WO2016019903A1 - 一种耐磨钢球的生产设备及生产工艺 - Google Patents

一种耐磨钢球的生产设备及生产工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016019903A1
WO2016019903A1 PCT/CN2015/086384 CN2015086384W WO2016019903A1 WO 2016019903 A1 WO2016019903 A1 WO 2016019903A1 CN 2015086384 W CN2015086384 W CN 2015086384W WO 2016019903 A1 WO2016019903 A1 WO 2016019903A1
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steel ball
ball
wear
cooling system
resistant steel
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PCT/CN2015/086384
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蒋明根
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苏州中门子科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers

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  • the invention belongs to the field of mechanical equipment, in particular to a production equipment of wear-resistant steel balls, and at the same time, the invention also relates to a production process of wear-resistant steel balls.
  • the above process can only meet the production of steel balls with low progress requirements, so that the internal structure of the steel balls will not be too different, and the process will not be able to achieve high-precision steel ball production.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an improved wear-resistant steel ball production apparatus.
  • the present invention also provides a production process of a wear resistant steel ball.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the invention relates to a production equipment of wear-resistant steel balls, which comprises a steel rod heating furnace, a shear bar machine connected with the steel rod heating furnace outlet, a rough forging machine at the exit of the shear bar machine, a precision forging machine, a quenching system and tempering
  • the system, as well as the steel ball conveying channel, in particular, the production equipment also includes the connection a cooling system on the branch of the conveying passage into the quenching system, a lifting device for lifting the steel ball not sent to the quenching system to the cooling system, and a secondary heating system connected to the volleyball port of the cooling system, wherein the secondary heating The discharge port of the system is in communication with the inlet of the quenching system.
  • the carrying device comprises an annular lifting chain arranged along the vertical direction, a hopper provided on the annular lifting chain by the connecting seat, and a driving mechanism for driving the circular chain to rotate in both the reverse and reverse directions, wherein the hopper is reversibly Provided on the connecting seat, and provided with an outward extending portion at the outer side of the hopper, and a sling bow at the goal opening of the cooling system, when the extending portion hits the sling A sling presses the extension such that the hopper flips outwardly about the connector to deliver the steel ball to a ball ramp of the cooling system.
  • the outer end portions of the two side extension portions are respectively provided with a positioning shaft perpendicular to the extending direction of the extension portion and a bearing disposed on the positioning shaft, and the outwardly extending end portion of the collision bow has an arc shape which is in maximum contact with the bearing.
  • the hopper is gradually narrowed from top to bottom. Easy to flip the hopper.
  • the cooling system is an air cooling system including an air cooling chamber, a fan disposed at one of the bottom or the plurality of exhaust vents at the bottom of the wind chime chamber, located above the fan and From the goal point to the ball outlet, the ball slide is tilted from top to bottom.
  • a plurality of vent holes are provided on the ball slide.
  • the production apparatus further includes a ball feed mechanism disposed at the volleyball port of the cooling system, the ball delivery mechanism being capable of transporting the steel balls within the cooling system one by one into the quenching system.
  • the specific ball feeding mechanism includes a dial that can be rotated around the axis of the rotating shaft, a lever that is sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft at one end, and is rotatably connected with the other end of the lever and can push the lever a cylinder rotating around a shaft axis of the rotating shaft, wherein a notch for placing a steel ball is opened on the dial, and under the expansion and contraction of the cylinder, the lever rotates the dial to rotate in reverse, and the steel ball located in the notch of the dial is transported to the On the ball passage.
  • the secondary heating system is an annular heating furnace.
