WO2016015635A1 - 一种防止mppt误判的控制方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种防止mppt误判的控制方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2016015635A1
WO2016015635A1 PCT/CN2015/085357 CN2015085357W WO2016015635A1 WO 2016015635 A1 WO2016015635 A1 WO 2016015635A1 CN 2015085357 W CN2015085357 W CN 2015085357W WO 2016015635 A1 WO2016015635 A1 WO 2016015635A1
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power
point
operating point
working point
working
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French (fr)
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刘瑞
孙丰涛
陈洪涛
程良意
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • the present invention relates to the field of automatic control technologies, and in particular, to a control method and apparatus for preventing MPPT misjudgment.
  • a circuit with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function which uses photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into electrical energy, photovoltaic cells.
  • the PU characteristic curve when the intensity of sunlight is constant is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the horizontal axis is the voltage U and the vertical axis is the power P.
  • MPP point there is a maximum power point in the entire PU characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cell, which is called MPP point, the greater the power of the photovoltaic cell, the more the output power, the higher the solar energy utilization rate. Therefore, in the working process of the photovoltaic cell, it is hoped that the photovoltaic cell will always work at the maximum power point.
  • the conductance increment method is generally used to keep the photovoltaic cell working at the maximum power point.
  • the specific principle of the conductance increment method is as follows:
  • I/U at point C is k1
  • dI/dU from point A to point C is k2
  • dI/dU from point B to point C is k3 since point B is at the maximum power point left. side, Should be greater than 0, but sampled If k 1 +k 2 ⁇ 0, a false positive phenomenon occurs.
  • the conductance increment method adopted in the prior art cannot accurately track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell when the illumination intensity changes, and may also cause a misjudgment phenomenon, resulting in low use efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.
  • a new approach is needed to solve this problem.
  • the invention provides a control method and device for preventing misjudgment of an MPPT circuit.
  • the invention can effectively solve the phenomenon that the MPPT circuit is misjudged, causing low use of the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the solar energy utilization rate of the MPPT circuit.
  • a control method for preventing MPPT misjudgment comprising:
  • the process of determining that the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point comprises:
  • the process of determining that the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point comprises:
  • moving the next working point of the third working point in a direction opposite to the current moving direction comprises:
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is increased, and the next operating point of the third operating point is controlled to move to the right.
  • moving the next working point of the third working point in a direction opposite to the current moving direction comprises:
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is decreased, and the next operating point of the third operating point is controlled to move to the left.
  • moving the second working point to the third working point in the current moving direction comprises:
  • moving the second working point to the third working point in the current moving direction comprises:
  • the MPPT circuit state change comprises:
  • the light intensity changes, increases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, or lowers the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the second working point and the third working point are calculated according to a conductance increment algorithm to obtain a current moving direction, and the third working point is moved to a next working point according to a current moving direction.
  • a control apparatus for preventing a misjudgment of an MPPT circuit comprising:
  • An acquiring unit configured to acquire a first working point and a second working point of the MPPT circuit
  • a moving unit configured to calculate the first working point and the second working point according to a conductance increment algorithm, obtain a current moving direction, and move the second working point to a third working point according to a current moving direction ;
  • a first acquiring power unit configured to acquire power of the second working point and power of the third working point
  • An execution unit configured to: when the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point, determine that a misjudgment occurs, and then the next working point of the third working point is pressed in a direction opposite to the current moving direction. Move.
  • the execution unit comprises:
  • a second acquiring power unit configured to acquire power of the first working point
  • Obtaining a power difference unit configured to subtract a power of the first operating point from a power of the third operating point as a first difference, and subtract the power of the first operating point from the Calculating, by the difference of the power of the second working point, as the second difference, calculating a power difference of the first difference minus the second difference;
  • the first determining unit is configured to determine that the power of the second operating point is greater than the power of the third working point when the power difference is greater than zero.
  • the execution unit comprises:
  • a calculating unit configured to calculate a difference between a power of the second working point and a power of the third working point
  • the second determining unit is configured to determine that the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point when the difference is greater than zero.
  • the present invention provides a control method for preventing MPPT misjudgment.
  • the present invention first obtains a first working point before a state change, and then acquires a second working point after a state change, and calculates according to an existing conductance increment algorithm. Move direction and move to get the third working point.
