WO2015199995A1 - Adaptive step and charge current battery charging - Google Patents

Adaptive step and charge current battery charging Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015199995A1
WO2015199995A1 PCT/US2015/035323 US2015035323W WO2015199995A1 WO 2015199995 A1 WO2015199995 A1 WO 2015199995A1 US 2015035323 W US2015035323 W US 2015035323W WO 2015199995 A1 WO2015199995 A1 WO 2015199995A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
charge
current
constant
charging mode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/035323
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Andy Keates
Naoki Matsumura
Original Assignee
Intel Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel Corporation filed Critical Intel Corporation
Priority to SG11201609544XA priority Critical patent/SG11201609544XA/en
Priority to CN201580027798.1A priority patent/CN106471701B/en
Priority to JP2017510469A priority patent/JP2017515453A/en
Priority to EP15811988.3A priority patent/EP3161938A4/en
Publication of WO2015199995A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015199995A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example of a method of charging a battery according to an embodiment
  • a region 11 in the current curve may represent the additional amount of charge delivered to the battery as a result of the additional charging momentum, as compared to a more traditional approach of simply decreasing the charge current to current C2 immediately upon reaching voltage threshold Vi. Additionally, the size and shape of the region 11 may automatically adapt itself as the charge capacity and internal chemistry of the battery changes over the life of the battery.
  • the constant current charging mode may be considered a “constant current- type” charging mode and the constant voltage charging mode may be considered a “constant voltage-type” charging mode).
  • a logic architecture 38 (38a-38e) is shown, wherein the architecture 38 is capable of adaptively step charging a battery as well as adaptively selecting charge currents for a battery.
  • the logic architecture 38 which may be implemented as logic instructions, configurable logic, fixed-functionality hardware logic, etc., or any combination thereof, may therefore conduct one or more of the operations described with respect to the method 14 (FIG. 2) and/or the method 26 (FIG. 3).
  • a charge cycle initiator 38a applies an initial burst charge to the battery and places the battery in a first constant voltage charging mode in response to the initial burst charge causing the voltage of the battery to reach a level corresponding to the first constant voltage charging mode.
  • Example 10 may include the method of Example 9, wherein adjusting the charge current includes maintaining a constant C-rate for the battery.
  • Example 11 may include the method of Example 9, further including determining an initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle, determining an initial charge current setting for the battery, and determining the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
  • techniques described herein may substantially reduce charge times, particularly for aged battery cells having high internal impedance.
  • the charge current may be adjusted to automatically match the first "fast, but gentle" charge step and the abilities of the battery cell during the beginning of the charge cycle.
  • Such an approach may enable benefits achieved at the beginning of the charge cycle to be maximized throughout the life of the battery.
  • Techniques may also mitigate the acceleration of capacity fade by adaptively setting the charge current based on the full- charge capacity of the battery in order to maintain a constant C-rate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Systems and methods may place a battery in a first constant voltage charging mode and monitoring a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode. Additionally, the battery may be placed in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold. In one example, a rising voltage of the battery is monitored while the battery is in the constant current charging mode and the battery is placed in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold. Moreover, a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode may be adjusted based on a charge capacity of the battery.

