WO2016041413A1 - 光伏空调系统及具有其的光伏空调 - Google Patents
光伏空调系统及具有其的光伏空调 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016041413A1 WO2016041413A1 PCT/CN2015/084752 CN2015084752W WO2016041413A1 WO 2016041413 A1 WO2016041413 A1 WO 2016041413A1 CN 2015084752 W CN2015084752 W CN 2015084752W WO 2016041413 A1 WO2016041413 A1 WO 2016041413A1
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 67
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
- F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
- F24F2005/0067—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy with photovoltaic panels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of household appliances, in particular to a photovoltaic air conditioning system and a photovoltaic air conditioner having the same.
- the circuit In order to facilitate the realization of photovoltaic cells to power the main circuit of the air conditioner, the circuit is simple and easy to implement.
- the existing photovoltaic air conditioning system with grid-connected inverter function is shown in Figure 1. Taking single-phase grid connection as an example, when the photovoltaic cell is connected to the photovoltaic air conditioning system, the Boost boost circuit is used to transmit the electric energy through the DC bus to the grid inverter circuit and the compressor inverter of the air conditioner.
- the grid-connected inverter circuit feeds the energy from the photovoltaic cells to the grid.
- the compressor inverter of the air conditioner inverts the DC power on the DC bus to the AC power required for the compressor speed regulation, and drives the compressor to operate.
- a rectification and PFC (Power Factor Corrention) circuit converts the alternating current output from the grid into direct current, and maintains the grid input power at a unit power factor.
- the rectifier is not rectified. Therefore, the rectifier and PFC circuits do not work and do not input power from the grid.
- the rectifier and PFC circuits are input from the grid. Electrical energy that drives the compressor operation of the air conditioner.
- the photovoltaic air conditioning system Although the photovoltaic battery is supplied to the main circuit of the air conditioner, when the grid-connected inverter is performed, the lower bus of the DC bus is still connected to the neutral line and the live line of the power grid through the rectifier bridge, which is easy.
- the grid-connected inverter current is returned to the lower busbar through the rectifier bridge, thereby disturbing the normal control of the grid-connected inverter current.
- a photovoltaic air conditioning system provided for achieving the object of the present invention, comprising a switch module, an inverter circuit, a rectifier circuit and a compressor inverter;
- the input end of the switch module is electrically connected to the power grid
- the first output end of the switch module is electrically connected to the first input/output end of the inverter circuit
- the second output end of the switch module is electrically connected to the input end of the rectifier circuit
- An output end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to an input end of the compressor inverter
- the input end of the switch module is not turned on at the same time as the first output end and the second output end of the switch module, and
- the power grid is connected to the photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic air conditioning system
- the power grid is in communication with a compressor of the air conditioner.
- the switch module includes a first switch and a second switch
- One end of the first switch and one end of the second switch are both input ends of the switch module, and are electrically connected to the power grid;
- the other end of the first switch is electrically connected to the first input/output end of the inverter circuit as a first output end of the switch module;
- the other end of the second switch is electrically connected to the input end of the rectifier circuit as a second output end of the switch module.
- the switch module comprises a single pole double throw switch
- the movable end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the power grid as an input end of the switch module;
- the first fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the first input/output end of the inverter circuit as a first output end of the switch module;
- the second fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the input end of the rectifier circuit as a second output end of the switch module.
- a third switch is further included, the third switch being electrically coupled between the second input/output of the inverter circuit and the input of the compressor inverter.
- a booster circuit and a DC/DC isolation circuit are further included; an input end of the booster circuit is electrically connected to an output end of the photovoltaic cell;
- the DC/DC isolation circuit is electrically coupled between an output of the boost circuit and a second input/output of the inverter circuit.
- the DC/DC isolation circuit includes an isolation transformer
- a primary coil of the isolation transformer is electrically connected to an output of the booster circuit
- a secondary coil of the isolation transformer is electrically coupled to a second input/output terminal of the inverter circuit.
- a power factor correction circuit is further included;
- the power factor correction circuit is electrically coupled between an input of the compressor inverter and an output of the rectifier circuit.
- a controller is further included;
- the controller is electrically connected to the switch module and the third switch respectively, and controls whether the input end of the switch module is turned on or off from the first output end or the second output end of the switch module, and The third switch is closed or opened.
- the first storage capacitor, the second storage capacitor, and the third storage capacitor are further included;
- the first storage capacitor is electrically connected between an output end of the DC/DC isolation circuit and a second input/output terminal of the inverter circuit;
- the second storage capacitor is electrically connected between an output end of the boosting circuit and an input end of the DC/DC isolation circuit;
- the third storage capacitor is electrically coupled between an output of the power factor correction circuit and an input of the compressor inverter.
- the present invention also provides a photovoltaic air conditioner comprising the photovoltaic air conditioning system as described above.
- the photovoltaic air conditioning system comprises a switch module, an inverter circuit, a rectifier circuit and a compressor inverter; the input end of the switch module is electrically connected to the power grid; the first output end of the switch module The first input/output end of the inverter circuit is electrically connected; the second output end of the switch module is electrically connected to the input end of the rectifier circuit; the output end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the input end of the compressor inverter; wherein, the switch When the input end of the module is not turned on at the same time as the first output end and the second output end of the switch module, and the input end of the switch module is electrically connected to the first output end of the switch module, the grid is connected to the photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic air conditioning system.
- the power grid is in communication with the compressor of the air conditioner.
- the rectifier circuit and the inverter circuit are not connected to the grid at the same time, thereby avoiding the mutual influence of the grid-connected inverter part and the rectification part of the air-conditioning drive system, and preventing the interference of the grid-connected current.
- the phenomenon of normal control The problem of normal control of interference grid-connected inverter current in the existing photovoltaic air-conditioning system is effectively solved.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit topology diagram of a conventional photovoltaic air conditioning system
- FIG. 2 is a circuit topology diagram of a specific embodiment of a photovoltaic air conditioning system of the present invention
- FIG 3 is a topological view of a DC/DC isolation circuit in a specific embodiment of a photovoltaic air conditioning system of the present invention.
