limiting sleeve, the adjusting One end of the bolt extending into the bottom of the limit sleeve is connected to the adjusting pressure plate which is pressed against the end of the limit spring, and the adjusting bolt can be screwed to adjust the pre-compression of the limit spring.
  • the two sides of the spring holding mechanism are respectively provided with blocking blocks for blocking the movement stroke of the limit switch lever.
  • the ultra-high speed mechanical switch further includes a switch break, the switch contact of the switch break includes a contact body, and the contact body is sequentially arranged with a conductive metal member along the movement, between each adjacent two conductive metal members Insulating at a spaced position, the conductive metal member has a span length that satisfies two conditions: first, in the closing position, the conductive metal member on the contact body can bridge the contact body Adjacent two conductive metal members on the adapted contact body; secondly, at the opening position, at least one end of the conductive metal member on the contact body is located adjacent to the contact body with which it is adapted At a spaced position between the conductive metal members.
  • the conductive metal members on the contact body are sequentially insulated by an insulating connecting member, and the conductive metal member and the insulating connecting member are both tubular.
  • Each of the conductive metal members on the contact body has the same structure, and each of the insulating connectors on the contact body The structures are all the same, and the length of the conductive metal member is greater than the length of the insulating connector.
  • the moving disc of the ultra-high speed mechanical switch of the invention isolates the sealing cavity into two parts, and there is no gap between the sliding mating surface of the moving disc and the sealing cavity, and the moving disc drives the switch lever to compress the moving direction when the opening and closing movement is performed.
  • the gas in the sealed chamber of the side can be discharged through the through hole by the through hole at the opening and closing position of the sealing chamber or the peripheral wall at the position close to the opening and closing position, and the compressed gas can be discharged through the through hole.
  • the reaction force of the compressed gas on the moving plate is greatly reduced, so that the switch rod can be opened and closed at a high speed, and when the moving plate is about to move to the opening and closing position, the outer circumference of the moving plate will gradually block the peripheral wall of the sealing cavity.
  • the through hole is so that the amount of the compressed gas discharged from the through hole is gradually reduced, the pressure of the gas is increased unprecedentedly, and the reaction force to the moving plate is sharply increased, thereby effectively buffering the moving plate and avoiding the pair of the moving plate Sealing the impact at both ends of the cavity, and at the same time, since the through hole is opened at the closing position of the sealing cavity or close to the opening and closing position, the gas-to-sport disk buffering process is only from the movement
  • the outer circumference begins to block the movement plate to completely block the movement plate, which enables the switch lever to leave the closing position at high speed under the driving of the moving plate, and quickly buffers to minimize the speed when moving to the opening position.
  • the buffer stroke is shorter and the braking effect is better.
  • the housing is relatively combined by two insulating block slots, which effectively prevents the current in the coil from electromagnetically affecting the external metal parts, and improves the conversion efficiency of the electric energy and the kinetic energy, and the two coils are respectively fixed in two
  • the groove bottom of the groove of the insulating block, the moving disk is located between the coils and is slidably fitted in the groove, and the coil and the moving plate are located in the insulating buffer cavity, thereby avoiding damage due to collision of other components.
  • one end of the transmission rod is connected with a spring holding mechanism, which effectively keeps the switch rod in a stable closing position after the opening and closing movement is completed, and the spring holding mechanism has a simple structure, instead of the design of the conventional magnetic holding mechanism. In addition to the simple structure, it also has a high maintenance reliability.
  • the bottom of the limit sleeve of the opening and closing holding mechanism is provided with an adjusting bolt, and the pre-compression amount of the limit spring can be adjusted by screwing the adjusting bolt, thereby adjusting the retaining size of the limit spring to the switch rod.
  • the oppositely disposed blocking blocks on both sides of the spring holding mechanism effectively block the movement of the switch lever and block the switch lever at the opening and closing position, thereby further effectively preventing the high speed movement of the motion plate and causing the sealing cavity to be The mechanical impact of the coil.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an ultra-high speed mechanical switch according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the electromagnetic operating mechanism I of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the first switch lever of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the second switch lever of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the switch break II at the opening position
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the switch break II when the switch position is closed
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the switch break at the opening position of the second embodiment
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the switch break at the closing position of the third embodiment
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the switch break at the opening position of the third embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1-6 An embodiment of an ultra-high speed mechanical switch of the present invention: as shown in FIGS. 1-6, comprising a sealed insulating cylinder 1, the inner space C of the insulating cylinder 1 is filled with high-pressure sulfur hexafluoride gas, and the insulating cylinder
  • the two ends of the 1 are respectively sealed and connected to the electromagnetic operating mechanisms I and III having the same structure, and the electromagnetic operating mechanisms I and III are respectively connected to the switch rods 191 and 192 extending along the axial direction of the insulating cylinder 1 and the switch rod 191
  • the first and second switch contacts are respectively disposed at two ends of the 192, and the first conductive end A and the second conductive end B are respectively sealed on the outer peripheral wall of the insulating cylinder 1, and the first conductive end A and The second conductive ends B are located in the same plane of the axis of the insulating cylinder and are respectively disposed at two sides of the insulating cylinder 1, and the first conductive end A and the second conductive end
  • the specific structure of the electromagnetic operating mechanism 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 2, and includes a transmission rod 19 extending along the axis of the insulating cylinder.
  • the right end of the transmission rod 19 is coaxially fixedly connected with the switch rod 191, and the transmission rod 19 is fixed.
  • There is a moving plate 90 the plane of the moving plate 90 is perpendicular to the driving rod 19, and the left and right sides of the moving plate 90 are respectively provided with two insulating blocks 61, 62.
  • the insulating blocks 61 and 62 have the same structure, and the insulating blocks 61 and 62 respectively Grooves having opposite openings and openings toward the moving plate 90 are provided.
  • the grooves on the insulating blocks 61, 62 are matched with the outer circumference of the moving plate 90, and the groove bottoms of the grooves are respectively fixed with the first coil 91 and the second coil 92.
  • the outer diameters of the first and second coils 91, 92 are the same as the outer diameter of the moving plate 90 and coincide with the groove diameter of the groove.
  • the first and second coils 91, 92 are both parallel to the moving plate 90 and located on the moving plate 90.
  • the groove wall of the groove of the insulating block 61, 62 near the groove bottom is uniformly distributed with a radially extending through hole 610 in the circumferential direction, and all the through holes are located in the same circumferential plane perpendicular to the axis, wherein the through hole
  • the quantity can be arranged according to actual needs.
  • the left and right ends of the transmission rod 19 pass through the first and second coils 91 and 92 and the insulating blocks 61 and 62, respectively, and the transmission rod 19 is slidably engaged with the first and second coils 91 and 92 and the insulating blocks 61 and 62.
  • a sealing ring 600 for sealing is provided in the hole of the 61, 62 sliding engagement with the driving rod 19, and the insulating blocks 61, 62 are open and fixedly mounted in the metal fixing sleeve 21, and the two opposite insulating blocks 61, 62 are relatively far apart.