Description

ADAPTIVE STEP AND CHARGE CURRENT BATTERY CHARGING
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 14/316,331 filed on June 26, 2014.
TECHNICAL FIELD
Embodiments generally relate to battery charging. More particularly, embodiments relate to adaptive step and adaptive charge current approaches to battery charging.
BACKGROUND
Conventional "step charging" approaches may begin a battery charging cycle by placing the battery in a constant current charging ("CC") mode at a relatively high current level for a brief period of time and then reducing the current level of the constant current charging mode in order to prevent damage to the electrodes of the battery, wherein the lower current level may typically remain fixed over the life of the battery. Such an approach may result in a loss in charging momentum due to a voltage drop that occurs immediately after the change in current level. Moreover, as the number of charge cycles encountered by the battery increases, the full-charge capacity of the battery typically decreases. Thus, charging the battery at the same CC current level over the life of the battery may cause damage to the battery and increase capacity fade.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The various advantages of the embodiments will become apparent to one skilled in the art by reading the following specification and appended claims, and by referencing the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A is a plot of an example of a set of charging curves according to an embodiment;
FIG. IB is an enlarged view of an example of region B in FIG. 1A;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example of a method of charging a battery according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an example of a method of adapting charge current to full-charge capacity according to an embodiment; FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example of a logic architecture according to an embodiment; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example of a system according to an embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Turning now to FIGs. 1 A and IB, a set of charging curves is shown in which a current curve 10 reflects the current level of a battery (e.g., lithium-ion/Li-ion battery) being charged and a voltage curve 12 reflects the voltage level of the battery being charged. In the illustrated example, the discharged battery is placed in a constant current charging mode (e.g., initial burst charge) at the beginning of the charge cycle, at current Ci (e.g., time to) and maintaining a brief plateau 13 in the current curve 10. The illustrated initial burst charge causes the battery cell voltage to quickly rise to a limit Vi. At this point in the charging cycle the battery cell is held in a constant voltage charging mode, which may result in the voltage of the battery remaining at a relatively constant voltage level Vi (e.g., 4.1V), while the current of the battery may peak at a relatively high current level Ci (e.g., 3A) and then gradually diminish.
By permitting the current to diminish gradually over time, the illustrated approach adaptively maintains the charging momentum established at the beginning of the charge cycle and effectively reduces the amount of time needed to charge the battery. More particularly, a region 11 in the current curve may represent the additional amount of charge delivered to the battery as a result of the additional charging momentum, as compared to a more traditional approach of simply decreasing the charge current to current C2 immediately upon reaching voltage threshold Vi. Additionally, the size and shape of the region 11 may automatically adapt itself as the charge capacity and internal chemistry of the battery changes over the life of the battery.
At time ti, the illustrated diminishing current falls to a predetermined threshold (e.g., C2), and the battery is placed in a constant current charging mode. The constant current charging mode may hold the current of the battery at the predetermined threshold and cause the voltage of the battery to rise. When the voltage of the battery reaches the targeted voltage level V2 (e.g., 4.2V at time t2), the battery may be returned to a constant voltage charging mode in which the voltage of the battery is held at the targeted voltage level V2. The battery may remain in the constant voltage charging mode until the battery reaches a full-charge state and the current drops to some nominal value.
Turning now to FIG. 2, a method 14 of charging a battery is shown. The method 14 may be implemented as one or more modules in a set of logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), firmware, flash memory, etc., in configurable logic such as, for example, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), in fixed-functionality hardware logic using circuit technology such as, for example, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) technology, or any combination thereof.
Illustrated processing block 15 provides for briefly placing a battery in a constant current charging mode to provide an initial burst charge at the beginning of a charge cycle for the battery. Block 16 may placing the battery in a first constant voltage charging mode after the initial constant current charge has caused the battery voltage to rise to the initial charge voltage step. Additionally, a diminishing current of the battery may be monitored at block 18 while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode. Illustrated block 20 places the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold. As already noted, the constant current charging mode may involve holding the charging current at the first predetermined threshold. A rising voltage of the battery may be monitored at block 22 while the battery is in the constant current charging mode, wherein the battery is placed in a second constant voltage charging mode at illustrated block 24 in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold (e.g., targeted voltage level).
With further regard to the charge current associated with the constant current charging mode, the rate of charge and discharge may be related to the size of the battery cell using a "C-rate". For example, a C-rate of 1C may be the current that would deplete a fully charged cell in one hour. Thus, a cell with a capacity of, for example, 2Ah would need a current of 2A to deplete in one hour, wherein a C-rate of 1C for the cell would correspond to a charge current of 2A, a C-rate of 2C would correspond to a charge current of 4A, and so forth. The full-charge capacity of a battery may decrease when the battery charge and discharge sequences are repeated (e.g., the battery is cycled). Accordingly, one approach to preventing damage to the battery and slowing battery capacity fade may be to adjust the charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on the charge capacity of the battery so that a constant C-rate is maintained for the battery.
For example, FIG. 3 shows a method 26 of adapting charge current to full- charge capacity. The method 26 may be implemented as one or more modules in a set of logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as RAM, ROM, PROM, firmware, flash memory, etc., in configurable logic such as, for example, PLAs, FPGAs, CPLDs, in fixed-functionality hardware logic using circuit technology such as, for example, ASIC, CMOS or TTL technology, or any combination thereof.
Illustrated processing block 28 provides for determining the initial full- charge capacity (e.g., "x" Ah) of a battery (e.g., a fresh cell) prior to an initial charge cycle. Block 28 may involve taking a capacity measurement of the battery, consulting a system specification, etc. Additionally, an initial charge current setting (e.g., "y" Amps) may be determined for the battery at block 30, wherein block 30 might include accessing system firmware, registers, etc., depending on the circumstances. Illustrated block 32 determines a C-rate (e.g., y/x) for the battery based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting. Thus, if, for example, the initial full- charge capacity of the battery is 2Ah and the initial charge current setting for the battery is 2A, the C-rate may determined to be 1C (e.g., 2A/2Ah=lC). As will be discussed in greater detail, the C-rate may be maintained as a constant as the full-charge capacity of the battery decreases over the life of the battery. Such an approach may substantially reduce the rate of battery capacity fade.
