WO2016051223A1 - Improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry - Google Patents

Improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016051223A1
WO2016051223A1 PCT/IB2014/002024 IB2014002024W WO2016051223A1 WO 2016051223 A1 WO2016051223 A1 WO 2016051223A1 IB 2014002024 W IB2014002024 W IB 2014002024W WO 2016051223 A1 WO2016051223 A1 WO 2016051223A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
extraction
improved
further characterized
piston
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2014/002024
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josefina ATILANO-SÁNCHEZ
Benito ARMENDARIZ-CANTÚ
Original Assignee
Cherry Select, S.A.P.I. De C.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cherry Select, S.A.P.I. De C.V. filed Critical Cherry Select, S.A.P.I. De C.V.
Priority to PCT/IB2014/002024 priority Critical patent/WO2016051223A1/en
Publication of WO2016051223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016051223A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/02—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level
    • F04B47/04—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level the driving means incorporating fluid means

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the design, construction and optimization of equipment used for the extraction of hydrocarbons in mature and / or marginal oil fields, and more particularly it is related to an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry .
  • the basic objective pursued by increasing the productivity of the deposits is to achieve an increase in the recovery of the hydrocarbons contained therein, thereby extending the useful life of the deposit and improving its profitability. Because mature deposits have a existing infrastructure, it is not necessary to make large investments in treatment and / or transport systems, which would be needed in new developments, or, to make a strong investment for drilling new wells.
  • One of the most significant examples of prior art extraction units is the mechanical pump or pump jack (for its translation into English), which consists of a long hammer-shaped beam, moved by an external power supply (motor electric and / or internal combustion).
  • a plurality of rods interconnected with each other and arranged longitudinally inside an extraction pipe is connected to one of the end ends of the beam.
  • a reciprocating pump formed by a piston that travels inside a barrel tube is connected to the plurality of rods at its lower end. As the terminal end of the beam rises, the plurality of rods transmits the movement and causes the plunger to rise; when the end of the beam descends, so does the piston.
  • the other end Beam terminal is connected to a motion transmission system, which is attached to the power supply, thus providing continuous oscillating movement of the beam.
  • the aforementioned extraction unit has several drawbacks: a previously cast concrete platform is required in place to position said unit; its installation in the workplace requires a large number of people and can take days; Its operating and maintenance costs are high and generate auditory, visual and environmental contamination in its surroundings.
  • the extraction unit described above has the disadvantage that the storage device that is responsible for recovering and / or extending the continuous body, is formed by a drum driven by an electric motor, where said device is outdated and requires significant space to operate correctly. Also, the elements of said configuration are exposed to premature wear of the continuous body, due to the constant friction generated by the friction of the surface of the drum and its travel on said continuous body.
  • US Patent No. 4,480,685 which describes an extraction unit comprising a submerged reciprocating pump that is mounted in a pipe arrangement that communicates with the wellhead; a string of rods which extends through the pipe arrangement and is connected to the pump; and, an arrangement of a pumping jacket and a filling box disposed on the well housing in the wellhead and including an arrangement of sealed rods in the filling case, which is connected to said rod string already
  • the extraction unit includes a hydraulic cylinder and support means that include a gimbal arrangement for supporting the hydraulic cylinder on the filling box, with the axis of the hydraulic cylinder rod aligned with the axis of said filling box.
  • Coupling means are provided to couple the hydraulic cylinder rod to the sealed rod array.
  • a hydraulic transmission / control unit is coupled to the inlet / outlet of the fluid line for the operating cycle, which consists of an upward stroke (hydraulic energy) and a downward stroke (gravity).
  • One of the disadvantages of the aforementioned extraction unit is that it requires an assistance cylinder and an accumulator to offset part of the weight of the rod string and thus reduce the workload on the hydraulic fluid pump, which It represents a higher probability of failure.
  • Another disadvantage is that the string of rods is subject to periodic mechanical stresses of axial and shear type, which results in frequent failures due to fatigue of the components.
  • a pump rod is interconnected to the piston and extends beyond the lower end of the cylinder; a sealing device is fixed to the lower end of the cylinder and receives the piston rod; a "T" joint (Flow Tee) is held between the pipe and the lower end of the cylinder and reciprocally receives the piston rod; and, a controlled hydraulic power system provides fluid pressure to the cylinder.
  • a "T" joint Flow Tee
  • the aforementioned extraction unit is complex, which translates into a high manufacturing cost, which increases the final cost of the equipment.
  • An additional disadvantage with this unit is that it does not have a specific control unit responsible for autonomously modifying the speed and / or the stroke of the piston, which is very necessary when these types of units are installed in mature deposits and / or marginal.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows for low operating and maintenance costs, as well as high reliability in all its elements.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows to reduce the problems of noise, support and corrosion, being quiet operation, light construction and no moving parts exposed to the weather.
  • Another additional object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows for shorter installation and commissioning times than the extraction units found in the prior art.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows the remote operation parameters to be monitored and corrected by means of telemetry.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows automated operation based on the conditions present in the well.
  • the present invention is related to an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment comprising a hydraulic system that is interconnected to an oil extraction bottom insert pump, which is responsible for supplying the hydraulic power necessary for said operation to operate. bottom extraction pump; and, a control system that controls the operation of the hydraulic system, which is responsible for monitoring, recording, controlling and modifying all the necessary parameters for the correct operation and operation of the improved hydraulic unit in conjunction with the bottom insert pump of oil extraction.
  • the hydraulic system is made up of a hydraulic cylinder whose function is to allow the cyclical movement of ascent and descent of the extraction bottom pump; a hydraulic pump driven by a first motor and interconnected to the hydraulic cylinder, whose function is to pressurize the hydraulic fluid of said hydraulic system to allow displacement of the extraction bottom insert pump; a heat exchanger coupled to a cooling fan driven by a second motor, to regulate the temperature of the hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic system; a first adjustment valve to control the ranges of pressure and ascent rate within the hydraulic cylinder; a second adjustment valve to control the pressure and speed ranges in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder; a third adjustment valve that allows fine adjustments of the pressure and speed in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder; a check valve, which prevents the return of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic pump; and, a reservoir of hydraulic fluid, which is responsible for storing the hydraulic fluid that circulates throughout the hydraulic system.
  • the control system is made up of a first control module that is interconnected to a second control module and a third control module, which is responsible for distributing electrical energy to all the devices that integrate the improved hydraulic unit extraction; a second control module interconnected to the first control module, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the first motor of the hydraulic system; and, a third control module that is interconnected with the first module, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the improved hydraulic extraction unit object of the present invention.
  • the first module comprises a main switch, a transformer and a plurality of motor guards.
  • the second control module is made up of a reduced voltage starter, which is responsible for starting the first motor of the hydraulic system.
  • the third control module is made up of a central control team; a plurality of control devices that are interconnected to the central control equipment; a plurality of peripheral control devices that are interconnected to the central control equipment; and, a telemetry device interconnected to the central control equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the main elements that make up each of the systems that integrate the present improved hydraulic unit for oil extraction equipment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the interconnection of the elements that constitute the hydraulic system that is part of the improved hydraulic unit for oil extraction equipment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the main elements that make up the control system that is part of the improved hydraulic unit for oil extraction equipment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 there is shown an improved hydraulic unit 1000 for oil extraction equipment, constructed in accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, which should only be considered as illustrative but not limited thereto.
  • said improved hydraulic unit 1000 for oil extraction equipment comprises: a hydraulic system 100 that is interconnected to a bottom extraction pump 3000 for oil extraction, which is responsible for supplying the hydraulic power necessary for said bottom insertion pump 3000 to operate; and, a control system 200 that controls the operation of the hydraulic system 100, which is responsible for monitoring, recording, controlling and modifying all the parameters necessary for the correct operation and operation of the improved hydraulic unit 1000 in conjunction with the pump Bottom insert 3000 oil extraction.
  • the improved hydraulic unit 1000 during its operation is normally installed on the surface part of an oil field considered mature and / or marginal.
  • Said oilfield has a production pipeline that extends from the surface to where the hydrocarbons are located in said reservoir.
  • a bottom-level oil extraction pump 3000 is anchored, which operates by an upward and downward cyclic movement, so that the necessary pressure is generated by positive displacement so that hydrocarbons flow to the surface.
  • the configuration and elements that make up the bottom extraction pump 3000 for oil extraction are described in US Patent No. US 6,497,281 B2, so a more detailed explanation will not be given in this regard. It should be mentioned that the bottom extraction pump 3000 for oil extraction is interconnected to the improved hydraulic unit 1000 through an interconnection element 2000, which in a preferred embodiment is a metal cable.
  • the hydraulic system 100 is made up of at least one hydraulic cylinder 110, whose function is to allow the cyclical movement of ascent and descent of the bottom insertion pump 3000 for oil extraction; a hydraulic pump 130 driven by a first motor 120 and interconnected to the hydraulic cylinder 110, whose function is to pressurize the hydraulic fluid of said hydraulic system 100 to allow the displacement of the bottom insertion pump 3000 for oil extraction; a heat exchanger 150 coupled to a cooling fan 145 driven by a second motor 140, to regulate the temperature of the hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic system 100; a first adjusting valve 160 to control the pressure ranges and ascent rate within the hydraulic cylinder 110; a second adjustment valve 170 for controlling the pressure and speed ranges in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder 110; a third adjustment valve 180 which allows fine adjustments of the pressure and speed in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder 110; a check valve 190, which prevents the return of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic pump 130; and, a reservoir 195 of hydraulic fluid, which is responsible for storing the hydraulic fluid circulating
  • the hydraulic cylinder 110 comprises a sleeve 111 whose shape is that of a hollow cylinder oriented vertically, which includes at least, inside, a piston 112 and a rod 113 interconnected to said piston 112.
  • the rod 113 at its bottom It is coupled to the interconnection element 2000, as can be seen in FIG. one.
  • both the jacket 111 and the piston 112 are made of a metallic material, preferably steel, wherein said piston 112 also has a bronze coating, in order to prolong the life of the interior of jacket 111.
  • piston 11 has a first nitrile seal, and a second tetrafluoroethene seal, whose trade name is Teflon®.
  • the length of the hydraulic cylinder 110 varies depending on the necessary stroke so that the bottom extraction pump 3000 for oil extraction can operate correctly. However, its running length can range between 3.05 meters and 7.62 meters, with a length of 6.1 meters being preferred.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 110 is of simple effect and has an inlet / outlet port 114 at its lower end, where hydraulic fluid enters and exits the hydraulic system 100.
  • hydraulic fluid pressurized by said inlet / outlet 1 14 enters this causes the piston 112 and the rod 113 rise.
  • the piston 112 and the rod 113 descend to their initial position.
  • said hydraulic cylinder 110 has a double seal (not shown in the figures) to avoid any leakage of hydraulic fluid to the outside.
  • the double seal is constructed of a material that resists up to 6,000 psi and up to 200 ° C. (for example: chevron®)
  • the first motor 120 is preferably an electric type motor, which is coupled to the hydraulic pump 130, which, when operated together, generates the hydraulic pressure necessary for the piston 112 and the rod 113 of the hydraulic cylinder 110 to rise.
  • said first motor 120 is a 50 hp three-phase electric motor, while hydraulic pump 130 is an axial type pump that has an expense of 30 gpm.
  • the second motor 140 is coupled to a cooling fan 145, whose operation is controlled by the control system 200.
  • the fan 145 is responsible for providing an air stream to the heat exchanger 150 for cooling. of the hydraulic fluid. Said configuration allows to regulate the temperature of the hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic system 100, such that said temperature is at all times at its optimum operating temperature.
  • Both the first, second and third adjustment valves 160, 170 and 180 respectively are valves that are adjusted manually according to the requirements of the oil field where the present improved hydraulic unit 1000 is installed.
  • the first valve 160 controls the pressure in the upward movement
  • the second valve 170 controls the pressure in the downward movement
  • the third valve 80 is a fine adjustment valve in the downward movement.