  • the outer peripheral faces of the ends are respectively provided with outer flanges having the same diameter and equal to the inner diameter of the fixing sleeve 21, between the two outer flanges of the insulating blocks 61, 62, the insulating blocks 61, 62 There is a certain flow passage for the buffer medium to flow between the outer peripheral surface and the inner wall surface of the fixed sleeve 21.
  • the grooves of the two insulating blocks constitute an insulating cavity
  • the right end of the fixing sleeve 21 has a barrel for blocking the insulating block 61.
  • a bottom flange having an outer flange for connecting
  • a left side open end of the fixing sleeve 21 is connected with a metal fixing seat 4
  • the fixing seat 4 is a left and right extending cylinder
  • the two ends are respectively provided with connecting flanges 41 and 42.
  • the connecting flange 41 is connected to the outer flange of the fixing sleeve 21 by screws, and the flange surface of the connecting flange 41 is pressed against the left end surface of the insulating block 62.
  • the connecting flange 41 and the right bottom of the fixing sleeve 21 cooperate with each other to press and fix the insulating blocks 61 and 62 together.
  • the blocking surface of the right end of the fixing sleeve is provided by the right bottom of the cylinder.
  • it can also be realized by bolting a stop plate at the right end of the fixing sleeve.
  • the first and second coils 91 and 92 and the side walls of the insulating blocks 61 and 62 are enclosed to form a buffer chamber 7.
  • the left and right ends of the transmission rod 19 respectively protrude from the flange surface of the fixing seat 4 and the cylinder of the fixing sleeve 21.
  • the bottom is sealed and slidably engaged with the center hole of the flange surface and the bottom of the cylinder, and the movable disc 90 fixed on the transmission rod 19 can be reciprocally slid in the synthetic buffer chamber 7 to the left and right sides of the synthetic buffer chamber 7 to realize the opening and closing, and the fixing sleeve
  • the wall of the circumference of the cylinder 21 is evenly provided with a long hole 211 and has a grid shape, which greatly reduces the weight of the fixing sleeve, and the whole device is lighter.
  • the inner space of the insulating casing is filled with high-pressure sulfur hexafluoride, and the high-pressure sulfur hexafluoride gas acts as a buffer medium, and the high-pressure gas can fill the buffer cavity through the elongated hole 211, and the strip
  • the hole 211 can also allow the gas in the buffer chamber 7 to be discharged into the outer sealed space of the fixing sleeve after being discharged from the through hole during the movement of the moving plate.
  • the wall of the fixing sleeve can be opened. Holes of other shapes or other arrangements, or the wall of the sleeve of the fixing sleeve, are not opened.
  • the hole enters the buffer chamber.
  • the right side of the fixed sleeve 21 is uniformly provided with a long hole 212 around the transmission rod 19, and the bottom of the tube is further provided with an outlet hole for the wire 101 connected to the first and second coils 91, 92. Hole 212 reduces the weight of the entire device.
  • the end portion of the connecting rod 41 extending from the connecting flange 41 of the fixing base 4 is provided with a top block 18 which is perpendicular to the transmission rod 19 and symmetrically extends up and down with the transmission rod 19, and the side wall of the fixing seat 4 is provided with a closing and closing
  • the holding structure 5 directly fixes the opening and closing holding mechanism on the fixing seat to make the structure simpler.
  • the opening and closing holding mechanism 5 includes two limiting sleeves 50 which are vertically symmetrically disposed on the side wall of the fixing base 4, two The core of the limiting sleeve 50 is in the same plane as the top block 18. The open ends of the two limiting sleeves 50 are flush with the inner wall surface of the cylindrical fixing seat 4, and the two limiting sleeves 50 are respectively limited.
  • the outer circumference of the limiting spring 51 is matched with the inner hole of the limiting sleeve 50 to avoid the radial displacement of the limiting spring in the sleeve.
  • the limiting sleeve 50 is also slidably fitted with the slider 52, and the limit is fixed.
  • the spring is located between the slider 52 and the bottom of the limiting sleeve 50. One end of the two sliders 52 is pressed against one end of the limiting spring 51, and the other end passes through the connecting block 17 and the upper and lower ends of the top block 18, respectively.
  • the limiting spring 51 of the limiting sleeve 50 is further provided with an adjusting bolt 53 at the bottom of the limiting sleeve 50.
  • the adjusting bolt 53 is screwed with the threaded hole of the bottom of the adjusting sleeve 50, and the adjusting bolt 53 is inserted into the cylinder.
  • An adjusting platen 54 is connected to one end of the bottom. The adjusting platen 54 is pressed against the end of the limiting spring 51, and the length of the adjusting bolt 53 extending into the bottom of the cylinder can be adjusted to adjust the length of the limiting spring 51.
  • a first stop block 122 is disposed on a flange surface of the connecting flange 41 of the fixing base 4 on a side of the connecting rod 19
  • the first blocking block 122 has two upper and lower sides symmetrically disposed on the upper and lower sides of the driving rod 19 and located on the right side of the top block 18.
  • the upper and lower first blocking blocks 122 respectively correspond to the upper and lower ends of the top block 18, respectively.
  • the first stopping block 122 is used to limit the farthest position of the blocking top block 18 to the right, that is, the closing stroke;
  • the second blocking block is further provided at the center of the inner hole of the fixing base 4 121, the second stop block 121 is located on the left side of the top block 18, and the second stop block 121 is used to block the farthest distance of the limit top block 18 to the left when the drive rod 19 moves to the left, that is, the opening stroke.
  • the connecting flange 42 of the fixing base 4 is connected with a metal cover plate 3, and the connecting plate 110 is connected with a connecting terminal 110 by screws.
  • the connecting terminal 110 is injection-molded with a wire 100 connected to the pulse power source 10, and the pulse power source 10 is fixedly arranged at the wiring.
  • the pulse power supply 10 is disposed at one end of the metal fixing base 4 to reduce the line inductance, improve the power conversion efficiency, and at the same time make the entire mechanism structure more compact.
  • the actual factor can be adjusted to the installation position of the pulse power supply.
  • the wire 100 is directly connected to the two first and second coils 91, 92, so that the energization line can be minimized, and the resistance and inductance generated by the excessive length of the wire are prevented from affecting the pulse current.
  • the switch break II of the embodiment of the ultra-high speed mechanical switch of the present invention comprises a first switch pull rod 191 and a second switch pull rod 192.
  • the structure of the first switch pull rod 191 is as shown in FIG. 3, and includes a transmission rod for the electromagnetic operating mechanism I.
  • the connecting portion 1911 is connected to the connecting portion 1911 coaxially with the insulating connecting rod 1912, the two insulating connecting rods 1912 are connected with the switch contacts, the switch contacts are coaxially connected with the insulating connecting rod 1912, and the switch contacts are made of five conductive metals.
  • the tube and the four-segment insulated connecting tube are connected in sequence, and the tubular structure greatly reduces the weight of the switch contact, and greatly increases the acceleration of the opening and closing movement of the switch rod under a certain driving force of the opening and closing, further reducing the minute Closing time, of course, in other embodiments, a solid cylindrical conductive metal member and a solid cylindrical insulating connecting member may be respectively used instead of the conductive metal tube and the insulating connecting tube, and the switch contacts on the first switch rod
  • the specific number of conductive metal members and insulating connectors can also be selected as desired.