  • the invention adopts another technical solution: a production process of a wear-resistant steel ball, which adopts the above-mentioned production equipment, and the specific process is as follows:
  • the steel rod is transported to the steel rod heating furnace for heating, and the heated steel rod is transported to the shearing machine to be cut into a plurality of sections, and then each section is conveyed one by one to the rough forging machine and the precision forging machine, forging Spheroidal
  • the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the invention adds a branch road in the conveying passage into the quenching system, and a cooling system and a secondary heating system are sequentially arranged on the branch road, thereby enabling secondary heating of the cooling of the steel ball, further making the internal tissue difference of the steel ball Smaller, improving the stability of product quality, in addition, the structure of the invention is simple, convenient to implement, and low in cost.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a steel ball production apparatus according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial structural view of Figure 1;
  • cooling system 120, air-cooled room; 121, fan; 122, ball slide; 123, ram; 13, lifting device; 130, ring lifting chain; 131, connecting seat; 132, hopper; 133, extension Department; 134, positioning shaft; 135, bearing; 14, conveying ball; 15, ball feeding mechanism; 150, rotating shaft; 151, turntable; 151a, notch; 152, lever; 153, cylinder (cylinder);
  • secondary heating system annular heating furnace
  • 160 steel ball inlet
  • 161 steel ball outlet
  • the production equipment of the wear-resistant steel ball includes a steel rod heating furnace 1, a shearing rod machine connected to the outlet of the steel rod heating furnace 1, and a cutting rod machine 2
  • a branch branch is added to the conveying ball path of the quenching system 5 in the present embodiment.
  • the branch road is provided with a cooling system 12, a lifting device 13 for lifting the steel balls not delivered into the quenching system 5 to the cooling system 12, a secondary heating system 16 communicating with the volleyball port of the cooling system 12, and In the conveying ballway in which the above parts are connected to each other, wherein the steel ball outlet 161 of the secondary heating system 16 is in communication with the inlet of the quenching system 5, the steel ball inlet 160 of the secondary heating system 16 is connected to the discharge opening of the cooling system 12.
  • the above secondary heating system 16 is an annular heating furnace.
  • the specific cooling system 12 is an air cooling system, including an air cooling chamber 120, a fan 121 disposed at the bottom of the wind chime chamber 120 with one or more exhaust vents facing upward, located above the fan 121 and coming out from the goal opening.
  • the ball slide 122 is disposed from the top to the bottom of the ball, wherein a plurality of vent holes are provided at the bottom and the side of the ball slide 122, and an outwardly extending slash 123 is provided at the goal opening of the ball slide 122.
  • the specific lifting device 13 includes an annular lifting chain 130 disposed along the vertical direction, a hopper 132 disposed at the annular lifting chain 130 through the connecting seat 131, and a driving mechanism for driving the rotation of the endless chain 130, wherein the hopper 132 is reversibly disposed at the connection
  • the seat 131 is provided with an extending portion 133 extending outwardly from the outer portion of the hopper 132. When the extending portion 133 hits the sling 123, the extending portion 133 is pressed by the sling 123, so that the hopper 132 is wound around the connecting seat 131. The outer turning is performed to transport the steel ball to the entrance of the ball slide 122.
  • the hopper 132 is gradually narrowed from the top to the bottom, and the hopper 132 is respectively provided with a positioning shaft 134 perpendicular to the extending direction of the extending portion 133 and a bearing disposed on the positioning shaft 134 at the outer end portions of the both side extending portions 133. 135, the outwardly extending end of the striker 123 is in an arc shape that is in maximum contact with the bearing 135.
  • the production apparatus in this example further includes a ball feeding mechanism 15 provided at the volleyball port of the cooling system 12, which is capable of conveying the steel balls in the cooling system 12 one by one into the annular heating furnace.
  • the specific ball feeding mechanism 15 includes a dial 151 which is rotatably disposed about the axis of the rotating shaft 150, a lever 152 which is sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft 151 at one end, and is rotatably connected to the other end of the lever 152 and can push the lever 152.
  • the cylinder 153 is rotated around the axis of the shaft 150.
  • the dial 151 is provided with a notch 151a for placing a steel ball. Under the expansion and contraction of the cylinder 153, the lever 152 drives the dial 151 to rotate in the reverse direction and will be located on the dial 151. Steel in the gap 151a The ball is delivered to the ball passage 14.