More particularly, block 34 may determine a subsequent full-charge capacity (e.g., "z" Ah) of the battery after the initial charge cycle. Block 34 may therefore involve taking a capacity measurement of the battery similarly as in the case of block 28. Illustrated block 36 adjusts the charge current (e.g., z*y/x) based on the subsequent full-charge capacity and the constant C-rate. Thus, if, in the above example, the subsequent full-charge capacity is lAh, the adjusted charge current might be 1A (e.g., lAh*2A/2Ah=lA). Accordingly, the adjusted charge current may be used to monitor the diminishing current of the first constant voltage charging mode as well as to place the battery in the constant current charging mode, as already discussed. The specific current and voltage values used herein are to facilitate discussion only and may vary depending on the circumstances. Moreover, the term "constant" may be used in reference to currents and voltages that vary slightly and/or negligibly from a particular value (e.g., the constant current charging mode may be considered a "constant current- type" charging mode and the constant voltage charging mode may be considered a "constant voltage-type" charging mode).
Turning now to FIG. 4, a logic architecture 38 (38a-38e) is shown, wherein the architecture 38 is capable of adaptively step charging a battery as well as adaptively selecting charge currents for a battery. The logic architecture 38, which may be implemented as logic instructions, configurable logic, fixed-functionality hardware logic, etc., or any combination thereof, may therefore conduct one or more of the operations described with respect to the method 14 (FIG. 2) and/or the method 26 (FIG. 3). In the illustrated example, a charge cycle initiator 38a applies an initial burst charge to the battery and places the battery in a first constant voltage charging mode in response to the initial burst charge causing the voltage of the battery to reach a level corresponding to the first constant voltage charging mode. Additionally, a current decrease unit 38b may monitor a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode. Thus, the illustrated approach may adaptively maintain the charging momentum established at the beginning of the charge cycle and effectively reduce the amount of time needed to charge the battery.
A mode modifier 38c may place the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold. As already noted, the first predetermined threshold may be the charge current level used for the constant current charging mode. Moreover, the charge current level corresponding to the constant current charging mode may be adjustable based on the full-charge capacity of the battery. The logic architecture 38 may also include a voltage increase unit 38d to monitor the rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant voltage charging mode, wherein the mode modifier 38c may place the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at the end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
In one example, the charge current adapter 38e includes a charge current adapter 38e that adjusts the charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on the charge capacity of the battery. More particularly, the charge current adapter 38e may maintain a constant C-rate for the battery. Thus, the charge current adapter 38e might include a capacity initializer 40 configured to determine the initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle. Additionally, a current initializer 42 may determine an initial charge current setting for the battery, wherein a C-rate unit 44 may determine a constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting. The illustrated logic architecture 38 also includes a capacity monitor 46 to determine subsequent full-charge capacities of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is to be adjusted based on the subsequent full-charge capacities and the constant C-rate.
FIG. 5 shows a computing system 48 that may be part of a device having computing functionality (e.g., personal digital assistant/PDA, notebook computer, tablet computer, convertible tablet, desktop computer, cloud server), communications functionality (e.g., wireless smart phone), imaging functionality, media playing functionality (e.g., smart television/TV), wearable functionality (e.g., clothing, jewelry, eyewear, headwear) or any combination thereof (e.g., mobile Internet device/MID). In the illustrated example, the system 48 includes a plurality of electronic components 50 (50a-50c) such as, for example, a processor 50a, display 50b, network controller 50c, and so forth. In one example, the system 48 is powered by a battery 52 (e.g., Li-ion battery), which may be charged by a charger 54. The illustrated charger 54 includes the logic architecture 38 already described above with regard to FIG. 4. Therefore, the charger 54 may be configured to determine the initial full-charge capacity of the battery 52 prior to an initial charge cycle, determine an initial charge current setting for the battery, and determine a C-rate for the battery based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting, wherein the C-rate may be maintained as a constant for charge cycles after the initial charge cycle.
The charger 54 may also place the battery 52 in a first constant voltage charging mode at the beginning of a charge cycle for the battery, monitor a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode, and place the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold (e.g., the adaptive charge current level used for the constant current charging mode). Additionally, the charger 54 may monitor a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode and place the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at the end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold (e.g., targeted voltage). Additional Notes and Examples:
Example 1 may include a battery operated system comprising one or more electronic components, a battery to supply power to the one or more electronic components, and a charger coupled to the battery, the charger including a charge cycle initiator to place the battery in a first constant voltage charging mode , a current decrease unit to monitor a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode, and a mode modifier to place the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold.
Example 2 may include the system of Example 1, wherein the charger further includes a voltage increase unit to monitor a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode, wherein the mode modifier is to place the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
Example 3 may include the system of any one of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the charger further includes a charge current adapter to adjust a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on a charge capacity of the battery.
Example 4 may include the system of Example 3, wherein the charge current adapter is to maintain a constant C-rate for the battery.
Example 5 may include the system of Example 4, wherein the charge current adapter includes a capacity initializer to determine an initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle, a current initializer to determine an initial charge current setting for the battery, and a C-rate unit to determine the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