  • the five-section conductive metal tube has the same diameter
  • the four-section insulated connecting tube has the same diameter
  • the length of the five-section conductive metal tube is greater than the length of the four-stage insulated connecting tube
  • the right end of the insulating connecting rod 1912 is connected with the left end of the conductive metal tube 1913, 1913
  • the right end is connected to other conductive metal tubes and insulating connecting tubes in sequence, as shown in the figure, the connecting relationship between the insulating connecting tube 1914 and the conductive metal tube 1915; the structure of the second switching rod 192 is as shown in FIG.
  • the structure and the second switching rod 192 are Corresponding to a switch lever 191, comprising a connecting portion 1921 for connecting with a transmission rod of the electromagnetic operating mechanism III, an insulating link 1922 coaxially connected to the connecting portion 1921, and a switch contact connected to the two insulating links 1922
  • the switch contact is coaxially connected with the insulated connecting rod 1922.
  • the switch contact is sequentially connected by four conductive metal tubes and three insulating connecting tubes.
  • the switch contacts on the first switch rod The specific number of conductive metal members and insulating connectors can also be selected as desired.
  • the conductive metal tube and the insulating connecting tube on the second switch rod have the same shape as the conductive metal tube and the insulating connecting tube on the first switch rod, and the left end of the insulating link 1922 is connected to the right end of the conductive metal tube 1923, and the left end of the 1923 Connecting other conductive metal tubes and insulating connecting tubes in sequence, as shown in the figures 1924, 1925 and 1926;
  • the inner diameter of the metal conductive tube on the second switch pull rod 192 is exactly equal to the outer diameter of the metal conductive tube on the first switch pull rod 191, and the switch contact on the first switch pull rod 191 can just be inserted into the second switch pull rod 192. Inside the switch contacts.
  • the conductive metal tube 1913 on the first switch rod 191 is electrically connected to the pull rod connecting seat 4a of the first conductive end A.
  • the pull rod connecting seat 4a has a connecting sleeve extending in the axial direction of the switch rod and a vertical setting.
  • a shielding ring 5a is respectively disposed at two ends of the connecting sleeve, and a connecting sleeve of the connecting rod 4a is sleeved on the outer circumference of the conductive metal tube 1913 on the first switch rod 191, and the rod is connected
  • the connecting port of the seat 4a is electrically connected to the conductive tube 3a by a spring contact.
  • the other end of the conductive tube 3a is electrically connected to the electrical connection 2a fixed in the middle of the insulating basin 1a by a spring contact.
  • the second switch lever The conductive metal tube 1923 on the 192 is electrically connected to the tie rod connection seat 4b of the second conductive end B.
  • the tie rod connection seat 4b also has a connection sleeve extending in the axial direction of the switch rod and a connection port vertically disposed in the middle of the connection sleeve.
  • a shielding ring 5b is disposed at both ends of the sleeve, and a connecting sleeve of the pull rod connecting seat 4b is sleeved on the outer circumference of the conductive metal tube 1923 of the second switch rod 192 and is matched and matched, and the connecting rod is connected 4b the connection port electrically connected to the conductive pipe 3b, the other end of the conductive contact through the guide tube 3b is electrically connected to a spring fixed in the middle of the insulating basin 1b 2b are connected by electrical contact spring guide.
  • the principle of the ultra-high speed switch embodiment of the present invention realizes the opening and closing of the following: the first switch pull rod 191 and the second switch pull rod 192 are close to or away from each other under the driving of the electromagnetic operating mechanism, and the first switch pull rod 191 and the second switch pull rod
  • the conductive metal segments on the switch contacts on 192 have two positional relationships.
  • the conductive metal portion of the first switch pull rod 191 sequentially spans the conductive metal portion of the switch contact on the second switch pull rod 192, as shown in FIG.
  • the first switch pull rod 191 and the second switch pull rod 192 form a conductive path, and the current can be conducted from the first conductive end A to the second conductive end B, that is, the switch is closed;
  • Second type when the conductive metal segment on the switch contact on the first switch pull rod 191 moves to the same axial position as the conductive metal segment on the switch contact on the second switch pull rod 192, the first switch pull rod 191 and Second open
  • the conductive metal segment and the insulating connecting portion on the tie rod 192 are axially identical and spaced apart, as shown in FIG. 5, 1913 and 1915 are separated by 1914, and 1915 and 1924 are separated by 1925.
  • a current loop that does not form a conduction between the switch lever 191 and the second switch lever 192 is a switch opening. It should be noted that in the motion stroke of the first switch lever 191 and the second switch lever 192, the first switch The conductive metal segment 1913 of the pull rod 191 is always electrically connected to the pull rod connection seat 4a of the first conductive end A, and the conductive metal portion 1923 of the second switch rod 192 is always electrically connected to the pull rod connection seat 4b of the second conductive end B.
  • the working process of the electromagnetic operating mechanism of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: when the brake is opened, the driving rod 19 is in the closing position, that is, the top block 18 on the driving rod is located at the rightmost end of the moving stroke, and the moving disc is located in the closed insulating cavity. Rightmost, The pulse power source 10 energizes the first coil 91, and the moving disk 90 generates an induced eddy current.
  • the induced eddy current is opposite to the current direction of the first coil 91, and a repulsive force is generated between the moving disk 90 and the first coil 91, so that the moving disk 90 drives the transmission rod 19
  • the switch lever 191 is moved to the left, wherein the movement process of the drive rod is divided into two stages: the first stage, due to the presence of the through hole 610, the high pressure on the side of the movement direction of the motion plate 90 at the initial stage of the movement of the motion plate 90
  • the gas can be discharged from the through hole, and the force of the high pressure gas on the moving plate is not large and constant, and the high speed opening and closing movement of the transmission rod is ensured, and the switching time of the switch is not affected during use; the second stage, The moving plate 90 moves to the left to the through hole.
  • the outer circumference of the moving plate gradually blocks the through hole until the through hole is completely blocked.
  • the high pressure gas is discharged from the through hole.
  • the aperture is getting smaller and smaller, the discharge of the high-pressure buffer gas is less and less, the reaction force of the gas on the motion plate 90 is getting larger and larger, and the buffering force on the motion disk is getting larger and larger, so that the speed of the motion disk is increased.
  • the limit spring in the opening and closing holding mechanism is in the early stage of the movement of the moving plate, the top block 18 approaches the limit sleeve, the limit spring is compressed, and the top block moves to the left in the switch rod When the sleeve is restrained, the limit spring is extended.
  • the limit spring applies a retaining force to the top block to keep the switch lever in the open position; At this time, the pulse power source 10 energizes the second coil 92, and a repulsive force is generated between the second coil 92 and the motion plate 90, and the movement of the switch lever is reversed.
  • the electromagnetic operating mechanism includes two coils for driving the moving disc to open and close, respectively.
  • the electromagnetic operating mechanism may employ a permanent magnet mechanism in which a coil and a permanent magnet are used together.