  • the steel rod is transported to the steel rod heating furnace for heating, and the heated steel rod is transported to the shearing machine to be cut into a plurality of sections, and then each section is conveyed one by one to the rough forging machine and the precision forging machine, forging Spheroidal
  • the steel ball production process in this embodiment can make the internal structure difference of the steel ball smaller, improve the strength, toughness, wear resistance and impact resistance of the steel ball, and the stability and service life of the product quality.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

一种耐磨钢球的生产设备及生产工艺，包括淬火系统（5）和回火系统（6）、连接在进入淬火系统（5）的输送通道支路上的冷却系统（12）、将钢球提升到冷却系统（12）的提送装置（13）、与冷却系统（12）相通的二次加热系统（16）。该设备能实现钢球的二次加热，结构简单。

Description

一种耐磨钢球的生产设备及生产工艺 技术领域
本发明属于机械设备领域，具体涉及一种耐磨钢球的生产设备，同时，本发明还涉及一种耐磨钢球的生产工艺。
背景技术
众所周知，耐磨钢球工艺的主要步骤如下：
1)、加热钢棒，然后采用剪断机把钢棒切成小段，经过粗、精锻机后呈球形；
2)、呈球形后在球道的输送下进入水槽进行热处理(常见的淬火以及回火)。
然而，上述的工艺流程仅能满足进度要求不高的钢球的生产，要使得钢球的内部组织不会存在太大的差异，该工艺将无法达到高精度钢球的生产。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种改进的耐磨钢球的生产设备。
同时，本发明还提供了一种耐磨钢球的生产工艺。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种耐磨钢球的生产设备，其包括钢棒加热炉、与钢棒加热炉出口相连通的剪棒机、位于剪棒机出口处的粗锻机、精锻机、淬火系统和回火系统、以及钢球输送通道，特别是，生产设备还包括连接在进 入淬火系统的输送通道支路上的冷却系统、用于将未输送至淬火系统内的钢球提升至冷却系统的提送装置、与冷却系统排球口相连通的二次加热系统，其中二次加热系统的出料口与淬火系统的入口相连通。
优选地，提送装置包括沿着竖直方向设置的环形提升链、通过连接座设置在环形提升链的料斗、驱动所述环形链能够顺、逆两方向转动的驱动机构，其中料斗可翻转地设置在连接座上，且在料斗的外侧部设有继续向外的延伸部，在冷却系统的进球口处设有撞弓，当所述延伸部碰到所述撞弓时，由所述撞弓压动所述延伸部，使得所述料斗绕所述连接座向外翻转，将所述钢球输送至所述冷却系统的球滑道上。
优选地，在两侧延伸部的外端部分别设有垂直于延伸部延伸方向的定位轴、设置在定位轴上的轴承，撞弓向外的延伸端部呈与轴承最大接触的弧形。
优选的，料斗自上而下逐渐变窄。便于料斗的翻转。
根据本发明的一个具体实施和优选方面，冷却系统为风冷系统，该风冷系统包括风冷室、位于所述风铃室底部一排或多排出风口朝上设置的风机、位于风机的上方并从进球口向出球口自上而下倾斜设置的球滑道。
优选地，在所述球滑道上设有多个通气孔。
根据本发明的又一个具体实施和优选方面，生产设备还包括设置在冷却系统排球口处的送球机构，该送球机构能够将所述冷却系统内的钢球逐个的输送至所述淬火系统中。
具体的送球机构包括可绕转轴的轴心线转动设置的拨盘、一端部套设在转轴一端部的拨杆、与拨杆另一端部转动连接并能够推动拨杆 绕转轴的轴心线转动的气缸，其中拨盘上开设有放置钢球的缺口，在气缸的伸缩下，拨杆带动拨盘顺逆转动，将位于拨盘缺口内的钢球输送至所述输球通道上。
优选地，二次加热系统为环形加热炉。
本发明采取另一个技术方案：一种耐磨钢球的生产工艺，其采用了上述的生产设备，具体的过程如下：