  • the first adjustment valve 160 is located between the hydraulic pump 130 and the heat exchanger 150
  • the second adjustment valve 170 is located between the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the reservoir 195
  • the third adjustment valve 180 is located between the second adjustment valve 170 and the reservoir 195, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the control system 200, which is comprised of a first control module 210 that is interconnected to a second control module 220 and a third control module 230, which is responsible for distribute the electrical energy to all the devices that integrate the improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000; a second control module 220 interconnected to the first control module 210, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the first motor 120 of the hydraulic system 100; and, a third control module 230 that is interconnected with the first module 210, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000 object of the present invention.
  • the first control module 210 comprises all those elements necessary to distribute the electrical energy to the electrical and electronic equipment that make up the present improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000.
  • Said First module 210 comprises at least one main switch, a transformer and a plurality of motor guards (not shown in the figures).
  • the power supply that receives said first module 2 0 can be: 440 Vac (three phase, 60hz); 220 Vac (three phase, 60Hz); and, 220 Vac (single phase, 60hz), which depends on the operating conditions that are required for the extraction of hydrocarbons from the reservoir.
  • the transformer is responsible for transforming electrical energy to a useful value for the power supply of the devices that make up the third control module. In a preferred embodiment, the transformer converts the voltage from 440 Vac to 120 Vac.
  • the plurality of motor guards are used both for overcurrent protection in the first motor 120, and in the second motor 140.
  • the main switch, transformer and motor guard are housed inside a first cabinet 211.
  • the second control module 220 is formed at least by a reduced voltage starter (not shown in the figures), which is responsible for operating the first motor 120 of the hydraulic system 100. Said reduced voltage starter has the characteristic of smoothing the start of the first motor 120, in order to avoid high peaks of electric power consumption.
  • the second module 220 receives the electrical energy of the first subsystem 210. Likewise, all the elements that make up the second module 220 are housed inside a second cabinet 221.
  • the third control module 230 is formed at least by a central control equipment 231; a plurality of control devices 232 that are interconnected to the central control equipment 231; a plurality of peripheral control devices 233 that are interconnected to central control equipment 231; and, a telemetry device 234 interconnected to the central control equipment 231. All the aforementioned elements are housed inside a third cabinet 235.
  • the first cabinet 2 1, the second cabinet 221 and the third cabinet 235 have ventilation slots, both on their side walls and on their upper and lower walls. This configuration allows to achieve adequate ventilation of the equipment inside, which considerably reduces failures due to high temperatures, even in regions with desert climates. These vents may be present in all elements of the hydraulic system 100 and not exclusively in the first cabinet 211, second cabinet 221 and third cabinet 235.
  • the central control equipment 231 is made up of a programmable logic controller 2311 (PLC) which is responsible for controlling and coordinating the operation of the improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000; and, an operation terminal 2312 (HMI), which is used to assign the process control values to the programmable logic controller 2311 and for monitoring the operating status of the improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000 .
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • HMI operation terminal 2312
  • a plurality of operation buttons (not shown in the figures); a plurality of level sensors (not shown in the figures); a plurality of filter monitoring sensors (not shown in the figures); a proximity sensor 2321; a temperature transducer 2322; a pressure transducer 2323; and, a flow transducer 2324 (flow meter).
  • the proximity sensor 2321 is located in the upper part of the jacket 11 and is responsible for sensing the passage of the piston 112 through said position.
  • the temperature transducer 2322 is in contact with the hydraulic fluid of the hydraulic system 100 and is responsible for constantly measuring the temperature of said hydraulic fluid, wherein said information is used by the programmable logic controller 231, to control the operation of the second motor 140 of said hydraulic system 100.
  • said temperature transducer 2322 is located between the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the second adjustment valve 170.
  • the pressure transducer 2323 is a device that is constantly monitoring the pressure of the hydraulic fluid inside the hydraulic system 100 and is responsible for sending signals with said measurements to the programmable logic controller 2311, where they are processed by an algorithm and the weight is obtained which is raising the piston 112 of the hydraulic cylinder 1 0.
  • said pressure transducer 2323 is located between the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the second adjustment valve 170.
  • the flow transducer 2324 is a device that measures the expense of the hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic system 100 when the piston 112 of the hydraulic cylinder 110 descends and sends signals with said measurements to the logic controller programmable, where they are processed by an algorithm and the longitudinal displacement of the piston 112 within the hydraulic cylinder 110 is obtained.
  • the flow transducer 2324 is of the unidirectional type and is located between the second valve of set 170 and reservoir 195.
  • the plurality of peripheral control devices 233 are at least a first hydraulic solenoid valve 2331 that is in fluid communication with the first adjustment valve 160 and the reservoir 195; and, a second hydraulic solenoid valve 2332 which is in fluid communication with the second adjustment valve 70 and the third adjustment valve 180.
  • the plurality of peripheral control devices 233 also includes a valve proportional (not shown in the figures).
  • the first hydraulic solenoid valve 2331 when energized, allows the passage of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinder 110 through the inlet / outlet port 114, which causes the piston 112 to rise.
  • the second hydraulic solenoid valve 2332 when energized, allows the pressurized hydraulic fluid to exit the hydraulic cylinder 110 through the inlet / outlet port 114.
  • the telemetry device 234 that is interconnected with the central control equipment 231 allows the operation of the hydraulic unit 1000 to be monitored remotely, by sending and receiving satellite signals.
  • the programmable logic controller 2311 is responsible for carrying out the following processes: control of the pressure and force of the hydraulic system 100; control of the position of the displacement of the piston 112 within the hydraulic cylinder 11; control of the fluid temperature of the hydraulic system 100; control of the waiting times of the piston 112 inside the hydraulic cylinder 110; control of the piston strokes 113, etc.
  • Operation terminal 2312 is interconnected to programmable logic controller 2311 via an RS232 communication protocol.
  • operating values that are supplied to the programmable logic controller 23 1 via the operating terminal 2312 are: the desired operating pressure; distance that piston 112 will travel within hydraulic cylinder 110; the waiting times to get the desired races; the temperature at which it is required to start the second motor 140, among others.
  • the operation terminal 2312 can display information to a user of the present improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000, within which is: graphs of the dynamometric charts; number of strokes per minute, day and / or week; working pressure of the hydraulic system; distance traveled by the piston 12 within the hydraulic cylinder 1 10; hydraulic system temperature 100; etc.
  • said operation terminal 2312 also has the ability to collect data for the generation of dynamometric chart graphs and store said information in an internal memory to be consulted at a later date.
  • said operation terminal 2312 has a USB type communication port.
  • the operation of the improved oil extraction unit 000 in autonomous mode is detailed below: Before starting the operation of said improved oil extraction unit 1000, in the operation terminal 2312 the times at which the piston is assigned 1 2 must remain at its highest point and in its initial position (lowest point), as well as the length that the piston 112 and the rod 113 must travel. Likewise, the first adjustment valve 160, the second valve of adjustment 170, and the third adjustment valve 180.
  • the first motor 120 When the improved hydraulic unit 000 is put into operation, the first motor 120 is started, which puts the hydraulic pump 130 into operation, thus generating hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic system 100.
  • the control system 200 energizes the first solenoid valve 2331, and in conjunction with the first adjustment valve 160, allows the passage of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinder 110.
  • the pressurized hydraulic fluid enters the inlet / outlet port 114 and pushes the piston 112 and the rod upwards 113, thus generating the upward movement of the extraction bottom insertion pump 3000.
  • the piston 112 Once the piston 112 reaches the highest point of its stroke inside the jacket 111 and is detected by the proximity sensor 2321, it sends a signal to programmable logic controller 2311 to turn off the first solenoid valve 2331.
  • the piston 112 and the rod 113 remain in their position for the time that has been entered in the operation terminal 2312. Once this is fulfilled In time, the control system 200 energizes the second solenoid valve 2332 and in conjunction with the second adjustment valve 170 and third adjustment valve 180, the pressurized fluid exits the hydraulic cylinder 110 through the inlet / outlet port 4, causing the piston 112 and rod 13 descend to their initial position (lowest point). With this, the downward movement of the extraction bottom insert pump 3000 also occurs.
  • the flow transducer 2324 is responsible for sensing the hydraulic fluid that returns to the reservoir 195 and sends said signal to the control system 200, and specifically to the programmable logic controller 2311, which, by means of an algorithm, converts said signal in the distance traveled by the piston 2 and the rod 113 within the cylinder 10 of the present improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000.
  • the control system 200 turns off the second solenoid valve 2332.
  • the piston 112 and rod 113 remains in this position for as long as it has been charged in the operation terminal 2312. After that time , the control system 200 energizes the first solenoid valve 2331 again and the cycle repeats continuously.

Abstract

The invention relates to an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment, comprising a hydraulic system interconnected to a down-hole oil extraction pump, which is used to supply the hydraulic energy required for the operation of the down-hole extraction pump; and a control system that controls the operation of the hydraulic system, which is used to monitor, register, control and modify all of the parameters required for the correct operation and running of the improved hydraulic unit together with the down-hole oil extraction pump, where the down-hole extraction pump is interconnected to the improved hydraulic unit by means of an interconnection element.

Description

UNIDAD HIDRÁULICA MEJORADA PARA EQUIPO DE EXTRACCIÓN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC UNIT FOR EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT
EMPLEADO EN LA INDUSTRIA PETROLERA CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN EMPLOYEE IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se encuentra relacionada con el diseño, construcción y optimización de equipos utilizados para la extracción de hidrocarburos en yacimientos petrolíferos maduros y/o marginales, y más particularmente se encuentra relacionada con una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera.  The present invention is related to the design, construction and optimization of equipment used for the extraction of hydrocarbons in mature and / or marginal oil fields, and more particularly it is related to an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry .
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Hoy en día, alrededor del 70% del petróleo que se extrae a nivel mundial, proviene de yacimientos con más de 30 años de explotación. A los yacimientos que han estado en operación durante varios años, se les conoce comúnmente como yacimientos maduros y los podemos encontrar alrededor del mundo. Por ejemplo, el área marina de América del Norte y la plataforma continental del Golfo de México, tienen muchos yacimientos que se encuentran en etapas avanzadas de su vida productiva. Asimismo, existen numerosos yacimientos petrolíferos en el Mar del Norte que ya han pasado su pico de producción, así como en Rusia. Otras regiones del mundo, como China, India, Australia y Argentina, también tienen una cantidad considerable de yacimientos maduros que proveen una parte significativa de su producción anual.  Today, about 70% of the oil that is extracted worldwide comes from deposits with more than 30 years of exploitation. The deposits that have been in operation for several years, are commonly known as mature deposits and can be found around the world. For example, the marine area of North America and the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, have many deposits that are in advanced stages of their productive life. There are also numerous oil fields in the North Sea that have already passed their peak production, as well as in Russia. Other regions of the world, such as China, India, Australia and Argentina, also have a considerable amount of mature deposits that provide a significant part of their annual production.
Debido a que las reservas de petróleo a nivel mundial presentan un descenso significativo año con año y al incremento en los costos de los combustibles, se torna cada vez más importante la extracción optimizada de hidrocarburos de yacimientos ya existentes. El aumento de la productividad en los yacimientos maduros, puede resultar en un incremento real de las reservas de petróleo a nivel mundial, al aumentar el factor de recuperación por encima de los valores históricos de 35% para crudos y 70% para gas.  Because oil reserves worldwide show a significant decrease year by year and the increase in fuel costs, the optimized extraction of hydrocarbons from existing deposits is becoming increasingly important. Increasing productivity in mature fields can result in a real increase in oil reserves worldwide, by increasing the recovery factor above historical values of 35% for crude oil and 70% for gas.