  • the housing is composed of two insulating blocks that are butted together and provided with grooves on the abutting end faces.
  • the housing may pass through the barrel insulating block and block the opening of the barrel insulating block.
  • the stop seal plate is formed. At this time, the first and second coils are respectively disposed on the bottom of the insulating block and the stopper sealing plate.
  • the two insulating blocks are fixedly coupled by the fixing sleeve and enclosed by the first and second coils to form a buffer cavity for reciprocating the left and right of the moving disk.
  • two insulating blocks are used. It is also possible to achieve clamping and fixing by means of clamping plates provided on the left and right sides of the two insulating blocks.
  • the inner hole of the fixing sleeve is prevented from contacting the outer flange of the two ends of the insulating block.
  • the outer ends of the insulating block may not have an outer flange, and the outer circumference of the insulating block may be fixed with the fixing sleeve.
  • the inner hole is matched and matched.
  • the hole in the wall of the fixing sleeve needs to communicate with the through hole in the insulating block, so that the gas in the sealed cavity formed by the insulating block can be discharged through the through hole and the hole in the fixing sleeve. And enter.
  • the buffer medium is high pressure sulfur hexafluoride, and in other embodiments, it may be high pressure oil.
  • the through hole on the insulating block needs to be connected to the oil tank, and the structure of the embodiment is complicated.
  • the fixed seat is provided with a opening and closing holding mechanism, and the opening and closing holding mechanism adopts a spring holding mechanism.
  • the opening and closing holding mechanism may not be provided, and other types of points may be set.
  • Closing holding mechanism such as an electromagnetic holding mechanism.
  • the limit spring is mounted in the limit sleeve, and the bottom of the limit sleeve is screwed with the adjusting bolt.
  • the limit spring can be sleeved on the outer circumference of the hollow cylinder, and the end of the drive rod A circular tube having a blocking edge on the outer circumference is hinged, and the round tube is sleeved on the hollow cylinder, and the stopping edge is stopped at the end of the limiting spring.
  • the movement of the driving rod drives the circular tube to slide on the hollow cylinder, thereby compressing or relaxing the limit.
  • the spring, the other end of the hollow cylinder can be threaded, and a screw is screwed.
  • the outer circumference of the screw is provided with a baffle for stopping the end of the limit spring, and the screw can adjust the pre-compression of the limit spring.
  • the first seat and the second block for stopping the movement of the limit switch lever opening and closing are provided on the fixing seat.
  • the blocking block may not be provided, and the moving plate may be omitted.
  • the high-speed motion smashes the first and second coils, and the first and second coils may be provided with reinforcing members, or the first and second blocking blocks may be disposed on other fixed structures fixed to the fixed sleeve.
  • the spring retaining mechanism is disposed on the fixing base and located between the fixing sleeve and the connecting terminal. In other embodiments, the spring retaining mechanism may be disposed on other fixing members fixed to the housing.