1)、首先，将钢棒输送至钢棒加热炉内加热，加热后的钢棒输送至剪棒机内剪成多段，然后将每段逐个的输送至粗锻机和精锻机，锻打呈球状；
2)、将锻成型的钢球通过提送装置输送至冷却系统进行冷却，然后将冷却后的钢球输送至二次加热系统内进行再次加热，最后将再次加热的钢球输送至淬火系统和回火系统内进行处理，完成钢球的生产。
由于以上技术方案的实施，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
本发明在进入淬火系统的输送通道增设了一条支路，在该支路上依次设有冷却系统和二次加热系统，从而能够实现钢球的冷却的二次加热，进一步使得钢球的内部组织差异较小，提高产品质量的稳定性，此外，本发明的结构简单，实施方便，且成本低。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体的实施例，对本发明做进一步详细的说明：
图1为根据本发明钢球的生产设备的结构示意图；
图2为图1局部结构示意图；
其中：1、钢棒加热炉；2、剪棒机；3、粗锻机；4、精锻机；5、 淬火系统；6、回火系统；
12、冷却系统；120、风冷室；121、风机；122、球滑道；123、撞弓；13、提送装置；130、环形提升链条；131、连接座；132、料斗；133、延伸部；134、定位轴；135、轴承；14、输送球道；15、送球机构；150、转轴；151、转盘；151a、缺口；152、拨杆；153、气缸(气缸)；
16、二次加热系统(环形加热炉)；160、钢球入口；161、钢球出口；162、进球机构；163、出球机构。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示，按照本实施例的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其包括钢棒加热炉1、与钢棒加热炉1出口相连通的剪棒机2、位于剪棒机2出口处的粗锻机3、精锻机4、淬火系统5和回火系统6。然而，本实施例为了解决热处理后的钢球组织进一步细化，提高钢球的强度、韧性、耐磨耐冲击、以及使用寿命，在进入淬火系统5的输送球道上增设了一条支路，在该支路上设有冷却系统12、用于将未输送至淬火系统5内的钢球提升至冷却系统12的提送装置13、与冷却系统12排球口相连通的二次加热系统16、以及用于将上述各部分相互连通的输送球道，其中二次加热系统16的钢球出口161与淬火系统5的入口相连通，二次加热系统16的钢球入口160与冷却系统12的排料口相连通，并分别在钢球入口160和钢球出口161处设有进球机构162和出球机构163，具体的进球机构162和出球机构163用于辅助钢球的输送，采用的结构为常规的结构，在此不做详述。此外，上述的二次加热系统16为环形加热炉。
具体的冷却系统12为风冷系统，该风冷系统包括风冷室120、位于风铃室120底部一排或多排出风口朝上设置的风机121、位于风机121的上方并从进球口向出球口自上而下倾斜设置的球滑道122，其中球滑道122底部和侧部设有多个通气孔，并在球滑道122进球口设有向外延伸的撞弓123。
具体的提升装置13包括沿着竖直方向设置的环形提升链条130、通过连接座131设置在环形提升链条130的料斗132、驱动环形链条130转动的驱动机构，其中料斗132可翻转地设置在连接座131上，且在料斗132的外侧部设有继续向外的延伸部133，当延伸部133碰到撞弓123时，由撞弓123压动延伸部133，使得料斗132绕连接座131向外翻转，将钢球输送至球滑道122的入口。
进一步的，料斗132自上而下逐渐变窄，且在料斗132在两侧延伸部133的外端部分别设有垂直于延伸部133延伸方向的定位轴134、设置在定位轴134上的轴承135，撞弓123向外的延伸端部呈与轴承135最大接触的弧形。
此外，本例中的生产设备还包括设置在冷却系统12排球口处的送球机构15，该送球机构15能够将冷却系统12内的钢球逐个的输送至环形加热炉内。
具体的送球机构15包括可绕转轴150的轴心线转动设置的拨盘151、一端部套设在转轴151一端部的拨杆152、与拨杆152另一端部转动连接并能够推动拨杆152绕转轴150的轴心线转动的气缸153，其中拨盘151上开设有放置钢球的缺口151a，在气缸153的伸缩下，拨杆152带动拨盘151顺逆转动，将位于拨盘151上缺口151a内的钢 球输送至输球通道14上。
本实施例的生产工艺，具体的过程如下：
1)、首先，将钢棒输送至钢棒加热炉内加热，加热后的钢棒输送至剪棒机内剪成多段，然后将每段逐个的输送至粗锻机和精锻机，锻打呈球状；