Example 6 may include the system of Example 5, wherein the charge current adapter further includes a capacity monitor to determine a subsequent full-charge capacity of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is to be adjusted based on the subsequent full -charge capacity and the constant C-rate.
Example 7 may include a method of adaptively charging a battery, comprising placing the battery in a first constant voltage charging mode, monitoring a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode, and placing the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold. Example 8 may include the method of Example 7, further including monitoring a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode, and placing the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
Example 9 may include the method of any one of Examples 7 or 8, further including adjusting a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on a charge capacity of the battery.
Example 10 may include the method of Example 9, wherein adjusting the charge current includes maintaining a constant C-rate for the battery.
Example 11 may include the method of Example 9, further including determining an initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle, determining an initial charge current setting for the battery, and determining the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
Example 12 may include the method of Example 11, further including determining a subsequent full-charge capacity of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is adjusted based on the subsequent full-charge capacity and the constant C-rate.
Example 13 may include at least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to place a battery in a first constant voltage charging mode, monitor a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode, and place the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold.
Example 14 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to monitor a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode, and place the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
Example 15 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of any one of Examples 13 or 14, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to adjust a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on a charge capacity of the battery.
Example 16 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example 15, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to maintain a constant C-rate for the battery.
Example 17 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example 15, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to determine an initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle, determine an initial charge current setting for the battery, and determine the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
Example 18 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example 17, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to determine a subsequent full-charge capacity of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is adjusted based on the subsequent full-charge capacity and the constant C-rate.
Example 19 may include an adaptive charging apparatus comprising a charge cycle initiator to place a battery in a first constant voltage charging mode, a current decrease unit to monitor a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode, and a mode modifier to place the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold.
Example 20 may include the apparatus of Example 19, further including a voltage increase unit to monitor a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode, wherein the mode modifier is to place the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
Example 21 may include the apparatus of any one of Examples 19 or 20, further including a charge current adapter to adjust a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on a charge capacity of the battery.
Example 22 may include the apparatus of Example 21, wherein the charge current adapter is to maintain a constant C-rate for the battery.
Example 23 may include the apparatus of Example 21, wherein the charge current adapter includes a capacity initializer to determine an initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle, a current initializer to determine an initial charge current setting for the battery, and a C-rate unit to determine the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
Example 24 may include the apparatus of Example 23, wherein the charge current adapter further includes a capacity monitor to determine a subsequent full- charge capacity of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is to be adjusted based on the subsequent full-charge capacity and the constant C-rate.
Example 25 may include the apparatus of any one of Examples 19 to 24, wherein the charge cycle initiator is to place the battery in the first constant voltage charging mode in response to an initial burst charge causing a voltage of the battery to reach a level corresponding to the first constant voltage charging mode.
Example 26 may include an adaptive charging apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of Examples 7 to 12.
Thus, techniques described herein may substantially reduce charge times, particularly for aged battery cells having high internal impedance. For example, the charge current may be adjusted to automatically match the first "fast, but gentle" charge step and the abilities of the battery cell during the beginning of the charge cycle. Such an approach may enable benefits achieved at the beginning of the charge cycle to be maximized throughout the life of the battery. Techniques may also mitigate the acceleration of capacity fade by adaptively setting the charge current based on the full- charge capacity of the battery in order to maintain a constant C-rate.
Embodiments are applicable for use with all types of semiconductor integrated circuit ("IC") chips. Examples of these IC chips include but are not limited to processors, controllers, chipset components, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), memory chips, network chips, systems on chip (SoCs), SSD/ AND controller ASICs, and the like. In addition, in some of the drawings, signal conductor lines are represented with lines. Some may be different, to indicate more constituent signal paths, have a number label, to indicate a number of constituent signal paths, and/or have arrows at one or more ends, to indicate primary information flow direction. This, however, should not be construed in a limiting manner. Rather, such added detail may be used in connection with one or more exemplary embodiments to facilitate easier understanding of a circuit. Any represented signal lines, whether or not having additional information, may actually comprise one or more signals that may travel in multiple directions and may be implemented with any suitable type of signal scheme, e.g., digital or analog lines implemented with differential pairs, optical fiber lines, and/or single-ended lines.
Example sizes/models/values/ranges may have been given, although embodiments are not limited to the same. As manufacturing techniques (e.g., photolithography) mature over time, it is expected that devices of smaller size could be manufactured. In addition, well known power/ground connections to IC chips and other components may or may not be shown within the figures, for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure certain aspects of the embodiments. Further, arrangements may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring embodiments, and also in view of the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram arrangements are highly dependent upon the platform within which the embodiment is to be implemented, i.e., such specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art. Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example embodiments, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting.