El objetivo básico que se persigue al aumentar la productividad de los yacimientos, es el de lograr un aumento en la recuperación de los hidrocarburos contenidos en el mismo, con lo que se extiende la vida útil del yacimiento y se mejora la rentabilidad del mismo. Debido a que los yacimientos maduros cuentan con una infraestructura existente, no es necesario hacer grandes inversiones en sistemas de tratamiento y/o de transporte, que se necesitarían en los nuevos desarrollos, o bien, llevar a cabo una fuerte inversión para la perforación de nuevos pozos. The basic objective pursued by increasing the productivity of the deposits is to achieve an increase in the recovery of the hydrocarbons contained therein, thereby extending the useful life of the deposit and improving its profitability. Because mature deposits have a existing infrastructure, it is not necessary to make large investments in treatment and / or transport systems, which would be needed in new developments, or, to make a strong investment for drilling new wells.
Por otro lado, existen los yacimientos con producción limitada denominados marginales, los cuales en su mayoría resultaban poco redituables de operar, debido a que el costo de la mano de obra y el costo de los equipos involucrados para la extracción, eran muy cercanos al ingreso por la venta de los hidrocarburos extraídos. Debido a lo anterior, muchos yacimientos de este tipo fueron puestos fuera de producción, cerrados y abandonados. Sin embargo, con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de extracción más eficientes, se pueden volver a poner en operación dichos yacimientos marginales.  On the other hand, there are deposits with limited production called marginal, which mostly were not very profitable to operate, because the cost of labor and the cost of the equipment involved for extraction, were very close to income for the sale of extracted hydrocarbons. Due to the above, many deposits of this type were put out of production, closed and abandoned. However, with the development of new more efficient extraction technologies, these marginal deposits can be put back into operation.
En nuestro país, existen miles de yacimientos maduros y/o marginales que han sido abandonados por no generar el ingreso suficiente para seguirlos operando. Su reactivación requiere del uso de tecnología rentable y eficiente, que permita una extracción optimizada de los hidrocarburos contenidos en el interior de dichos yacimientos. Para ello, se requieren equipos que tengan un costo de operación reducido y una alta confiabilidad en su funcionamiento.  In our country, there are thousands of mature and / or marginal deposits that have been abandoned for not generating enough income to continue operating them. Its reactivation requires the use of cost-effective and efficient technology, which allows an optimized extraction of the hydrocarbons contained inside these deposits. For this, equipment is required that has a reduced operating cost and high reliability in its operation.
En el estado de la técnica, existen diversas unidades de extracción de hidrocarburos para yacimientos petrolíferos maduros y/o marginales, que permiten reactivar este tipo de yacimientos, permitiendo extender su vida útil y las reservas totales de hidrocarburos. Sin embargo, las unidades que se encuentran en el arte previo, presentan costos de operación y mantenimiento significativos, que reducen los ingresos económicos que se obtienen de dichos yacimientos.  In the state of the art, there are various hydrocarbon extraction units for mature and / or marginal oilfields, which allow to reactivate this type of deposits, allowing to extend their useful life and total hydrocarbon reserves. However, the units found in the prior art have significant operating and maintenance costs, which reduce the economic income obtained from said deposits.
Uno de los ejemplos más significativos de unidades de extracción del arte previo, es la bomba mecánica o pump jack (por su traducción al inglés), la cual consiste de una viga larga en forma de martillo, movida por una fuente de alimentación externa (motor eléctrico y/o de combustión interna). A uno de los extremos terminales de la viga se encuentra conectado una pluralidad de varillas interconectadas entre sí y dispuestas longitudinalmente en el interior de una tubería de extracción. A la pluralidad de varillas, en su extremo inferior, se encuentra conectado una bomba reciprocante conformada por un pistón que se desplaza dentro de un tubo barril. A medida que el extremo terminal de la viga se eleva, la pluralidad de varillas transmite el movimiento y ocasiona que el émbolo ascienda; cuando el extremo terminal de la viga desciende, también lo hace dicho pistón. El otro extremo terminal de la viga está conectado a un sistema de transmisión de movimiento, el cual está unido a la fuente de alimentación, proporcionando así un movimiento continuo oscilante de la viga. One of the most significant examples of prior art extraction units is the mechanical pump or pump jack (for its translation into English), which consists of a long hammer-shaped beam, moved by an external power supply (motor electric and / or internal combustion). A plurality of rods interconnected with each other and arranged longitudinally inside an extraction pipe is connected to one of the end ends of the beam. A reciprocating pump formed by a piston that travels inside a barrel tube is connected to the plurality of rods at its lower end. As the terminal end of the beam rises, the plurality of rods transmits the movement and causes the plunger to rise; when the end of the beam descends, so does the piston. The other end Beam terminal is connected to a motion transmission system, which is attached to the power supply, thus providing continuous oscillating movement of the beam.
Sin embargo, la unidad de extracción antes mencionada presenta diversos inconvenientes: se requiere de una plataforma de concreto previamente colada en el lugar para posicionar dicha unidad; su instalación en el lugar de trabajo requiere de un gran número de personas y puede tomar días; sus costos de operación y mantenimientos son elevados y generan contaminación auditiva, visual y ambiental en sus alrededores.  However, the aforementioned extraction unit has several drawbacks: a previously cast concrete platform is required in place to position said unit; its installation in the workplace requires a large number of people and can take days; Its operating and maintenance costs are high and generate auditory, visual and environmental contamination in its surroundings.
Otro ejemplo de las unidades de extracción del estado de la técnica, se encuentra descrita en la Patente Estadounidense No. US 6,497,281 B2, en donde el equipo ahí descrito comprende una unidad de extracción situada en la parte superior del yacimiento; una tubería de producción que se extiende desde el cabezal del pozo hasta el interior de dicho yacimiento; un soporte adyacente al cabezal del pozo, mediante el cual está suspendido un cuerpo continuo a lo largo del eje longitudinal de la tubería de producción; un mecanismo telescópico de bombeo que se encuentra localizado al interior de la tubería de producción y que tiene un tubo barril dentro del cual se desplaza un émbolo; en donde dicho émbolo se encarga del desplazamiento de fluido desde la parte inferior del pozo a través de la tubería de producción a la superficie; un dispositivo de almacenamiento que puede funcionar en ambas direcciones para recuperar y extender dicho cuerpo continuo; y, un sistema de control que controla la velocidad con la que se desplaza el fluido dentro de la tubería.  Another example of the state of the art extraction units is described in US Patent No. US 6,497,281 B2, wherein the equipment described therein comprises an extraction unit located at the top of the reservoir; a production pipe that extends from the wellhead to the inside of said reservoir; a support adjacent to the wellhead, by means of which a continuous body is suspended along the longitudinal axis of the production pipe; a telescopic pumping mechanism that is located inside the production pipe and has a barrel tube into which a piston travels; wherein said plunger is responsible for the movement of fluid from the bottom of the well through the production pipe to the surface; a storage device that can work in both directions to recover and extend said continuous body; and, a control system that controls the speed with which the fluid travels within the pipe.
Sin embargo, la unidad de extracción antes descrita, presenta el inconveniente de que el dispositivo de almacenamiento que se encarga de recuperar y/o extender el cuerpo continuo, se encuentra conformado por un tambor accionado por un motor eléctrico, en donde dicho dispositivo resulta anticuado y requiere de un espacio significativo para operar correctamente. Asimismo, los elementos de dicha configuración se encuentran expuestos a un desgaste prematuro del cuerpo continuo, debido a la fricción constante generada por el roce de la superficie del tambor y su recorrido sobre dicho cuerpo continuo.  However, the extraction unit described above, has the disadvantage that the storage device that is responsible for recovering and / or extending the continuous body, is formed by a drum driven by an electric motor, where said device is outdated and requires significant space to operate correctly. Also, the elements of said configuration are exposed to premature wear of the continuous body, due to the constant friction generated by the friction of the surface of the drum and its travel on said continuous body.
Otro ejemplo más de unidades de extracción del arte previo, lo encontramos en la Patente Estadounidense No. 4,480,685 que describe una unidad de extracción que comprende una bomba reciprocante sumergida que se encuentra montada en un arreglo de tubería que se comunica con el cabezal del pozo; una sarta de varillas que se extiende a través del arreglo de tubería y se encuentra conectada con la bomba; y, un arreglo de una camisa de bombeo y una caja de relleno dispuesto sobre la carcasa de pozo en el cabezal de pozo y que incluye un arreglo de varillas selladas en la caja de relleno, la cual se encuentra conectada a dicha sarta de varillas y a la unidad de accionamiento de bomba. La unidad de extracción incluye un cilindro hidráulico y medios de soporte que incluyen un arreglo de cardán para soportar el cilindro hidráulico sobre la caja de relleno, con el eje del vástago del cilindro hidráulico alineado con el eje de dicha caja de relleno. Se proporcionan medios de acoplamiento para acoplar el vástago del cilindro hidráulico al arreglo de varillas selladas. Una unidad de transmisión/control hidráulico se acopla a la entrada/salida de la línea de fluido para el ciclo de operación, el cual consiste en una carrera ascendente (energía hidráulica) y una carrera descendente (gravedad). Another example of prior art extraction units is found in US Patent No. 4,480,685 which describes an extraction unit comprising a submerged reciprocating pump that is mounted in a pipe arrangement that communicates with the wellhead; a string of rods which extends through the pipe arrangement and is connected to the pump; and, an arrangement of a pumping jacket and a filling box disposed on the well housing in the wellhead and including an arrangement of sealed rods in the filling case, which is connected to said rod string already The pump drive unit. The extraction unit includes a hydraulic cylinder and support means that include a gimbal arrangement for supporting the hydraulic cylinder on the filling box, with the axis of the hydraulic cylinder rod aligned with the axis of said filling box. Coupling means are provided to couple the hydraulic cylinder rod to the sealed rod array. A hydraulic transmission / control unit is coupled to the inlet / outlet of the fluid line for the operating cycle, which consists of an upward stroke (hydraulic energy) and a downward stroke (gravity).
Una de las desventajas que presenta la unidad de extracción antes mencionada, es que requiere de un cilindro de asistencia y un acumulador para contrarrestar parte del peso de la sarta de varillas y así reducir la carga de trabajo en la bomba de fluido hidráulico, lo cual representa una mayor probabilidad de falla. Otra desventaja es que la sarta de varillas se encuentra sujeta a esfuerzos mecánicos periódicos de tipo axial y cortante, lo que se traduce en fallas frecuentes por fatiga de los componentes.  One of the disadvantages of the aforementioned extraction unit is that it requires an assistance cylinder and an accumulator to offset part of the weight of the rod string and thus reduce the workload on the hydraulic fluid pump, which It represents a higher probability of failure. Another disadvantage is that the string of rods is subject to periodic mechanical stresses of axial and shear type, which results in frequent failures due to fatigue of the components.
Otro ejemplo más de unidades de extracción del arte previo, se encuentra descrita en la Solicitud de Patente Estadounidense No. US 2006/0171821 A1 , que comprende un sistema de bombeo para el movimiento reciprocante vertical de una sarta de varillas dentro de la tubería de producción de un pozo de petróleo, el cual consiste de una bomba de desplazamiento positivo en la parte inferior del mismo que incluye un cilindro hidráulico alargado posicionado verticalmente ubicado por encima de la tubería y en alineación con ella, dicho cilindro hidráulico teniendo un pistón deslizable verticalmente en él. Adicionalmente, un vástago de la bomba se interconecta al pistón y se extiende más allá del extremo inferior del cilindro; un dispositivo de sellado se encuentra fijo al extremo inferior del cilindro y recibe al vástago del pistón; una junta en "T" (Tee de Flujo) se sujeta entre la tubería y el extremo inferior del cilindro y recíprocamente recibe al vástago de pistón; y, un sistema de energía hidráulica controlada proporciona presión de fluido al cilindro.  Another example of prior art extraction units is described in US Patent Application No. US 2006/0171821 A1, which comprises a pumping system for vertical reciprocating movement of a string of rods within the production pipe of an oil well, which consists of a positive displacement pump in the lower part thereof that includes an elongated hydraulic cylinder positioned vertically above the pipe and in alignment with it, said hydraulic cylinder having a vertically sliding piston in he. Additionally, a pump rod is interconnected to the piston and extends beyond the lower end of the cylinder; a sealing device is fixed to the lower end of the cylinder and receives the piston rod; a "T" joint (Flow Tee) is held between the pipe and the lower end of the cylinder and reciprocally receives the piston rod; and, a controlled hydraulic power system provides fluid pressure to the cylinder.
