WO2016009327A1 - Système d'antennes distribuées (das) ayant une fonction d'auto-surveillance et procédé de surveillance d'un système d'antenne distribué - Google Patents

Système d'antennes distribuées (das) ayant une fonction d'auto-surveillance et procédé de surveillance d'un système d'antenne distribué Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016009327A1
WO2016009327A1 PCT/IB2015/055287 IB2015055287W WO2016009327A1 WO 2016009327 A1 WO2016009327 A1 WO 2016009327A1 IB 2015055287 W IB2015055287 W IB 2015055287W WO 2016009327 A1 WO2016009327 A1 WO 2016009327A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
master controller
distributed antenna
slave
distributed
network
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2015/055287
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English (en)
Inventor
Eugene Botha
Original Assignee
Delphius Commercial And Industrial Technologies (Pty) Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphius Commercial And Industrial Technologies (Pty) Ltd. filed Critical Delphius Commercial And Industrial Technologies (Pty) Ltd.
Publication of WO2016009327A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016009327A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/0082—Monitoring; Testing using service channels; using auxiliary channels
    • H04B17/0085—Monitoring; Testing using service channels; using auxiliary channels using test signal generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/14—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/318—Received signal strength

Definitions

  • a distributed antenna system having a self-monitoring function and a method of monitoring a distributed antenna system
  • This invention relates broadly to the field of distributed antenna systems (DASs) and more specifically to a distributed antenna system (DAS) having a self-monitoring function and to a method of monitoring a distributed antenna system (DAS).
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • Distributed antenna systems are used, among others, by wireless operators to distribute a radio frequency (RF) in buildings.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a base station and/or remote radios are located centrally and connected to a network of small, typically ceiling-mounted antennas, distributed through the building, with a branching network of RF feeder cables.
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • the Applicant is aware that an operator can go from one distributed antenna to another to measure the strength or other characteristic of a signal transmitted from the antenna with a handheld receiver (i.e., perform a so-called "walk test"). This, however, is very laborious, requiring knowledge of where each antenna is, and the ability to get fairly close to it. In addition, sometimes it is not even known that there is a fault.
  • base stations and remote radios do monitor for excessive RF signal reflection in the RF feeder cable that will occur when the RF cable is damaged or broken close to the base station.
  • it cannot directly detect faults occurring in sub-sections of the DAS network in this way, and cannot detect whether or not the signals are transmitted by the antennas.
  • Indirect measurements such as traffic volumes and/or quality can be monitored to identify possible problems, but cannot pinpoint the source of the problem.
  • a system of injected direct currents (DC) can be used but its application is limited as some components of the DAS are open circuit for DC, and others may be DC shorts.
  • the Applicant desires a system which can more efficiently and accurately, even proactively, monitor the status of the distributed antennas.
  • the Applicant has considered solutions proposed for active DASs (e.g., WO2014014689) but has concluded that due to the inherent difference in character between active and passive DASs, a different solution is required.
  • the invention provides a passive distributed antenna system (DAS) having a self-monitoring function, the DAS including: at least one master controller; a plurality of passive distributed antennas connected via a radio frequency (RF) network to the master controller, each distributed antenna being operable to emit an RF signal received via the RF network; a plurality of slave receivers, each slave receiver coupled with one of the distributed antennas, the slave receivers being connected to the RF network, such that the master controller is operable to produce a test signal for transmission to, and emission by, the distributed antennas, and each slave receiver is operable to receive the test signal emitted by its coupled distributed antenna and transmit a result signal indicative of characteristics of the received test signal back to the master controller, thereby to monitor the transmission status of its coupled distributed antenna.
  • DAS passive distributed antenna system
  • RF radio frequency
  • the slave receiver may comprise a slave antenna and a slave control circuit.
  • the slave receiver may be configured to monitor the transmission status of its coupled distributed antenna continuously or intermittently. If the monitoring is intermittent, it may be at periodic intervals, e.g., once daily.
  • the master controller may be configured to generate and inject the test signal periodically into the RF network. In other words, each slave receiver may be configured to report back to the master controller the characteristics (e.g., signal strength) of the received signal.
  • the slave antenna may be responsive only to the test signal, and not to other signals.
  • the characteristics of the received signal may include a Received Signal Strength Index (RSSI).
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Index
  • Each slave receiver may have a unique identifier associated therewith.
  • the identifier may be programmed or programmable into the slave controller circuit.
  • the unique identifier may be a code or serial number.
