WO2015176687A1 - 一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统 - Google Patents

一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015176687A1
WO2015176687A1 PCT/CN2015/079593 CN2015079593W WO2015176687A1 WO 2015176687 A1 WO2015176687 A1 WO 2015176687A1 CN 2015079593 W CN2015079593 W CN 2015079593W WO 2015176687 A1 WO2015176687 A1 WO 2015176687A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch cabinet
reactor
test system
test
low voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2015/079593
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦世耀
王瑞明
孙勇
李少林
陈晨
张金平
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
CLP Puri Zhangbei Wind Power Research and Test Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
CLP Puri Zhangbei Wind Power Research and Test Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI, CLP Puri Zhangbei Wind Power Research and Test Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Priority to CA2949871A priority Critical patent/CA2949871A1/en
Priority to US15/313,460 priority patent/US20170146603A1/en
Publication of WO2015176687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015176687A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/83—Testing, e.g. methods, components or tools therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/28—Wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of new energy access and control technology, and particularly relates to an integrated high and low voltage ride through test system.
  • the faulty unit is cut off due to short-term high-voltage faults in the grid.
  • the unit that is off-grid due to high-voltage faults even exceeds the number of units that are disconnected during low-voltage faults.
  • the wind farm/wind turbine can still operate continuously without off-grid, which requires the wind turbine to have both Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability and High Voltage Ride Through (High Voltage Ride Through, HVRT) capabilities. For the detection of this capability, special high and low voltage crossing detection equipment is required.
  • the utility model with the application number 201220255118.5 discloses a high and low voltage ride-through test device for a mobile wind turbine, although a high and low voltage simulation scheme for the power grid is provided, and the voltage of the wind turbine generator terminal is reduced and increased by the tap change of the secondary winding of the transformer. High, but the phase angle and power quality of the voltage waveform are not changed during the voltage reduction and rise period by this method, which is quite different from the actual grid fault, and cannot simulate the phase angle and power of the fault voltage during the actual grid fault process.
  • the present invention provides an integrated high and low voltage ride through test system, which can realistically simulate voltage drop and rise characteristics in a power grid fault, and ensure voltage phase angle and power when low voltage and high voltage are generated.
  • the quality change is consistent with the real grid fault characteristics, enabling consistent low-voltage and high-voltage ride-through capability testing of wind turbines in a single test.
  • the test system adopts mobile vehicle container structure design, and all its components are integrated and installed in standard containers. It is not affected by climate and geographical environment. It can carry out all-weather on-site testing in any wind farm and has high environmental adaptability.
  • the invention provides an integrated high and low voltage ride through test system
  • the test system comprises a primary system and a secondary system
  • the secondary system controls the primary system to realize information interaction, and passes through the incoming line switch cabinet and the outgoing switch cabinet of the primary system. They are connected to the grid and the wind turbine respectively.
  • the primary system includes a switch cabinet unit, a reactor unit and a capacitor unit;
  • the switch cabinet unit includes an incoming switch cabinet, a bypass switch cabinet K1, a short circuit switch cabinet K2, a short circuit switch cabinet K3, and an outlet switch cabinet, the reactance
  • the unit comprises a current limiting reactor X1 and a short-circuit reactor X2, the capacitor unit comprising a reactive capacitor X3;
  • the incoming switchgear, the bypass switchgear K1 and the outgoing switchgear are connected in series via a busbar, the short-circuiting switchgear K2 and the short-circuit switchgear K3 are connected to the busbar between the bypass switchgear K1 and the outlet switchgear,
  • the current limiting reactor X1 is connected in parallel with the bypass switchgear K1, and the short-circuit reactor X2 and the reactive capacitor X3 are respectively It is connected in series with the short-circuit switchgear K2 and the short-circuit switchgear K3.
  • a single-phase isolating switch is disposed between the short-circuit reactor X2 and the short-circuit switch cabinet K2, between the reactive capacitor X3 and the short-circuit switch cabinet K3.
  • the incoming switchgear, the bypass switchgear K1, the short-circuit switchgear K2, the short-circuit switchgear K3 and the outlet switchgear are all mechanical switches or semiconductor switches.
  • the current limiting reactor X1 and the short-circuit reactor X2 adopt an oil-immersed air core reactor, an oil-immersed iron core reactor, a dry air core reactor, a dry iron core reactor, a clamp type dry air core reactor, and a wrapped type. Dry Any one of an air core reactor and a cement reactor;
  • the reactive capacitor X3 employs a reactive power generating device including a static var generator SVG, a thyristor switching capacitor bank TVC, or a mechanical switching capacitor bank MSC.
  • the incoming switchgear, the bypass switchgear K1, the short-circuit switchgear K2, the short-circuit switchgear K3, the outlet switchgear, the current limiting reactor X1, the short-circuit reactor X2 and the reactive capacitor X3 are all located in the same container, achieving high
  • the function and structure of the low-voltage ride-through test system are integrated.