  • the conductive metal members of the switch contacts are sequentially connected by the insulating connecting members.
  • the first switch contacts may be provided with conductive metal rings at intervals on the outer circumference of one insulating post.
  • the second switch contact may be formed by sequentially arranging a conductive metal ring on the inner wall of one insulating tube, and the outer peripheral surface of the conductive metal ring on the first switch contact coincides with the outer peripheral surface of the conductive metal ring on the second switch contact.
  • the lengths of the conductive metal members of the first and second switch contacts are equal, and the lengths of the insulating connectors are also equal.
  • the length of the conductive metal members on the first switch contacts may not be Equal to the length of the conductive metal member on the second switch contact
  • the length of the insulating connector on the first switch contact may not be equal to the length of the insulating connector on the second switch contact, as long as the first switch contact is satisfied
  • the length of the conductive metal member is greater than the length of the insulating connecting portion on the second switch contact and the length of the conductive metal member on the second switch contact is greater than the length of the insulating connecting member on the first switch contact, such as Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the mechanical switch of this embodiment when it is opened, and Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the mechanical switch of this embodiment when it is closed.
  • the first and second switch contacts are all round tubular.
  • the inner hole shape may be a quadrilateral or a triangle or a hexagon.
  • the two sets of switch rods in the ultra-high speed switch of the embodiment of the invention all use a tubular structure, not only in the opening and closing movement In the process, the performance of the heart is better, and the overall weight of the switch rod is greatly reduced.
  • the two switch rods are not prone to relative offset or deformation during the movement, which ensures the stability of the opening and closing, and the first switch rod
  • the outer diameter of the conductive metal member is just equal to the inner diameter of the conductive metal member of the second switch pull rod.

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Abstract

一种超高速机械开关，包括绝缘壳体(1)，绝缘壳体内部设有用于驱动开关拉杆(191,192)分合闸运动的电磁操动机构，电磁操动机构包括与开关拉杆传动连接的动铁芯(90)以及供动铁芯往复运动完成分合闸的密封腔体，动铁芯在运动至密封腔体两端时分别处于合闸位置和分闸位置，动铁芯为将密封腔体隔绝为两部分的运动盘，密封腔体的周向腔壁上于分合闸位置或靠近分合闸位置处设有连通密封腔体内外的、用于进出缓冲介质的通孔(610)。该超高速机械开关能够在开关拉杆分合闸运动时对其进行有效缓冲，避免机械冲击。

Description

一种超高速机械开关 技术领域
本发明涉及一种直流断路器用超高速机械开关。
背景技术
基于柔性直流输电技术的多端直流输电在欧洲、北美、中国等国家和地区得到越来越多的应用，尽管目前世界上已有数个多端直流输电系统投入了运行，但由于缺乏直流断路器，使得多端高压直流输电的可靠性、灵活性、连续性受到很大的限制，对其推广应用造成了严重障碍，也对未来直流电网的构建带来了极大的影响。高压直流断路器的缺乏已经成为影响世界构建未来直流电网的瓶颈问题，其研制工作已迫在眉睫。
目前柔性直流及多端直流输电系统发生故障时，会产生很大的短路电流，并且故障电流上升非常快，需要直流断路器在极短的时间内完成开断。就电压等级为320kV直流侧电流上升速度为3.5kA/ms，假定正常运行线路上电流值为2kA，2ms后线路上的短路电流可以达到9kA，即一个能开端9kA电流的高压直流断路器必须在2ms的时间内快速动作，切断电流。然而，现有的断路器机械开关操动机构多为弹簧操动结构、液压操动机构，其开断时间为几十毫秒，均无法实现在如此短的时间内开断断路器，不能满足超高速机械开关的分合闸时间要求。
公告号为CN102214522A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种带空气分闸缓冲装置的高、低压开关用永磁操动机构，该永磁操动机构的动铁芯与空气腔组成空气分闸缓冲装置，动铁芯在空气腔中沿其轴线高速运动时压缩空气腔中的空气，压缩空气对动铁芯具有反作用力，从而形成缓冲，其中该永磁操动机构的动铁芯与空气腔的内孔壁之间存在间隙，被压缩的空气能够从该间隙中溢出，该操动机构同径机构中，动铁芯的下端固定有活塞面板，活塞面板上设有泄气孔，在动铁芯运动压缩空气时，气体能够从泄气孔中排出。这种永磁操动机构在动铁芯分闸运动时，由于动铁芯和气体腔的内壁之间具有间隙，同时，动铁芯下端的活塞面板上设有泄气孔，这样气孔对动铁芯的缓冲有限，不能满足超高速机械开关的缓冲要求，很容因缓冲失效产生机械冲击而造成操动机构损坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在开关拉杆分合闸运动时，能够有效缓冲开关拉杆的机械冲击的超高速机械开关。