La unidad de extracción antes mencionada resulta compleja, lo que se traduce en un alto costo de manufactura, lo que encarece el costo final del equipo. Una desventaja adicional que se tiene con dicha unidad, es que no presenta una unidad de control específica encargada de modificar autónomamente la velocidad y/o la carrera del pistón, lo cual es sumamente necesario cuando este tipo de unidades son instaladas en yacimientos maduros y/o marginales. The aforementioned extraction unit is complex, which translates into a high manufacturing cost, which increases the final cost of the equipment. An additional disadvantage with this unit is that it does not have a specific control unit responsible for autonomously modifying the speed and / or the stroke of the piston, which is very necessary when these types of units are installed in mature deposits and / or marginal.
OBJETOS DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Es un objeto de la presente invención, el proveer una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera, la cual permita de una manera más eficiente, la reactivación de yacimientos petrolíferos maduros y/o marginales.  It is an object of the present invention, to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows the reactivation of mature and / or marginal oil fields in a more efficient manner.
Un objeto adicional de la presente invención es el proveer una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera, que permita tener bajos costos de operación y mantenimiento, así como una alta confiabilidad en todos sus elementos.  A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows for low operating and maintenance costs, as well as high reliability in all its elements.
Un objeto más de la presente invención, es el proveer una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera, que permita abatir los problemas de ruido, soporte y corrosión, al ser de operación silenciosa, de construcción ligera y sin partes móviles expuestas a la intemperie.  A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows to reduce the problems of noise, support and corrosion, being quiet operation, light construction and no moving parts exposed to the weather.
Otro objeto adicional de la presente invención es el proveer una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera, que permita tener tiempos de instalación y de puesta en marcha más cortos que las unidades de extracción que se encuentran en el arte previo.  Another additional object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows for shorter installation and commissioning times than the extraction units found in the prior art.
Es otro objeto de la presente invención, el proveer una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera, que permita minimizar la contaminación ambiental del entorno en donde se instala.  It is another object of the present invention, to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which minimizes environmental contamination of the environment where it is installed.
Un objeto más de la presente invención, es el proveer una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera, que permite supervisar y corregir los parámetros de operación a distancia, por medio de telemetría.  A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows the remote operation parameters to be monitored and corrected by means of telemetry.
Un objeto más de la presente invención, es el proveer una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera, que permite tener una operación automatizada en función de las condiciones presentes en el pozo.  A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, which allows automated operation based on the conditions present in the well.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención se encuentra relacionada con una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción que comprende un sistema hidráulico que se encuentra interconectado a una bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción de petróleo, el cual se encarga de suministrar la energía hidráulica necesaria para que opere dicha bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción; y, un sistema de control que controla la operación del sistema hidráulico, el cual se encarga de monitorear, registrar, controlar y modificar todos los parámetros necesarios para la correcta operación y funcionamiento de la unidad hidráulica mejorada en conjunto con la bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción de petróleo. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is related to an improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment comprising a hydraulic system that is interconnected to an oil extraction bottom insert pump, which is responsible for supplying the hydraulic power necessary for said operation to operate. bottom extraction pump; and, a control system that controls the operation of the hydraulic system, which is responsible for monitoring, recording, controlling and modifying all the necessary parameters for the correct operation and operation of the improved hydraulic unit in conjunction with the bottom insert pump of oil extraction.
El sistema hidráulico se encuentra conformado por un cilindro hidráulico cuya función es permitir el movimiento cíclico de ascenso y descenso de la bomba de fondo de inserción de extracción; una bomba hidráulica impulsada por un primer motor e interconectada al cilindro hidráulico, cuya función es la de presurizar el fluido hidráulico de dicho sistema hidráulico para permitir el desplazamiento de la bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción; un intercambiador de calor acoplado a un ventilador de enfriamiento accionado por un segundo motor, para regular la temperatura del fluido hidráulico dentro del sistema hidráulico; una primera válvula de ajuste para controlar los rangos de presión y velocidad en el ascenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico; una segunda válvula de ajuste para controlar los rangos de presión y velocidad en el descenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico; una tercera válvula de ajuste que permite ajustes finos de la presión y velocidad en el descenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico; una válvula de retención, que evita el regreso de fluido hidráulico presurizado a la bomba hidráulica; y, un reservorio de fluido hidráulico, el cual se encarga de almacenar el fluido hidráulico que circula por todo el sistema hidráulico.  The hydraulic system is made up of a hydraulic cylinder whose function is to allow the cyclical movement of ascent and descent of the extraction bottom pump; a hydraulic pump driven by a first motor and interconnected to the hydraulic cylinder, whose function is to pressurize the hydraulic fluid of said hydraulic system to allow displacement of the extraction bottom insert pump; a heat exchanger coupled to a cooling fan driven by a second motor, to regulate the temperature of the hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic system; a first adjustment valve to control the ranges of pressure and ascent rate within the hydraulic cylinder; a second adjustment valve to control the pressure and speed ranges in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder; a third adjustment valve that allows fine adjustments of the pressure and speed in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder; a check valve, which prevents the return of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic pump; and, a reservoir of hydraulic fluid, which is responsible for storing the hydraulic fluid that circulates throughout the hydraulic system.
El sistema de control se encuentra conformado por un primer módulo de control que se encuentra interconectado a un segundo módulo de control y a un tercer módulo de control, el cual se encarga de distribuir la energía eléctrica a todos los dispositivos que integran a la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción; un segundo módulo de control interconectado al primer módulo de control, el cual se encarga de controlar el funcionamiento del primer motor del sistema hidráulico; y, un tercer módulo de control que se encuentra interconectado con el primer módulo, el cual se encarga de controlar la operación de la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción objeto de la presente invención. El primer módulo comprende un interruptor principal, un transformador y una pluralidad de guardamotores. El segundo módulo de control se encuentra conformado por un arrancador a tensión reducida, el cual se encarga de poner en funcionamiento el primer motor del sistema hidráulico. El tercer módulo de control se encuentra conformado por un equipo central de control; una pluralidad de dispositivos de mando que se encuentran interconectados al equipo central de control; una pluralidad de dispositivos periféricos de control que se encuentran interconectados al equipo central de control; y, un dispositivo de telemetría interconectado al equipo central de control. The control system is made up of a first control module that is interconnected to a second control module and a third control module, which is responsible for distributing electrical energy to all the devices that integrate the improved hydraulic unit extraction; a second control module interconnected to the first control module, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the first motor of the hydraulic system; and, a third control module that is interconnected with the first module, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the improved hydraulic extraction unit object of the present invention. The first module comprises a main switch, a transformer and a plurality of motor guards. The second control module is made up of a reduced voltage starter, which is responsible for starting the first motor of the hydraulic system. The third control module is made up of a central control team; a plurality of control devices that are interconnected to the central control equipment; a plurality of peripheral control devices that are interconnected to the central control equipment; and, a telemetry device interconnected to the central control equipment.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN PE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION PE THE FIGURES
A continuación se pueden apreciar en las figuras que se indican, la configuración y elementos que integran a la unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción empleado en la industria petrolera, objeto de la presente invención, en donde se muestra una modalidad particularmente preferida, más no limitativa de la misma, en donde:  The configuration and elements that integrate the improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry, object of the present invention, where a particularly preferred embodiment is shown, but not shown, can be seen below limiting it, where:
La Figura 1 es una vista esquemática de los principales elementos que conforman a cada uno de los sistemas que integran a la presente unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de petróleo de la presente invención.  Figure 1 is a schematic view of the main elements that make up each of the systems that integrate the present improved hydraulic unit for oil extraction equipment of the present invention.
La Figura 2 es un diagrama de flujo que muestra la interconexión de los elementos que constituyen el sistema hidráulico que forma parte de la unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de petróleo, de la presente invención.  Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the interconnection of the elements that constitute the hydraulic system that is part of the improved hydraulic unit for oil extraction equipment of the present invention.
La Figura 3 es una vista esquemática de los principales elementos que conforman al sistema de control que forma parte de la unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de petróleo de la presente invención.  Figure 3 is a schematic view of the main elements that make up the control system that is part of the improved hydraulic unit for oil extraction equipment of the present invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Haciendo ahora referencia a las figuras que se acompañan, y más específicamente a las FIGS. 1 a 3 de los mismos, en ellas se muestran una unidad hidráulica mejorada 1000 para equipo de extracción de petróleo, construida de conformidad con una modalidad particularmente preferida de la presente invención, la cual debe ser considerada únicamente como ilustrativa más no limitativa de la misma, en donde dicha unidad hidráulica mejorada 1000 para equipo de extracción de petróleo comprende: un sistema hidráulico 100 que se encuentra interconectado a una bomba de inserción de fondo 3000 de extracción de petróleo, el cual se encarga de suministrar la energía hidráulica necesaria para que opere dicha bomba de inserción de fondo 3000; y, un sistema de control 200 que controla la operación del sistema hidráulico 100, el cual se encarga de monitorear, registrar, controlar y modificar todos los parámetros necesarios para la correcta operación y funcionamiento de la unidad hidráulica mejorada 1000 en conjunto con la bomba de inserción de fondo 3000 de extracción de petróleo. Referring now to the accompanying figures, and more specifically to FIGS. 1 to 3 thereof, there is shown an improved hydraulic unit 1000 for oil extraction equipment, constructed in accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, which should only be considered as illustrative but not limited thereto. , wherein said improved hydraulic unit 1000 for oil extraction equipment comprises: a hydraulic system 100 that is interconnected to a bottom extraction pump 3000 for oil extraction, which is responsible for supplying the hydraulic power necessary for said bottom insertion pump 3000 to operate; and, a control system 200 that controls the operation of the hydraulic system 100, which is responsible for monitoring, recording, controlling and modifying all the parameters necessary for the correct operation and operation of the improved hydraulic unit 1000 in conjunction with the pump Bottom insert 3000 oil extraction.
La unidad hidráulica mejorada 1000 durante su operación, normalmente se instala en la parte superficial de un yacimiento petrolífero considerado como maduro y/o marginal. Dicho yacimiento petrolífero cuenta con una tubería de producción que se extiende desde la superficie hasta donde se encuentran los hidrocarburos en dicho yacimiento. En el extremo inferior de dicha tubería de producción, se encuentra anclada una bomba de inserción de fondo 3000 de extracción de petróleo, la cual funciona mediante un movimiento cíclico ascendente y descendente, de manera que se genere la presión necesaria mediante el desplazamiento positivo para que los hidrocarburos fluyan hacia la superficie. La configuración y elementos que conforman a la bomba de inserción de fondo 3000 de extracción de petróleo se encuentran descritos en la Patente Estadounidense No. US 6,497,281 B2, por lo que no se dará una explicación más detallada al respecto. Cabe mencionar que la bomba de inserción de fondo 3000 de extracción de petróleo se encuentra interconectada a la unidad hidráulica mejorada 1000 a través de un elemento de interconexión 2000, el cual en una modalidad preferida es un cable metálico.  The improved hydraulic unit 1000 during its operation is normally installed on the surface part of an oil field considered mature and / or marginal. Said oilfield has a production pipeline that extends from the surface to where the hydrocarbons are located in said reservoir. At the lower end of said production pipe, a bottom-level oil extraction pump 3000 is anchored, which operates by an upward and downward cyclic movement, so that the necessary pressure is generated by positive displacement so that hydrocarbons flow to the surface. The configuration and elements that make up the bottom extraction pump 3000 for oil extraction are described in US Patent No. US 6,497,281 B2, so a more detailed explanation will not be given in this regard. It should be mentioned that the bottom extraction pump 3000 for oil extraction is interconnected to the improved hydraulic unit 1000 through an interconnection element 2000, which in a preferred embodiment is a metal cable.