  • the secondary system includes a control system, a measurement system, and a safety protection system.
  • the control system collects and verifies the position status signals of each switch of each switch cabinet of the test system, and performs logic judgment by the central processor to confirm the running state of the test system;
  • control system sends remote control signals to each switch cabinet according to the operation sequence logic of each open cabinet, automatically controls the switch cabinet to switch the reactor and capacitor, and automatically complete the low voltage ride through and high voltage ride through test;
  • the control system is configured with a remote monitoring system to remotely monitor the test system to ensure the safety of the test personnel.
  • the measuring system includes a voltage transformer and a current transformer, and the voltage transformer is respectively installed on the incoming switch cabinet and the outlet switch cabinet, and is used for measuring a grid voltage of a test system access point and a test point voltage;
  • the current transformer is installed on the switch cabinet, the short-circuit switch cabinet K2, the short-circuit switch cabinet K3 and the outlet switch cabinet, respectively, for measuring the current of each point of the test system incoming line, test point and short-circuit point.
  • the safety protection system includes a relay protection device, an infrared temperature measurement system, a signal light column and a threshold switch;
  • the relay protection device is respectively installed on the incoming switch cabinet and the outgoing switch cabinet. When the test system has abnormal voltage, current or frequency fault, the relay protection device exits the test system, isolates the fault point, and ensures the grid operation. Safety;
  • An infrared temperature measuring system is respectively installed on the current limiting reactor X1, the short-circuiting reactor X2 and the reactive capacitor X3, and the operating temperature of the current limiting reactor X1, the short-circuiting reactor X2 and the reactive capacitor X3 is monitored in real time to prevent an over-temperature fault;
  • a signal light column is installed at the entrance of the container to display the running status of the test system in real time.
  • the threshold switch is installed. When the operator mistakenly opens the door, the threshold switch triggers the emergency trip system, immediately disconnects the incoming switch cabinet and the outgoing switch cabinet, and the test system is taken from the grid. Cut in and ensure the safety of the test system and personnel.
  • the present invention is based on the combination of impedance short-circuit buck and capacitive reactive injection boosting principle for the first time to realize a high-voltage and low-voltage integrated output design, and the test system can continuously complete low-voltage traversal in one test. High voltage ride-through test, complete test function and high test efficiency;
  • Adopting mobile vehicle container structure design all its components are integrated and installed in standard containers, which are not affected by climate and geographical environment. It can carry out all-weather on-site testing in any wind farm and has high environmental adaptability.
  • 1 is a schematic structural view of an integrated high and low voltage ride through test system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase system of an integrated high and low voltage ride through test system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a timing chart of a switching operation of a test system in a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a dry type air core reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a topological structural view of a branch of a reactive capacitor X3 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system of an integrated high and low voltage ride through test system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a layout diagram of a container installation in an integrated high and low voltage ride through test system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the effective value of the AB phase line voltage of the test data in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides an integrated high and low voltage traversing test system, which can generate a coherent grid fault low voltage and high voltage in one experiment, and can truly simulate a grid voltage drop when the grid is short-circuit fault, and the grid after fault clearing The voltage rises back to the normal whole process, and can truly simulate the phase of the voltage waveform and the change of power quality during the fault, and truly reflect the grid voltage fault. Sex.
  • the test system can be used to perform continuous low voltage ride through and high voltage ride through tests on wind turbines in the field to detect low voltage ride through and high voltage ride through capability.
  • the on-site test conducted by the test system affects the access to the power grid within the scope of relevant national standards and meets the requirements for safe operation of the power grid.
  • the test system of the invention adopts a mobile vehicle container structure design, and all the components thereof are integrated and installed in a standard container, realize modular connection design, convenient transportation, high test flexibility; and are not affected by climate and geographical environment, Conducting all-weather on-site testing at any wind farm with high environmental adaptability.
  • the test system realizes low voltage ride through and high voltage ride through integration design, high system integration, high reliability and highest economic and technical indicators; this test system is suitable for on-site testing of various types of wind turbines, meeting high and low voltages in China, Europe and America.
  • the requirements for test equipment across the test standard are applicable.
  • the test system includes a primary system and a secondary system.
  • the secondary system controls the primary system to implement information interaction, and is connected to the power grid and the wind turbine through the incoming line switch cabinet and the outgoing switch cabinet of the primary system respectively.
  • the primary system includes a switch cabinet unit, a reactor unit and a capacitor unit;
  • the switch cabinet unit includes an incoming switch cabinet, a bypass switch cabinet K1, a short circuit switch cabinet K2, a short circuit switch cabinet K3, and an outlet switch cabinet, the reactance
  • the unit comprises a current limiting reactor X1 and a short-circuit reactor X2, the capacitor unit comprising a reactive capacitor X3;
  • the incoming switchgear, the bypass switchgear K1 and the outgoing switchgear are connected in series via a busbar, the short-circuiting switchgear K2 and the short-circuit switchgear K3 are connected to the busbar between the bypass switchgear K1 and the outlet switchgear,
  • the current limiting reactor X1 is connected in parallel with the bypass switchgear K1, and the short-circuit reactor X2 and the reactive capacitor X3 are respectively It is connected in series with the short-circuit switchgear K2 and the short-circuit switchgear K3.