本发明的超高速机械开关采用如下技术方案：
一种超高速机械开关，包括绝缘壳体，所述绝缘壳体内部设有用于驱动开关拉杆分合闸运动的电磁操动机构，所述电磁操动机构包括与开关拉杆传动连接的动铁芯以及供动铁芯往复运动完成分合闸的密封腔体，所述动铁芯在运动至密封腔体两端时分别处于合闸位置和分闸位置，所述动铁芯为将密封腔体隔绝为两部分的运动盘，所述密封腔体的周向腔壁上于分合闸位置或靠近分合闸位置处设有连通密封腔体内外的、用于进出缓冲介质的通孔。
所述密封腔体由两个对接在一起的、对接端面上分别设有凹槽的绝缘块组成，运动盘与绝缘块的凹槽槽壁密封滑动配合，电磁操动机构的用于驱动运动盘的两个线圈分别固设于两个绝缘块的凹槽底部，所述通孔紧挨线圈相互靠近的两个端面设置。
两个绝缘块通过套在绝缘块外周的固定套筒固定对接，两个绝缘块相对远离的两端设有与固定套筒的内孔吻合配合的外凸缘，所述固定套筒的两端分别设有用于挡止夹紧两个绝缘块的挡止面。
所述固定套筒的筒壁上设有贯通筒壁的孔。
所述固定套筒的一端设有弹簧保持机构，所述弹簧保持机构包括两个对称设于固定套筒轴线两侧的限位弹簧，在分合闸位置时，开关拉杆的端部分别位于限位弹簧的轴线两侧，所述开关拉杆的端部分别铰接有按压在限位弹簧靠近固定套筒轴线的一端的连接块，所述限位弹簧的另一端设有用于调节限位弹簧预压缩量的调节装置。
两个限位弹簧分别设于两个限位套筒内，所述连接块滑动装配于限位套筒中，所述调节装置包括旋装在限位套筒的底部的调节螺栓，所述调节螺栓伸进限位套筒底部的一端连接顶压在限位弹簧端部的调节压板，旋拧调节螺栓可以调节对限位弹簧的预压缩。
所述弹簧保持机构的两侧分别相对间隔设有用于挡止限位开关拉杆运动行程的挡止块。
所述超高速机械开关还包括开关断口，所述开关断口的开关触头包括触头本体，所述触头本体沿运动依次间隔设有导电金属件，每相邻两个导电金属件之间的间隔位置处绝缘，所述导电金属件具有跨接长度，该跨接长度满足两个条件：第一，在合闸位置时，该触头本体上的导电金属件能够跨接与该触头本体适配的触头本体上的相邻两个导电金属件；第二，在分闸位置时，该触头本体上的导电金属件的至少一端位于与其适配的触头本体上的相邻两个导电金属件之间的间隔位置处。
所述触头本体上的导电金属件通过绝缘连接件依次绝缘间隔，所述导电金属件和绝缘连接件均为管状。
所述触头本体上的各个导电金属件结构均相同，所述触头本体上的各个绝缘连接件 结构均相同，且导电金属件的长度大于绝缘连接件的长度。
本发明的超高速机械开关的运动盘将密封腔体隔绝为两个部分，运动盘和密封腔体的滑动配合面不存在间隙，运动盘带动开关拉杆做分合闸运动时压缩其运动方向一侧的密封腔体内的气体，由于密封腔体的分合闸位置或靠近分合闸位置处的周壁上设有连通密封腔体内外的通孔，被压缩的气体能够通过通孔排出，这样就大大减小了被压缩的气体对运动盘的反作用力，使开关拉杆能够高速的分合闸，而在运动盘即将运动到分合闸位置时，运动盘的外周会逐渐封堵密封腔体周壁上的通孔，这样被压缩的气体从通孔中排出的量逐渐减少，气体的压力空前增大，对运动盘的反作用力急剧增大，起到对运动盘的有效缓冲，避免运动盘对密封腔体两端的冲击，同时，由于通孔开设于密封腔体的分合闸位置或靠近分合闸位置处，气体对运动盘缓冲过程仅仅为从运动盘的外周开始封堵运动盘到完全封堵运动盘这一过程，这样能够使开关拉杆在运动盘的带动下高速的离开合闸位置，并在移动到分闸位置时快速缓冲使速度降到最低，缓冲行程较短，制动效果较好。
进一步地，壳体通过两个绝缘块槽口相对组合而成，有效地避免了线圈中的电流对外部金属部件产生电磁影响，提高了电能和动能的转换效率，两个线圈分别固设在两个绝缘块的凹槽的槽底，运动盘位于线圈之间且滑动装配在凹槽内，线圈和运动盘均位于绝缘的缓冲腔体内，避免了因碰撞其他元件的损坏。
进一步地，传动拉杆的一端连接有弹簧保持机构，有效地保持了开关拉杆在分合闸运动完成之后稳定的处于分合闸位置，且弹簧保持机构结构简单，代替了常规的磁力保持机构的设计，在结构简单的同时，也具有较高的保持可靠性。同时，分合闸保持机构的限位套筒底部设有调节螺栓，通过旋拧调节螺栓可以调节限位弹簧的预压缩量，从而调节限位弹簧对开关拉杆的保持大小。
进一步的，弹簧保持机构的两侧相对间隔设置的挡止块有效的挡止开关拉杆运动，并将开关拉杆挡止在分合闸位置处，进一步有效避免运动盘高速运动而造成对密封腔体内的线圈的机械冲击。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种超高速机械开关的实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1中电磁操动机构Ⅰ的放大图；
图3为图1中第一开关拉杆的结构示意图；
图4为图1中第二开关拉杆的结构示意图；
图5为分闸位置时开关断口Ⅱ的结构示意图；
图6为合闸位置时开关断口Ⅱ的结构示意图；
图7为实施例二的分闸位置时开关断口处的示意图；
图8为实施例三的合闸位置时开关断口处的示意图；
图9为实施例三的分闸位置时开关断口处的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种超高速机械开关的实施例：如图1-6所示，包括密封的绝缘筒体1，绝缘筒体1的内部空间C中充满有高压六氟化硫气体，绝缘筒体1的两端分别相对间隔密封连接有结构相同的电磁操动机构Ⅰ和Ⅲ，电磁操动机构Ⅰ和Ⅲ分别传动连接有沿绝缘筒体1轴线方向延伸的开关拉杆191和192且开关拉杆191和192的相互靠近的两端分别设有第一、第二开关触头，绝缘筒体1的外周壁上分别密封连接有第一导电端A和第二导电端B，第一导电端A和第二导电端B位于过绝缘筒体轴线的同一平面内且分别设于绝缘筒体1的两侧，第一导电端A和第二导电端B分别与开关拉杆191和192上的开关触头导电连接，电磁操动机构Ⅰ和Ⅲ分别驱动开关拉杆191和192相对运动实现分合闸。
本发明实施例的电磁操动机构Ⅰ的具体结构如图2所示，包括沿绝缘筒体轴线延伸的传动拉杆19，传动拉杆19的右端与开关拉杆191同轴固定连接，传动拉杆19上固定有运动盘90，运动盘90所在平面与传动拉杆19垂直，运动盘90的左右两侧分别相对设有两个绝缘块61、62，绝缘块61、62结构相同，绝缘块61、62上分别设有开口相对且开口均朝向运动盘90的凹槽，绝缘块61、62上的凹槽与运动盘90的外周吻合且凹槽的槽底分别固设有第一线圈91和第二线圈92，第一、第二线圈91、92的外径与运动盘90的外径相同且与凹槽的槽径吻合，第一、第二线圈91、92均与运动盘90平行且位于运动盘90的两侧，绝缘块61、62的凹槽的靠近槽底的槽壁上周向均布有径向延伸的通孔610，所有的通孔位于垂直于轴线的同一圆周面内，其中，通孔的数量可以根据实际需要布置。传动拉杆19的左右两端分别穿过第一、第二线圈91、92以及绝缘块61、62，传动拉杆19与第一、第二线圈91、92以及绝缘块61、62滑动配合，绝缘块61、62的与传动拉杆19滑动配合的孔中设有用于密封的密封圈600，绝缘块61、62开口相对并固定安装在金属固定套筒21中，绝缘块61、62的相对远离的两端的外周面上分别设有外凸缘，这两个外凸缘直径相等且等于固定套筒21的内孔直径，在绝缘块61、62的两个外凸缘之间，绝缘块61、62的外周面和固定套筒21的内壁面之间具有一定的供缓冲介质流通的流动通道，两个绝缘块的凹槽组成一个绝缘空腔，固定套筒21右端具有挡止绝缘块61的筒底，左侧开口处具有用于连接的外法兰，固定套筒21的左侧开口端连接有金属固定座4，固定座4为左右延伸的筒 状，且其两端分别设有连接法兰41、42，连接法兰41通过螺钉与固定套筒21的外法兰连接且连接法兰41的法兰面顶压在绝缘块62的左端面，连接法兰41与固定套筒21的右侧筒底相互配合将绝缘块61、62压紧固定在一起，本实施例中，固定套筒右端的挡止面由右侧筒底提供，在其他实施例中，也可以通过螺栓连接在固定套筒右端的挡止板来实现。第一、第二线圈91、92和绝缘块61、62的侧壁共同围合形成缓冲腔7，传动拉杆19的左右两端分别伸出固定座4的法兰面和固定套筒21的筒底且与法兰面和筒底的中心孔密封滑动配合，传动拉杆19上固定的运动盘90能够在绝缘块61、62对合成的缓冲腔7内左右往复滑动实现分合闸，固定套筒21的圆周筒壁上均匀设有长条孔211且呈格栅状，这样大大降低了固定套筒的重量，是整个装置更加轻便。另外需要说明的是，在使用时绝缘壳体的内部空间中充满高压六氟化硫，高压的六氟化硫气体充当缓冲介质，高压气体能够通过长条孔211充满缓冲腔体，同时长条孔211还可以使缓冲腔7内的气体在运动盘运动时由通孔排出后能够排到固定套筒的外部密封空间内，当然，在其他实施例中，固定套筒的筒壁上可以开设其他形状或其他排列方式的孔，或者固定套筒的筒壁不开孔，此时，运动盘运动方向一侧的通孔排出的气体可以通过流动通道从背向运动盘运动方向一侧的阻尼孔中进入缓冲腔。固定套筒21的右侧筒底上绕传动拉杆19均匀设有长孔212，且筒底上还设有供与第一、第二线圈91、92连接的导线101出线的出线孔，通过设置长孔212降低了整个装置的重量。