- the photovoltaic air-conditioning system including the switch module and the inverter, is provided as a specific embodiment of the present invention. Circuits, rectifier circuits and compressor inverters.
- the input end of the switch module is electrically connected to the power grid; the first output end of the switch module is electrically connected to the first input/output end of the inverter circuit; and the second output end of the switch module is electrically connected to the input end of the rectifier circuit.
- the input end of the switch module is not turned on at the same time as the first output end and the second output end of the switch module
- the grid is connected with the photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic air conditioning system, thereby implementing grid-connected inverter of the photovoltaic cell.
- the power grid is connected to the compressor of the air conditioner, so that when the output power of the photovoltaic cell is insufficient to drive the air conditioner to operate, the compressor that is powered by the grid to the air conditioner Drive the air conditioner to operate normally.
- the output end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the input end of the compressor inverter, and is used for supplying a compressor to the air conditioner by the power grid.
- the air conditioner When the air conditioner is driven to operate normally, the AC power outputted by the power grid is rectified, so that the AC output of the power grid is converted.
- the rectifier circuit is preferably a bridge rectifier, that is, four diodes are connected in pairs, and the bridge rectifier circuit is connected.
- the input end of the switch module is electrically disconnected from the first output end and the second output end, so that the rectifier circuit and the photovoltaic system electrically connected with the compressor inverter of the air conditioner are The inverter circuit electrically connected to the battery is not connected to the grid at the same time.
- the switch module includes a first switch K1 and a second switch K2.
- One end of the first switch K1 and one end of the second switch K2 serve as input terminals of the switch module, and are electrically connected to the power grid.
- the other end of the first switch K1 serves as a first output terminal of the switch module and is electrically connected to the first input/output terminal of the inverter circuit.
- the other end of the second switch K2 serves as a second output of the switch module and is electrically connected to the input of the rectifier circuit.
- the first switch K1 is electrically connected between the inverter circuit and the power grid to control the closing and opening of the first switch K1, thereby achieving the connection and disconnection between the inverter circuit and the power grid.
- the second switch K2 is electrically connected between the rectifier circuit and the power grid to control the closing and opening of the second switch K2, thereby achieving the connection and disconnection of the rectifier circuit and the power grid.
- the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 cannot be closed at the same time. That is to say, when the grid-connected inverter is performed, the photovoltaic battery fuses the output power into the grid through the inverter circuit, so that the first switch K1 is controlled to be closed, so that the inverter circuit is connected to the grid. At the same time, the second switch K2 is controlled to be disconnected, and the rectifier circuit is disconnected from the grid, so that the current when the grid-connected inverter is not returned to the lower busbar of the DC bus through the rectifier circuit.
- the influence of the drive system part of the air conditioner ie, the circuit composed of the compressor inverter and the rectifier circuit of the air conditioner
- the grid-connected inverter part ie, the circuit composed of the photovoltaic cell and the inverter circuit and the power grid
- the switch module may also include a single pole double throw switch.
- the movable end of the single-pole double-throw switch is used as an input end of the switch module, and is electrically connected to the grid.
- the first fixed end of the single pole double throw switch is used as the first output end of the switch module, and is electrically connected to the first input/output end of the inverter circuit.
- the second fixed end of the single pole double throw switch is used as the second output end of the switch module and is electrically connected to the input end of the rectifier circuit.
- the movable end of the single-pole double-throw switch cannot be connected to its two fixed ends (the first fixed end and the second fixed end) at the same time, the movable end of the single-pole double-throw switch is set as the input end of the switch module, and the power grid
- the electrical connection directly controls the dynamic end of the single-pole double-throw switch to be electrically connected with the first fixed end, or controls the dynamic end of the single-pole double-throw switch to be electrically connected with the second fixed end, thereby realizing the connection between the inverter circuit and the power grid.
- the rectifier circuit is connected to the grid.
- the influence of the drive system of the air conditioner and the grid-connected inverter part is also avoided.
- only a single-pole double-throw switch can be realized, the circuit is simple, the cost is low, and it is easy to implement.
- the AC output from the grid can be single-phase or three-phase. That is to say, the grid can be a single-phase grid or a three-phase grid.
- the specific embodiments of the photovoltaic air conditioning system provided by the present invention all take a single-phase power grid as an example. However, it is not limited to the embodiment of the single phase power grid provided by the present invention.
- a booster circuit and a DC (Direct Current)/DC isolation circuit are further included.
- the input of the boost circuit is electrically coupled to the output of the photovoltaic cell.
- the photovoltaic cell converts the solar energy into electrical energy
- the lower voltage direct current outputted by the photovoltaic cell is boosted, converted into a higher voltage direct current, and input to the DC/DC isolation circuit.
- the DC/DC isolation circuit is electrically connected between the output end of the booster circuit and the second input/output terminal of the inverter circuit, so that the front and rear stages of the inverter circuit are completely electrically isolated, and the DC/DC isolation circuit is completely isolated.
- the problem that the ground leakage current of the photovoltaic cell in the existing photovoltaic air conditioning system affects the safety of the power grid is effectively solved.
- the DC/DC isolation circuit includes an isolation transformer.
- the primary winding of the isolation transformer is electrically coupled to the output of the boost circuit.
- the secondary winding of the isolation transformer is electrically coupled to the second input/output of the inverter circuit.
- the DC power boosted by the booster circuit is converted into a variable DC power suitable for grid-connected inverter, and input to the inverter circuit for grid-connected inverter.
- the isolation transformer can be a high frequency isolation transformer.
- the first input/output terminal of the inverter circuit is electrically connected to the power grid through the first switch K1, and the DC power converted by the DC/DC isolation circuit is inverted, converted into an alternating current with the same frequency and the same frequency of the power grid, and then input to the power grid to realize The grid connection of photovoltaic cells.