The term "coupled" may be used herein to refer to any type of relationship, direct or indirect, between the components in question, and may apply to electrical, mechanical, fluid, optical, electromagnetic, electromechanical or other connections. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein only to facilitate discussion, and carry no particular temporal or chronological significance unless otherwise indicated.
As used in this application and in the claims, a list of items joined by the term "one or more of may mean any combination of the listed terms. For example, the phrases "one or more of A, B or C" may mean A, B, C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B and C.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate from the foregoing description that the broad techniques of the embodiments can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while the embodiments have been described in connection with particular examples thereof, the true scope of the embodiments should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent to the skilled practitioner upon a study of the drawings, specification, and following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS We claim:
1. A battery operated system comprising:
one or more electronic components;
a battery to supply power to the one or more electronic components; and a charger coupled to the battery, the charger including:
a charge cycle initiator to place the battery in a first constant voltage charging mode;
a current decrease unit to monitor a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode; and
a mode modifier to place the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the charger further includes a voltage increase unit to monitor a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode, wherein the mode modifier is to place the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
3. The system of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the charger further includes a charge current adapter to adjust a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on a charge capacity of the battery.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the charge current adapter is to maintain a constant C-rate for the battery.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the charge current adapter includes: a capacity initializer to determine an initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle;
a current initializer to determine an initial charge current setting for the battery; and
a C-rate unit to determine the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the charge current adapter further includes a capacity monitor to determine a subsequent full-charge capacity of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is to be adjusted based on the subsequent full-charge capacity and the constant C-rate.
7. A method of adaptively charging a battery, comprising:
placing a battery in a first constant voltage charging mode;
monitoring a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode; and
placing the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold.
8. The method of claim 7, further including:
monitoring a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode; and
placing the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
9. The method of any one of claims 7 or 8, further including adjusting a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on a charge capacity of the battery.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein adjusting the charge current includes maintaining a constant C-rate for the battery.
11. The method of claim 9, further including:
determining an initial full -charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle;
determining an initial charge current setting for the battery; and
determining the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
12. The method of claim 11, further including determining a subsequent full-charge capacity of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is adjusted based on the subsequent full -charge capacity and the constant C- rate.
13. At least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to:
place a battery in a first constant voltage charging mode;
monitor a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode; and
place the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold.
14. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to:
monitor a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode; and
place the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
15. The at least one computer readable storage medium of any one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to adjust a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on a charge capacity of the battery.
16. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to maintain a constant C-rate for the battery.
17. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to: determine an initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle;
determine an initial charge current setting for the battery; and
determine the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
18. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to determine a subsequent full-charge capacity of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is adjusted based on the subsequent full-charge capacity and the constant C-rate.
19. An adaptive charging apparatus comprising:
a charge cycle initiator to place a battery in a first constant voltage charging mode;
a current decrease unit to monitor a diminishing current of the battery while the battery is in the first constant voltage charging mode; and
a mode modifier to place the battery in a constant current charging mode when the diminishing current falls to a first predetermined threshold.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, further including a voltage increase unit to monitor a rising voltage of the battery while the battery is in the constant current charging mode, wherein the mode modifier is to place the battery in a second constant voltage charging mode at an end of the charge cycle in response to the rising voltage reaching a second predetermined threshold.
21. The apparatus of any one of claims 19 or 20, further including a charge current adapter to adjust a charge current corresponding to the constant current charging mode based on a charge capacity of the battery.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the charge current adapter is to maintain a constant C-rate for the battery.
23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the charge current adapter includes:
a capacity initializer to determine an initial full-charge capacity of the battery prior to an initial charge cycle;
a current initializer to determine an initial charge current setting for the battery; and
a C-rate unit to determine the constant C-rate based on the initial full-charge capacity and the initial charge current setting.
24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the charge current adapter further includes a capacity monitor to determine a subsequent full-charge capacity of the battery after the initial charge cycle, wherein the charge current is to be adjusted based on the subsequent full-charge capacity and the constant C-rate.
25. The apparatus of any one of claims 19 to 24, wherein the charge cycle initiator is to place the battery in the first constant voltage charging mode in response to an initial burst charge causing a voltage of the battery to reach a level
corresponding to the first constant voltage charging mode.
PCT/US2015/035323 2014-06-26 2015-06-11 Adaptive step and charge current battery charging WO2015199995A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG11201609544XA SG11201609544XA (en) 2014-06-26 2015-06-11 Adaptive step and charge current battery charging
CN201580027798.1A CN106471701B (en) 2014-06-26 2015-06-11 Adaptive phase and charging current battery charging
JP2017510469A JP2017515453A (en) 2014-06-26 2015-06-11 Battery charging with adaptive steps and charging current
EP15811988.3A EP3161938A4 (en) 2014-06-26 2015-06-11 Adaptive step and charge current battery charging