  • the characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cell determines the maximum power of the maximum power point, the power of the remaining positions is less than the power of the maximum power point. If the current moving direction is correct, the third working point should be closer to the maximum power point than the second working point, that is, the first The power of the three working points is greater than the power of the second working point, so when the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point, it is proved that a misjudgment occurs, and when the power of the second working point is less than the power of the third working point, It proves that no misjudgment has occurred.
  • the next working point of the third working point is moved in the opposite direction to achieve the purpose of timely adjusting the moving direction of the working point of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the judgment principle of the present invention is simple, quick and easy to implement, thereby causing the photovoltaic cell to appear. After misjudgment, it can be adjusted in time to improve solar energy utilization.
  • Figure 1 is a PU characteristic curve of a photovoltaic cell
  • 2 is a PU characteristic curve of a photovoltaic cell under different light intensities
  • Figure 3 is a IU characteristic curve of a photovoltaic cell at different light intensities
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a control method for preventing misjudgment of an MPPT circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of still another method for preventing misjudgment of an MPPT circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a misjudgment in the case where the illumination intensity is weakened in the control method for preventing the MPPT circuit from being misjudged according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the occurrence of a false positive in the case where the illumination intensity is weakened in the control method for preventing the MPPT circuit from being misjudged according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a misjudgment in the case where the illumination intensity is enhanced in the control method for preventing the MPPT circuit from being misjudged according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a method for preventing misjudgment of an MPPT circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a control apparatus for preventing misjudgment of an MPPT circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another control apparatus for preventing misjudgment of an MPPT circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another control device for preventing misjudgment of an MPPT circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for preventing MPPT misjudgment, and the method includes:
  • the MPPT state change includes a change in the illumination intensity or a change in the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the illumination intensity changes, including an increase in the illumination intensity and a slight decrease in the illumination.
  • the change in the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell includes an increase in the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell or a decrease in the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the change of the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell does not lead to misjudgment, but the method of the present invention is improved on the basis of the original, so it can be applied to the situation where the illumination intensity is constant.
  • Step S101 Acquire a first working point and a second working point of the MPPT, where the first working point and the second working point obtain working points for adjacent sampling moments.
  • the method embodiment can be applied to a controller.
  • the controller continuously collects the working point of the photovoltaic cell according to a certain frequency. After collecting the first working point, the first working point is stored first, and then the next working point is collected according to a certain frequency. , that is, the second working point, after obtaining two working points, the calculation is performed by the conductance increment method.
  • Step S102 Calculate the first working point and the second working point according to a conductance increment algorithm, obtain a current moving direction, and move the second working point to a third working point according to a current moving direction.
  • the photovoltaic characteristic curve shows that the operating point of the photovoltaic cell is directly related to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the output voltage increases, the operating point moves to the right, and when the output voltage decreases, the operating point moves to the left.
  • Move the second work point in the current direction of movement including two cases:
  • the first case the current moving direction is to the right, the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is increased, and the second operating point is controlled to move to the right to the third working point.
  • the second case the current moving direction is leftward, the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is decreased, and the second operating point is controlled to move to the left to the third working point.
  • Step S103 Acquire the power of the second working point and the power of the third working point.
  • the controller itself does not know whether the environment in which the MPPT is located has changed. Therefore, after calculating according to the original conductance increment algorithm, it is necessary to make a judgment. If the current moving direction is correct, the third working point should be more than the second working point. Close to the maximum power point, that is, the power of the third working point is greater than the power of the second working point, so when the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point, it is determined that a misjudgment occurs, and the controller is judged after the misjudgment occurs. Knowing that the current MPPT status has changed, it is necessary to adjust the current moving direction in time.
  • Step S104 When the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point, it is determined that a misjudgment occurs, and the next working point of the third working point is moved in a direction opposite to the current moving direction.
  • the controller After the misjudgment, that is, the third working point has deviated from the maximum power point, in order to keep the photovoltaic cell working at the maximum power point, it is necessary to immediately adjust the moving direction of the working point, and the controller will move the next working point of the photovoltaic cell to the current Move in the opposite direction of movement to bring the working point of the photovoltaic cell as close as possible to the maximum power point.
  • the second working point and the third working point are calculated according to a conductance increment algorithm to obtain a current moving direction, and the third working point is moved to a next working point according to a current moving direction.
  • the next work point is moved in the opposite direction to the current one, including:
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is increased, and the next operating point of the third operating point is controlled. move to the right.
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is decreased, and the next operating point of the third operating point is controlled to move to the left.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a control method for preventing misjudgment of the MPPT circuit.