  • the identifier may be indicative of or associated with a physical location of the slave receiver. Accordingly, the result signal transmitted by each slave receiver back to the master controller may include both the identifier and the received characteristics.
  • the master controller may be configured to monitor the result signal.
  • the master controller may be operable to resolve the characteristics of the emitted test signal from the result signal.
  • the master controller may comprise a processor and a computer-readable medium on which is stored a computer program to direct the operation of the processer and hence to realise the functionality of the master controller.
  • the master controller may include acceptable operating criteria indicative of acceptable or unacceptable transmission characteristics of the distributed antennas.
  • the operating criteria may be stored on the computer-readable medium of the master controller, or externally.
  • the master controller may be configured to monitor for receipt of any result signals indicating that the characteristics (e.g., signal strength) fall outside acceptable transmission characteristics dictated by the operating criteria.
  • the identifier in the result signal may then identify the particular distributed antenna to which the monitored characteristics relate.
  • the master controller may be operable to create a general log or record of the received results signals.
  • the master controller may be operable to create a fault log or record of the received results signals of only those characteristics and associated identifiers which violate the acceptable operating criteria.
  • the fault log may be accessible by an operator to provide an indication of which distributed antenna or antennas need attention (e.g., service, repair, replacement, etc.).
  • the fault log may be used to isolate faults not caused by a faulty antenna as such. If all of the distributed antennas on a branch of the RF network simultaneously stop operating properly, it is likely that there is a fault in a component of the network itself, (e.g., cable, splitter, connector, or couplers).
  • the log may be stored at a network operating centre, for access by authorised operators.
  • the log may be inspected periodically.
  • the master controller may include an alert mechanism, to trigger an alert in response to at least one distributed antenna not complying with the acceptable operating criteria.
  • the alert mechanism may trigger a message or alert at the network operating centre.
  • the alert message may trigger a message to be sent to a communication device of an operator (e.g., an SMS message sent to a designated mobile phone number).
  • Each slave receiver may include its own internal power source, e.g., a battery. The battery, with sufficient power management, may permit the slave receiver to operate autonomously for five years or more.
  • the slave receiver may implement a sleep function and only wake up at periodic intervals to measure the distributed antennas and report the results to the master controller.
  • slave receivers are coupled to the distributed antennas, no changes to the RF network are required (other than to create a connection point to the slave receiver).
  • the distributed antenna and slave receiver may be integrated into a single hybrid component.
  • the hybrid component may then be used to replace conventional distributed antennas without any changes to the RF network.
  • the master controller may be installed at an upstream end of the RF network.
  • Each slave receiver may be configured to transmit the result signal wirelessly for receipt by the coupled distributed antenna.
  • the slave receivers may be operable to communicate with the master controller using a digital protocol, which is modulated onto a selected carrier frequency. This carrier frequency may be selected to fall within the operating bandwidth of the DAS, but outside the frequencies allocated to the operators, thereby to prevent interference between the DAS and the wireless operator.
  • the slave receives may use a BluetoothTM Low Energy (LE) protocol.
  • LE BluetoothTM Low Energy
  • the invention extends to a method of monitoring a distributed antenna system (DAS) comprising a plurality of distributed antennas connected via a radio frequency (RF) network, each distributed antenna being operable to emit an RF signal received via the RF network, the method including: providing, by a master controller, a test signal for transmission to, and emission by, the distributed antennas, transmitting, by the distributed antennas, the test signal; receiving, by a plurality of slave receivers, each slave receiver coupled with a distributed antenna, the test signal emitted by its coupled distributed antenna; and transmitting a result signal indicative of characteristics of the received test signal back to the master controller, thereby to monitor the transmission status of its coupled distributed antenna.
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • RF radio frequency
  • the method may further include comparing the characteristics of the received test signal with acceptable operating criteria, thereby to determine whether or not the distributed antenna is operating adequately.
  • the method may include raising an alert in response to a determination that the distributed antenna not operating properly.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a DAS in accordance with the PRIOR ART
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a DAS in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a hybrid component for use in the DAS of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of the hybrid component of FIG. 3 in use
  • FIG. 5 shows a photograph of a slave receiver (or slave unit) of the DAS of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the master controller of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of a method of monitoring a DAS in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a PRIOR ART DAS 10.
  • the DAS 10 includes a plurality of base station transceivers (BTSs) 12 or other active network equipment (e.g., RRUs), which are connected to a common network element like a filter or combiner 14.
  • BTSs base station transceivers
  • RRUs active network equipment
  • a plurality of distributed antennas 20 are connected via an RF network 16 usually comprising coaxial cables (although fibre cables carrying RF-over-fibre are also becoming common).