  • the short-circuit reactor X2 is put into a system operation by closing the short-circuit switch cabinet K2, causing the grid to generate a controllable short-circuit via the short-circuit reactor X2; the current-limiting reactor X1 is put into the bypass switch cabinet K1 A system operation to limit the test short-circuit current and maintain a constant grid voltage at the system access point.
  • the voltage drop at the test point is caused by the voltage division between the short-circuit reactor X2 and the current limiting reactor X1, and the voltage drop depth thereof Among them, U n and X0 are the system rated voltage and system impedance of the test system access point, respectively.
  • the voltage drop depth of the test point can be changed, and the voltage drop depth adjustment range is 0-100% Un, and the adjustment step length can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the adjustment step of the inductive reactance value.
  • the voltage drop duration can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the closing duration of the short-circuit switch K2.
  • the test system high voltage generation scheme is based on the principle of capacitive reactive injection to increase the voltage.
  • the reactive capacitor X3 is put into the system operation by closing the short circuit switch cabinet K3, and the capacitance generated by the reactive capacitor X3 is generated.
  • the voltage rise of the test point can be changed, and the adjustment step length can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the adjustment step of the impedance value.
  • the duration of the voltage rise can be set arbitrarily by adjusting the closing duration of the short-circuit switchgear K3.
  • T1 is the input time of the inductive current limiting reactor
  • T2 is the input duration of the short circuit reactor X2, that is, the low voltage duration
  • T3 is the input duration of the reactive capacitor X3, that is, the high voltage duration.
  • the low voltage and high voltage duration can be arbitrarily set, and the time continuation or interval between the two can be set, but it is required to allow K2 in the K1 off state.
  • K3 is closed and K2 and K3 cannot be in the closed position at the same time.
  • a single-phase isolating switch is disposed between the short-circuit reactor X2 and the short-circuiting switch cabinet K2, between the reactive capacitor X3 and the short-circuiting switch cabinet K3, and the corresponding phase reactor or capacitor and the switch cabinet are realized by the combination of the isolating switches. The connection between the two ultimately results in separate retraction control for each phase reactor or capacitor.
  • the incoming switchgear, the bypass switchgear K1, the short-circuit switchgear K2, the short-circuit switchgear K3 and the outlet switchgear are all mechanical switches (such as switchgear, circuit breakers, contactors, etc.) or semiconductor switches (such as thyristors, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, etc.).
  • the switch is required to have short operating time and strong breaking ability.
  • the selection of the switch model shall be based on the test system voltage level (medium voltage 66KV or 35KV, low voltage 690V) and test capacity (0.5MW/1.5MW/3MW/6MW).
  • the switch can select the SF6 gas insulated GIS switchgear with rated current of 1250A. All the high-voltage live parts of the cabinet are enclosed in the SF6 insulated air box to ensure that high-voltage discharge does not occur, which fully guarantees the electrical safety of the test system and test personnel, and the volume is only 1/4 of the air-insulated switchgear. Maximum savings in installation space within the container.
  • the current limiting reactor X1 and the short-circuit reactor X2 adopt an oil-immersed air core reactor, an oil-immersed iron core reactor, a dry air core reactor, a dry iron core reactor, a clamp type dry air core reactor, and a wrapped type. Any of dry-type air core reactors and cement reactors; to increase the amplitude of the test system voltage drop or rise
  • the gear position can be configured with multiple reactors with different inductances or a single multi-tap (multi-inductance) reactor.
  • the inductive anti-fine adjustment function can be added in the reactor to improve the test voltage accuracy of the test system.
  • the selection of the inductive reactance of the reactor shall be determined according to the voltage level of the test system and the test capacity.
  • the current limiting reactor X1 and the short-circuit reactor X2 select the dry-type air core reactor with multi-tap.
  • the outline structure is shown in Figure 4.
  • the reactor parameters are shown in Table 1.
  • the reactive capacitor X3 employs a reactive power generating device including a static var generator SVG, a thyristor switching capacitor bank TVC, or a mechanical switching capacitor bank MSC.
  • a reactive power generating device including a static var generator SVG, a thyristor switching capacitor bank TVC, or a mechanical switching capacitor bank MSC.
  • SVG static var generator
  • TVC thyristor switching capacitor bank
  • MSC mechanical switching capacitor bank
  • the basic topology of the reactive capacitor X3 branch is shown in Figure 5. Each branch consists of three major components: damping resistor, current limiting reactance and reactive capacitor.