传动拉杆19伸出固定座4的连接法兰41的端部设有顶块18，顶块18垂直于传动拉杆19且对称与传动拉杆19上下延伸，固定座4侧壁上设有分合闸保持结构5，直接将分合闸保持机构固定在固定座上使得结构更简单，分合闸保持机构5包括上下对称设于固定座4的侧壁上的两个限位套筒50，两个限位套筒50的筒心与顶块18位于同一平面，两个限位套筒50的开口端与筒状固定座4的内壁面平齐，两个限位套筒50中分别套装有限位弹簧51，限位弹簧51的外周与限位套筒50的内孔吻合配合，避免了限位弹簧在套筒内径向偏移，限位套筒50内还滑动装配有滑块52，限位弹簧位于滑块52和限位套筒50的筒底之间，两个滑块52的一端面顶压在限位弹簧51的一端，另一端分别通过连接块17与顶块18的上下两端铰接，在传动拉杆19左右水平移动时上下两个滑块52分别上下滑动并挤压和放松上下两个限位套筒50中的限位弹簧51，限位套筒50的筒底还装有调节螺栓53，调节螺栓53与调节套筒50筒底的螺纹孔螺纹配合，调节螺栓53伸入筒底的一端连接有调节压板54，调节压板54顶压在限位弹簧51的端部，调整调节螺栓53伸入筒底的长度可以实现对限位弹簧51长度的调节。
固定座4的连接法兰41的法兰面上于传动拉杆19伸出的一侧设有第一挡止块122， 第一挡止块122有两个且对称设于传动拉杆19的上下两侧并位于顶块18的右侧，上下两个第一挡止块122分别对应于顶块18的上下两端，在传动拉杆19向右运动时第一挡止块122用于限制挡止顶块18向右移动的最远位置，即合闸行程；固定座4的内孔中心处还设有第二挡止块121，第二挡止块121位于顶块18的左侧，在传动拉杆19向左移动时第二挡止块121用于挡止限位顶块18向左移动的最远距离，即分闸行程。固定座4的连接法兰42连接有金属盖板3，盖板3上通过螺钉连接有接线端子110，接线端子110中注塑包裹有与脉冲电源10连接的导线100，脉冲电源10固定设在接线端子110的左侧，将脉冲电源10设于金属固定座4的一端有利于减小线路感抗，提高电能转换效率，同时使整个机构结构更紧凑，当然，在其他实施例中，考虑到其他实际因素可以适当调整脉冲电源的安装位置。导线100直接与两个第一、第二线圈91、92连接，这样可以使得通电线路最短，避免因导线过长而产生的电阻和电感对脉冲电流产生影响。
本发明超高速机械开关实施例的开关断口Ⅱ包括第一开关拉杆191和第二开关拉杆192，第一开关拉杆191的结构如图3所示，包括用于与电磁操动机构Ⅰ的传动杆连接的连接部1911，连接部1911同轴连接有绝缘连杆1912，两个绝缘连杆1912上连接开关触头，开关触头与绝缘连杆1912同轴连接，开关触头由五段导电金属管和四段绝缘连接管依次间隔相连组成，使用管状结构大大减轻了开关触头的重量，在一定的分合闸驱动力下大大提高了开关拉杆的分合闸运动加速度，进一步减小了分合闸时间，当然，在其他实施例中，可以用实心的圆柱形导电金属件和实心的圆柱形绝缘连接件分别对应代替导电金属管和绝缘连接管，第一开关拉杆上的开关触头的导电金属件和绝缘连接件的具体数量也可以根据需要设计选择。五段导电金属管直径相同，四段绝缘连接管直径相同，五段导电金属管的长度均大于四段绝缘连接管的长度，绝缘连杆1912的右端与导电金属管1913的左端连接，1913的右端依次连接其他导电金属管和绝缘连接管，如图中绝缘连接管1914和导电金属管1915的连接关系；第二开关拉杆192的结构如图4所示，第二开关拉杆192的结构与第一开关拉杆191相对应，包括用于与电磁操动机构Ⅲ的传动杆连接的连接部1921，连接部1921上同轴连接有绝缘连杆1922，两个绝缘连杆1922上连接有开关触头，开关触头与绝缘连杆1922同轴连接，开关触头由四段导电金属管和三段绝缘连接管依次间隔相连，相同的，在其他实施例中，第一开关拉杆上的开关触头的导电金属件和绝缘连接件的具体数量也可以根据需要设计选择。第二开关拉杆上的这些导电金属管和绝缘连接管的形状与第一开关拉杆上的导电金属管和绝缘连接管相同，绝缘连杆1922的左端与导电金属管1923的右端连接，1923的左端依次连接其他导电金属管和绝缘连接管，如图中1924、1925以及1926的连接关系；其 中第二开关拉杆192上的金属导电管的内径刚好等于第一开关拉杆191上的金属导电管的外径，第一开关拉杆191上的开关触头刚好能够插合在第二开关拉杆192的开关触头内。
本发明的实施例中，第一开关拉杆191上的导电金属管1913与第一导电端A的拉杆连接座4a导电连接，拉杆连接座4a具有沿开关拉杆轴线方向延伸的连接套管和垂直设于连接套管中部的连接端口，连接套管的两端分别设有屏蔽环5a，拉杆连接座4a的连接套管套装在第一开关拉杆191上的导电金属管1913外周且吻合配合，拉杆连接座4a的连接端口中通过弹簧触指导电连接有导电管3a，导电管3a的另一端通过弹簧触指导电连接于固设在绝缘盆子1a中部的电连接2a中，相同的，第二开关拉杆192上的导电金属管1923与第二导电端B的拉杆连接座4b导电连接，拉杆连接座4b同样具有沿开关拉杆轴线方向延伸的连接套管和垂直设于连接套管中部的连接端口，连接套管的两端设有屏蔽环5b，拉杆连接座4b的连接套管套装在第二开关拉杆192上的导电金属管1923外周且吻合配合，拉杆连接座4b的连接端口中通过弹簧触指导电连接有导电管3b，导电管3b的另一端通过弹簧触指导电连接于固设在绝缘盆子1b中部的电连接2b中。
本发明的超高速开关实施例实现分合闸的原理如下：第一开关拉杆191和第二开关拉杆192在电磁操动机构的驱动下相互靠近或远离，第一开关拉杆191和第二开关拉杆192上的开关触头上的导电金属段具有两种位置关系，第一种：在第一开关拉杆191上的开关触头上的导电金属段轴向运动到与第二开关拉杆192上的开关触头上的绝缘连接段轴向位置相同时，第一开关拉杆191上的导电金属段依次跨接第二开关拉杆192上的开关触头的导电金属段，如图6所示，1913、1926、1915、1924直到1923依次连通，此时，第一开关拉杆191和第二开关拉杆192形成导电通路，电流能够从第一导电端A导通至第二导电端B，即为开关合闸；第二种：在第一开关拉杆191上的开关触头上的导电金属段运动到与第二开关拉杆192上的开关触头上的导电金属段轴向位置相同时，第一开关拉杆191和第二开关拉杆192上的导电金属段和绝缘连接段轴向位置相同且依次隔开，如图5所示，1913和1915之间由1914隔开，1915和1924之间由1925隔开，此时，第一开关拉杆191和第二开关拉杆192之间不能形成导通的电流回路，即为开关分闸，需要说明的是，在第一开关拉杆191和第二开关拉杆192运动行程中，第一开关拉杆191的导电金属段1913始终与第一导电端A的拉杆连接座4a导电连接，第二开关拉杆192上的导电金属段1923始终与第二导电端B的拉杆连接座4b导电连接。
本发明实施例的电磁操动机构的工作过程如下：在分闸时，传动拉杆19处于合闸位置，即传动拉杆上的顶块18位于运动行程的最右端，运动盘位于封闭绝缘腔体的最右端， 脉冲电源10对第一线圈91通电，运动盘90产生感应涡流，感应涡流与第一线圈91的电流方向相反，运动盘90和第一线圈91之间产生斥力，从而运动盘90带动传动拉杆19进而带动开关拉杆191向左运动，其中，传动拉杆的运动过程分为两个阶段：第一阶段，由于通孔610的存在，在运动盘90的运动初期，运动盘90运动方向一侧的高压气体能够从通孔中排出，高压气体对运动盘的方作用力不大且不变，保证传动拉杆的高速分合闸运动，在使用时不会影响开关的分合闸时间；第二阶段，运动盘90向左运动到通孔处，随着运动盘的继续运动，运动盘的外圆周会逐渐封堵通孔直至完全封堵通孔，这段过程中，通孔的供高压气体排出的孔径越来越小，高压缓冲气体的排出量越来越少，气体对运动盘90的反作用力越来越大，对运动盘的缓冲制动力越来越大，使运动盘的速度逐渐减小，直至传动拉杆的顶块18与第二挡止块121接触停止运动，即完成分闸过程，通过这样的气体缓冲实现了该电磁操动机构在应用在快速开关中时，能够快速分闸，并在分闸完成之后的极短距离和时间内实现制动，避免运动盘与第一、第二线圈的碰撞。在整个分闸过程中，分合闸保持机构中的限位弹簧在运动盘的运动前期，顶块18向限位套筒靠近，限位弹簧被压缩，在开关拉杆带动顶块向左运动过限位套筒时，限位弹簧伸长，在开关拉杆运动到顶块与限位挡止快121接触时，限位弹簧会对顶块施加一个保持力，保持开关拉杆处于分闸位置；合闸时，脉冲电源10对第二线圈92通电，第二线圈92和运动盘90之间产生斥力，开关拉杆的运动过程相反。