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/316,331 US10291047B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2014-06-26 Adaptive step and charge current battery charging
US14/316,331 2014-06-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015199995A1 true WO2015199995A1 (en) 2015-12-30

Family

ID=54931541

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2015/035323 WO2015199995A1 (en) 2014-06-26 2015-06-11 Adaptive step and charge current battery charging

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10291047B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3161938A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2017515453A (en)
CN (1) CN106471701B (en)
SG (1) SG11201609544XA (en)
WO (1) WO2015199995A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107437831A (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-12-05 戴洛格半导体公司 Switching power converter for the charging of direct battery
CN111030252A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 深圳市飞狮电池有限公司 Energy-saving charging device for rechargeable battery and charging method thereof

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9929582B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2018-03-27 Intel Corporation Adaptive charge current for a battery
US9728995B2 (en) * 2015-04-08 2017-08-08 Intel Corporation Systems, methods and devices for adaptable battery charging
KR102285148B1 (en) * 2016-08-22 2021-08-04 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Battery charging method and battery charging apparatus using the same
EP3291354A1 (en) * 2016-08-30 2018-03-07 Lithium Energy and Power GmbH & Co. KG Charging strategy for preventing lithium plating in a lithium ion battery
KR102255489B1 (en) 2017-11-09 2021-06-03 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 System and method for evaluating performance of electrode
WO2020191583A1 (en) * 2019-03-25 2020-10-01 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Battery charging method, apparatus and device, and readable storage medium
EP3968486A4 (en) * 2019-05-06 2022-06-15 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Charging method and charging apparatus
CN113900028B (en) * 2021-10-09 2022-07-08 山东大学 Battery health state estimation method and system considering initial charge state and charge-discharge path
KR20240070995A (en) * 2022-11-15 2024-05-22 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 Apparatus and method for controling charge of battery, system including the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007040948A2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 International Components Corporation Rapid charge lithium ion battery charger
JP2009033825A (en) * 2007-07-25 2009-02-12 Sony Corp Charger
US20110037438A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Apple Inc. Modulated, temperature-based multi-cc-cv charging technique for li-ion/li-polymer batteries
US20120043929A1 (en) * 2010-08-23 2012-02-23 Rachid Yazami Smart Battery Charging System
US20120280663A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-08 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method for controlling charging current in device using rechargeable battery