  • Capacitor C is the main functional component. Its main function is to provide the system with the main function.
  • the short-circuit reactor X2 selects a parallel power capacitor bank with three sets of capacitor output taps. The output parameters are shown in Table 2 below:
  • Capacitor group Capacitance value ( ⁇ F) 50Hz equivalent capacitive reactance #1 13 245 #2 11 289 #3 9 354
  • the input value of the reactor X2 can obtain voltage drop waveforms of different depths; by matching the input values of the current limiting reactor X1 and the reactive capacitor X3, voltage rise waveforms of different amplitudes can be obtained.
  • the test system specific parameter matching and its test point voltage amplitude ratio are shown in Table 3;
  • the secondary system includes a control system, a measurement system, and a safety protection system.
  • the control system collects and verifies the position status signals of each switch of each switch cabinet of the test system, and performs logic judgment by the central processor to confirm the running state of the test system;
  • control system sends remote control signals to each switch cabinet according to the operation sequence logic of each open cabinet, automatically controls the switch cabinet to switch the reactor and capacitor, and automatically complete the low voltage ride through and high voltage ride through test;
  • the control system is configured with a remote monitoring system to remotely monitor the test system to ensure the safety of the test personnel.
  • the measuring system includes a voltage transformer and a current transformer, and the voltage transformer is respectively installed on the incoming switch cabinet and the outlet switch cabinet, and is used for measuring the grid voltage and the test point voltage of the test system access point;
  • the current transformer is installed on the incoming line switch cabinet, the short circuit switch cabinet K2, the short circuit switch cabinet K3 and the outlet switch cabinet, respectively, for measuring the current of each point of the test system incoming line, test point and short circuit point.
  • the safety protection system includes a relay protection device, an infrared temperature measurement system, a signal light column and a threshold switch;
  • the relay protection device is respectively installed on the incoming switch cabinet and the outgoing switch cabinet. When the test system has abnormal voltage, current or frequency fault, the relay protection device exits the test system, isolates the fault point, and ensures the grid operation. Safety;
  • An infrared temperature measuring system is respectively installed on the current limiting reactor X1, the short-circuiting reactor X2 and the reactive capacitor X3, and the operating temperature of the current limiting reactor X1, the short-circuiting reactor X2 and the reactive capacitor X3 is monitored in real time to prevent an over-temperature fault;