2)、将锻打成型的钢球通过提送装置输送至冷却系统进行冷却，然后将冷却后的钢球输送至二次加热系统内进行再次加热，最后将再次加热的钢球输送至淬火系统和回火系统内进行处理，完成钢球的生产。
由上述的钢球生产工艺与现有技术中的钢球生产工艺对比，优势如下：
本实施例中的钢球生产工艺能够使得钢球的内部组织差异较小，提高钢球的强度、韧性、耐磨耐冲击、以及产品质量的稳定性和使用寿命。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述，其目的在于让熟悉此领域技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种耐磨钢球的生产设备，其包括钢棒加热炉、与所述钢棒加热炉出口相连通的剪棒机、位于所述剪棒机出口处的粗锻机、精锻机、淬火系统和回火系统、以及钢球输送通道，其特征在于：所述生产设备还包括连接在进入所述淬火系统的所述输送通道支路上的冷却系统、用于将未输送至所述淬火系统内的钢球提升至冷却系统的提送装置、与所述冷却系统排球口相连通的二次加热系统，其中所述二次加热系统的出料口与所述淬火系统的入口相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其特征在于：所述提送装置包括沿着竖直方向设置的环形提升链、通过连接座设置在所述环形提升链的料斗、驱动所述环形链顺、逆两方向可转动的驱动机构，其中所述料斗可翻转地设置在连接座上，且在所述料斗的外侧部设有继续向外的延伸部，在所述冷却系统的进球口处设有撞弓，当所述延伸部碰到所述撞弓时，所述撞弓用于压动所述延伸部，使得所述料斗绕所述连接座向外翻转，将所述钢球输送至所述冷却系统的球滑道上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其特征在于：在两侧所述延伸部的外端部分别设有垂直于所述延伸部延伸方向的定位轴、设置在所述定位轴上的轴承，所述撞弓向外的延伸端部呈与所述轴承最大接触的弧形。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其特征在于：所述料斗自上而下逐渐变窄。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其特征在于：所 述冷却系统为风冷系统，所述风冷系统包括风冷室、位于所述风铃室底部一排或多排出风口朝上设置的风机、位于风机的上方并从进球口向出球口自上而下倾斜设置的球滑道。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其特征在于：在所述球滑道上设有多个通气孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其特征在于：所述生产设备还包括设置在所述冷却系统排球口处的送球机构，所述送球机构用于将所述冷却系统内的钢球逐个的输送至所述淬火系统中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其特征在于：所述送球机构包括可绕转轴的轴心线转动设置的拨盘、一端部套设在所述转轴一端部的拨杆、与所述拨杆另一端部转动连接并用于推动所述拨杆绕所述转轴的轴心线转动的气缸，其中所述拨盘上开设有放置钢球的缺口，在所述气缸的伸缩下，所述拨杆用于带动所述拨盘顺逆转动，将位于所述拨盘缺口内的钢球输送至所述输球通道上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的耐磨钢球的生产设备，其特征在于：所述二次加热系统为环形加热炉。
  10. 一种耐磨钢球的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述生产工艺采用了权利要求1至9中任一项权利要求所述的生产设备，包括：
    1)、将钢棒输送至钢棒加热炉内加热，加热后的钢棒输送至剪棒机内剪成多段，然后将每段逐个的输送至粗锻机和精锻机，锻打呈球状；
    2)、将锻成型的钢球通过提送装置输送至冷却系统进行冷却，然 后将冷却后的钢球输送至二次加热系统内进行再次加热，将再次加热的钢球输送至淬火系统和回火系统内进行处理，完成钢球的生产。
PCT/CN2015/086384 2014-08-08 2015-08-07 一种耐磨钢球的生产设备及生产工艺 WO2016019903A1 (zh)

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