El sistema hidráulico 100 se encuentra conformado al menos por un cilindro hidráulico 110, cuya función es permitir el movimiento cíclico de ascenso y descenso de la bomba de inserción de fondo 3000 de extracción de petróleo; una bomba hidráulica 130 impulsada por un primer motor 120 e interconectada al cilindro hidráulico 110, cuya función es la de presurizar el fluido hidráulico de dicho sistema hidráulico 100 para permitir el desplazamiento de la bomba de inserción de fondo 3000 de extracción de petróleo; un intercambiador de calor 150 acoplado a un ventilador de enfriamiento 145 accionado por un segundo motor 140, para regular la temperatura del fluido hidráulico dentro del sistema hidráulico 100; una primera válvula de ajuste 160 para controlar los rangos de presión y velocidad en el ascenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico 110; una segunda válvula de ajuste 170 para controlar los rangos de presión y velocidad en el descenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico 110; una tercera válvula de ajuste 180 que permite realizar ajustes finos de la presión y velocidad en el descenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico 110; una válvula de retención 190, que evita el regreso de fluido hidráulico presurizado a la bomba hidráulica 130; y, un reservorio 195 de fluido hidráulico, el cual se encarga de almacenar el fluido hidráulico que circula por todo el sistema hidráulico 100. The hydraulic system 100 is made up of at least one hydraulic cylinder 110, whose function is to allow the cyclical movement of ascent and descent of the bottom insertion pump 3000 for oil extraction; a hydraulic pump 130 driven by a first motor 120 and interconnected to the hydraulic cylinder 110, whose function is to pressurize the hydraulic fluid of said hydraulic system 100 to allow the displacement of the bottom insertion pump 3000 for oil extraction; a heat exchanger 150 coupled to a cooling fan 145 driven by a second motor 140, to regulate the temperature of the hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic system 100; a first adjusting valve 160 to control the pressure ranges and ascent rate within the hydraulic cylinder 110; a second adjustment valve 170 for controlling the pressure and speed ranges in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder 110; a third adjustment valve 180 which allows fine adjustments of the pressure and speed in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder 110; a check valve 190, which prevents the return of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic pump 130; and, a reservoir 195 of hydraulic fluid, which is responsible for storing the hydraulic fluid circulating throughout the hydraulic system 100.
El cilindro hidráulico 110 comprende una camisa 111 cuya forma es la de un cilindro hueco orientado de forma vertical, que incluye al menos, en su interior, un pistón 112 y un vástago 113 interconectado a dicho pistón 112. El vástago 113 en su parte inferior se encuentra acoplado al elemento de interconexión 2000, tal como se puede apreciar en la FIG. 1.  The hydraulic cylinder 110 comprises a sleeve 111 whose shape is that of a hollow cylinder oriented vertically, which includes at least, inside, a piston 112 and a rod 113 interconnected to said piston 112. The rod 113 at its bottom It is coupled to the interconnection element 2000, as can be seen in FIG. one.
En una modalidad preferida de la invención, tanto la camisa 111 como el pistón 112, se fabrican de un material metálico, preferentemente acero, en donde además dicho pistón 112 presenta un recubrimiento de bronce, con el fin de prolongar la vida útil del interior de la camisa 111. En esta modalidad, el pistón 1 11 cuenta con un primer sello de nitrilo, y un segundo sello de tetrafluoroeteno, cuyo nombre comercial es teflón®. La longitud del cilindro hidráulico 110, varía dependiendo la carrera necesaria para que la bomba de inserción de fondo 3000 de extracción petróleo pueda operar correctamente. Sin embargo, su longitud de carrera puede oscilar entre los 3.05 metros y los 7.62 metros, prefiriéndose una longitud de 6.1 metros.  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, both the jacket 111 and the piston 112 are made of a metallic material, preferably steel, wherein said piston 112 also has a bronze coating, in order to prolong the life of the interior of jacket 111. In this embodiment, piston 11 has a first nitrile seal, and a second tetrafluoroethene seal, whose trade name is Teflon®. The length of the hydraulic cylinder 110 varies depending on the necessary stroke so that the bottom extraction pump 3000 for oil extraction can operate correctly. However, its running length can range between 3.05 meters and 7.62 meters, with a length of 6.1 meters being preferred.
El cilindro hidráulico 110 es de simple efecto y presenta un puerto de entrada/salida 114 en su extremo inferior, por donde entra y sale fluido hidráulico del sistema hidráulico 100. Al entrar fluido hidráulico presurizado por dicha entrada/salida 1 14, esto ocasiona que el pistón 112 y el vástago 113 asciendan. Una vez que el fluido hidráulico presurizado sale del cilindro hidráulico 1 0, el pistón 112 y el vástago 113 descienden hasta su posición inicial. Adicionalmente en su parte inferior, dicho cilindro hidráulico 110 presenta un sello doble (no mostrado en las figuras) para evitar cualquier filtración de fluido hidráulico al exterior. En una modalidad preferida, el sello doble está construido de un material que resiste hasta 6,000 psi y hasta 200°C. (por ejemplo: chevron®)  The hydraulic cylinder 110 is of simple effect and has an inlet / outlet port 114 at its lower end, where hydraulic fluid enters and exits the hydraulic system 100. When hydraulic fluid pressurized by said inlet / outlet 1 14 enters, this causes the piston 112 and the rod 113 rise. Once the pressurized hydraulic fluid leaves the hydraulic cylinder 1 0, the piston 112 and the rod 113 descend to their initial position. Additionally in its lower part, said hydraulic cylinder 110 has a double seal (not shown in the figures) to avoid any leakage of hydraulic fluid to the outside. In a preferred embodiment, the double seal is constructed of a material that resists up to 6,000 psi and up to 200 ° C. (for example: chevron®)
El primer motor 120 es preferentemente un motor de tipo eléctrico, el cual se encuentra acoplado a la bomba hidráulica 130, los cuales al operar conjuntamente, generan la presión hidráulica necesaria para que el pistón 112 y el vástago 113 del cilindro hidráulico 110 asciendan. En una modalidad preferida, dicho primer motor 120 es un motor eléctrico trifásico de 50 hp, mientras que la bomba hidráulica 130 es una bomba de tipo axial que tiene un gasto de 30 gpm. The first motor 120 is preferably an electric type motor, which is coupled to the hydraulic pump 130, which, when operated together, generates the hydraulic pressure necessary for the piston 112 and the rod 113 of the hydraulic cylinder 110 to rise. In a preferred embodiment, said first motor 120 is a 50 hp three-phase electric motor, while hydraulic pump 130 is an axial type pump that has an expense of 30 gpm.
Como ya se mencionó, el segundo motor 140 se encuentra acoplado a un ventilador de enfriamiento 145, cuyo funcionamiento se encuentra controlado por el sistema de control 200. El ventilador 145 se encarga de proveer una corriente de aire al intercambiador de calor 150 para el enfriamiento del fluido hidráulico. Dicha configuración permite regular la temperatura del fluido hidráulico dentro del sistema hidráulico 100, de tal forma que dicha temperatura se encuentre en todo momento en su temperatura óptima de operación.  As already mentioned, the second motor 140 is coupled to a cooling fan 145, whose operation is controlled by the control system 200. The fan 145 is responsible for providing an air stream to the heat exchanger 150 for cooling. of the hydraulic fluid. Said configuration allows to regulate the temperature of the hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic system 100, such that said temperature is at all times at its optimum operating temperature.
Tanto la primera, segunda y tercera válvula de ajuste 160, 170 y 180 respectivamente, son válvulas que se ajustan de forma manual según los requerimientos del yacimiento petrolífero donde se encuentre instalado la presente unidad hidráulica mejorada 1000. La primera válvula 160 controla la presión en el movimiento ascendente, la segunda válvula 170 controla la presión en el movimiento descendente y la tercera válvula 80, es una válvula de ajuste fino en el movimiento descendente. La primera válvula de ajuste 160 se localiza entre la bomba hidráulica 130 y el intercambiador de calor 150; la segunda válvula de ajuste 170 se localiza entre el cilindro hidráulico 110 y el reservorio 195; y la tercera válvula de ajuste 180 se ubica entre la segunda válvula de ajuste 170 y el reservorio 195, tal como se puede apreciar en la FIG. 2.  Both the first, second and third adjustment valves 160, 170 and 180 respectively, are valves that are adjusted manually according to the requirements of the oil field where the present improved hydraulic unit 1000 is installed. The first valve 160 controls the pressure in the upward movement, the second valve 170 controls the pressure in the downward movement and the third valve 80, is a fine adjustment valve in the downward movement. The first adjustment valve 160 is located between the hydraulic pump 130 and the heat exchanger 150; the second adjustment valve 170 is located between the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the reservoir 195; and the third adjustment valve 180 is located between the second adjustment valve 170 and the reservoir 195, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
Haciendo particular referencia a la FIG. 3, en ella se muestra la configuración del sistema de control 200, el cual se encuentra conformado por un primer módulo de control 210 que se encuentra interconectado a un segundo módulo de control 220 y a un tercer módulo de control 230, el cual se encarga de distribuir la energía eléctrica a todos los dispositivos que integran a la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción 1000; un segundo módulo de control 220 interconectado al primer módulo de control 210, el cual se encarga de controlar el funcionamiento del primer motor 120 del sistema hidráulico 100; y, un tercer módulo de control 230 que se encuentra interconectado con el primer módulo 210, el cual se encarga de controlar la operación de la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción 1000 objeto de la presente invención.  With particular reference to FIG. 3, it shows the configuration of the control system 200, which is comprised of a first control module 210 that is interconnected to a second control module 220 and a third control module 230, which is responsible for distribute the electrical energy to all the devices that integrate the improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000; a second control module 220 interconnected to the first control module 210, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the first motor 120 of the hydraulic system 100; and, a third control module 230 that is interconnected with the first module 210, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000 object of the present invention.
El primer módulo de control 210 comprende todos aquellos elementos necesarios para distribuir la energía eléctrica a los equipos eléctricos y electrónicos que conforman a la presente unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción 1000. Dicho primer módulo 210 comprende al menos un interruptor principal, un transformador y una pluralidad de guardamotores (no mostrados en las figuras). The first control module 210 comprises all those elements necessary to distribute the electrical energy to the electrical and electronic equipment that make up the present improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000. Said First module 210 comprises at least one main switch, a transformer and a plurality of motor guards (not shown in the figures).
La alimentación eléctrica que recibe dicho primer módulo 2 0 puede ser de: 440 Vac (trifásica, 60hz); 220 Vac (trifásica, 60hz); y, 220 Vac (monofásica, 60hz), la cual depende de las condiciones de operación que se requieran para la extracción de hidrocarburos del yacimiento. El transformador se encarga de transformar la energía eléctrica a un valor útil para la alimentación de los dispositivos que conforman al tercer módulo de control. En una modalidad preferida, el transformador convierte el voltaje de 440 Vac a 120 Vac. La pluralidad de guardamotores se utilizan tanto para la protección de sobre corrientes en el primer motor 120, como en el segundo motor 140.  The power supply that receives said first module 2 0 can be: 440 Vac (three phase, 60hz); 220 Vac (three phase, 60Hz); and, 220 Vac (single phase, 60hz), which depends on the operating conditions that are required for the extraction of hydrocarbons from the reservoir. The transformer is responsible for transforming electrical energy to a useful value for the power supply of the devices that make up the third control module. In a preferred embodiment, the transformer converts the voltage from 440 Vac to 120 Vac. The plurality of motor guards are used both for overcurrent protection in the first motor 120, and in the second motor 140.
El interruptor principal, transformador y guardamotores se encuentran alojados dentro de un primer gabinete 211.  The main switch, transformer and motor guard are housed inside a first cabinet 211.