  • the RF network 16 is divided using network elements like couplers 18 and splitters 22.
  • the DAS 10 a scalable and configurable, so although only four antennas 20 are illustrated, there may be more or less, with different network elements 18, 22, depending on the installation.
  • Some monitoring functionality can be performed by the BTS 12. It can be configured to monitor reflected power, or return loss, to determine the health of the RF network 16. In a single feeder to a single antenna the return loss should be below a selected value, typically from -20dB to -10dB. As the RF loss in the RF network 16 approaches half of the return loss specification, the BTS 12 cannot determine if the return loss is due to attenuation or a problem in the system. Using the BTS 12 (remote radio head (RRU), not illustrated) return loss measurements to determine the health of every element of the DAS 10 system is not feasible, as the loss in the DAS 10 can be up to 30dB and there are numerous antennas 20 connected to the single BTS 12. While a problem in the nearby filter or combiner 14 could probably be identified, other more minor or distant problems, such as disconnected or loose connectors, damaged RF feed lines and/or faulty components (couplers, splitters or antennas) cannot.
  • RRU remote radio head
  • FIG. 2 shows a DAS 100 in accordance with the invention.
  • the DAS 100 includes a master controller 102 and a plurality of slave receivers 120, each slave receiver 120 associated with a distributed antenna 20.
  • the slave receivers 120 also have a transmission capability and are thus transceivers.
  • the master controller 102 has at least one processor 104, a computer-readable medium 106, and a coupler 18 to connect the master controller 102 to the RF network 16.
  • the processor 104 may be one or more microprocessors, controllers, digital signal processors (DSPs), or any other suitable computing device, resource, hardware, software, or embedded logic.
  • the computer-readable medium 106 may be any non-transitory memory module such as RAM or ROM and may comprise a plurality of discrete components or memory technologies.
  • Stored on the computer- readable medium 106 is a computer program 108 which, when executed, directs the operation of the processor 104. Also stored on the computer-readable medium 106 are operating criteria 1 10 and a result log 1 12 (further described below).
  • the master controller 102 is installed downstream of the BTSs 12 (or RRUs), after all combining of the different generation and/or frequency bands of all the operators that feed into the DAS 100. A faulty combiner 14 will be detected by the standard return loss measurements of the BTSs 12 or RRUs, and need not be monitored by the master controller 102.
  • the master controller 102 is powered by the same source used by the BTS/RRU 12, e.g., AC power or battery backup power.
  • the DAS 100 has a slave receiver 120 coupled with each distributed antenna 20 via an air interface.
  • the distributed antenna 20 and the slave receiver 120 are integrated into a single hybrid component 150 which may make installation and integration into existing RF networks 16 simpler.
  • the slave receiver 120 could be a standalone unit discrete from the distributed antenna 20. Either way, the slave receiver 120 is in close proximity to its coupled distributed antenna 20, so that any signal which a particular slave receiver 120 actually receives would have emanated exclusively or at least primarily from the coupled distributed antenna 20 and not from the remaining distributed antennas 20.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the hybrid component 150 in further detail.
  • the distributed antenna 20 is connected directly to the single network point in the RF network 16.
  • the slave antenna 200 is placed in close proximity to the distributed antenna 20.
  • the distributed antenna 20 may be in the order of 10-30 cm in size, while the slave receiver 120 is smaller, in the order of 5-8 cm in size.
  • the slave receiver 120 can thus be physically attached to a structural part of the distributed antenna 20.
  • This new hybrid component 150 may be considered a self-monitoring intelligent antenna.
  • the slave receiver 120 includes a slave antenna 200, an RF matching network 201 , a slave controller circuit 202, and a battery 204.
  • these components 200-204 may be integrated in a single SoC (system on chip).
  • these components 200-202 may be provided by a CC2540 chip by Texas InstrumentsTM.
  • the CC2540 chip uses the BluetoothTM Low Energy (LE) protocol and communicates with the master controller 102 using a BluetoothTM LE protocol stack provided by Texas InstrumentsTM.
  • LE Low Energy
  • Bluetooth use an ISM band, thus no license is required; 4.
  • the 2.45GHz frequency used by Bluetooth is between two cellular frequencies (UMTS2100 and LTE2600) and will be in the band of operation of all triple-band DASs;
  • the Bluetooth communication protocol can be implemented on the slave controller circuit 202;
  • the slave controller circuit 202 in this example also has an AB1805 real time clock (RTC).