  • the invention can quickly and conveniently determine whether the current moving direction has a misjudgment. When a misjudgment occurs, the next working point of the third working point is reversed. The direction is moved to achieve the purpose of timely adjusting the moving direction of the working point of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the judgment principle of the invention is simple, fast and easy to implement, so that after the solar cell is misjudged, it can be adjusted in time, so that the solar energy utilization rate is improved.
  • the process of determining that the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point includes the following two methods:
  • the first method includes the following steps:
  • Step S501 Acquire the power of the first working point of the power of the first working point.
  • Step S502 Subtract the power of the first working point from the power of the first working point minus the power of the third working point as the first difference, and firstly power the first working point.
  • the power of the point minus the difference of the power of the second operating point is used as the second difference, and the power difference of the first difference minus the second difference is calculated.
  • Step S503 When the power difference is greater than zero, determine that the power of the second operating point is greater than the power of the third operating point.
  • the power difference between the first working point and the third working point is a first difference dp1
  • the power difference between the first working point and the second working point is a second difference dp2
  • the first way is to use the power difference between the two differences to determine whether a misjudgment occurs.
  • This method can be implemented but the implementation of the method is more complicated.
  • the second method is provided below, and the second method is simpler.
  • the second type calculating the difference between the power of the second working point minus the power of the third working point, and determining that the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point when the difference is greater than zero.
  • the second way is simpler and more convenient.
  • the conductance increment method may cause misjudgment when the external irradiation intensity changes, and is mainly divided into the following two cases:
  • the first type when the irradiation intensity changes before and the working point is on the same side of the maximum power point, if the irradiation intensity is weakened, the misjudgment phenomenon will occur.
  • the second type when the irradiation intensity changes, the working point is at the maximum power. When the point is on the opposite side, if the irradiation intensity is enhanced, a misjudgment phenomenon may occur, and specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below for different situations:
  • the first type the irradiation intensity is weakened, and the working point before and after the change of the irradiation intensity is on the same side of the maximum power point.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the judgment when the misjudgment phenomenon occurs
  • Fig. 7 is a working principle diagram when the misjudgment phenomenon does not occur.
  • the PU characteristic curve changes from a to b, and the working point is moved to point C according to the moving direction before the irradiation intensity is weakened. If a false positive phenomenon occurs, the working point will continue to move to the left to point D, and the calculation will be performed.
  • the next operating point of point D should be reversed. If the movement is less than 0, there is no false positive phenomenon, and the working point is moved in the original direction.
  • the second type the irradiation intensity increases, and the working point before and after the change of the irradiation intensity is located at the opposite side of the maximum power point.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to the case when the illumination intensity is unchanged, so an embodiment in which the illumination intensity is unchanged is given.
  • the working point when there is no change in the intensity of the irradiation, the working point should continue to be disturbed according to the original direction, point A is the original working point, point C is the working point to join the first disturbance, and point D is the second disturbance.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a control device for preventing a misjudgment of an MPPT circuit, and the device may be used to perform a control method for preventing a misjudgment of an MPPT circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method includes:
  • the obtaining unit 100 is configured to acquire a first working point and a second working point of the MPPT circuit.
  • the mobile unit 200 is configured to calculate the first working point and the second working point according to a conductance increment algorithm, obtain a current moving direction, and move the second working point to a third working position according to a current moving direction. point.
  • the first acquiring power unit 300 is configured to acquire power of the second working point and power of the third working point.
  • the executing unit 400 is configured to: when the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point, determine that a misjudgment occurs, and then the next working point of the third working point is reversed from the current moving direction. Move in the direction.
  • the execution unit 400 includes:
  • the second acquisition power unit 401 is configured to acquire power of the first working point.
  • the first determining unit 403 is configured to determine that the power of the second operating point is greater than the power of the third operating point when the power difference is greater than zero.
  • the execution unit 400 includes:
  • the calculating unit 404 is configured to calculate a difference between the power of the second working point and the power of the third working point.
  • the second determining unit 405 is configured to determine that the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point when the difference is greater than zero.
  • the execution unit 400 in FIG. 10 is also used to:
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is increased, and the next operating point of the third operating point is controlled to move to the right.
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is decreased, and the next operating point of the third operating point is controlled to move to the left.
  • the mobile unit 200 in FIG. 10 is also used to:
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is increased, and the second operating point is controlled to move to the right to the third working point.