El segundo módulo de control 220 se encuentra conformado al menos, por un arrancador a tensión reducida (no mostrado en las figuras), el cual se encarga de poner en funcionamiento el primer motor 120 del sistema hidráulico 100. Dicho arrancador a tensión reducida tiene la característica de suavizar el arranque del primer motor 120, con la finalidad de evitar picos elevados de consumo de energía eléctrica. El segundo módulo 220 recibe la energía eléctrica del primer subsistema 210. Asimismo, todos los elementos que conforman al segundo módulo 220 se encuentran alojados dentro de un segundo gabinete 221.  The second control module 220 is formed at least by a reduced voltage starter (not shown in the figures), which is responsible for operating the first motor 120 of the hydraulic system 100. Said reduced voltage starter has the characteristic of smoothing the start of the first motor 120, in order to avoid high peaks of electric power consumption. The second module 220 receives the electrical energy of the first subsystem 210. Likewise, all the elements that make up the second module 220 are housed inside a second cabinet 221.
El tercer módulo de control 230 se encuentra conformado al menos, por un equipo central de control 231 ; una pluralidad de dispositivos de mando 232 que se encuentran interconectados al equipo central de control 231 ; una pluralidad de dispositivos periféricos de control 233 que se encuentran interconectados al equipo central de control 231 ; y, un dispositivo de telemetría 234 interconectado al equipo central de control 231. Todos los elementos antes mencionados se encuentran alojados dentro de un tercer gabinete 235.  The third control module 230 is formed at least by a central control equipment 231; a plurality of control devices 232 that are interconnected to the central control equipment 231; a plurality of peripheral control devices 233 that are interconnected to central control equipment 231; and, a telemetry device 234 interconnected to the central control equipment 231. All the aforementioned elements are housed inside a third cabinet 235.
En una modalidad preferida de la presente invención, el primer gabinete 2 1 , el segundo gabinete 221 y el tercer gabinete 235, cuentan con ranuras de ventilación, tanto en sus paredes laterales como en sus paredes superior e inferior. Dicha configuración permite lograr una adecuada ventilación de los equipos en su interior, lo que disminuye considerablemente fallas por temperaturas altas, incluso en regiones con climas desérticos. Dichas ventilaciones pueden estar presentes en todos los elementos del sistema hidráulico 100 y no exclusivamente en el primer gabinete 211 , segundo gabinete 221 y tercer gabinete 235. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first cabinet 2 1, the second cabinet 221 and the third cabinet 235, have ventilation slots, both on their side walls and on their upper and lower walls. This configuration allows to achieve adequate ventilation of the equipment inside, which considerably reduces failures due to high temperatures, even in regions with desert climates. These vents may be present in all elements of the hydraulic system 100 and not exclusively in the first cabinet 211, second cabinet 221 and third cabinet 235.
El equipo central de control 231 está conformado por un controlador lógico programable 2311 (PLC, por sus siglas en inglés) que se encarga de controlar y coordinar la operación de la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción 1000; y, una terminal de operación 2312 (HMI, por sus siglas en inglés), la cual se utiliza para asignar los valores de control de procesos al controlador lógico programable 2311 y para el monitoreo del estado de operación de la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción 1000.  The central control equipment 231 is made up of a programmable logic controller 2311 (PLC) which is responsible for controlling and coordinating the operation of the improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000; and, an operation terminal 2312 (HMI), which is used to assign the process control values to the programmable logic controller 2311 and for monitoring the operating status of the improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000 .
Dentro de los elementos que conforman a la pluralidad de dispositivos de mando 232, se encuentran: una pluralidad de botones de operación (no mostrados en las figuras); una pluralidad de sensores de nivel (no mostrados en las figuras); una pluralidad de sensores de monitoreo de filtros (no mostrados en las figuras); un sensor de proximidad 2321; un transductor de temperatura 2322; un transductor de presión 2323; y, un transductor de flujo 2324 (flujómetro).  Among the elements that make up the plurality of control devices 232, there are: a plurality of operation buttons (not shown in the figures); a plurality of level sensors (not shown in the figures); a plurality of filter monitoring sensors (not shown in the figures); a proximity sensor 2321; a temperature transducer 2322; a pressure transducer 2323; and, a flow transducer 2324 (flow meter).
El sensor de proximidad 2321 se encuentra ubicado en la parte superior de la camisa 11 y se encarga de sensar el paso del pistón 112 por dicha posición.  The proximity sensor 2321 is located in the upper part of the jacket 11 and is responsible for sensing the passage of the piston 112 through said position.
El transductor de temperatura 2322 se encuentra en contacto con el fluido hidráulico del sistema hidráulico 100 y se encarga de medir constante la temperatura de dicho fluido hidráulico, en donde dicha información es utilizada por el controlador lógico programable 231 , para controlar la operación del segundo motor 140 de dicho sistema hidráulico 100. En una modalidad preferida, dicho transductor de temperatura 2322 se encuentra ubicado entre el cilindro hidráulico 110 y la segunda válvula de ajuste 170.  The temperature transducer 2322 is in contact with the hydraulic fluid of the hydraulic system 100 and is responsible for constantly measuring the temperature of said hydraulic fluid, wherein said information is used by the programmable logic controller 231, to control the operation of the second motor 140 of said hydraulic system 100. In a preferred embodiment, said temperature transducer 2322 is located between the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the second adjustment valve 170.
El transductor de presión 2323 es un dispositivo que constantemente se encuentra monitoreando la presión del fluido hidráulico dentro del sistema hidráulico 100 y se encarga de enviar señales con dichas mediciones al controlador lógico programable 2311 , en donde se procesan mediante un algoritmo y se obtiene el peso que está levantando el pistón 112 del cilindro hidráulico 1 0. En una modalidad preferida, dicho transductor de presión 2323 se encuentra ubicado entre el cilindro hidráulico 110 y la segunda válvula de ajuste 170.  The pressure transducer 2323 is a device that is constantly monitoring the pressure of the hydraulic fluid inside the hydraulic system 100 and is responsible for sending signals with said measurements to the programmable logic controller 2311, where they are processed by an algorithm and the weight is obtained which is raising the piston 112 of the hydraulic cylinder 1 0. In a preferred embodiment, said pressure transducer 2323 is located between the hydraulic cylinder 110 and the second adjustment valve 170.
Por otra parte, el transductor de flujo 2324 es un dispositivo que mide el gasto del fluido hidráulico en el sistema hidráulico 100 cuando el pistón 112 del cilindro hidráulico 110 desciende y envía señales con dichas mediciones al controlador lógico programable, en donde se procesan mediante un algoritmo y se obtiene el desplazamiento longitudinal del pistón 112 dentro del cilindro hidráulico 110. En una modalidad preferida de la invención, el transductor de flujo 2324 es de tipo unidireccional y se encuentra ubicado entre la segunda válvula de ajuste 170 y el reservorio 195. On the other hand, the flow transducer 2324 is a device that measures the expense of the hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic system 100 when the piston 112 of the hydraulic cylinder 110 descends and sends signals with said measurements to the logic controller programmable, where they are processed by an algorithm and the longitudinal displacement of the piston 112 within the hydraulic cylinder 110 is obtained. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flow transducer 2324 is of the unidirectional type and is located between the second valve of set 170 and reservoir 195.
Por otro lado, entre los elementos que conforman a la pluralidad de dispositivos periféricos de control 233 se encuentran al menos, una primera electroválvula hidráulica 2331 que se encuentra en comunicación de fluidos con la primera válvula de ajuste 160 y el reservorio 195; y, una segunda electroválvula hidráulica 2332 que se encuentra en comunicación de fluidos con la segunda válvula de ajuste 70 y la tercera válvula de ajuste 180. En una modalidad adicional de la presente invención, la pluralidad de dispositivos periféricos de control 233 incluye también una válvula proporcional (no mostrada en las figuras).  On the other hand, among the elements that make up the plurality of peripheral control devices 233 are at least a first hydraulic solenoid valve 2331 that is in fluid communication with the first adjustment valve 160 and the reservoir 195; and, a second hydraulic solenoid valve 2332 which is in fluid communication with the second adjustment valve 70 and the third adjustment valve 180. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of peripheral control devices 233 also includes a valve proportional (not shown in the figures).
La primera electroválvula hidráulica 2331 , al energizarse, permite el paso de fluido hidráulico presurizado al cilindro hidráulico 110 a través del puerto de entrada/salida 114, que origina que el pistón 112 ascienda. La segunda electroválvula hidráulica 2332, al energizarse, permite que el fluido hidráulico presurizado salga del cilindro hidráulico 110 a través del puerto de entrada/salida 114.  The first hydraulic solenoid valve 2331, when energized, allows the passage of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinder 110 through the inlet / outlet port 114, which causes the piston 112 to rise. The second hydraulic solenoid valve 2332, when energized, allows the pressurized hydraulic fluid to exit the hydraulic cylinder 110 through the inlet / outlet port 114.
El dispositivo de telemetría 234 que se encuentra interconectado con el equipo central de control 231 permite monitorear la operación de la unidad hidráulica 1000 de forma remota, a través del envío y recepción de señales satelitales.  The telemetry device 234 that is interconnected with the central control equipment 231 allows the operation of the hydraulic unit 1000 to be monitored remotely, by sending and receiving satellite signals.
El controlador lógico programable 2311 se encarga de llevar a cabo los siguientes procesos: control de la presión y fuerza del sistema hidráulico 100; control de la posición del desplazamiento del pistón 112 dentro del cilindro hidráulico 11 ; control de la temperatura del fluido del sistema hidráulico 100; control de los tiempos de espera del pistón 112 dentro del cilindro hidráulico 110; control de las carreras del pistón 113, etc.  The programmable logic controller 2311 is responsible for carrying out the following processes: control of the pressure and force of the hydraulic system 100; control of the position of the displacement of the piston 112 within the hydraulic cylinder 11; control of the fluid temperature of the hydraulic system 100; control of the waiting times of the piston 112 inside the hydraulic cylinder 110; control of the piston strokes 113, etc.
La terminal de operación 2312 se interconecta al controlador lógico programable 2311 mediante un protocolo de comunicación RS232. Dentro de los valores de operación que se suministran al controlador lógico programable 23 1 mediante la terminal de operación 2312 se encuentran: la presión de operación deseada; distancia que recorrerá el pistón 112 dentro del cilindro hidráulico 110; los tiempos de espera para obtener las carreras deseadas; la temperatura a la que se requiere poner en funcionamiento el segundo motor 140, entre otras. Operation terminal 2312 is interconnected to programmable logic controller 2311 via an RS232 communication protocol. Within the operating values that are supplied to the programmable logic controller 23 1 via the operating terminal 2312 are: the desired operating pressure; distance that piston 112 will travel within hydraulic cylinder 110; the waiting times to get the desired races; the temperature at which it is required to start the second motor 140, among others.
Asimismo, la terminal de operación 2312 puede mostrar información a un usuario de la presente unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción 1000, dentro de la cual se encuentra: gráficas de las cartas dinamométricas; número de emboladas por minuto, día y/o semana; presión de trabajo del sistema hidráulico; distancia que recorre el pistón 12 dentro del cilindro hidráulico 1 10; temperatura del sistema hidráulico 100; etc. Como se puede observar, dicha terminal de operación 2312 también tiene la capacidad de recolectar datos para la generación de gráficas de cartas dinamométricas y guardar dicha información en una memoria interna para poder ser consultada en fecha posterior. En una modalidad preferida de la invención, dicha terminal de operación 2312 cuenta con un puerto de comunicación tipo USB.  Likewise, the operation terminal 2312 can display information to a user of the present improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000, within which is: graphs of the dynamometric charts; number of strokes per minute, day and / or week; working pressure of the hydraulic system; distance traveled by the piston 12 within the hydraulic cylinder 1 10; hydraulic system temperature 100; etc. As can be seen, said operation terminal 2312 also has the ability to collect data for the generation of dynamometric chart graphs and store said information in an internal memory to be consulted at a later date. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said operation terminal 2312 has a USB type communication port.
A continuación se detalla la operación de la unidad hidráulica mejorada 000 de extracción de petróleo en modo autónomo: Antes de comenzar la operación de dicha unidad hidráulica mejorada 1000 de extracción de petróleo, en la terminal de operación 2312 se asignan los tiempos en que el pistón 1 2 debe permanecer en su punto más alto y en su posición inicial (punto más bajo), así como la longitud que debe recorrer el pistón 112 y el vástago 113. Asimismo se ajustan manualmente la primera válvula de ajuste 160, la segunda válvula de ajuste 170, y la tercera válvula de ajuste 180.  The operation of the improved oil extraction unit 000 in autonomous mode is detailed below: Before starting the operation of said improved oil extraction unit 1000, in the operation terminal 2312 the times at which the piston is assigned 1 2 must remain at its highest point and in its initial position (lowest point), as well as the length that the piston 112 and the rod 113 must travel. Likewise, the first adjustment valve 160, the second valve of adjustment 170, and the third adjustment valve 180.
Al poner en funcionamiento la unidad hidráulica mejorada 000, se enciende el primer motor 120, lo que pone en funcionamiento a la bomba hidráulica 130, generándose así presión hidráulica en el sistema hidráulico 100. Después de un tiempo predeterminado, el sistema de control 200 energiza la primera electroválvula 2331 , y en conjunto con la primera válvula de ajuste 160 permite el paso de fluido hidráulico presurizado al cilindro hidráulico 110. El fluido hidráulico presurizado entra por el puerto de entrada/salida 114 y empuja hacia arriba al pistón 112 y al vástago 113, generando así el movimiento ascendente de la bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción 3000. Una vez que el pistón 112 llega al punto más alto de su carrera dentro de la camisa 111 y es detectado por el sensor de proximidad 2321 , este manda una señal al controlador lógico programable 2311 para que apague la primera electroválvula 2331.  When the improved hydraulic unit 000 is put into operation, the first motor 120 is started, which puts the hydraulic pump 130 into operation, thus generating hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic system 100. After a predetermined time, the control system 200 energizes the first solenoid valve 2331, and in conjunction with the first adjustment valve 160, allows the passage of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinder 110. The pressurized hydraulic fluid enters the inlet / outlet port 114 and pushes the piston 112 and the rod upwards 113, thus generating the upward movement of the extraction bottom insertion pump 3000. Once the piston 112 reaches the highest point of its stroke inside the jacket 111 and is detected by the proximity sensor 2321, it sends a signal to programmable logic controller 2311 to turn off the first solenoid valve 2331.
El pistón 112 y el vástago 113 permanecen en su posición el tiempo que se haya ingresado en la terminal de operación 2312. Una vez que se cumple dicho tiempo, el sistema de control 200 energiza la segunda electroválvula 2332 y en conjunto con la segunda válvula de ajuste 170 y tercera válvula de ajuste 180, el fluido presurizado sale del cilindro hidráulico 110 a través del puerto de entrada/salida 4, ocasionando que el pistón 112 y el vástago 13 desciendan a su posición inicial (punto más bajo). Con ello, también ocurre el movimiento descendente de la bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción 3000. The piston 112 and the rod 113 remain in their position for the time that has been entered in the operation terminal 2312. Once this is fulfilled In time, the control system 200 energizes the second solenoid valve 2332 and in conjunction with the second adjustment valve 170 and third adjustment valve 180, the pressurized fluid exits the hydraulic cylinder 110 through the inlet / outlet port 4, causing the piston 112 and rod 13 descend to their initial position (lowest point). With this, the downward movement of the extraction bottom insert pump 3000 also occurs.
Cuando el pistón 112 desciende, el transductor de flujo 2324 se encarga de sensar el fluido hidráulico que regresa al reservorio 195 y envía dicha señal al sistema de control 200, y específicamente al controlador lógico programable 2311 , el cual, mediante un algoritmo, convierte dicha señal en la distancia recorrida del pistón 2 y el vástago 113 dentro del cilindro 10 de la presente unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción 1000.  When the piston 112 descends, the flow transducer 2324 is responsible for sensing the hydraulic fluid that returns to the reservoir 195 and sends said signal to the control system 200, and specifically to the programmable logic controller 2311, which, by means of an algorithm, converts said signal in the distance traveled by the piston 2 and the rod 113 within the cylinder 10 of the present improved hydraulic extraction unit 1000.
Una vez que el pistón 112 se encuentra en su posición inicial, el sistema de control 200 apaga la segunda electroválvula 2332. El pistón 112 y vástago 113 permanece en esta posición el tiempo que se haya cargado en la terminal de operación 2312. Pasado dicho tiempo, el sistema de control 200 vuelve a energizar la primera electroválvula 2331 y el ciclo se repite continuamente.  Once the piston 112 is in its initial position, the control system 200 turns off the second solenoid valve 2332. The piston 112 and rod 113 remains in this position for as long as it has been charged in the operation terminal 2312. After that time , the control system 200 energizes the first solenoid valve 2331 again and the cycle repeats continuously.
Aun cuando en la anterior descripción se ha descrito y mostrado la modalidad preferida de la presente invención, deberá hacerse hincapié en que son posibles numerosas modificaciones a la misma, sin apartarse del verdadero alcance de la invención, tal como modificar la distancia que recorre el pistón y vástago en la camisa del cilindro hidráulico, los tiempos de espera del pistón en el punto más alto y punto más bajo en el cilindro hidráulico,, el recubrimiento del pistón, el tipo de transductores utilizados en el sistema de control, el número de electroválvulas, etc. Por lo tanto, la presente invención no deberá ser restringida excepto por lo que sea requerido por la técnica anterior y por las reivindicaciones anexas.  Even though the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described and shown in the above description, it should be emphasized that numerous modifications to it are possible, without departing from the true scope of the invention, such as modifying the distance traveled by the piston and rod in the hydraulic cylinder sleeve, the waiting times of the piston at the highest point and lowest point in the hydraulic cylinder ,, the piston lining, the type of transducers used in the control system, the number of solenoid valves , etc. Therefore, the present invention should not be restricted except as required by the prior art and by the appended claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción, caracterizada porque comprende un sistema hidráulico que se encuentra interconectado a una bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción de petróleo, el cual se encarga de suministrar la energía hidráulica necesaria para que opere dicha bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción; y, un sistema de control que controla la operación del sistema hidráulico, el cual se encarga de monitorear, registrar, controlar y modificar todos los parámetros necesarios para la correcta operación y funcionamiento de la unidad hidráulica mejorada en conjunto con la bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción de petróleo, en donde la bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción de petróleo se encuentra interconectada a la unidad hidráulica mejorada a través de un elemento de interconexión y en donde el elemento de interconexión es un cable metálico.  1. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment, characterized in that it comprises a hydraulic system that is interconnected to an oil extraction bottom insertion pump, which is responsible for supplying the hydraulic power necessary for said insertion pump to operate. bottom extraction; and, a control system that controls the operation of the hydraulic system, which is responsible for monitoring, recording, controlling and modifying all the necessary parameters for the correct operation and operation of the improved hydraulic unit in conjunction with the bottom insert pump of oil extraction, where the oil extraction bottom insert pump is interconnected to the improved hydraulic unit through an interconnection element and where the interconnection element is a metallic cable.
2. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada además porque el sistema hidráulico se encuentra conformado al menos por un cilindro hidráulico, cuya función es permitir el movimiento cíclico de ascenso y descenso de la bomba de fondo de inserción de extracción; una bomba hidráulica impulsada por un primer motor e interconectada al cilindro hidráulico, cuya función es la de presurizar el fluido hidráulico de dicho sistema hidráulico para permitir el desplazamiento de la bomba de inserción de fondo de extracción; un intercambiador de calor acoplado a un ventilador de enfriamiento accionado por un segundo motor, para regular la temperatura del fluido hidráulico dentro del sistema hidráulico; una primera válvula de ajuste para controlar los rangos de presión y velocidad en el ascenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico; una segunda válvula de ajuste para controlar los rangos de presión y velocidad en el descenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico; una tercera válvula de ajuste que permite ajustes finos de la presión y velocidad en el descenso dentro del cilindro hidráulico; una válvula de retención, que evita el regreso del fluido hidráulico presurizado a la bomba hidráulica; y, un reservorio de fluido hidráulico, el cual se encarga de almacenar el fluido hidráulico que circula por todo el sistema hidráulico.  2. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 1, further characterized in that the hydraulic system is made up of at least one hydraulic cylinder, whose function is to allow the cyclical movement of ascent and descent of the bottom pump of extraction insertion; a hydraulic pump driven by a first motor and interconnected to the hydraulic cylinder, whose function is to pressurize the hydraulic fluid of said hydraulic system to allow displacement of the extraction bottom insert pump; a heat exchanger coupled to a cooling fan driven by a second motor, to regulate the temperature of the hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic system; a first adjustment valve to control the ranges of pressure and ascent rate within the hydraulic cylinder; a second adjustment valve to control the pressure and speed ranges in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder; a third adjustment valve that allows fine adjustments of the pressure and speed in the descent into the hydraulic cylinder; a check valve, which prevents the return of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic pump; and, a reservoir of hydraulic fluid, which is responsible for storing the hydraulic fluid that circulates throughout the hydraulic system.
3. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizada además porque el cilindro hidráulico comprende una camisa, cuya forma es la de un cilindro hueco orientado de forma vertical, que incluye al menos, en su interior, un pistón y un vástago interconectado por su extremo superior a dicho pistón; en donde el vástago en su parte inferior se encuentra acoplado al elemento de interconexión. 3. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 2, further characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder comprises a sleeve, the shape of which is a hollow cylinder oriented vertically, which includes at least one inside piston and an interconnected rod by its upper end to said piston; where the rod in its lower part is coupled to the interconnection element.
4. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 3, caracterizada además porque tanto la camisa como el pistón se fabrican de un material metálico, empleándose preferiblemente acero, y en donde el pistón presenta un recubrimiento de bronce, con el fin de prolongar la vida útil del interior de la camisa.  4. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 3, further characterized in that both the jacket and the piston are made of a metallic material, preferably using steel, and wherein the piston has a bronze coating, with the in order to prolong the life of the inside of the shirt.
5. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 3, caracterizada además porque la longitud de carrera del cilindro hidráulico oscila entre los 3.05 metros y 7.62 metros.  5. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 3, further characterized in that the stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder ranges between 3.05 meters and 7.62 meters.
6. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 5, caracterizada además porque la longitud de carrera del cilindro hidráulico es de 6.1 metros.  6. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 5, further characterized in that the stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder is 6.1 meters.
7. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 3, caracterizada además porque el cilindro hidráulico es de simple efecto y presenta un puerto de entrada/salida en su extremo inferior, por donde entra y sale fluido hidráulico del sistema hidráulico; dicho cilindro hidráulico presenta un sello doble para evitar cualquier filtración de fluido hidráulico al exterior, el cual se encuentra construido de un material que resiste hasta 6000 psi y hasta 200°C.  7. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 3, further characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is of simple effect and has an inlet / outlet port at its lower end, where hydraulic fluid enters and exits the hydraulic system ; said hydraulic cylinder has a double seal to prevent any leakage of hydraulic fluid to the outside, which is constructed of a material that resists up to 6000 psi and up to 200 ° C.
8. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 2 y 3, caracterizada además porque la primera válvula de ajuste controla la presión en el movimiento ascendente del pistón y vástago dentro del cilindro hidráulico; la segunda válvula de ajuste controla el movimiento descendente del pistón y vástago dentro del cilindro hidráulico; y la tercera válvula de ajuste, es una válvula de ajuste fino en el movimiento descendente del pistón y vástago dentro del cilindro hidráulico; en donde la primera válvula de ajuste se localiza entre la bomba hidráulica y el intercambiador de calor; la segunda válvula de ajuste se localiza entre el cilindro hidráulico y el reservorio; y la tercera válvula de ajuste se ubica entre la segunda válvula de ajuste y el reservorio.  8. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claims 2 and 3, further characterized in that the first adjustment valve controls the pressure in the upward movement of the piston and rod within the hydraulic cylinder; the second adjustment valve controls the downward movement of the piston and rod inside the hydraulic cylinder; and the third adjustment valve is a fine adjustment valve in the downward movement of the piston and rod inside the hydraulic cylinder; wherein the first adjustment valve is located between the hydraulic pump and the heat exchanger; the second adjustment valve is located between the hydraulic cylinder and the reservoir; and the third adjustment valve is located between the second adjustment valve and the reservoir.
9. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada además porque el sistema de control se encuentra conformado por un primer módulo de control que se encuentra interconectado a un segundo módulo de control y a un tercer módulo de control, el cual se encarga de distribuir la energía eléctrica a todos los dispositivos que integran a la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción; un segundo módulo de control interconectado al primer módulo de control, el cual se encarga de controlar el funcionamiento del primer motor del sistema hidráulico; y, un tercer módulo de control que se encuentra interconectado con el primer módulo, el cual se encarga de controlar la operación de dicha unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción. 9. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 1, further characterized in that the control system is comprised of a first control module that is interconnected to a second control module and a third control module, he which is responsible for distributing the electrical energy to all the devices that make up the improved hydraulic extraction unit; a second control module interconnected to the first control module, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the first motor of the hydraulic system; and, a third control module that is interconnected with the first module, which is responsible for controlling the operation of said improved hydraulic extraction unit.
10. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada además porque el primer módulo de control comprende al menos un interruptor principal, un transformador y una pluralidad de guarda motores, en donde dichos elementos se encuentran alojados dentro de un primer gabinete.  10. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 9, further characterized in that the first control module comprises at least one main switch, a transformer and a plurality of motor guard, wherein said elements are housed within A first cabinet.
11. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada además porque el segundo módulo de control se encuentra conformado al menos, por un arrancador a tensión reducida, el cual se encarga de poner en funcionamiento el primer motor del sistema hidráulico, en donde dicho arrancador se encuentra alojado dentro de un segundo gabinete.  11. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 9, further characterized in that the second control module is formed at least by a reduced voltage starter, which is responsible for starting the first motor of the hydraulic system, where said starter is housed inside a second cabinet.
12. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada además porque el tercer módulo de control se encuentra conformado al menos, por un equipo central de control; una pluralidad de dispositivos de mando que se encuentran interconectados al equipo central de control; una pluralidad de dispositivos periféricos de control que se encuentran interconectados al equipo central de control; y, un dispositivo de telemetría interconectado al equipo central de control, en donde dichos elementos se encuentran alojados dentro de un tercer gabinete.  12. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 9, further characterized in that the third control module is formed at least by a central control equipment; a plurality of control devices that are interconnected to the central control equipment; a plurality of peripheral control devices that are interconnected to the central control equipment; and, a telemetry device interconnected to the central control equipment, where said elements are housed inside a third cabinet.
13. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 10, 11 y 12, caracterizada además porque el primer gabinete, el segundo gabinete y el tercer gabinete, cuentan con ranuras de ventilación, tanto en sus paredes laterales como en sus paredes superior e inferior, en donde dicha configuración permite lograr una adecuada ventilación de los equipos en su interior, lo que disminuye considerablemente fallas por temperaturas altas, incluso en regiones con climas desérticos.  13. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claims 10, 11 and 12, further characterized in that the first cabinet, the second cabinet and the third cabinet, have ventilation slots, both in their side walls and in their upper and lower walls, where said configuration allows adequate ventilation of the equipment inside, which considerably reduces failures due to high temperatures, even in regions with desert climates.
14. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 12, caracterizada además porque el equipo central de control está conformado por un controlador lógico programable (PLC) que se encarga de controlar y coordinar la operación de la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción; y, una terminal de operación (HMI), la cual se utiliza para asignar los valores de control de procesos al controlador lógico programable y para el monitoreo del estado de operación de la unidad hidráulica mejorada de extracción. 14. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 12, further characterized in that the central control equipment consists of a programmable logic controller (PLC) which is responsible for control and coordinate the operation of the improved hydraulic extraction unit; and, an operation terminal (HMI), which is used to assign the process control values to the programmable logic controller and for monitoring the operating status of the improved hydraulic extraction unit.
15. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 12, caracterizada además porque los elementos que conforman a la pluralidad de dispositivos de mando comprenden: una pluralidad de botones de operación; una pluralidad de sensores de nivel; una pluralidad de sensores de monitoreo de filtros; un sensor de proximidad; un transductor de temperatura; un transductor de presión; y, un transductor de flujo.  15. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 12, further characterized in that the elements that make up the plurality of control devices comprise: a plurality of operation buttons; a plurality of level sensors; a plurality of filter monitoring sensors; a proximity sensor; a temperature transducer; a pressure transducer; and, a flow transducer.
16. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 3 y 15, caracterizada además porque el sensor de proximidad se encuentra ubicado en la parte superior de la camisa y se encarga de sensar el paso del pistón por dicha posición.  16. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claims 3 and 15, further characterized in that the proximity sensor is located at the top of the jacket and is responsible for sensing the passage of the piston through said position.
17. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 8 y 15, caracterizada además porque el transductor de temperatura se encuentra ubicado entre el cilindro hidráulico y la segunda válvula de ajuste, estando en contacto con el fluido hidráulico del sistema hidráulico, el cual se encarga de medir constante la temperatura de dicho fluido hidráulico, en donde dicha información es utilizada por el controlador lógico programable, para controlar la operación del motor de enfriamiento de dicho sistema hidráulico.  17. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claims 8 and 15, further characterized in that the temperature transducer is located between the hydraulic cylinder and the second adjustment valve, being in contact with the hydraulic fluid of the hydraulic system , which is responsible for constantly measuring the temperature of said hydraulic fluid, wherein said information is used by the programmable logic controller, to control the operation of the cooling motor of said hydraulic system.
18. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 3, 8 y 15, caracterizada además porque el transductor de presión es un dispositivo que constantemente se encuentra monitoreando la presión del fluido hidráulico dentro del sistema hidráulico y se encarga de enviar señales con dichas mediciones al controlador lógico programable, en donde se procesan mediante un algoritmo y se obtiene el peso que está levantando el pistón del cilindro hidráulico, en donde transductor de presión se encuentra ubicado entre el cilindro hidráulico y la segunda válvula de ajuste.  18. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claims 3, 8 and 15, further characterized in that the pressure transducer is a device that is constantly monitoring the hydraulic fluid pressure within the hydraulic system and is responsible for sending signals with said measurements to the programmable logic controller, where they are processed by means of an algorithm and the weight that the hydraulic cylinder piston is lifting is obtained, where the pressure transducer is located between the hydraulic cylinder and the second adjustment valve.
19. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 3, 8 y 15, caracterizada además porque el transductor de flujo es un dispositivo que mide el gasto del fluido hidráulico en el sistema hidráulico cuando el pistón del cilindro hidráulico desciende y envía señales con dichas mediciones al controlador lógico programable, en donde se procesan mediante un algoritmo y se obtiene el desplazamiento longitudinal del pistón dentro del cilindro hidráulico; en donde el transductor de flujo es de tipo unidireccional y se encuentra ubicado entre la segunda válvula de ajuste y el reservorio. 19. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claims 3, 8 and 15, further characterized in that the flow transducer is a device that measures the expense of the hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic system when the hydraulic cylinder piston descends and sends signals with these measurements to the programmable logic controller, where they are processed by means of an algorithm and the longitudinal displacement of the piston inside the hydraulic cylinder is obtained; wherein the flow transducer is unidirectional and is located between the second adjustment valve and the reservoir.
20. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 3, 8 y 15, caracterizada además porque los elementos que conforman a la pluralidad de dispositivos periféricos de control se encuentran al menos, una primera electroválvula hidráulica que se encuentra en comunicación de fluidos con la primera válvula de ajuste y el reservorio; y, una segunda electroválvula hidráulica que se encuentra en comunicación de fluidos con la segunda válvula de ajuste y la tercera válvula de ajuste; en donde la primera electroválvula hidráulica, al energizarse, permite el paso de fluido hidráulico presurizado al cilindro hidráulico a través del puerto de entrada/salida, que origina que el pistón ascienda; y en donde la segunda electroválvula hidráulica, al energizarse, permite que el fluido hidráulico presurizado salga del cilindro hidráulico a través del puerto de entrada/salida.  20. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claims 3, 8 and 15, further characterized in that the elements that make up the plurality of peripheral control devices are at least one first hydraulic solenoid valve that is in communication of fluids with the first adjustment valve and reservoir; and, a second hydraulic solenoid valve that is in fluid communication with the second adjustment valve and the third adjustment valve; where the first hydraulic solenoid valve, when energized, allows the passage of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinder through the inlet / outlet port, which causes the piston to rise; and where the second hydraulic solenoid valve, when energized, allows the pressurized hydraulic fluid to exit the hydraulic cylinder through the inlet / outlet port.
21. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 15, caracterizada además porque el dispositivo de telemetría permite monitorear la operación de la unidad hidráulica de forma remota, a través del envío y recepción de señales satelitales.  21. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 15, further characterized in that the telemetry device allows monitoring the operation of the hydraulic unit remotely, by sending and receiving satellite signals.
22. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 14, caracterizada además porque el controlador lógico programable se encarga de llevar a cabo los siguientes procesos: control de la presión y fuerza del sistema hidráulico; control de la posición del desplazamiento del pistón dentro del cilindro hidráulico; control de la temperatura del fluido del sistema hidráulico; control de los tiempos de espera del pistón dentro del cilindro hidráulico; y, control de las carreras del pistón.  22. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 14, further characterized in that the programmable logic controller is responsible for carrying out the following processes: control of the pressure and force of the hydraulic system; control of the position of the piston displacement within the hydraulic cylinder; control of the fluid temperature of the hydraulic system; control of the waiting times of the piston inside the hydraulic cylinder; and, piston stroke control.
23. Una unidad hidráulica mejorada para equipo de extracción de conformidad con la reivindicación 14, caracterizada además porque la terminal de operación se interconecta al controlador lógico programable mediante un protocolo de comunicación RS232 y en donde los valores de operación que se suministran al controlador lógico programable mediante la terminal de operación corresponden a: la presión de operación deseada; distancia que recorrerá el pistón dentro del cilindro hidráulico; los tiempos de espera para obtener las carreras deseadas; y, la temperatura a la que se requiere poner en funcionamiento el segundo motor.  23. An improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment according to claim 14, further characterized in that the operation terminal is interconnected to the programmable logic controller via an RS232 communication protocol and wherein the operation values that are supplied to the programmable logic controller through the operation terminal correspond to: the desired operating pressure; distance the piston will travel inside the hydraulic cylinder; waiting times to get the desired races; and, the temperature at which it is required to start the second engine.
PCT/IB2014/002024 2014-10-03 2014-10-03 Improved hydraulic unit for extraction equipment used in the oil industry WO2016051223A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4761120A (en) * 1986-06-23 1988-08-02 Mayer James R Well pumping unit and control system
WO2007090193A2 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-09 Petro Hydraulic Lift System, L.L.C. Hydraulic oil well pumping apparatus
US20120114510A1 (en) * 2007-01-29 2012-05-10 Brown T Leon Reciprocated Pump System for Use in Oil Wells
US20140079560A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-20 Chris Hodges Hydraulic oil well pumping system, and method for pumping hydrocarbon fluids from a wellbore

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4761120A (en) * 1986-06-23 1988-08-02 Mayer James R Well pumping unit and control system
WO2007090193A2 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-09 Petro Hydraulic Lift System, L.L.C. Hydraulic oil well pumping apparatus
US20120114510A1 (en) * 2007-01-29 2012-05-10 Brown T Leon Reciprocated Pump System for Use in Oil Wells
US20140079560A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-20 Chris Hodges Hydraulic oil well pumping system, and method for pumping hydrocarbon fluids from a wellbore

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