  • a signal light column is installed at the entrance of the container to display the running status of the test system in real time.
  • the threshold switch is installed. When the operator mistakenly opens the door, the threshold switch triggers the emergency trip system, immediately disconnects the incoming switch cabinet and the outgoing switch cabinet, and the test system is taken from the grid. Cut in and ensure the safety of the test system and personnel.
  • the 35kV/3MW integrated high and low voltage ride through test system is used to test the wind turbine in the field.
  • the test system is connected in series between the power grid and the wind turbine to be tested through the test cable.
  • the test wiring diagram is shown in Figure 8.
  • the low-voltage drop depth is set to 10% Un
  • the high-voltage lift-off is set to 130% Un.
  • the test curve is shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, wherein FIG. 8 is a real-time waveform of the AB phase line voltage of the test system voltage test point, and FIG. 9 is a corresponding value of the corresponding AB phase line voltage. It can be seen from the test curve that the test system can complete continuous low voltage ride through and high voltage ride through test in one test cycle, and the output precision fully meets the test standard requirements.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，所述测试系统包括一次系统和二次系统，所述二次系统控制一次系统实现信息交互，并通过一次系统的进线开关柜和出线开关柜分别与电网和风电机组连接。该一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，能够真实模拟电网故障中电压跌落及升高特性，确保产生低电压与高电压时，其电压相角及电能质量的变化与真实的电网故障特性一致，能够在一次试验过程中实现对风电机组开展连贯的低电压与高电压穿越能力检测。本测试系统采用移动式车载集装箱结构设计，其全部组成模块均集成安装于标准集装箱内,不受气候及地理环境影响，能够在任何风电场开展全天候现场测试，具备极高的环境适应性。

Description

一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统 技术领域
本发明属于新能源接入与控制技术领域，具体涉及一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统。
背景技术
近年来，我国风电产业发展迅速，风电的装机比例越来越高，大型风电场的并网发电也已成为风电发展的主流。由于并网型风电机组在其运行时依赖接入点电网电压保持机组自身电压、频率及相位稳定，电网电压稳定对风电机组的正常运行起到重要作用。当电网发生发生瞬时故障时，电压瞬时降低，当电网故障清除后，由于电网大量的无功补偿装置不能及时退出，导致电网电压恢复后极易出现电压升高的情况，即当电网发生故障后，风电机组的机端电网不但会出现低电压，而且会接连出现高电压。2012年以来的几起严重风电脱网事故，充分表明了电网电压故障对风电场/风电机组运行的严重影响。例如2012年我国华北地区某风电场电网发生三相短时短路故障，不具备低电压穿越能力的风电机组全部脱网停机，部分具备低电压穿越能力的风电机组成功“穿越”低电压故障不脱网连续运行，而在随后的电网电压恢复过程中，系统无功补偿装置未能及时调节或切除，造成局部电网无功过剩，电网发生了过电压短时故障，使得大量成功“穿越”低电压故障的机组因电网短时高电压故障而切除，因高电压故障导致脱网的机组甚至超过了低电压故障期间脱网的机组数量。要想保证电网发生瞬时故障时，风电场/风电机组仍然能够不脱网连续运行，就要求风电机组同时具备低电压穿越(Low Voltage Ride Through，LVRT)能力和高电压穿越(High Voltage Ride Through，HVRT)能力。对该项能力的检测，需要专门的高低电压穿越检测设备。申请号为201220255118.5的实用新型公开了一种移动式风电机组高低电压穿越测试装置，虽提供了一种电网高低电压模拟方案，通过变压器副边绕组抽头跳变实现风电机组机端电压的降低与升高，但通过该方法产生电压降低与升高期间，其电压波形的相角及电能质量均没有变化，与实际电网故障有较大差别，无法模拟实际电网故障过程中故障电压的相角与电能质量的明显变化情况，因而无法检测故障 电压的相角与电能质量明显变化的因素对被测风电机组高电压穿越及低电压穿越能力的影响，从而降低了测试的准确性，难以满足风电机组低电压与高电压穿越能力测试实际要求。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，能够真实模拟电网故障中电压跌落及升高特性，确保产生低电压与高电压时，其电压相角及电能质量的变化与真实的电网故障特性一致，能够在一次试验过程中实现对风电机组开展连贯的低电压与高电压穿越能力检测。本测试系统采用移动式车载集装箱结构设计，其全部组成模块均集成安装于标准集装箱内，不受气候及地理环境影响，能够在任何风电场开展全天候现场测试，具备极高的环境适应性。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：
本发明提供一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，所述测试系统包括一次系统和二次系统，所述二次系统控制一次系统实现信息交互，并通过一次系统的进线开关柜和出线开关柜分别与电网和风电机组连接。
所述一次系统包括开关柜单元、电抗器单元和电容器单元；所述开关柜单元包括进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜，所述电抗器单元包括限流电抗器X1和短路电抗器X2，所述电容器单元包括无功电容器X3；所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1和出线开关柜依次通过母线串联，所述短路开关柜K2和短路开关柜K3连接在旁路开关柜K1和出线开关柜之间的母线上，所述限流电抗器X1与旁路开关柜K1并联，所述短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3分别与短路开关柜K2和短路开关柜K3串联。
所述短路电抗器X2和短路开关柜K2之间、无功电容器X3和短路开关柜K3之间分别设有单相隔离开关。
所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜均采用机械式开关或半导体开关。
所述限流电抗器X1和短路电抗器X2均采用油浸空心电抗器、油浸铁心电抗器、干式空心电抗器、干式铁心电抗器、夹持式干式空心电抗器、绕包式干式 空心电抗器和水泥电抗器中的任意一种；
所述无功电容器X3采用无功发生装置，所述无功发生装置包括静止无功发生器SVG、晶闸管投切电容器组TVC或机械投切电容器组MSC。
所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3、出线开关柜、限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3均位于同一集装箱内，实现高低压穿越测试系统的功能及结构一体化。
所述二次系统包括控制系统、测量系统和安全防护系统。
所述控制系统采集并校验测试系统各个开关柜各个开关的位置状态信号，并通过中央处理器进行逻辑判断，确认测试系统所处运行状态；
进行高低电压穿越测试时，控制系统按照各个开光柜动作时序逻辑依次向各个开关柜发送遥控信号，自动控制开关柜动作投切电抗器及电容器，自动完成低电压穿越及高电压穿越测试；
所述控制系统配置远程监控系统，以此实现对测试系统的远程监控，保证测试人员安全。
所述测量系统包括电压互感器和电流互感器，所述进线开关柜和出线开关柜上分别安装所述电压互感器，用于测量测试系统接入点电网电压及测试点电压；所述进线开关柜、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜上分别安装所述电流互感器，用于测量测试系统进线、测试点及短路点各点电流。
所述安全防护系统包括继电保护装置、红外测温系统、信号灯柱和门限开关；
所述进线开关柜和出线开关柜上分别安装所述继电保护装置，当测试系统内部出非正常电压、电流或频率故障时，继电保护装置将测试系统退出，隔离故障点，保证电网运行安全；
限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3上分别安装红外测温系统，实时监测限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3的运行温度，防止出现超温故障；
集装箱入口处安装信号灯柱，实时显示测试系统运行状态，同时安装门限开关，当操作人员错误开门时，门限开关触发紧急跳闸系统，立即断开进线开关柜及出线开关柜，将测试系统从电网中切出，保证测试系统及人员安全。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明首次基于阻抗短路降压与容性无功注入升压原理结合方案，实现高电压与低电压一体化输出设计，并利用该测试系统能够在一次试验中连续完成低电压穿越与高电压穿越测试，测试功能完整，测试效率极高；
(2)基于阻抗短路降压原理与容性无功注入升压原理，能够最为真实地模拟电网故障中先后出现的电压跌落及升高特性，测试系统产生低电压与高电压时，其电压幅值、相角及电能质量的变化与真实的电网故障特性一致，保证了测试结果的准确性；
(3)采用移动式车载集装箱结构设计，其全部组成模块均集成安装于标准集装箱内，不受气候及地理环境影响，能够在任何风电场开展全天候现场测试，具备极高的环境适应性。
附图说明
图1是一体化高低电压穿越测试系统结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例中一体化高低电压穿越测试系统单相系统原理图；
图3是本发明实施例中测试系统测试过程开关动作时序图；
图4是本发明实施例中干式空心电抗器示意图；
图5是本发明实施例中无功电容器X3支路拓扑结构图；
图6是本发明实施例中一体化高低电压穿越测试系统的一次系统结构图；
图7是本发明实施例中一体化高低电压穿越测试系统集装箱内安装布局图；
图8是本发明实施例中测试数据AB相线电压实时波形图；
图9是本发明实施例中测试数据AB相线电压有效值曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本发明提供一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，该测试系统能够在一次实验过程中产生连贯衔接的电网故障低电压与高电压，能够真实模拟电网发生短路故障时电网电压降低、故障清除后电网电压升高再恢复至正常的整个过程，并能真实模拟该故障期间电压波形的相位及电能质量的变化，真实反映电网电压故障特 性。利用该测试系统可以在现场对风电机组进行连贯衔接的低电压穿越与高电压穿越测试，检测其低电压穿越与高电压穿越能力。利用该测试系统开展的现场测试，对接入电网的影响在相关国家标准规定范围内，满足电网安全运行要求。本发明所述测试系统采用移动式车载集装箱结构设计，其全部组成模块均集成安装于标准集装箱内，实现模块化连接设计，运输方便，测试灵活性高；且不受气候及地理环境影响，能够在任何风电场开展全天候现场测试，具备极高的环境适应性。本测试系统实现低电压穿越与高电压穿越一体化设计，系统集成度高，可靠性高，经济技术指标最高；本测试系统适用于各种类型风电机组的现场测试，满足中国以及欧美各国高低电压穿越测试标准对测试装置的要求,适用范围广。
如图1，所述测试系统包括一次系统和二次系统，所述二次系统控制一次系统实现信息交互，并通过一次系统的进线开关柜和出线开关柜分别与电网和风电机组连接。
所述一次系统包括开关柜单元、电抗器单元和电容器单元；所述开关柜单元包括进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜，所述电抗器单元包括限流电抗器X1和短路电抗器X2，所述电容器单元包括无功电容器X3；所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1和出线开关柜依次通过母线串联，所述短路开关柜K2和短路开关柜K3连接在旁路开关柜K1和出线开关柜之间的母线上，所述限流电抗器X1与旁路开关柜K1并联，所述短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3分别与短路开关柜K2和短路开关柜K3串联。
基于短路阻抗分压原理，通过闭合短路开关柜K2将短路电抗器X2投入一次系统运行，造成电网经由短路电抗器X2产生可控短路；通过断开旁路开关柜K1将限流电抗器X1投入一次系统运行，用以限制试验短路电流，维持一次系统接入点电网电压基本恒定。在该可控短路期间，通过短路电抗器X2与限流电抗器X1二者分压造成测试点电压跌落，其电压跌落深度
Figure PCTCN2015079593-appb-000001
其中，Un和X0分别为测试系统接入点的系统额定电压和系统阻抗。通过调节X1和X2的投入比例，可以改变测试点电压跌落深度，其电压跌落深度调节范围为0-100％Un，调节步长可依据感抗值的调节步长任意调节。电压跌落持续时间则可通过调节短路开关K2的闭合持续时间任意设置。
测试系统高电压发生方案基于容性无功注入提高电压的原理，在限流电抗器 X1投入运行期间，通过闭合短路开关柜K3将无功电容器X3投入一次系统运行，无功电容器X3产生的容性电流Ic由测试点流过限流电抗器X1流向系统接入点，从而在限流电抗器X1的两端产生电压差△U，由于测试系统接入点为系统电压基本保持不变，从而使得测试点电压Ut升高，数值上，Ut＝Un+△U。通过调节限流电抗器X1和无功电容器X3的投入阻抗值，可以改变测试点电压升高幅度，调节步长可依据阻抗值的调节步长任意调节。电压升高持续时间则可通过调节短路开关柜K3的闭合持续时间任意设置。整个测试系统在一次试验过程中产生连贯的低电压与高电压，其开关动作时序如图3所示。其中，T1为感抗限流电抗器投入时长；T2为短路电抗器X2投入时长，即低电压持续时长；T3为无功电容器X3投入时长，即高电压持续时长。通过开关柜K1、K2、K3的分合时序控制，可以任意设置低电压及高电压持续时长，并且可以设置二者发生的时间延续或间隔，但要求必须在K1断开状态时才允许K2、K3闭合，且K2和K3不能同时处于闭合位置。
所述短路电抗器X2和短路开关柜K2之间、无功电容器X3和短路开关柜K3之间分别设有单相隔离开关，通过隔离开关的合分实现对应相电抗器或电容器与开关柜之间的连接，最终实现对每相电抗器或电容器的单独投退控制。
所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜均采用机械式开关(如开关柜、断路器、接触器等)或半导体开关(如晶闸管、GTO、IGBT、IGCT等)。要求开关具备动作时间短、分断能力强等特性。开关型号的选取需依据测试系统电压等级(中压66KV或35KV、低压690V)及试验容量(0.5MW/1.5MW/3MW/6MW)核定。以35KV/3MW一体式高低电压穿越测试系统为例，综合考虑移动集装箱空间及功率因素，开关可选择额定电流1250A的SF6气体绝缘GIS开关柜。该柜型全部高压带电部分全部封闭在SF6绝缘气箱中，确保不会发生高压放电现象，充分保证了测试系统及测试人员的电气安全性，且体积仅为空气绝缘开关柜的1/4，最大程度的节省了集装箱内的安装空间。
所述限流电抗器X1和短路电抗器X2均采用油浸空心电抗器、油浸铁心电抗器、干式空心电抗器、干式铁心电抗器、夹持式干式空心电抗器、绕包式干式空心电抗器和水泥电抗器中的任意一种；为增加测试系统电压跌落或升高的幅值 档位，可配置多台不同感抗值的电抗器或单台多抽头(多感抗值)电抗器。同时可在电抗器中增加感抗微调功能，提高测试系统试验电压精度。电抗器感抗值的选取需依据测试系统电压等级及试验容量核定。以35KV/3MW一体式高低电压穿越测试系统为例，综合考虑移动集装箱空间限制及电抗器的阻抗线性特性等因素，限流电抗器X1和短路电抗器X2选择带多抽头的干式空心电抗器，外形结构如图4所示，电抗器参数如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2015079593-appb-000002
所述无功电容器X3采用无功发生装置，所述无功发生装置包括静止无功发生器SVG、晶闸管投切电容器组TVC或机械投切电容器组MSC。无功电容器X3支路的基本拓扑结构如图5所示，每条支路由阻尼电阻、限流电抗和无功电容器三大元件组成，其中电容器C作为主要功能组件，其主要作用是向系统提供一定量的容性无功电流，该电流流经感抗X1产生电压差，从而抬升测试点的电压；限流电抗器L的作用主要是限制电容器的短路电流和合闸涌流；阻尼电阻R的主要作用是防止系统电流振荡，减小电容器投切瞬间电流与电压的过渡过程。以35KV/3MW一体式高低电压穿越测试系统为例，短路电抗器X2选取具备三组电容器输出抽头的并联电力电容器组，其输出参数如下表2所示：
表2
电容器组别 电容值(μF) 50Hz等效容抗
#1 13 245
#2 11 289
#3 9 354
利用该一体式高低电压穿越测试系统进行连贯的低电压穿越与高电压穿越，通过匹配不同的限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3的投入阻抗值，可以得到不同幅度的低电压与高电压波形。在实际测试中，以35KV电网为例, 系统短路容量按400MVA考虑，其系统阻抗约为3Ω，利用上述参数的35KV/3MW一体式高低电压穿越测试系统对3MW风电机组进行低电压与高电压穿越测试，通过匹配限流电抗器X1和短路电抗器X2的投入值，可以得到不同深度的电压跌落波形；通过匹配限流电抗器X1和无功电容器X3的投入值，可以得到不同幅度的电压升高波形。测试系统具体参数匹配及其测试点电压幅度比例如表3所示；
表3
Figure PCTCN2015079593-appb-000003
如图7，所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3、出线开关柜、限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3均位于同一集装箱内，实现高低压穿越测试系统的功能及结构一体化。
所述二次系统包括控制系统、测量系统和安全防护系统。
所述控制系统采集并校验测试系统各个开关柜各个开关的位置状态信号，并通过中央处理器进行逻辑判断，确认测试系统所处运行状态；
进行高低电压穿越测试时，控制系统按照各个开光柜动作时序逻辑依次向各个开关柜发送遥控信号，自动控制开关柜动作投切电抗器及电容器，自动完成低电压穿越及高电压穿越测试；
所述控制系统配置远程监控系统，以此实现对测试系统的远程监控，保证测试人员安全。
所述测量系统包括电压互感器和电流互感器，所述进线开关柜和出线开关柜上分别安装所述电压互感器，用于测量测试系统接入点电网电压及测试点电压； 所述进线开关柜、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜上分别安装所述电流互感器，用于测量测试系统进线、测试点及短路点各点电流。
所述安全防护系统包括继电保护装置、红外测温系统、信号灯柱和门限开关；
所述进线开关柜和出线开关柜上分别安装所述继电保护装置，当测试系统内部出非正常电压、电流或频率故障时，继电保护装置将测试系统退出，隔离故障点，保证电网运行安全；
限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3上分别安装红外测温系统，实时监测限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3的运行温度，防止出现超温故障；
集装箱入口处安装信号灯柱，实时显示测试系统运行状态，同时安装门限开关，当操作人员错误开门时，门限开关触发紧急跳闸系统，立即断开进线开关柜及出线开关柜，将测试系统从电网中切出，保证测试系统及人员安全。
实施例
利用35kV/3MW型一体式高低电压穿越测试系统在对风电机组进行现场测试，测试系统通过试验电缆串联接入电网与被测风电机组之间，测试接线示意图如图8所示。
利用该测试系统开展现场测试，其输出性能及测试波形具体如下所示：
(1)利用测试系统进行三相对称的连续低电压与高电压测试，低电压跌落深度设定为10％Un，高电压抬升幅度设定为130％Un。测试曲线如附图8及附图9所示，其中，图8为测试系统电压测试点的AB相线电压实时波形，图9为对应AB相线电压有效值。通过该测试曲线可见，本测试系统能够在一次测试周期内完成连续的低电压穿越与高电压穿越试验，输出精度完全满足测试标准要求。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述测试系统包括一次系统和二次系统，所述二次系统控制一次系统实现信息交互，并通过一次系统的进线开关柜和出线开关柜分别与电网和风电机组连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述一次系统包括开关柜单元、电抗器单元和电容器单元；所述开关柜单元包括进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜，所述电抗器单元包括限流电抗器X1和短路电抗器X2，所述电容器单元包括无功电容器X3；所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1和出线开关柜依次通过母线串联，所述短路开关柜K2和短路开关柜K3连接在旁路开关柜K1和出线开关柜之间的母线上，所述限流电抗器X1与旁路开关柜K1并联，所述短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3分别与短路开关柜K2和短路开关柜K3串联。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述短路电抗器X2和短路开关柜K2之间、无功电容器X3和短路开关柜K3之间分别设有单相隔离开关。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜均采用机械式开关或半导体开关。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述限流电抗器X1和短路电抗器X2均采用油浸空心电抗器、油浸铁心电抗器、干式空心电抗器、干式铁心电抗器、夹持式干式空心电抗器、绕包式干式空心电抗器和水泥电抗器中的任意一种；
    所述无功电容器X3采用无功发生装置，所述无功发生装置包括静止无功发生器SVG、晶闸管投切电容器组TVC或机械投切电容器组MSC。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述进线开关柜、旁路开关柜K1、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3、出线开关柜、限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3均位于同一集装箱内，实现高低压穿越测试系统的功能及结构一体化。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于： 所述二次系统包括控制系统、测量系统和安全防护系统。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述控制系统采集并校验测试系统各个开关柜各个开关的位置状态信号，并通过中央处理器进行逻辑判断，确认测试系统所处运行状态；
    进行高低电压穿越测试时，控制系统按照各个开光柜动作时序逻辑依次向各个开关柜发送遥控信号，自动控制开关柜动作投切电抗器及电容器，自动完成低电压穿越及高电压穿越测试；
    所述控制系统配置远程监控系统，以此实现对测试系统的远程监控，保证测试人员安全。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述测量系统包括电压互感器和电流互感器，所述进线开关柜和出线开关柜上分别安装所述电压互感器，用于测量测试系统接入点电网电压及测试点电压；所述进线开关柜、短路开关柜K2、短路开关柜K3和出线开关柜上分别安装所述电流互感器，用于测量测试系统进线、测试点及短路点各点电流。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的一体化高低电压穿越测试系统，其特征在于：所述安全防护系统包括继电保护装置、红外测温系统、信号灯柱和门限开关；
    所述进线开关柜和出线开关柜上分别安装所述继电保护装置，当测试系统内部出非正常电压、电流或频率故障时，继电保护装置将测试系统退出，隔离故障点，保证电网运行安全；
    限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3上分别安装红外测温系统，实时监测限流电抗器X1、短路电抗器X2和无功电容器X3的运行温度，防止出现超温故障；
    集装箱入口处安装信号灯柱，实时显示测试系统运行状态，同时安装门限开关，当操作人员错误开门时，门限开关触发紧急跳闸系统，立即断开进线开关柜及出线开关柜，将测试系统从电网中切出，保证测试系统及人员安全。
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