- the boosting circuit, the DC/DC isolation circuit, and the inverter circuit are electrically connected in sequence through the DC bus.
- the boost circuit can be a Boost boost circuit, or a DC/DC isolated boost circuit, or a combination of a Boost boost circuit and a DC/DC isolated boost circuit.
- the boost circuit is used for boosting on the one hand, and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic output on the other hand, that is, the boost circuit can include an MPPT module, so that the boost circuit has maximum power point tracking function.
- MPPT maximum power point tracking
- the photovoltaic current output voltage and current are collected by the MPPT module, and the power is calculated, and the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell output is controlled to ensure the power supply efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.
- the DC/DC isolation circuit further includes a first rectifier circuit electrically connected to the secondary coil of the isolation transformer and the second input of the inverter circuit. / between the outputs. specific:
- the first rectifying circuit can also preferably be a bridge rectifier, that is, a bridge rectifier circuit in which four diodes are butted together.
- the DC/DC isolation circuit further includes a current sampling circuit, a switching circuit and a control circuit thereof, an isolation transformer, and a first rectifier circuit. , voltage sampling circuit several parts. among them:
- Voltage sampling circuit used to sample the DC/DC isolation circuit output voltage value.
- Isolation transformer It plays the role of energy storage and transmission energy, electrical isolation and voltage transformation.
- the switching circuit and its control circuit control the output voltage by controlling the timing and time of turning on and off of the switching devices (S1, S2, S3, S4) in the switching circuit according to the sampled current and voltage.
- the first rectifier circuit converts the alternating voltage and current of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer into a direct current voltage and current.
- the DC/DC isolation circuit also includes a capacitor energy storage circuit and an associated filtering and protection circuit that improves circuit reliability.
- the photovoltaic air conditioning system as a specific embodiment further includes a first storage capacitor C1, and the first storage capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the output end of the DC/DC isolation circuit and the second input/output terminal of the inverter circuit. between.
- the first storage capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the output end of the DC/DC isolation circuit, and is electrically connected to the second input/output terminal of the inverter circuit. That is, the positive pole of the first storage capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the upper bus of the DC bus.
- the cathode of the first storage capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the lower bus of the DC bus.
- the first storage capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the output end of the DC/DC isolation circuit for reducing the noise of the DC current outputted by the DC/DC isolation circuit, thereby realizing the effect of stabilizing the voltage between the upper bus and the lower bus of the DC bus. .
- a second storage capacitor C2 is further included.
- the second storage capacitor C2 is electrically connected between the output end of the booster circuit and the input end of the DC/DC isolation circuit, and serves as a bypass capacitor of the booster circuit for boosting the DC output of the photovoltaic cell when the booster circuit After the voltage is input to the DC/DC isolation circuit via the DC bus, the change of the current on the DC bus is reduced, thereby reducing the noise of the DC voltage outputted by the booster circuit, thereby realizing the voltage regulation.
- a photovoltaic air conditioning system as another specific embodiment of the present invention further includes a power factor correction circuit and an EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) filter.
- EMI Electromagnetic Interference
- the power factor correction circuit is electrically connected between the input end of the compressor inverter and the output end of the rectifier circuit, and is electrically connected to the rectifier circuit and the EMI filter in sequence, and is electrically connected to the power grid through the second switch K2.
- a third storage capacitor C3 is electrically connected between the output of the power factor correction circuit and the input of the compressor inverter.
- the power factor correction circuit outputs a stable voltage by electrically connecting the third storage capacitor C3 between the output of the power factor correction circuit and the input of the compressor inverter for voltage regulation.
- the air conditioner can control the state of the switch module according to the real-time output power of the solar panel, so that the output energy of the solar panel can be utilized to the utmost.
- a photovoltaic air conditioning system as another specific embodiment of the present invention further includes a third switch K3.
- the third switch K3 is electrically connected between the second input/output terminal of the inverter circuit and the input end of the compressor inverter to control the turning on or off between the photovoltaic cell and the compressor of the air conditioner.
- the power supply mode can be enriched, that is, by controlling the first switch K1, the second switch K2 and the third switch K3.
- the combined state realizes the conversion of different working states of the photovoltaic air conditioning system.
- Affecting the normal operation of the grid-connected inverter part of the photovoltaic cell, or the failure of the grid-connected inverter part of the photovoltaic cell does not affect the normal operation of the driving part of the air conditioner. That is to say, by electrically connecting the third switch K3 between the inverter circuit and the compressor inverter in the photovoltaic air conditioning system, by controlling the disconnection of the third switch K3, it is possible to realize that the road that has not failed can still be normal. jobs.
- first switch K1, the second switch K2, and the third switch K3 are all controllable switches.
- the combination state of the first switch K1, the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 can be changed by controlling the opening or closing of the first switch K1, the second switch K2 and the third switch K3, respectively, to realize different work of the photovoltaic air conditioning system. Switching of status.
- the controller is electrically connected to the switch module and the third switch K3, respectively, to control whether the input end of the switch module is turned on or off from the first output end or the second output end of the switch module, and The three switches K3 are closed or opened.
- the first switch K1, the second switch K2, and the third switch K3 may be separately controlled by a controller (not shown).
- the first switch K1, the second switch K2, and the third switch K3 are electrically connected to each other by a setting controller.
- the opening or closing of the first switch K1, the second switch K2, and the third switch K3 are respectively controlled by the controller according to the operating state of the photovoltaic air conditioning system.
- the controller can be a DSP control chip.
- the output power signal of the photovoltaic cell and the power signal required for the operation of the air conditioner are respectively collected by the DSP control chip, and the working state of the photovoltaic air conditioning system is determined by the output power signal of the collected photovoltaic cell and the power signal required for the operation of the air conditioner. State 1, State 2 or State 3.