上述实施例中，电磁操动机构包括两个分别用于驱动运动盘分闸和合闸的线圈，在其他实施例中，电磁操动机构可采用一个线圈和永磁体配合使用的永磁机构。
上述实施例中，壳体由两个对接在一起、且对接端面上设有凹槽的绝缘块组成，在其他实施例中，壳体可以通过桶状绝缘块和挡止在桶状绝缘块开口处的挡止密封板组成，此时，第一、第二线圈分别设于绝缘块的桶底和挡止密封板上。
上述实施例中，两个绝缘块通过固定套筒固定对合在一起并由第一、第二线圈围合形成一个供运动盘左右往复移动的缓冲腔，在其他实施例中，两个绝缘块还可以通过设于两个绝缘块左右两侧的夹紧板实现夹紧固定。
上述实施例中，固定套筒的内孔避免与绝缘块两端的外凸缘接触，在其他实施例中，绝缘块的两端可以不设外凸缘，绝缘块的外周可以与固定套筒的内孔吻合配合，此时，固定套筒的筒壁上的孔需要与绝缘块上的通孔相通，以使绝缘块组成的密封腔体内的气体能够通过通孔以及固定套筒上的孔排出和进入。
上述实施例中，缓冲介质为高压六氟化硫，在其他实施例中，可以为高压油，此 时，需要将绝缘块上的通孔与油罐连通，这种实施方式结构较为复杂。
上述实施例中，固定座上设有分合闸保持机构，且该分合闸保持机构采用弹簧保持机构，在其他实施例中，可以不设置分合闸保持机构，也可以设置其他类型的分合闸保持机构，如电磁保持机构。
上述实施例中，限位弹簧装在限位套筒中，限位套筒的底部旋装有调节螺栓，在其他实施例中，限位弹簧可以套在空心圆柱的外周，传动拉杆的端部铰接一个外周具有挡止沿的圆管，圆管套在空心圆柱上，挡止沿挡止在限位弹簧的端部，传动拉杆运动会带动圆管在空心圆柱上滑动，从而压缩或放松限位弹簧，空心圆柱的另一端内孔可以开设螺纹，螺旋连接一个螺杆，螺杆的外周设置用于挡止限位弹簧端部的挡板，旋拧螺杆可以调节限位弹簧的预压缩量。
上述实施例中，固定座上设有用于挡止限位开关拉杆分合闸运动行程的第一、第二挡止块，在其他实施例中，可以不设置挡止块，而为了避免运动盘高速运动撞坏第一、第二线圈，可以再第一、第二线圈上设置加固件，或者将第一第二挡止块设于其他与固定套筒相对固定的固定结构上。
上述实施例中，弹簧保持机构设于固定座上且位于固定套筒和接线端子之间，在其他实施方式中，弹簧保持机构可以设于其他与壳体相对固定的固定件上。
本实施例中，开关触头的导电金属件通过绝缘连接件依次间隔连接，在其他实施例中，第一开关触头可以采用在一根绝缘柱的外周依次间隔设置导电金属圈，同样的，第二开关触头可以采用在一根绝缘管的内壁依次间隔设置导电金属圈，第一次开关触头上的导电金属圈的外周面与第二开关触头上的导电金属圈的外周面吻合配合，如图7所示。
本实施例中，第一、第二开关触头的导电金属件长度均相等，绝缘连接件的长度也都相等，在其他实施例中，第一开关触头上的导电金属件的长度可以不等于第二开关触头上的导电金属件的长度，第一开关触头上的绝缘连接件的长度也可以不等于第二开关触头上的绝缘连接件的长度，只要满足第一开关触头上的导电金属件的长度大于第二开关触头上的绝缘连接段的长度以及第二开关触头上的导电金属件的长度大于第一开关触头上的绝缘连接件的长度即可，如图8所示即为这种实施方式的机械开关分闸时的示意图，图9所示即为这种实施方式的机械开关合闸时的示意图。
本实施例中，第一、第二开关触头均为圆管状，在其他实施例中，可以采用内孔形状为四边形或三角形或六边形等。
本发明实施例的超高速开关中的两组开关拉杆均使用管状结构，不仅在分合闸运动 过程中对心性能较好，同时大大减轻了开关拉杆的整体重量，两个开关拉杆在运动过程中也不容易发生相对偏移或变形，保证了分合闸的稳定性，第一开关拉杆的导电金属件的外径刚好等于第二开关拉杆的导电金属件的内径，在第一、第二开关拉杆相对运动实现合闸时，第一、第二导电金属件两端能够通过内外圆周面紧密接触，不仅具有较好的运动稳定性，还增大了通流面积，提升了通流能力。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超高速机械开关，包括绝缘壳体，所述绝缘壳体内部设有用于驱动开关拉杆分合闸运动的电磁操动机构，所述电磁操动机构包括与开关拉杆传动连接的动铁芯以及供动铁芯往复运动完成分合闸的密封腔体，所述动铁芯在运动至密封腔体两端时分别处于合闸位置和分闸位置，其特征在于，所述动铁芯为将密封腔体隔绝为两部分的运动盘，所述密封腔体的周向腔壁上于分合闸位置或靠近分合闸位置处设有连通密封腔体内外的、用于进出缓冲介质的通孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，所述密封腔体由两个对接在一起的、对接端面上分别设有凹槽的绝缘块组成，运动盘与绝缘块的凹槽槽壁密封滑动配合，电磁操动机构的用于驱动运动盘的两个线圈分别固设于两个绝缘块的凹槽底部，所述通孔紧挨线圈相互靠近的两个端面设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，两个绝缘块通过套在绝缘块外周的固定套筒固定对接，两个绝缘块相对远离的两端设有与固定套筒的内孔吻合配合的外凸缘，所述固定套筒的两端分别设有用于挡止夹紧两个绝缘块的挡止面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，所述固定套筒的筒壁上设有贯通筒壁的孔。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，所述固定套筒的一端设有弹簧保持机构，所述弹簧保持机构包括两个对称设于固定套筒轴线两侧的限位弹簧，在分合闸位置时，开关拉杆的端部分别位于限位弹簧的轴线两侧，所述开关拉杆的端部分别铰接有按压在限位弹簧靠近固定套筒轴线的一端的连接块，所述限位弹簧的另一端设有用于调节限位弹簧预压缩量的调节装置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，两个限位弹簧分别设于两个限位套筒内，所述连接块滑动装配于限位套筒中，所述调节装置包括旋装在限位套筒的底部的调节螺栓，所述调节螺栓伸进限位套筒底部的一端连接顶压在限位弹簧端部的调节压板，旋拧调节螺栓可以调节对限位弹簧的预压缩。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，所述弹簧保持机构的两侧分别相对间隔设有用于挡止限位开关拉杆运动行程的挡止块。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，所述超高速机械开关还包括开关断口，所述开关断口的开关触头包括触头本体，所述触头本体沿运动 依次间隔设有导电金属件，每相邻两个导电金属件之间的间隔位置处绝缘，所述导电金属件具有跨接长度，该跨接长度满足两个条件：第一，在合闸位置时，该触头本体上的导电金属件能够跨接与该触头本体适配的触头本体上的相邻两个导电金属件；第二，在分闸位置时，该触头本体上的导电金属件的至少一端位于与其适配的触头本体上的相邻两个导电金属件之间的间隔位置处。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，所述触头本体上的导电金属件通过绝缘连接件依次绝缘间隔，所述导电金属件和绝缘连接件均为管状。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的超高速机械开关，其特征在于，所述触头本体上的各个导电金属件结构均相同，所述触头本体上的各个绝缘连接件结构均相同，且导电金属件的长度大于绝缘连接件的长度。
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