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell controlling the MPPT circuit is decreased, and the second operating point is controlled to move to the left to the third working point.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a control device for preventing the MPPT from being misjudged.
  • the first working point before the state change is first obtained, and then the second working point after the state change is obtained, according to the existing conductance increment algorithm.
  • the calculation is performed to obtain the current moving direction, and after moving, the third working point is obtained.
  • the characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cell determines the maximum power of the maximum power point, the power of the remaining positions is less than the power of the maximum power point. If the current moving direction is correct, the third working point should be closer to the maximum power point than the second working point, that is, the first The power of the three working points is greater than the power of the second working point, so when the power of the second working point is greater than the power of the third working point, it is proved that a misjudgment occurs, and when the power of the second working point is less than the power of the third working point, It proves that no misjudgment has occurred.
  • the next working point of the third working point is moved in the opposite direction to achieve the purpose of timely adjusting the moving direction of the working point of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the judgment principle of the present invention is simple, quick and easy to implement, thereby causing the photovoltaic cell to appear. After misjudgment, it can be adjusted in time to improve solar energy utilization.
  • the functions described in the method of the present embodiment can be stored in a computing device readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product. Based on this It is understood that portions of the embodiments of the present invention that contribute to the prior art or portions of the technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a calculation
  • the device (which may be a personal computer, server, mobile computing device or network device, etc.) performs all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

一种防止MPPT误判的控制方法及装置，包括；获取第一工作点、第二工作点和第三工作点，将第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点；获取第二工作点和第三工作点的功率，当第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率，则判定出现误判，将第三工作点的下一个工作点进行反方向移动，以达到及时调整光伏电池工作点的移动方向的目的。控制方法原理简单，光伏电池出现误判后能够及时调整，使得太阳能利用率提高。

Description

一种防止MPPT误判的控制方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及自动化控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种防止MPPT误判的控制方法及装置。
背景技术
现在太阳能是新型能源之一，为了将太阳能变换为能够使用的电能，需要借助最大功率跟踪(max power point tracking，简称为MPPT)功能的电路，该电路利用光伏电池将太阳能转换为电能，光伏电池在太阳光强度一定时的PU特性曲线如图1所示，其中横轴为电压U，纵轴为功率P，由图1可知，光伏电池整个PU特性曲线中有一个最大功率点，称其为MPP点，光伏电池的功率越大，代表输出电能越多，太阳能利用率越高，因此在光伏电池的工作过程中，希望光伏电池一直工作在最大功率点。
现有技术中一般采用电导增量法，来使光伏电池一直工作在最大功率点，电导增量法具体原理如下：
以图1为例，PU特性曲线仅存在一个最大功率点，即图中的MPP点，并且在最大功率点MPP左侧的斜率大于零，即
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000001
在最大功率点右侧斜率小于零，即
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000002
在最大功率点处斜率等于零，即