- the first switch K1, the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 are respectively controlled to perform corresponding opening or closing actions.
- the working state of the photovoltaic air conditioning system is state for one time, and the control The state of the switch control switch is: the first switch K1 is closed, the second switch K2 is open, and the third switch K3 is closed. Hehe.
- the photovoltaic cell supplies power to the air conditioner and the inverter circuit at the same time, that is, the inverter circuit transmits excess power of the photovoltaic battery to the power grid. That is, the photovoltaic cells are simultaneously powered and connected to the grid.
- the rectifier circuit and the power factor correction circuit are completely disconnected from the power grid, thereby completely disconnecting the neutral line N and the live line L of the rectification input from the power grid, and the DC bus.
- the lower busbar and the neutral line N or the live line L of the power grid no longer form a loop, which avoids the phenomenon that the grid-connected inverter current returns to the lower busbar through the rectifier circuit, and ensures that the zero line current and the live line current output by the inverter circuit are equal.
- the controller determines, according to the collected output power signal of the photovoltaic cell and the power signal required for the operation of the air conditioner, that the output power of the photovoltaic cell is less than or equal to the power required for the operation of the air conditioner, and the working state of the photovoltaic air conditioning system is state two,
- the controller controls the switch combination state as: the first switch K1 is open, the second switch K2 is closed, and the third switch K3 is closed.
- the output DC power is directly input to the compressor inverter, and the compressor inverter converts the DC power into the AC power required for the compressor motor speed regulation, thereby realizing direct power supply of the photovoltaic cell. Run the air conditioner.
- the AC power outputted by the power grid is filtered by the EMI filter, and then rectified by the rectifier circuit, and the AC power outputted by the power grid is converted into DC power, and then input to the power factor correction circuit.
- the power factor correction circuit controls the grid input current to be in phase with the grid voltage and is input to the compressor inverter.
- the compressor inverter converts the DC power into the AC power required for the compressor motor speed regulation, and realizes the grid power supply to the air conditioner. run.
- the controller determines that the working state of the photovoltaic air conditioning system is state three according to the output power signal of the photovoltaic cell and the operating power signal of the air conditioner, the combined state of the control switch is: the first switch K1 is closed, the second switch K2 is disconnected, The three switch K3 is disconnected.
- the photovoltaic cell only supplies power to the inverter circuit, and the inverter circuit delivers the energy outputted by the photovoltaic cell to the power grid to realize the grid connection of the photovoltaic cell.
- the second switch K2 Since the second switch K2 is in the off state when the photovoltaic cell is only connected to the grid, the phenomenon that the grid-connected inverter current returns to the lower bus through the rectifier circuit is also avoided, and the neutral current and the live current output of the inverter circuit are ensured. equal.
- the switching of different working states of the photovoltaic air conditioning system is realized, and the maximum utilization of photovoltaic energy is realized.
- the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 are not closed at the same time, the mutual influence of the grid-connected inverter circuit and the power factor correction circuit is avoided, and the normal control of the grid-connected current is ensured.
- the controller can also be an integrated circuit composed of comparators. Comparing the output power of the photovoltaic cell with the power required for operation of the air conditioner by the comparator, thereby determining the working state of the photovoltaic air conditioning system, and then controlling the first switch K1, the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 to perform corresponding breaks Open or close. The switching of different working states of the photovoltaic air conditioning system is also realized, and the maximum utilization of the photovoltaic cell energy is ensured.
- the present invention also provides a photovoltaic air conditioner comprising the photovoltaic air conditioning system as described above.
- a photovoltaic air conditioner comprising the photovoltaic air conditioning system as described above.
Abstract
一种光伏空调系统及具有其的光伏空调,其中光伏空调系统包括开关模块、逆变电路、整流电路和压缩机逆变器;开关模块的输入端与电网电连接;开关模块的第一输出端与逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;开关模块的第二输出端与整流电路的输入端电连接;整流电路的输出端与压缩机逆变器的输入端电连接;开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第一输出端和第二输出端不同时导通,且开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第一输出端导通时,电网与光伏空调系统中的光伏电池连通;开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第二输出端导通时,电网与空调器的压缩机连通。其通过设置开关模块,有效地解决了现有的光伏空调系统中干扰并网逆变电流正常控制的问题。
Description
相关申请
本专利申请要求2014年9月19日申请的,申请号为201410484082.1,名称为“光伏空调系统及具有其的光伏空调”的中国专利申请的优先权,在此将其全文引入作为参考。
本发明涉及家用电器领域,特别是涉及一种光伏空调系统及具有其的光伏空调。
为方便实现光伏电池给空调主电路供电,同时电路简单,便于实现,现有的带有并网逆变功能的光伏空调系统如图1所示。以单相并网为例,当光伏电池接入光伏空调系统后,经过Boost升压电路将电能通过直流母线传输至并网逆变电路和空调器的压缩机逆变器。并网逆变电路将光伏电池发出的电能馈送至电网。空调器的压缩机逆变器将直流母线上的直流电逆变为压缩机调速所需要的交流电,驱动压缩机运行。
当使用电网电能驱动空调器的压缩机运行时,整流和PFC(Power Factor Corrention,功率因数校正)电路将电网输出的交流电转换成直流电,且使电网输入电能保持单位功率因数。并网逆变电路进行并网逆变时不做整流,因此,整流和PFC电路不工作,不从电网输入电能;并网逆变电路不进行并网逆变时,整流和PFC电路从电网输入电能,驱动空调器的压缩机运行。
通过上述光伏空调系统,虽然实现了光伏电池供电给空调主电路,但是,在进行并网逆变时,直流母线的下母线通过整流桥与电网的零线和火线仍有连接,这就很容易使并网逆变电流通过整流桥回到下母线,从而干扰并网逆变电流的正常控制。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对现有的光伏空调系统中干扰并网逆变电流正常控制的问题,提供一种光伏空调系统及具有其的光伏空调。
为实现本发明目的提供的一种光伏空调系统,包括开关模块、逆变电路、整流电路和压缩机逆变器;
所述开关模块的输入端与电网电连接;
所述开关模块的第一输出端与所述逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;
所述开关模块的第二输出端与所述整流电路的输入端电连接;
所述整流电路的输出端与所述压缩机逆变器的输入端电连接;
所述开关模块的输入端与所述开关模块的第一输出端和第二输出端不同时导通,且
所述开关模块的输入端与所述开关模块的第一输出端导通时,所述电网与所述光伏空调系统中的光伏电池连通;
所述开关模块的输入端与所述开关模块的第二输出端导通时,所述电网与空调器的压缩机连通。
在其中一个实施例中,所述开关模块包括第一开关和第二开关;
所述第一开关的一端和所述第二开关的一端均作为所述开关模块的输入端,与所述电网电连接;
所述第一开关的另一端作为所述开关模块的第一输出端,与所述逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;
所述第二开关的另一端作为所述开关模块的第二输出端,与所述整流电路的输入端电连接。
在其中一个实施例中,所述开关模块包括单刀双掷开关;
所述单刀双掷开关的动端作为所述开关模块的输入端,与所述电网电连接;
所述单刀双掷开关的第一不动端作为所述开关模块的第一输出端,与所述逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;
所述单刀双掷开关的第二不动端作为所述开关模块的第二输出端,与所述整流电路的输入端电连接。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括第三开关,所述第三开关电连接在所述逆变电路的第二输入/输出端与所述压缩机逆变器的输入端之间。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括升压电路和DC/DC隔离电路;所述升压电路的输入端与所述光伏电池的输出端电连接;
所述DC/DC隔离电路电连接在所述升压电路的输出端和所述逆变电路的第二输入/输出端之间。
在其中一个实施例中,所述DC/DC隔离电路包括隔离变压器;
所述隔离变压器的初级线圈与所述升压电路的输出端电连接;
所述隔离变压器的次级线圈与所述逆变电路的第二输入/输出端电连接。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括功率因数校正电路;
所述功率因数校正电路电连接在所述压缩机逆变器的输入端与所述整流电路的输出端之间。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括控制器;
所述控制器分别与所述开关模块和所述第三开关电连接,控制所述开关模块的输入端与所述开关模块的第一输出端或第二输出端的导通或断开,以及所述第三开关的闭合或断开。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括第一储能电容、第二储能电容和第三储能电容;
所述第一储能电容电连接在所述DC/DC隔离电路的输出端与所述逆变电路的第二输入/输出端之间;
所述第二储能电容电连接在所述升压电路的输出端与所述DC/DC隔离电路的输入端之间;
所述第三储能电容电连接在所述功率因数校正电路的输出端与所述压缩机逆变器的输入端之间。
相应的,本发明还提供了一种光伏空调,包括如上任意所述的光伏空调系统。
上述光伏空调系统及具有其的光伏空调有益效果:光伏空调系统包括开关模块、逆变电路、整流电路和压缩机逆变器;开关模块的输入端与电网电连接;开关模块的第一输出端与逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;开关模块的第二输出端与整流电路的输入端电连接;整流电路的输出端与压缩机逆变器的输入端电连接;其中,开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第一输出端和第二输出端不同时导通,且开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第一输出端导通时,电网与光伏空调系统中的光伏电池连通;开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第二输出端导通时,电网与空调器的压缩机连通。其通过在光伏空调系统中设置开关模块,使得整流电路和逆变电路不同时与电网导通,从而避免了并网逆变部分与空调驱动系统的整流部分的相互影响,防止干扰并网电流的正常控制的现象。有效地解决了现有的光伏空调系统中干扰并网逆变电流正常控制的问题。
图1为现有的光伏空调系统的电路拓扑图;
图2为本发明的光伏空调系统一具体实施例的电路拓扑图;
图3为本发明的光伏空调系统一具体实施例中DC/DC隔离电路拓扑图。
为使本发明技术方案更加清楚,以下结合附图及具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
参见图1,在传统的光伏空调系统中,当光伏电池进行并网逆变时,整流输入的零线N和火线L没有完全从电网断开,直流母线的下母线通过整流桥与电网的零线N或火线L
仍然连接。这就很容易使得并网逆变电流通过整流桥回流至下母线,从而使得并网逆变电路输出的零线电流和火线电流不相等,干扰并网电流的正常控制。
因此,为避免并网逆变电路输出的零线电流和火线电流不相等,干扰并网电流的正常控制的现象,作为本发明提供的一具体实施例的光伏空调系统,包括开关模块、逆变电路、整流电路和压缩机逆变器。
开关模块的输入端与电网电连接;开关模块的第一输出端与逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;开关模块的第二输出端与整流电路的输入端电连接。
其中,开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第一输出端和第二输出端不同时导通,且
开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第一输出端导通时,电网与光伏空调系统中的光伏电池连通,从而实现光伏电池的并网逆变。
开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第二输出端导通时,电网与空调器的压缩机连通,使得当光伏电池的输出功率不足以驱动空调器运行时,由电网供电给空调器的压缩机,驱动空调器正常运行。
整流电路的输出端与压缩机逆变器的输入端电连接,用于由电网供电给空调器的压缩机,驱动空调器正常运行时,将电网输出的交流电进行整流,使得电网输出的交流电转换为适合空调器的压缩机逆变器使用的直流电。再由空调器的压缩机逆变器将直流电转换成空调器的压缩机电机调速所需的交流电,从而驱动空调器运行。
其中,整流电路优选为桥式整流器,即四个二极管两两对接,连接成的桥式整流电路。
其通过在光伏空调系统中设置开关模块,通过开关模块的输入端与第一输出端和第二输出端不同时导通,使得与空调器的压缩机逆变器电连接的整流电路和与光伏电池电连接的逆变电路不同时与电网接通。
当进行并网逆变时,因为开关模块的输入端与第一输出端导通,而开关模块的输入端与第二输出端断开,因此整流电路输入的零线N和火线L从电网完全断开,直流母线的下母线通过整流电路与电网的零线N或火线L不会连接,从而使得并网逆变电流不会再通过整流电路回流至下母线。避免了并网逆变部分与空调驱动系统的整流部分的相互影响,防止干扰并网电流的正常控制的现象。有效地解决了现有的光伏空调系统中干扰并网逆变电流正常控制的问题。
需要说明的是,参见图2,开关模块包括第一开关K1和第二开关K2。
第一开关K1的一端和第二开关K2的一端均作为开关模块的输入端,与电网电连接。
第一开关K1的另一端作为开关模块的第一输出端,与逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接。
第二开关K2的另一端作为开关模块的第二输出端,与整流电路的输入端电连接。
通过将第一开关K1电连接在逆变电路和电网之间,控制第一开关K1的闭合和断开,从而实现逆变电路与电网之间的接通和断开。将第二开关K2电连接在整流电路和电网之间,控制第二开关K2的闭合和断开,从而实现整流电路与电网的接通和断开。
其中,第一开关K1和第二开关K2不能同时闭合。也就是说,当进行并网逆变时,光伏电池通过逆变电路将输出的电量并入电网,因此控制第一开关K1闭合,使得逆变电路与电网接通。同时,控制第二开关K2断开,将整流电路与电网断开,从而使得并网逆变时的电流不会通过整流电路回流至直流母线的下母线。避免了空调器的驱动系统部分(即空调器的压缩机逆变器以及整流电路等组成的电路)与并网逆变部分(即光伏电池与逆变电路以及电网组成的电路)的影响,防止了并网逆变电流的回流对并网逆变电流正常控制的干扰。
另外,需要说明的是,开关模块也可包括单刀双掷开关。通过增加一单刀双掷开关,单刀双掷开关的动端作为开关模块的输入端,与电网电连接。
单刀双掷开关的第一不动端作为开关模块的第一输出端,与逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接。
单刀双掷开关的第二不动端作为开关模块的第二输出端,与整流电路的输入端电连接。
由于单刀双掷开关的动端不能同时与其两个不动端(第一不动端和第二不动端)连接,因此通过设置单刀双掷开关的动端作为开关模块的输入端,与电网电连接,直接控制单刀双掷开关的动端与第一不动端电连接,或控制单刀双掷开关的动端与第二不动端电连接,从而实现逆变电路与电网的接通,或整流电路与电网的接通。同样避免了空调器的驱动系统与并网逆变部分的影响。并且,只需一个单刀双掷开关即可实现,电路简单,成本低廉,易于实现。