  • the purpose of the RTC is to implement a sleep function or power conserving state. More specifically, the purpose of the RTC is to turn the CC2540 chip on once every 24 hours (or other predefined time interval) to report the RSSI to the master controller 102.
  • the communication used between the RTC and the CC2540 chip uses l 2 C serial protocol. As soon as the CC2540 chip of the slave controller circuit 202 has reported (that is, sent a result signal) to the master controller 102, it sends a confirmation signal to the RTC, and the RTC then switches off the CC2450 chip. After 24 hours the RTC alarm is triggered and the CC2540 chip is turned back on to report.
  • Each slave receiver 120 is operable to receive, via the slave antenna 200, the test signal emitted by its coupled distributed antenna 20.
  • the slave controller circuit 202 is then operable to generate and transmit a result signal indicative of characteristics (e.g., RSSI) of the received test signal back to the master controller 102.
  • the slave receivers 120 communicate with the master controller 102 through the feeder network 16 using a digital protocol, which is modulated onto a carrier frequency. This frequency is selected to fall within the operating bandwidth of the DAS 100, but outside the frequencies allocated to the operators to prevent interference between the monitoring system and the wireless operator.
  • the slave antenna 200 and its matching network 201 are designed to cause the smallest possible perturbation of the radiation characteristics of the distributed antenna 20 in all the frequencies used by the operator, but with reasonable coupling at the frequency of the test signal to ensure enough sensitivity to monitor the signal strength accurately at the distributed antenna 20.
  • the battery 204 is a long life battery, e.g., a CR2032 3V battery. Instead, or in addition, an energy harvester (solar or RF) may be used. In addition, the battery 204 may be a rechargeable battery to enable at least five years, and possibly 10 years, of service before replacement.
  • an energy harvester solar or RF
  • the battery 204 may be a rechargeable battery to enable at least five years, and possibly 10 years, of service before replacement.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the hybrid component of FIG. 3 in use and should be interpreted with FIG. 6 (below).
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a photograph of a functional slave receiver 120 and is merely for illustration.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the master controller 102 in more detail.
  • the master controller 102 actually includes plural coupled processing devices comprising a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filter 140 connected to the coupler 18, a CC2540 chip 142 (like the chip in the slave receiver 120), and chickenTM Uno 144 and an chickenTM Yun 146.
  • the SAW filter 142 is configured to eliminate noise from a 2.4 GHz signal which may be used in the DAS 100.
  • the operation of the master controller 102 including the chips 142-146 is described below with reference to FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 400, in accordance with the invention, of monitoring the DAS 100.
  • the master controller 102 generates and injects (at block 402) a test signal in the RF network 16.
  • the test signal is injected by a coupler 18 with sufficiently low coupling to limit the power loss to the DAS 100, but with enough coupling to ensure sufficient sensitivity to accurately monitor the DAS 100.
  • the master controller 102 can monitor the RF network 16 continuously and will have enough processing power to store reference and historical data, and to do all necessary calculations.
  • the master controller 102 may also include a communication arrangement to communicate with a remote operation centre using one or more communication channels.
  • the master controller 102 may use an open standard, such as SNMP, to communicate via a modem or the wireless operator site LAN to the network operation centre.
  • the distributed antennas 20 receive the test signal and transmit it (at block 404) has they would any other signal which they receive in their operative transmission bandwidth. Accordingly, the respective slave antennas 200 receive (at block 406) the transmitted test signal from their coupled distributed antenna 20 (and not of any other distributed antennas 20), provided that the coupled distributed antenna 20 actually received the test signal and is operative. If not, then the coupled slave antenna 200 will not receive the test signal.
  • each slave receiver 120 and specifically the slave controller circuit 202 interprets (at block 407) the received signal. In this example, it merely interprets the received test signal strength.
  • the slave controller circuit 202 generates and transmits (at block 408) a result signal comprising an indication of the received test signal strength and the unique identifier (MAC address) of the specific slave receiver 120. (If no test signal is received, the slave receiver 120 may either not send a result signal or send a result signal indicating non-receipt or zero power of the test signal.)
  • a received signal (specifically the result signal sent from the slave receiver 120) is advertised to the CC2540 chip 142 of the master controller 102.
  • the master controller 102 detects receipt of the result signal, the two CC2540 chips (one in the master controller 102 and the other in the slave receiver 120) pair via the Bluetooth LE protocol.
  • the slave receiver 120 sends the result signal with a strength of 0 dBm to the master controller 102.
  • the CC2540 chip 142 measures the RSSI and reports it, together with the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the slave receiver 120, via a serial TTL protocol, to the chicken Uno 144.