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000003
由于光伏点出的输出功率P＝UI，对公式两边进行求导后得出
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000004
由此可有以下结论：
在最大功率点左侧，
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000005
在最大功率点右侧，
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000006
在最大功率点处，
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000007
具体的，采样电压值U(k)、U(k-1)与电流值I(k)、I(k-1)，令dU＝U(k)-U(k-1)，dI＝I(k)-I(k-1)，计算公式若
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000009
则通过控制电路使光伏电池的输出电压增加，使工作点向右移动靠近MPP点，若
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000010
则使光伏电池输出电压减小，使工作点向左移动靠近MPP点，若
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000011
则保持其输出电压不变。
但现实情况下，光伏电池在不同光照强度下，其PU特性曲线是不一致的，其最大功率点也是不一致的，如图2所示，为两条不同光照强度下光伏电池的PU特性曲线，曲线a代表辐照强度较强时的PU特性曲线，b代表辐照强度较弱的PU特性曲线，当光照强度减弱时，光伏电池的PU特性曲线由a变为b，光照改变后其工作点由A点变为B点。如图3所示，为与图2对应的IU特性曲线图。
请参见图2和图3，由于在光照变化前，工作点A点在最大功率点MPP点的左侧，应向右侧移动至MPP点，此时A点作为采样的前一时刻，已经被采样，在采样后光照强度后发生变化，此时PU特性曲线发生变化，A点向右移动至C点，A点则变为B点，此时再采集C点的采样值，理论上，应该按照B点和C点计算
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000012
但是现在确实按照A点和C点计算
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000013
参见图3，在C点的I/U为k1，从A点变为C点的dI/dU为k2，从B点变为C点的dI/dU为k3，由于B点位于最大功率点左侧，
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000014
应大于0，但采样计算的
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000015
若k1+k2<0则误判现象发生。
综上，现有技术中的采用的电导增量法，当光照强度发生变化时，不能准确跟踪光伏电池的最大功率点，还可能会出现误判的现象，导致光伏电池的使用效率低，因此现在需要一种新的方法以解决该问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法及装置，本发明能够有效地解决出MPPT电路现误判现象，引起光伏电池使用低的问题，从而使得MPPT电路的太阳能利用率提高。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种防止MPPT误判的控制方法，该方法包括：
获取MPPT的第一工作点和第二工作点，所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点为相邻采样时刻获得的工作点；
将所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点；
获取第二工作点的功率和第三工作点的功率；
当所述第二工作点的功率差大于所述第三工作点的功率，则判定出现误判，将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动。
优选地，判定所述第二工作点的功率大于所述第三工作点的功率的过程包括：
获取第一工作点的功率；
将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第三工作点的功率的差值，作为第一差值，将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第二工作点的功率的差值，作为第二差值，计算所述第一差值减去所述第二差值的功率差值；
当所述功率差值大于零，则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。
优选地，判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率的过程包括：
计算第二工作点的功率减去第三工作点的功率的差值，当差值大于零则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。
优选地，将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动包括：
当所述第三工作点在最大功率点左侧，当前移动方向为向左，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压增加，控制所述第三工作点的下一个工作点向右移动。
优选地，将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动包括：
当所述第三工作点在最大功率点右侧，当前移动方向为向右，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压减小，控制所述第三工作点的下一个工作点向左移动。
优选地，将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点包括：
当前移动方向为向右，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压增加，控制所述第二工作点向右移动至第三工作点。
优选地，将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点包括：
当前移动方向为向左，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压减小，控制所述第二工作点向左移动至第三工作点。
优选地，所述MPPT电路状态改变包括：
光照强度发生变化、增加光伏电池的输出电压或降低光伏电池的输出电压。
优选地，该方法还包括：
当所述第二工作点的功率小于第三工作点的功率，则判定未出现误判；
将所述第二工作点和所述第三工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第三工作点按当前移动方向移动至下一工作点。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种防止MPPT电路误判的控制装置，该装置包括：
获取单元，用于获取MPPT电路第一工作点和第二工作点；
移动单元，用于将所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点；
第一获取功率单元，用于获取第二工作点的功率和第三工作点的功率；
执行单元，用于当所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率，则判定出现误判，将则将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动。
优选地，执行单元包括：
第二获取功率单元，用于获取第一工作点的功率；
获取功率差值单元，用于将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第三工作点的功率的差值，作为第一差值，将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第二工作点的功率的差值，作为第二差值，计算所述第一差值减去所述第二差值的功率差值；
第一判定单元，用于当所述功率差值大于零，则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。
优选地，执行单元包括：
计算单元，用于计算第二工作点的功率减去第三工作点的功率的差值；
第二判定单元，用于当差值大于零则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。
本发明提供了一种防止MPPT误判的控制方法，本发明首先获得状态改变前的第一工作点，再获取状态改变后的第二工作点，按照现有的电导增量算法进行计算得到当前移动方向，移动后获得第三工作点。
由于光伏电池的特性曲线决定最大功率点的功率最大，其余位置的功率都小于最大功率点的功率，假设当前移动方向正确时，第三工作点应该比第二工作点接近最大功率点，即第三工作点的功率大于第二工作点的功率，所以当第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率，则证明出现误判，当第二工作点的功率小于第三工作点的功率，则证明未出现误判。
出现误判后，则第三工作点的下一工作点进行反方向移动，以达到及时调整光伏电池工作点的移动方向的目的，本发明判断原理简单、快捷且容易实现，从而使光伏电池出现误判后，能够及时调整，使得太阳能利用率提高。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为光伏电池的PU特性曲线；
图2为光伏电池的在不同光照强度下的PU特性曲线；
图3为光伏电池的在不同光照强度下的IU特性曲线；
图4为本发明实施例公开的防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法的流程图；
图5为本发明实施例公开的又一防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法的流程图；
图6为本发明实施例公开的防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法中的光照强度减弱情况下的出现误判的原理图；
图7为本发明实施例公开的防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法中的光照强度减弱情况下的出现未误判的原理图；
图8为本发明实施例公开的防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法中的光照强度增强情况下的出现误判的原理图；
图9为本发明实施例公开的防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法中的光照强度不变情况下未出现误判的原理图；
图10为本发明实施例公开的防止MPPT电路误判的控制装置的结构示意图；
图11为本发明实施例公开的又一防止MPPT电路误判的控制装置的结构示意图；以及
图12为本发明实施例公开的又一防止MPPT电路误判的控制装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先 后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
如图4所示，本发明实施例提供了一种防止MPPT误判的控制方法，该方法包括：
MPPT状态改变包括光照强度改变或光伏电池输出电压改变，光照强度改变，包括光照强度增强、光照轻度减弱，光伏电池输出电压改变包括：光伏电池输出电压增加或光伏电池输出电压降低。光伏电池输出电压改变不会导致出现误判，但是本发明增加的方法，是在原来基础上的进行改进，所以要能够适用于光照强度不变情况。
步骤S101：获取MPPT的第一工作点和第二工作点，所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点为相邻采样时刻获得工作点。
本方法实施例可以应用于控制器，控制器在按一定频率不断采集光伏电池的工作点，在采集第一工作点后，先将第一工作点进行存储，然后按一定频率采集下一个工作点，即第二工作点，获得两个工作点后按电导增量法进行一次计算。
步骤S102：将所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点。
在当前的光伏电池的IU特性曲线上获得第二工作点处I/U，获取第一工作点和第二工作点组成直线的斜率，即获得dI/dU，然后计算
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000016
当
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000017
时，当前的移动方向为向右移动，当
Figure PCTCN2015085357-appb-000018
时，当前的移动方向为向左移动。
如图2所示，由光伏特性特性曲线可知，光伏电池的工作点与光伏电池的输出电压有直接关系，输出电压增加则工作点向右移动，输出电压减小则工作点向左移动。将第二工作点按当前的移动方向进行移动，包括两种情况：
第一种情况：当前移动方向为向右，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压增加，控制所述第二工作点向右移动至第三工作点。
第二种情况：当前移动方向为向左，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压减小，控制所述第二工作点向左移动至第三工作点。
步骤S103：获取第二工作点的功率和第三工作点的功率。
控制器自身不会知晓MPPT所处的环境是否改变，所以在按原来的电导增量算法进行计算后，需要进行一次判断，若当前移动方向正确，则第三工作点应该较第二工作点更接近最大功率点，即第三工作点的功率大于第二工作点的功率，所以当第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率时，则判定出现误判，出现误判后控制器便知晓当前MPPT状态发生改变，所以需要及时调整当前的移动方向。
步骤S104：当所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率，则判定出现误判，则将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动。
在出现误判后，即第三工作点已经偏离最大功率点，为了使光伏电池一直工作在最大功率点，需要即刻调整工作点的移动方向，控制器将光伏电池的下一个工作点向与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动，使光伏电池的工作点尽量向最大功率点靠近。