需要指出的是,电网输出的交流电可为单相电,也可为三相电。也就是说,电网可为单相电网,也可为三相电网。本发明提供的光伏空调系统的具体实施例均以单相电网为例。但是,并不局限于本发明提供的单相电网的实施例。
进一步的,参见图2,作为本发明提供的光伏空调系统的一具体实施例,还包括升压电路和DC(Direct Current,直流)/DC隔离电路。
升压电路的输入端与光伏电池的输出端电连接。用于当光伏电池将太阳能转换为电能后,对光伏电池输出的较低电压的直流电进行升压,转换成较高电压的直流电,输入至DC/DC隔离电路。
DC/DC隔离电路电连接在升压电路的输出端和逆变电路的第二输入/输出端之间,使得逆变电路前后级电气完全隔离,同时也使得DC/DC隔离电路完全隔离,从而实现光伏电池
与电网之间的电气隔离。如此,光伏电池的对地漏电流不会进入逆变电路内部,避免了并网逆变电流中对地共模分量的增加。有效解决了现有的光伏空调系统中光伏电池的对地漏电流影响电网的安全的问题。
其中,作为一种可实施方式,DC/DC隔离电路中包括隔离变压器。隔离变压器的初级线圈与升压电路的输出端电连接。隔离变压器的次级线圈与逆变电路的第二输入/输出端电连接。将经升压电路升压后的直流电转换为适合并网逆变的可变的直流电,并输入至逆变电路进行并网逆变。通过采用隔离变压器实现逆变电路前后级电气完全隔离,从而实现光伏电池与电网之间的电气隔离,简单方便,易于实现。
值得说明的是,隔离变压器可为高频隔离变压器。
逆变电路的第一输入/输出端通过第一开关K1与电网电连接,将经DC/DC隔离电路转换的直流电进行逆变,转换为与电网同频同相的交流电后,输入至电网,实现光伏电池的并网。
需要说明的是,升压电路、DC/DC隔离电路和逆变电路通过直流母线依次电连接。同时,升压电路可为Boost升压电路、或DC/DC隔离升压电路、或Boost升压电路和DC/DC隔离升压电路的组合电路。
升压电路一方面用于升压;另一方面还可以进行光伏输出最大功率点跟踪(MPPT,Maximum Power Point Tracking),即升压电路可以包括MPPT模块,使得升压电路具有最大功率点跟踪功能,通过MPPT模块采集光伏电流输出电压和电流,并计算功率,并控制追踪光伏电池输出的最大功率点,保证光伏电池的供电效率。
进一步的,作为一具体实施例的光伏空调系统,参见图3,DC/DC隔离电路还包括第一整流电路,第一整流电路电连接在隔离变压器的次级线圈与逆变电路的第二输入/输出端之间。具体的:
第一整流电路同样可优选为桥式整流器,即为四个二极管两两对接,连接成的桥式整流电路。
更进一步的,作为本发明提供的DC/DC隔离电路的一种可实施方式,参见图3,DC/DC隔离电路还包括电流采样电路、开关电路及其控制电路、隔离变压器、第一整流电路、电压采样电路几个部分。其中:
电流采样电路:用于采样隔离变压器初级线圈的电流值。
电压采样电路:用于采样DC/DC隔离电路输出电压值。
隔离变压器:起到储能和传输能量、电气隔离、变压的作用。
开关电路及其控制电路:根据采样的电流和电压,控制开关电路中开关器件(S1、S2、S3、S4)的开通和关断的时序和时间,来控制输出电压。
第一整流电路:把隔离变压器次级线圈的交流电压和电流变为直流电压和电流。
除此之外,DC/DC隔离电路还包括电容储能电路及提高电路可靠性的相关滤波、保护电路。另外,作为一具体实施例的光伏空调系统,还包括第一储能电容C1,第一储能电容C1电连接在DC/DC隔离电路的输出端与逆变电路的第二输入/输出端之间。具体的,第一储能电容C1与DC/DC隔离电路的输出端电连接后,与逆变电路的第二输入/输出端电连接。即第一储能电容C1的正极与直流母线的上母线电连接。第一储能电容C1的负极与直流母线的下母线电连接。
通过在DC/DC隔离电路的输出端电连接第一储能电容C1,用于减小DC/DC隔离电路输出的直流电的噪声,实现稳定直流母线的上母线和下母线之间的电压的作用。
需要说明的是,作为一具体实施例的光伏空调系统,还包括第二储能电容C2。第二储能电容C2电连接在升压电路的输出端与DC/DC隔离电路的输入端之间,作为升压电路的旁路电容,用于当升压电路将光伏电池输出的直流电进行升压后,经直流母线输入至DC/DC隔离电路时,减小直流母线上的电流的变化,进而减小升压电路输出的直流电压的噪声,实现稳压的作用。
参见图2,作为本发明提供的另一具体实施例的光伏空调系统,还包括功率因数校正电路和EMI(Electromagnetic Interference,电磁干扰)滤波器。
功率因数校正电路电连接在压缩机逆变器的输入端与整流电路的输出端之间,与整流电路和EMI滤波器依次电连接后,通过第二开关K2与电网电连接。
同时,功率因数校正电路的输出端与压缩机逆变器的输入端之间还电连接有第三储能电容C3。通过将第三储能电容C3电连接在功率因数校正电路的输出端与压缩机逆变器的输入端之间,用于稳压,使得功率因数校正电路输出稳定的电压。
应当指出的是,当光伏空调系统应用于空调器上时,存在有三种工作状态:
状态一、当光伏电池输出的功率远远大于空调器运行所需功率时,光伏电池同时供电给空调器和并网逆变电路,即光伏电池同时进行供电和并网。
状态二、当光伏电池输出的功率小于或等于空调器运行所需功率时,由电网和光伏电池同时供电给空调器,或仅由光伏电池供电给空调器。即光伏电池只供电,不并网。
状态三、当空调器不工作时,即空调器运行所需功率为零时,光伏电池只进行并网,将输出的功率输入至电网。
空调器能够根据太阳能电池板的实时输出功率控制开关模块的状态,使太阳能电池板的输出能量得到最大限度的利用。
因此,参见图2,作为本发明提供的另一具体实施例的光伏空调系统,还包括第三开关K3。
第三开关K3电连接在逆变电路的第二输入/输出端与压缩机逆变器的输入端之间,控制光伏电池与空调器的压缩机之间的接通或断开。
其通过在光伏空调系统中的逆变电路和压缩机逆变器之间加入第三开关K3,一方面能够丰富供电方式,即通过控制第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3的组合状态,实现光伏空调系统的不同工作状态的转换。另一方面还能够隔离故障,当故障发生时,通过控制第三开关K3断开,将空调器的驱动部分与光伏电池的并网逆变部分隔离,使得空调器的驱动部分发生故障时不会影响光伏电池的并网逆变部分的正常运行,或光伏电池的并网逆变部分发生故障时不会影响空调器的驱动部分正常运行。也就是说,通过在光伏空调系统中的逆变电路与压缩机逆变器之间电连接第三开关K3,通过控制第三开关K3的断开,能够实现让未发生故障的一路仍能正常工作。
需要说明的是,第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3均为可控开关。可通过分别控制第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3的断开或闭合,来改变第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3的组合状态,实现光伏空调系统不同工作状态的切换。
具体的,可通过设置控制器,控制器分别与开关模块和第三开关K3电连接,控制开关模块的输入端与开关模块的第一输出端或第二输出端的导通或断开,以及第三开关K3的闭合或断开。
以下以开关模块为第一开关K1和第二开关K2为例,做进一步说明。
第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3可由控制器(图中未示出)分别控制。通过设置控制器分别与第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3电连接。由控制器根据光伏空调系统的工作状态,来分别控制第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3的断开或闭合。
其中,控制器可为DSP控制芯片。通过DSP控制芯片分别采集光伏电池的输出功率信号,以及空调器运行所需功率信号,并通过所采集的光伏电池的输出功率信号和空调器运行所需功率信号,判断光伏空调系统的工作状态为状态一、状态二或状态三。然后根据所判断出的光伏空调系统的工作状态,分别控制第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3执行相应的断开或闭合动作。
需要说明的是,由于开关模块的输入端与其第一输出端和第二输出端不同时导通,因此第一开关K1和第二开关K2不能同时闭合。这就使得并网逆变电路与功率因数校正电路的不能同时工作,从而避免了并网逆变部分与整流功率因数校正部分的相互影响。
更为具体的:
当控制器根据采集到的光伏电池的输出功率信号和空调器运行所需功率信号,判断出光伏电池的输出功率远远大于空调器运行所需功率,光伏空调系统的工作状态为状态一时,控制器控制开关组合状态为:第一开关K1闭合、第二开关K2断开、第三开关K3闭
合。光伏电池同时给空调器和逆变电路供电,即逆变电路将光伏电池多余的电能输送至电网。即光伏电池同时进行供电和并网。
此时,由于第二开关K2为断开状态,也就使得整流电路和功率因数校正电路与电网之间完全断开,从而将整流输入的零线N和火线L完全从电网断开,直流母线的下母线与电网的零线N或火线L不再构成回路,避免了并网逆变电流通过整流电路回到下母线的现象,保证了逆变电路输出的零线电流和火线电流相等。
当控制器根据采集到的光伏电池的输出功率信号和空调器运行所需功率信号,判断出光伏电池的输出功率小于或等于空调器运行所需功率,光伏空调系统的工作状态为状态二时,控制器控制开关组合状态为:第一开关K1断开、第二开关K2闭合、第三开关K3闭合。光伏电池通过升压电路和DC/DC隔离电路后,输出的直流电直接输入至压缩机逆变器,压缩机逆变器将直流电转换为压缩机电机调速所需的交流电,实现光伏电池直接供电给空调器运行。同时,电网输出的交流电经EMI滤波器滤波后,再经整流电路进行整流,将电网输出的交流电转换为直流电后,输入至功率因数校正电路。功率因数校正电路控制电网输入电流与电网电压同频同相后,输入至压缩机逆变器,压缩机逆变器再将直流电转换为压缩机电机调速所需的交流电,实现电网供电给空调器运行。
当控制器根据光伏电池的输出功率信号和空调器运行功率信号,判断出光伏空调系统的工作状态为状态三时,控制开关组合状态为:第一开关K1闭合、第二开关K2断开、第三开关K3断开。此时,光伏电池只给逆变电路供电,逆变电路将光伏电池输出的电能输送至电网,实现光伏电池的并网。由于,光伏电池只进行并网时,第二开关K2为断开状态,同样避免了并网逆变电流通过整流电路回到下母线的现象,保证了逆变电路输出的零线电流和火线电流相等。
其通过控制第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3的开关组合状态,实现光伏空调系统不同工作状态的切换,实现了光伏能量的最大利用率。并且,由于第一开关K1和第二开关K2不会同时闭合,避免了并网逆变电路和功率因数校正电路的相互影响,保证了并网电流的正常控制。
值得说明的是,控制器也可为由比较器组成的集成电路。通过比较器分别对光伏电池的输出功率和空调器运行所需功率进行比较,从而判断出光伏空调系统的工作状态,进而控制第一开关K1、第二开关K2和第三开关K3执行相应的断开或闭合。同样实现了光伏空调系统不同工作状态的切换,保证了光伏电池能量的最大利用率。
另外,需要说明的是,本发明还提供了一种光伏空调,包括如上任一所述的光伏空调系统。通过将如上任一所述的光伏空调系统应用于光伏空调,使得光伏电池的对地漏电流不会与空调器的压缩机电机轴电流叠加,避免了压缩机电机轴电流的增加,从而提高了光
伏空调的安全性和可靠性。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
- 一种光伏空调系统,其特征在于,包括开关模块、逆变电路、整流电路和压缩机逆变器;所述开关模块的输入端与电网电连接;所述开关模块的第一输出端与所述逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;所述开关模块的第二输出端与所述整流电路的输入端电连接;所述整流电路的输出端与所述压缩机逆变器的输入端电连接;所述开关模块的输入端与所述开关模块的第一输出端和第二输出端不同时导通,且所述开关模块的输入端与所述开关模块的第一输出端导通时,所述电网与所述光伏空调系统中的光伏电池连通;所述开关模块的输入端与所述开关模块的第二输出端导通时,所述电网与空调器的压缩机连通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏空调系统,其特征在于,所述开关模块包括第一开关和第二开关;所述第一开关的一端和所述第二开关的一端均作为所述开关模块的输入端,与所述电网电连接;所述第一开关的另一端作为所述开关模块的第一输出端,与所述逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;所述第二开关的另一端作为所述开关模块的第二输出端,与所述整流电路的输入端电连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏空调系统,其特征在于,所述开关模块包括单刀双掷开关;所述单刀双掷开关的动端作为所述开关模块的输入端,与所述电网电连接;所述单刀双掷开关的第一不动端作为所述开关模块的第一输出端,与所述逆变电路的第一输入/输出端电连接;所述单刀双掷开关的第二不动端作为所述开关模块的第二输出端,与所述整流电路的输入端电连接。
- 根据权利要求2或3所述的光伏空调系统,其特征在于,还包括第三开关,所述第三开关电连接在所述逆变电路的第二输入/输出端与所述压缩机逆变器的输入端之间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的光伏空调系统,其特征在于,还包括升压电路和DC/DC隔 离电路;所述升压电路的输入端与所述光伏电池的输出端电连接;所述DC/DC隔离电路电连接在所述升压电路的输出端和所述逆变电路的第二输入/输出端之间。
- 根据权利要求5所述的光伏空调系统,其特征在于,所述DC/DC隔离电路包括隔离变压器;所述隔离变压器的初级线圈与所述升压电路的输出端电连接;所述隔离变压器的次级线圈与所述逆变电路的第二输入/输出端电连接。
- 根据权利要求5所述的光伏空调系统,其特征在于,还包括功率因数校正电路;所述功率因数校正电路电连接在所述压缩机逆变器的输入端与所述整流电路的输出端之间。
- 根据权利要求4所述的光伏空调系统,其特征在于,还包括控制器;所述控制器分别与所述开关模块和所述第三开关电连接,控制所述开关模块的输入端与所述开关模块的第一输出端或第二输出端的导通或断开,以及所述第三开关的闭合或断开。
- 根据权利要求7所述的光伏空调系统,其特征在于,还包括第一储能电容、第二储能电容和第三储能电容;所述第一储能电容电连接在所述DC/DC隔离电路的输出端与所述逆变电路的第二输入/输出端之间;所述第二储能电容电连接在所述升压电路的输出端与所述DC/DC隔离电路的输入端之间;所述第三储能电容电连接在所述功率因数校正电路的输出端与所述压缩机逆变器的输入端之间。
- 一种光伏空调,其特征在于,包括权利要求1至9任一项所述的光伏空调系统。
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EP3196999A1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
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