  • the chicken Uno 144 is responsible for conveying the information to the PC Yun 146.
  • the RSSI indicates the status of the network between the master controller 102 and the particular slave receiver 120.
  • a weak RSSI (below a range of expected values) indicates a deteriorating network, whereas a strong RSSI (in the range of the expected values) indicates a healthy network. If no signal at all is received within a predefined period of time, it is assumed that the DAS 100 is non-operational or that an antenna 20 in the DAS 100 is offline.
  • the chicken Yun 146 is a development board based on the ATMega32u4 and the Atheros AR9331 .
  • the AR9331 processor supports Linux distribution based on OpenWrt.
  • the board has built-in Ethernet, WiFi support, and micro-SD card slot.
  • the Linux based OpenWrt and micro-SD allows the master controller 102 to create a file of the result log 1 12 where the data of each slave receiver 120 can be saved.
  • a webpage can be served on the chicken Yun 146 where a technician can access the data via the Ethernet port.
  • the electrician Yun 146 also includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium on which computer programs and operational criteria can be stored.
  • the RTC is used to wake up the slave receivers 120 once every 24 hours, preferably during "quiet" time to reduce possible interference from Wi-Fi access points.
  • the result signal may comprise a series of back and forth communications: the slave receiver 120 identifies itself on the network, e.g., using its MAC address, and sends a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) to the master controller 102.
  • RSSI received signal strength indicator
  • the master controller 102 receives (at block 409) and logs (at block 410) the received signals strengths and associated identifier in the results log 1 12.
  • the master controller 102 determines (at block 412) whether or not the signal strength (the RSSI value) complies with the acceptable operating criteria 1 10. It should be noted that different operating criteria can be set for different distributed antennas 20 and thus each specific acceptable operating criteria can be tailored to a specific distributed antenna 20. If the received RSSI is out of the acceptable operating criteria 1 10, a component in the DAS 100 is likely faulty.
  • the master controller 102 raises an alert (at block 414), for example, by communicating an alarm signal to the network operations centre. Probable fault locations and/or faulty components can then be isolated and fixed.
  • the method 400 is repeated periodically and indefinitely, thereby to monitor the DAS 100 over its operating lifetime.
  • the invention as exemplified has a number of advantages. Since the slave receivers 120 can be integrated with the distributed antennas 20 to form a hybrid component 150, they are integrated into the DAS 100 easily and conveniently, and no changes to the existing RF network 16 are needed. Thus, existing DASs 10 can be conveniently upgraded by just swapping the old distributed antennas 20 with the hybrid units 200 and installing the master controller 102.
  • each slave receiver 120 is loaded onto the master controller 102. This can be done manually or automatically using the Bluetooth capability of the slave receivers 120 and the master controller 102.
  • the master controller 102 can then collect RSSI data to build reference RSSI values, e.g., stored on the computer-readable medium 106 in the results log 1 12. This database can be compared to the predicted design values (i.e., operating criteria 1 10) to verify the status of the DAS 100, whether it is a new or retro-fitted DAS 100. Faults can be detected during routine maintenance, e.g., inspection of the result log 1 12, or fault notifications can be pushed from the master controller 102 to the network operations centre for a faster response.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'antennes distribuées (DAS) passives auto-surveillé (100) comprenant au moins un dispositif de commande maître (102) et une pluralité d'antennes distribuées passives (20) connectées par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau radiofréquence (RF) (16) au dispositif de commande maître (102), chaque antenne distribuée (20) ayant pour fonction d'émettre un signal RF reçu par l'intermédiaire du réseau RF (16). Le DAS (100) comprend une pluralité de récepteurs esclaves (120) couplés aux antennes distribuées (20), les récepteurs esclaves (120) étant connectés au réseau RF (16). Le dispositif de commande maître (102) a pour fonction de produire un signal de test destiné à être transmis à des antennes distribuées (20) et à être émis par celles-ci, et chaque récepteur esclave (120) a pour fonction de recevoir le signal de test émis par son antenne répartie couplée (20) et renvoyer un signal de résultat indiquant des caractéristiques du signal de test reçu au dispositif de commande maître (102), pour ainsi surveiller état de transmission de son antenne distribuée couplée (20).
PCT/IB2015/055287 2014-07-16 2015-07-13 Système d'antennes distribuées (das) ayant une fonction d'auto-surveillance et procédé de surveillance d'un système d'antenne distribué WO2016009327A1 (fr)

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ZA2014/05229 2014-07-16
ZA201405229 2014-07-16

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