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008252960A (en) 2007-03-29 2008-10-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Charging system, charging pack and its charging method
CN101071887A (en) 2007-05-20 2007-11-14 张家港市华为电子有限公司 Lead-acid battery charging method
JP2009033843A (en) 2007-07-26 2009-02-12 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd Apparatus and method for charging
CN101308943B (en) 2008-06-06 2010-06-02 恒正科技（苏州）有限公司 Lithium ionic cell formation processing method
US8754614B2 (en) 2009-07-17 2014-06-17 Tesla Motors, Inc. Fast charging of battery using adjustable voltage control
US20110037439A1 (en) 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Apple Inc. Increasing energy density in rechargeable lithium battery cells
KR101318488B1 (en) 2009-11-20 2013-10-16 파나소닉 주식회사 Charge control circuit, cell pack, and charging system
US9136725B2 (en) * 2011-10-04 2015-09-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus to charge battery of mobile device
US9081068B2 (en) * 2012-09-18 2015-07-14 Apple Inc. Method and apparatus for determining a capacity of a battery
KR101916969B1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2018-11-08 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Charging method of battery and battery pack thereof
US9866052B2 (en) * 2013-03-19 2018-01-09 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Secondary battery charging system and method, and battery pack
US20140320085A1 (en) * 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 Dynapack International Technology Corporation Charging device and control method thereof
US20160164324A1 (en) * 2013-06-03 2016-06-09 Mediatek Inc. Portable device capable of controlling output characteristics of adaptor, and corresponding method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007040948A2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 International Components Corporation Rapid charge lithium ion battery charger
JP2009033825A (en) * 2007-07-25 2009-02-12 Sony Corp Charger
US20110037438A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Apple Inc. Modulated, temperature-based multi-cc-cv charging technique for li-ion/li-polymer batteries
US20120043929A1 (en) * 2010-08-23 2012-02-23 Rachid Yazami Smart Battery Charging System
US20120280663A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-08 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method for controlling charging current in device using rechargeable battery

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3161938A4 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107437831A (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-12-05 戴洛格半导体公司 Switching power converter for the charging of direct battery
CN107437831B (en) * 2016-05-25 2022-10-11 戴洛格半导体公司 Switching power converter for direct battery charging
CN111030252A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 深圳市飞狮电池有限公司 Energy-saving charging device for rechargeable battery and charging method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20150380953A1 (en) 2015-12-31
CN106471701A (en) 2017-03-01
JP2017515453A (en) 2017-06-08
CN106471701B (en) 2020-03-24
EP3161938A1 (en) 2017-05-03
EP3161938A4 (en) 2018-02-21
SG11201609544XA (en) 2016-12-29
US10291047B2 (en) 2019-05-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10291047B2 (en) Adaptive step and charge current battery charging
US11095139B2 (en) Adaptive battery charging
EP2947748B1 (en) Battery charging method and battery management system therefor
JP6884966B2 (en) Battery management system and method for optimizing the internal resistance of the battery
US11929468B2 (en) Method and apparatus for charging battery
US10424958B2 (en) Charging method and apparatus for rechargeable battery
US9979220B2 (en) Electronic device and method for controlling charging of the same
US12087919B2 (en) Battery balancing apparatus and battery pack including the same
JP2015065795A (en) Power storage, power storage controller and power storage control method
JP6041040B2 (en) Storage battery, storage battery control method, control device, and control method
WO2018120769A1 (en) Method and device for obtaining capacity difference between batteries
US20200266647A1 (en) Battery safety mechanism for battery fault conditions
JP2020524875A (en) Method and battery management system for determining the power limit of a battery
JP2020524969A (en) Method of flattening battery power limit and battery management system
EP3500907B1 (en) Charging optimization
JP2022550185A (en) Battery management system, battery management method, battery pack and electric vehicle
US8929045B2 (en) Delay protection circuit and electronic device employing the same
CN113507154B (en) Charging method and device, charger and electronic equipment
WO2020228668A1 (en) Method and device for charging, equipment, and storage medium
CN109407005B (en) Dynamic and static correction method for residual electric quantity of energy storage battery
TW201947246A (en) Battery management apparatus and a charging method thereof
CN109861337B (en) Electronic device, charging method, and storage medium
US11209888B2 (en) History based peak power prediction
TWM495668U (en) Battery charging device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 15811988

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2017510469

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2015811988

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2015811988

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE