WO2015165517A1 - Liaison à courant continu haute tension pour parc éolien - Google Patents

Liaison à courant continu haute tension pour parc éolien Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015165517A1
WO2015165517A1 PCT/EP2014/058808 EP2014058808W WO2015165517A1 WO 2015165517 A1 WO2015165517 A1 WO 2015165517A1 EP 2014058808 W EP2014058808 W EP 2014058808W WO 2015165517 A1 WO2015165517 A1 WO 2015165517A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
line
module
modules
power
common
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/058808
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English (en)
Inventor
Luis GALVÁN GARCÍA-PÉREZ
Juan Manuel CARRASCO SOLÍS
Eduardo GALVÁN DÍEZ
Danilo DE BARROS HERRERA
Original Assignee
Green Power Technologies, S. L
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Green Power Technologies, S. L filed Critical Green Power Technologies, S. L
Priority to PCT/EP2014/058808 priority Critical patent/WO2015165517A1/fr
Publication of WO2015165517A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015165517A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/12—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing kinetic energy, e.g. using flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus to rectify a current.
  • it relates to a system for rectifying electrical power from a non-rigid common AC line with a plurality of power supply systems connected thereto.
  • the offshore wind farms are currently an important resource of electrical power. It is preferred to transmit this power to land in the form of direct current, since this reduces the losses.
  • One of the currently most sophisticated techniques to achieve this goal is the, commercially called, "HVDC PLUS", which SIEMENS has described in their brochure “The Smart Way HVDC PLUS - One Step Ahead” in 201 1.
  • the method consists of connecting the offshore wind turbines to a common alternative line along with a modular multilevel converter (MMC).
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • This modular multilevel converter receives the power from the wind turbines and sends it to land through a high voltage direct current (HVDC) line, where another MMC injects it into land the AC grid.
  • HVDC high voltage direct current
  • the combination of the converters in parallel does not allow reducing the HVDC current while maintaining the transmitted power, since it would imply that both the controlled and the uncontrolled rectifier would support a higher voltage. In fact, both converters must always support the total voltage of the HVDC current.
  • the present invention uses a modular rectifier to convert AC power from a common AC line into DC power for a DC line and a frequency control system to regulate the AC line frequency.
  • the rectifier is formed by modules with an AC connection and a DC connection. These modules DC connections are connected in series to maximize the DC voltage the power is transmitted, thus reducing the losses in the transmission.
  • one or more of the modules are uncontrolled modules, which use no controlled semiconductors to convert AC power to DC power.
  • the proposed rectifier is intended to be used in a situation where one or more power supply systems (such as, for example, wind turbines or solar inverters) are also connected to the aforementioned common AC line. Batteries may also be connected to the common AC line through the appropriate DC/AC converters. No flywheels or electrical machines are connected to the common AC line. Consequently the common AC line is non-rigid, whose voltage and frequency are not externally regulated.
  • the power supply systems typically work in the so called "current source" configuration, that is, they will supply current to the common AC line but will not impose or directly control its voltage. This is usual in for wind turbines and solar inverters to prevent the conflict that would appear if more than one attempts to force the voltage or frequency of the common line.
  • this invention reduces the cost of transferring power from commercial wind generators and solar inverters to high voltage DC lines. It uses a rectifier with uncontrolled modules, does not need flywheels and does not modify internal control method of these power supply systems. This conjunction of characteristics is desirable, for example, in off-shore applications, where power is transmitted to land through a DC line. At least one of the power supply systems must be able to exchange reactive power under demand, but this feature already exists in the aforementioned types of power supply systems.
  • the modular rectifier comprises an AC connection through which it is connected to the common AC line, and a DC connection through which it is connected to a DC line.
  • Any number of power supply systems such as wind or solar generator systems, are also connected to the common AC line. In a normal operation situation, these power supply systems provide active power to the modular rectifier through the common AC line; this power is then transmitted through the DC line to a grid inverter, which injects it to an AC grid.
  • the amount of active power that each power supply system provides to the common AC line is selected internally, not depending on the AC line voltage or frequency. Usually, this amount of active power is chosen to maintain the energy level of an energy accumulator.
  • the power supply systems are capable of exchanging a controlled amount of reactive power with the common AC line.
  • the modular rectifier further comprises two or more modules.
  • Each of these modules comprises a DC connection and an AC connection and is capable to convert AC power from its AC connection into DC power to its DC connection.
  • At least one of the modules of the modular rectifier is an uncontrolled module, which does not comprise any controlled semiconductors. Having uncontrolled modules reduces the cost and weight of the modular rectifier.
  • the modular rectifier may (or may not) comprise other types of modules. In particular, it may comprise semicontrolled modules and/or controlled modules.
  • Semicontrolled modules comprise controlled semiconductors (such as thyristors) and the voltage of their DC connection may be controlled but they cannot work as inverters (ie. they cannot generate by themselves a sinusoidal voltage wave on their AC connection).
  • Controlled modules comprise controlled semiconductors (such as GTOs, IGBTs or MOSFETs) and are capable of both controlling the voltage of their DC connection and working as inverters (ie. generating an approximately sinusoidal voltage wave on their AC connection).
  • the AC connection of the modular rectifier is magnetically coupled to the AC connection of each module but the AC connections of the modules are galvanically isolated from each other.
  • the modules are arranged in series through their DC connection: each module is connected to the previous module through its positive DC terminal and to the next module through its negative terminal, with the exception of the first and last modules.
  • the positive terminal of the first module and the negative terminal of the last module are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the modular rectifier DC connection.
  • the total voltage of the modular rectifiers DC connection is the addition of all the modules output voltage.
  • the reason for all the modules to be arranged in series rather than in parallel is that transmitting power at the highest possible voltage reduces losses.
  • the modular rectifier comprises at least one controlled module, it may be divided into two module sets: a reversible module set and an irreversible module set.
  • the reversible module set comprises only some or all the controlled modules while the irreversible module set comprises the rest of the modules.
  • the modules are arranged so that modules of different sets are not mixed.
  • a third wire of the DC line may be connected to the node which the reversible module set and the irreversible module set share.
  • this third wire can be used to transfer active power from the DC line to the common AC line using the reversible module set. This allows any auxiliary devices (such as control devices) connected to the common AC line to receive active power even during the time periods when the power supply systems cannot supply active power.
  • the AC line frequency In order for the modular rectifier to transfer power properly from the common AC line to the DC line, the AC line frequency must be controlled.
  • the frequency of the common AC line is measured and provided as an input to a frequency control system.
  • This frequency control system provides reactive power references to one or more power supply systems. These reactive power references are calculated in dependence on the difference between the measured frequency and its reference.
  • the power supply systems do not need to receive any active power reference calculated in dependence on the any measure of the common AC line parameters. This is an advantage when using renewable power supply systems because normally the active power they provide depends on the environment. For example, commercial wind turbines send to or extract from the grid is selected depending on the wind so that the maximum possible power is obtained from the wind without damaging the wind turbine.
  • the modular rectifier may receive a reactive power reference to contribute to the frequency control just like the supply systems. Doing so may allow the power supply systems to send more power to the common AC line because they would be exchanging current.
  • the aforesaid frequency control system may comprise a group of regulators which receive the common AC line frequency and its reference. Each of these regulators returns the reactive power reference to a different power supply system or to the modular rectifier. In this case, the frequency control system may be distributed, with each regulator being located near the associated power supply system (or near the modular rectifier).
  • the frequency control system comprises an external controller which receives the common AC line frequency and its reference and calculates the total reactive power value which is necessary to exchange with the common AC line. Afterwards, the external controller distributes this total reactive power value among the power supply systems and the modular rectifier to obtain their respective reactive power references.
  • the frequency control system may also receive other values as input. In particular, it may receive a measure or an estimation of the active power that the power supply systems are exchanging with the common AC line and use this data for a feed forward term.
  • the common AC line voltage can also be controlled during normal operation. To do so, a measure of this voltage and a reference for it are provided as input to a voltage regulator.
  • This voltage regulator returns as its output one or more voltage references for the controlled or semicontrolled modules DC output voltage.
  • the voltage regulator may return one or more active power references to the controlled or semicontrolled modules for them to transmit between their AC connection and their DC connection.
  • the controlled and/or semicontrolled modules are then controlled to reach their corresponding voltage or active power references.
  • controlling the voltage relation between the common AC line and the DC line is equivalent.
  • the measured voltage relation and a reference can be provided to the regulator instead of the common AC line voltage and its reference.
  • this way to regulate the common AC line voltage still allows the use uncontrolled modules in series and is compatible with commercial power supply systems, as they are not commanded to supply any particular amount of active power.
  • the choice of semicontrolled modules instead of controlled ones may allow reducing the amount of modules the converter comprises as semicontrolled modules can comprise thyristors, which typically support more power than controlled modules comprising IGBTs.
  • the modular rectifier comprises only uncontrolled modules, then the voltage relation between the common AC line and the DC line is fixed, and the common AC line voltage will be controlled indirectly by controlling the voltage of the DC line from its other end.
  • the starting up method would comprise the following steps:
  • one or more controlled modules of the modular rectifier are energized obtaining energy from the DC line or from other modules.
  • one or more controlled modules modulate AC voltage on their AC connection.
  • the modular rectifier When the modular rectifier is divided into a reversible module set and an irreversible module set and connected to the DC line through 3 wires, it is possible to transfer power backwards from the DC line into the common AC line while the power supply systems are not capable of supplying power. This permits, for example to provide the necessary power to the control system of a group of wind turbines while there is no wind. Once the power supply systems become capable of providing power, the flux of the power is reversed again. In such cases, the way to start the system up is the following:
  • the modules of the reversible module set are energized obtaining power from the DC line.
  • the current circulating through the wires connected to the reversible module set is used to charge the energy accumulators of the modules.
  • the reversible module set produces an AC voltage on the common AC line and provides power to it.
  • Figure 1 shows a scheme of the modular rectifier and the connexions to the power supply systems and to the DC line.
  • Figure 2 shows an FSC wind turbine as power supply system.
  • Figure 3 shows a possible topology for the modular rectifier.
  • Figure 4 shows another possible topology for the modular rectifier.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of an uncontrolled module.
  • Figure 6 shows an example of a semicontrolled module.
  • Figure 7 shows an example of a controlled module.
  • Figure 8 shows how a modular rectifier with a 3-wire topology can be connected to the grid inverter.
  • Figure 9 shows the individual control scheme for the wind turbine shown in figure 2 for a distributed frequency control approach.
  • Figure 10 shows the centralized general control scheme which maintains the voltage and frequency of the common AC-line.
  • FIG. 1 shows the general electrical scheme.
  • the modular rectifier (1 ) is connected to the common AC line (3) and to the DC line (4).
  • Several power supply systems (2) are connected to the common AC line (3).
  • the DC line (4) connects the modular rectifier (1 ) to a grid inverter (5), which is connected to an AC grid (6).
  • both the AC grid (6) and the common AC line (3) are triphasic.
  • FIG. 2 One of the power supply systems (2), which for this example are FSC (Full-Scale Converter) wind turbines, is shown in more detail in figure 2.
  • This wind turbine consists of an electrical machine (the generator), connected to a full converter.
  • This full converter comprises an internal rectifier (17), a DC-Link (18) and an internal inverter (19).
  • the DC-Link (18) is an energy accumulator which stores energy in the form of DC voltage. Since it is a commercial FSC wind turbine, it has its own way to control how much active power it transfers from the wind to the common AC line (3). However, it is capable to exchange a reactive power with the common AC line according to an external reference.
  • FIG. 3 shows a possible topology for the modular rectifier (1 ). It comprises 4 uncontrolled modules (7uc) and 2 controlled modules (7c). It would have been possible for it to comprise only the uncontrolled modules (7uc) or to comprise semicontrolled modules (7sc) instead of the controlled modules.
  • Each module comprises an AC connection (1 1 ) and a DC connection (9 and 10).
  • the AC connection of all the modules is magnetically coupled to the common AC grid (3) with the help of transformers (8).
  • the transformers use different configurations for the connections (Y, ⁇ and zigzag) to provide different phase shift to the modules.
  • the uncontrolled modules have been shifted different phase angles so that they will work as a multi- pulse rectifier (in this case, a 24-pulse rectifier).
  • the modules have been arranged in series using their DC connection: the second module positive DC terminal (9) is connected to the first module negative DC terminal (10), the third module's positive DC terminal (9) is connected to the second module DC terminal (10) and so on.
  • the first module positive DC terminal (9) and the last module negative DC terminal (10) are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminal of the modular rectifier DC connection.
  • FIG 4 shows another possible embodiment of the modular rectifier (1 ).
  • the AC connections of the modules (1 1 ) have been coupled with the modular rectifier AC connection using a multiple winding transformer (8). They have been phase shifted nevertheless.
  • this embodiment includes one controlled module capable of working both as a rectifier and as an inverter, this controlled module has been arranged to be the first module to constitute the reversible module set (1 a), while all the other modules constitute the irreversible module set (1 b).
  • the modules could also have been arranged so that the controlled module had been the last module.
  • a third wire is connected to the node that both module sets share, which in the figure is between the first and the second module.
  • both wires connected to the reversible module set are designed to support the same current.
  • the other wire, which is connected to the irreversible module set may be designed to support the same current as the other two, the double of that current or any intermediate value. If the three wires are designed for the same current, during normal operation current will flow through the positive and the negative wire, while the third wire will only be used when transferring power backwards from the DC line to the common AC line. On the other hand, if the wires connected to the reversible module set support half of the current that the remaining wire supports, the current flowing through this last wire will be distributed equally among the other two during normal operation.
  • the DC voltage of the reversible module set (the voltage between the positive wire and the middle wire) is small when compared with the DC voltage of the irreversible module set (the voltage between the middle and the negative wires). This is achieved by having only a few modules in the reversible module set (1 a).
  • Figure 5 shows an uncontrolled module, which comprises no controlled semiconductors, only diodes (12). Several diodes are arranged in series to increase the maximum voltage the module can support. Various capacitors (15) have been added between the positive and the negative DC terminals of the module (9 and 10).
  • Figure 6 shows a similar topology for a semicontrolled module, which uses thyristors (13) in combination with diodes (12). Some inductances (16) have been added as a filter. Since the thyristors are controlled, it is possible to regulate the DC voltage the module provides on its DC connection.
  • FIG. 7 shows a controlled module which uses transistors (14) in addition to the diodes. These transistors can be, for example IGBTs or MOSFETs. Depending on the way the transistors are switched, the DC voltage of the module can be controlled. In addition, this type of module allows exchanging reactive power with the common AC line (3) while maintaining its DC voltage regulated.
  • An MMC topology is also a possible controlled module, although it would probably comprise only a few submodules to prevent the total weight of the modular rectifier (1 ) from being too high. All these topologies are already known as so are their control schemes, so no more details are needed.
  • the DC line (4) comprises a third wire in addition to the typical positive and negative wires.
  • Figure 8 shows how the modular rectifier can be connected to the grid inverter (5) through a 3-wire DC line.
  • the voltage of the reversible module set (1 a) is small when compared with that of the irreversible module set (1 b), distributing the current of the negative DC wire among the positive and the intermediate wire will not imply great losses, so the positive and intermediate wires will be designed each for half of the negative wire current.
  • the power supply systems (2) comprise L, LC or LCL filters.
  • Some or all the modules of the modular rectifier may also comprise filters, such as the inductances (16) shown in figures 6 and 7.
  • these filters increase the electrical inertia to the line, allowing the reactive power to have an impact on the line frequency.
  • the common AC line frequency is periodically measured and this measure is provided to a frequency control system (20) along with a reference for it.
  • This frequency control system provides a reactive power reference for each power supply system (2) and, if the modular rectifier (1 ) comprises controlled modules (7c), another reactive power reference for the modular rectifier. By exchanging this reactive power with the common AC line (3), its frequency will increase or decrease.
  • the frequency control system (20) will provide the necessary power references so that this frequency tends to a reference (such as 50Hz or 60Hz).
  • the frequency control system may be distributed or centralized.
  • FIG. 9 A possible embodiment for a distributed frequency control system (20) is shown in figure 9.
  • the figure shows an FSC wind turbine scheme and its control during normal operation.
  • the frequency of the common AC line (3) is measured and subtracted from a frequency reference.
  • the result is sent to a proportional regulator (23), which is the part of the frequency control system (20) that corresponds to the shown wind turbine.
  • the regulator returns a reactive power reference, which is provided to the internal inverter, which is controlled to follow that reactive power reference.
  • the proportional regulators may receive a measure or an estimation of the active power that the corresponding wind turbine is exchanging with the common AC line and such information may be used when calculating the reactive power reference. In particular, a fraction of this active power may be added to the reactive power reference.
  • Both the internal rectifier and inverter also receive active power reference, but these active power references are obtained according to the turbine internal control (22).
  • the figure 9 shows a typical scheme where the internal rectifier (17) is intended to control the turbine torque and the internal inverter (19) maintains the voltage of the DC-Link (18).
  • the frequency control system (20) is simply one external controller.
  • the frequency measure and its reference are provided to the external controller, which in return obtains a total reactive power value, representing the reactive power to be exchanged between the power supply systems (2) and the common AC line (3).
  • This total reactive power value can be obtained, for example, with a regulator with integral control action, such as a proportional-integral regulator (PI).
  • PI proportional-integral regulator
  • the external controller could receive a measure or an estimation of the active power that each power supply system (2) exchanges with the common AC line and use such information when calculating the total reactive power value. For example, a fraction of that power could be added to the PI regulator output when calculating the total reactive power value.
  • the active power information can also be used when distributing the total reactive power value among the power supply systems and the modular rectifier. For example, each of the power supply systems may receive a reactive power reference which is proportional to the active power it is providing to the grid.
  • Figure 10 also shows the way the common AC line voltage is controlled during normal operation.
  • a voltage controller (21 ) which can be a PI regulator, receives the common AC line voltage and a reference for it, and returns either the AC-to-DC voltage relation to the controlled and semicontrolled modules (V C M ret) or the power they must transfer to the DC line (P C M ret)- Since the common AC line voltage tends to follow the DC line voltage, the DC line voltage value can also be provided to the voltage converter (21 ) so that it can react faster to its changes. This can be done by adding a feed forward term to the output of the PI regulator. The feed forward term depends on the DC voltage.
  • the frequency control system (20) and the voltage controller (21 ) only work during the normal operation mode.
  • the common AC line (3) must be started up.
  • a power supply system (2) which is capable to behave as a voltage source.
  • a diesel generator connected to a full converter would be capable to start the line.
  • Other possible power supply systems are batteries connected to inverters or modified (non-commercial) wind turbines. Any one of these power supply systems will produce an AC voltage on the common AC line. This AC voltage will also energize the DC-link (18) of most other FSC wind turbines and, eventually transfer enough power to the DC line through modular rectifier (1 ). Once this occurs, the currently active power supply system (2) will be switched to work as in normal operation, as so will the modular rectifier (1 ).
  • the aforementioned power supply system (2) is a diesel generator or any other synchronous machine- based supply system, it will be disconnected once the common AC line is started so that normal operation can begin with no flywheels or synchronous machines connected to the common AC line. Afterwards, the remaining power supply systems will start working directly in the normal operation mode. They will not start to work all at once, but instead, they will take turns to start to avoid instability on the common AC line (3).
  • the modular rectifier (1 ) comprises controlled modules (7c), as shown in figure 3, an alternative method can be used.
  • the controlled modules will receive energy from the DC line (4). After their capacitors energy is high enough, they will be used to modulate AC voltage on the common AC-line (3). Once the situation is stable, one power supply system will start working directly in normal operation mode and the modular rectifier will switch to said mode. The power supplied by the power supply system must be enough to compensate for its DC-Link (18) charging, as the modular rectifier (1 ) will not be able to transfer net power to it. Afterwards, the remaining power supply systems will consecutively start working in normal operation mode.
  • the modular rectifier is divided into a reversible module set (1 a) and an irreversible module set (1 b), as shown in figure 4, it is possible to send active power from the DC- line (4) to the common AC line (3).
  • the modules of the reversible module set (1 a) will receive energy from the DC line (4) and modulate AC voltage on the common AC-line (3).
  • the reversible module set (1 a) will be able to transfer enough power to the common AC line for the power supply systems DC-Links (18) to energize.
  • Auxiliary apparatus such as the wind turbines control devices or the nacelles motors may also be fed with the power provided by the reversible module set.
  • a power supply system When a power supply system is ready, it will start to work in normal operation mode and the modular rectifier will be switched to work in said mode. Afterwards, any other power supply system may start working in normal operation mode, providing not too many of them start at the same time. It must be noted that the power supply systems will work in normal operation mode regardless of the power flow direction, that is, even if the power is flowing from the DC line to the AC line.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de redressement de courant électrique dans lequel de l'énergie électrique est transférée de plusieurs systèmes d'alimentation électrique (2), en particulier de centrales éoliennes, à un redresseur modulaire (1) par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne à courant alternatif commune (3). Cette ligne à courant alternatif commune n'est pas directement couplée à un volant d'inertie, ni à une machine synchrone. L'invention concerne également le redresseur modulaire. Ce redresseur modulaire comprend un ou plusieurs modules non commandés (tels que des redresseurs à diodes). Selon l'invention, les systèmes d'alimentation électrique (2) reçoivent une référence de puissance réactive d'un régulateur pour maintenir la fréquence de la ligne à courant alternatif commune (3). Cependant, les systèmes d'alimentation électrique utilisent leur propre algorithme pour sélectionner leur référence de puissance active.
PCT/EP2014/058808 2014-04-30 2014-04-30 Liaison à courant continu haute tension pour parc éolien WO2015165517A1 (fr)

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CN110266034A (zh) * 2019-06-03 2019-09-20 深圳市禾望电气股份有限公司 一种海上风电直流输电系统

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