优选地，当所述第二工作点的功率小于第三工作点的功率，则判定未出现误判。将所述第二工作点和所述第三工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第三工作点按当前移动方向移动至下一工作点。
当出现误判后，则将下一个工作点按与当前相反的方向进行移动，具体的包括：
当所述第三工作点在最大功率点左侧，当前移动方向为向左，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压增加，控制所述第三工作点的下一个工作点 向右移动。
当所述第三工作点在最大功率点右侧，当前移动方向为向右，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压减小，控制所述第三工作点的下一个工作点向左移动。
本发明实施例提供了一种防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法，本发明能够快速方便的判定当前移动方向是否出现误判，当出现误判后，则第三工作点的下一工作点进行反方向移动，以达到及时调整光伏电池工作点的移动方向的目的，本发明判断原理简单、快捷且容易实现，从而使光伏电池出现误判后，能够及时调整，使得太阳能利用率提高。
优选地，上述实施例步骤S104中，判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率的过程包括以下两种方式：
如图5所示，第一种方式包括以下步骤：
步骤S501：再获取第一工作点的功率第一工作点的功率。
步骤S502：将所述第一工作点的功率第一工作点的功率减去所述第三工作点的功率的差值，作为第一差值，将所述第一工作点的功率第一工作点的功率减去所述第二工作点的功率的差值，作为第二差值，计算所述第一差值减去所述第二差值的功率差值。
步骤S503：当所述功率差值大于零，则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。
设第一工作点与第三工作点之间的功率差值为第一差值dp1，第一工作点与第二工作点之间功率差值为第二差值dp2，功率差值dp＝dp1-dp2，正常情况下，dp1＜dp2，即dp1-dp2＜0，当dp1-dp2＞0，则认为出现误判，当dp1-dp2＜0，则认为未出现误判。
第一种方式为利用两个差值的功率差值来判定是否出现误判，该方式可以实现但是本方式的实现方式较为复杂，下面提供第二种方式，第二种方式更为简单。
第二种：计算第二工作点的功率减去第三工作点的功率的差值，当差值大于零则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。第二种方式更为简单、方便。
经过本申请的发明人研究发现，电导增量法在外界辐照强度发生变化时会出现误判现象，主要分为以下两种情况：
第一种：当辐照强度发生变化前后，工作点位于最大功率点同侧时，若辐照强度减弱会发生误判现象，第二种：当辐照强度发生变化前后，工作点位于最大功率点异侧时，若辐照强度增强会发生误判现象，下面分别针对不同的情况讲述本发明的具体实施例：
第一种：辐照强度减弱，辐照强度变化前后工作点位于最大功率点同侧。
光伏电池的PU特性曲线如图6和图7所示，图6为误判现象发生时判断原理图，图7为误判现象未发生时工作原理图。光照强度减弱时，PU特性曲线由a变为b，按照辐照强度减弱前的移动方向将工作点移至C点，若发生误判现象，则工作点将继续向左移动至D点，计算A点功率与C点功率差dp2以及A点功率与D点功率差dp1，令dp＝dp1-dp2，若dp大于0，则误判现象发生，应将D点的下一个工作点向相反方向移动，若小于0，则无误判现象，继续按照原方向移动工作点。
第二种：辐照强度增加，辐照强度变化前后工作点位于最大功率点异侧。
如图8所示，光照强度增强时，PU特性曲线由b变为a，按照辐照强度增强前的移动方向将工作点移至C点，若发生误判现象，则工作点将继续向左移动至D点，计算A点功率与C点功率差dp2以及A点功率与D点功率差dp1，令dp＝dp1-dp2，若dp大于0，则误判现象发生，应将D点的下一个工作点向相反方向移动若小于0，则无误判现象，继续按照原方向移动工作点。
本发明实施例提供的方法能够适用于光照强度无变化时的情况，所以给出光照强度无变化的实施例。
如图9所示，当辐照强度无变化时，工作点应按照原方向继续扰动，A点为原工作点，C点为加入第一次扰动的工作点，D点为加入第二次扰动的工作点，扰动为增加光伏电池的输出电压或减小光伏电池的输出电压，计算A 点功率与C点功率差dp2以及A点功率与D点功率差dp1，令dp＝dp1-dp2，若dp大于0，则误判现象发生，应将工作点向相反方向移动若小于0，则无误判现象，继续按照原方向移动工作点，由于辐照强度未改变，无误判现象发生，dp应小于0，由图9也可看出，实际工作中dp小于0，所以移动方向刚好与正常情况下的移动方向相同，所以本发明提供的方法同样能够适用于光照强度无变化的情况，适用范围更加广泛。
如图10所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种防止MPPT电路误判的控制装置，该装置可以用于执行本发明实施例的防止MPPT电路误判的控制方法，该方法包括：
获取单元100，用于获取MPPT电路第一工作点和第二工作点。
移动单元200，用于将所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点。
第一获取功率单元300，用于获取第二工作点的功率和第三工作点的功率。
执行单元400，用于当所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率，则判定出现误判，将则将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动。
如图11所示，执行单元400包括：
第二获取功率单元401，用于获取第一工作点的功率。
获取功率差值单元402，用于将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第三工作点的功率的差值，作为第一差值，将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第二工作点的功率的差值，作为第二差值，计算所述第一差值减去所述第二差值的功率差值。
第一判定单元403，用于当所述功率差值大于零，则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。
如图12所示，执行单元400包括：
计算单元404，用于计算第二工作点的功率减去第三工作点的功率的差值。
第二判定单元405，用于当差值大于零则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。
图10中的执行单元400还用于：
当所述第三工作点在最大功率点左侧，当前移动方向为向左，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压增加，控制所述第三工作点的下一个工作点向右移动。当所述第三工作点在最大功率点右侧，当前移动方向为向右，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压减小，控制所述第三工作点的下一个工作点向左移动。
图10中的移动单元200还用于：
当前移动方向为向右，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压增加，控制所述第二工作点向右移动至第三工作点。当前移动方向为向左，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压减小，控制所述第二工作点向左移动至第三工作点。
本发明实施例提供了一种防止MPPT误判的控制装置，本发明实施例首先获得状态改变前的第一工作点，再获取状态改变后的第二工作点，按照现有的电导增量算法进行计算得到当前移动方向，移动后获得第三工作点。
由于光伏电池的特性曲线决定最大功率点的功率最大，其余位置的功率都小于最大功率点的功率，假设当前移动方向正确时，第三工作点应该比第二工作点接近最大功率点，即第三工作点的功率大于第二工作点的功率，所以当第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率，则证明出现误判，当第二工作点的功率小于第三工作点的功率，则证明未出现误判。
出现误判后，则第三工作点的下一工作点进行反方向移动，以达到及时调整光伏电池工作点的移动方向的目的，本发明判断原理简单、快捷且容易实现，从而使光伏电池出现误判后，能够及时调整，使得太阳能利用率提高。
本实施例方法所述的功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算设备可读取存储介质中。基于这样 的理解，本发明实施例对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，移动计算设备或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同或相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种防止MPPT误判的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取MPPT的第一工作点和第二工作点，所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点为相邻采样时刻获得的工作点；
    将所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点；
    获取第二工作点的功率和第三工作点的功率；
    当所述第二工作点的功率差大于所述第三工作点的功率，则判定出现误判，将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，判定所述第二工作点的功率大于所述第三工作点的功率的过程包括：
    获取第一工作点的功率；
    将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第三工作点的功率的差值作为第一差值，将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第二工作点的功率的差值作为第二差值，计算所述第一差值减去所述第二差值的功率差值；
    当所述功率差值大于零，则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于第三工作点的功率。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，判定所述第二工作点的功率大于所述第三工作点的功率的过程包括：
    计算所述第二工作点的功率减去所述第三工作点的功率的差值，当所述差值大于零则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于所述第三工作点的功率。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动包括：
    当所述第三工作点在最大功率点左侧，当前移动方向为向左，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压增加，控制所述第三工作点的下一个工作点向右移动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动包括：
    当所述第三工作点在最大功率点右侧，当前移动方向为向右，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压减小，控制所述第三工作点的下一个工作点向左移动。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点包括：
    当前移动方向为向右，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压增加，控制所述第二工作点向右移动至所述第三工作点。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至第三工作点包括：
    当前移动方向为向左，则控制MPPT电路的光伏电池的输出电压减小，控制所述第二工作点向左移动至所述第三工作点。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述MPPT电路状态改变包括：
    光照强度发生变化、增加光伏电池的输出电压或降低光伏电池的输出电压。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    当所述第二工作点的功率小于所述第三工作点的功率，则判定未出现误判；
    将所述第二工作点和所述第三工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第三工作点按当前移动方向移动至下一工作点。
  10. 一种防止MPPT电路误判的控制装置，其特征在于，包括：
    获取单元，用于获取MPPT电路第一工作点和第二工作点；
    移动单元，用于将所述第一工作点和所述第二工作点按电导增量算法进行计算，获得当前移动方向，并将所述第二工作点按当前移动方向移动至所述第三工作点；
    第一获取功率单元，用于获取所述第二工作点的功率和所述第三工作点的功率；
    执行单元，用于当所述第二工作点的功率大于所述第三工作点的功率，则判定出现误判，将所述第三工作点的下一个工作点按与当前移动方向相反的方向进行移动。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述执行单元包括：
    第二获取功率单元，用于获取所述第一工作点的功率；
    获取功率差值单元，用于将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第三工作点的功率的差值，作为第一差值，将所述第一工作点的功率减去所述第二工作点的功率的差值，作为第二差值，计算所述第一差值减去所述第二差值的功率差值；
    第一判定单元，用于当所述功率差值大于零，则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于所述第三工作点的功率。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述执行单元包括：
    计算单元，用于计算所述第二工作点的功率减去所述第三工作点的功率的差值；
    第二判定单元，用于当所述差值大于零则判定所述第二工作点的功率大于所述第三工作点的功率。
PCT/CN2015/085357 2014-07-29 2015-07-28 一种防止mppt误判的控制方法及装置 Ceased WO2016015635A1 (zh)

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