WO2015140620A1 - The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst - Google Patents

The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015140620A1
WO2015140620A1 PCT/IB2015/000341 IB2015000341W WO2015140620A1 WO 2015140620 A1 WO2015140620 A1 WO 2015140620A1 IB 2015000341 W IB2015000341 W IB 2015000341W WO 2015140620 A1 WO2015140620 A1 WO 2015140620A1
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catalyst
oscillation
particles
conducting
magnetic field
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PCT/IB2015/000341
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French (fr)
Inventor
Wojciech LIPIEC
Edward Orlowski
Marek MALINOWSKI
Jacek CHMIELOWIEC
Grzegorz Pasciak
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Instytut Elektrotechniki
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Priority to CN201580014848.2A priority Critical patent/CN106102893B/en
Priority to US15/126,970 priority patent/US10058848B2/en
Priority to EP15719508.2A priority patent/EP3119516A1/en
Publication of WO2015140620A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015140620A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/745—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/16—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with particles being subjected to vibrations or pulsations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/025—Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/026—Preparation of ammonia from inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0411—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
    • C08B31/18—Oxidised starch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/068—Ammonia synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/12—Separation of ammonia from gases and vapours
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for conducting a reaction involving the powder catalyst, in particular ferromagnetic catalyst.
  • Catalysis is a phenomenon to accelerate the chemical reaction due to the addition of a small amount of catalyst, which itself is not subjected to permanent transformation, but only forms transient compounds or complexes with other reactants.
  • Function of the catalyst is to change the path of the kinetic reaction by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction and to create other transient complexes, relative to the reaction conducted in a non-catalytic way.
  • both the reaction leading to the product as well as in the whose opposite direction, leading to restoring the reactants is accelerated.
  • the ratio of the product amount to the number of reactants that have not been reacted at the end of the process is the same as that without a catalyst, but the process takes less time.
  • Catalysis is important for many industrial processes, such as production of ammonia, hydrogen, sulphuric acid, plastics and oil refining (cracking, hydrocracking, reforming, etc.). Catalysis, which is the effect of organic catalysts (enzymes), is the basis of life processes on Earth.
  • Process temperature, pressure, chemical composition and form of the catalyst has the influence on the course and direction of catalytic reactions.
  • Miniature reactor used to produce a chemical mixture using the powder catalyst made of particles with magnetic properties which provide greater contact with the chemical mixture is known from German Patent specification No. DEI 0159129. After the reaction, the powder catalyst can be extracted by the magnetic field for further use.
  • the reactor comprises one inlet of the two supply lines connected to the pipes in the flow direction, and a second inlet of the catalytic material, which at the outlet has the shape of a cone, and large space with an arm embedded in the coil is formed between the inlets.
  • the catalytic material is made in the form of a powder and has the properties of paramagnetic or ferromagnetic material. Moreover, each of the supply lines is provided with at least one pump.
  • a method for preparing a chemical mixture in a solvent using a catalyst material consists in that the catalyst has a form of a powder with a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic properties, which after the reaction is removed from the chemical mixture using a magnetic field, and used again.
  • the subject matter of the invention lies in the fact that during the reaction, catalyst particles comprising ferromagnetic material are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field. Oscillating magnetic field is a field whose induction vector changes its direction in time.
  • powder catalyst comprising particles having a nanometric, micrometric, or macrometric size, is put into oscillation.
  • powder catalyst whose particles are made of at least one material, wherein at least one material is ferromagnetic, is put into oscillation.
  • ferromagnetic particles covered with the catalyst material are put into oscillation.
  • particles in the form of layered nanowires in which at least one layer has ferromagnetic properties are put into oscillation.
  • particles of the powder catalyst are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency greater than 0.1 Hz and a magnetic induction greater than 0.01 mT.
  • the method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst is based on that the reactants are introduced into the reaction chamber and the chemical reaction is conducted in the presence of a powder catalyst, wherein the catalyst particles of nanometric size, comprising ferromagnetic material, are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency of 0.1 Hz and induction of 0.01 mT.
  • Oscillating magnetic field here is a field the induction vector of which changes its direction in time.
  • the method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst takes place as in the first example, except that catalyst powder comprising particles of having a micrometric size is put into oscillation, the particles are made of two materials, wherein one material is ferromagnetic, and the second one, applied on its surface, has catalytic properties.
  • the method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst takes place as in the first example, except that catalyst powder comprising particles having a macrometric size is put into oscillation.
  • the method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst takes place as in the first example, except that catalyst powder, whose particles form layered nanowires, wherein one of the layers is ferromagnetic, is put into oscillation.
  • the method of conducting a chemical reaction, involving the catalyst, comprising ammonia synthesis is as follows: reactants, such as reaction gas of the stoichiometric composition of: 75% hydrogen and 25% nitrogen, molar percent, are introduced into the reaction chamber. The temperature of 400 °C and pressure of 10 MPa is maintained in the chamber. A catalyst in the form of ferromagnetic iron powder is placed inside the chamber. The function of the catalyst is to accelerate the synthesis of hydrogen and nitrogen in order to increase the efficiency of ammonia production process. During this synthesis, iron particles are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with induction of 15 mT and frequency of 333 Hz. Putting iron particles into oscillation increases the efficiency of ammonia production process by 60%.
  • reactants such as reaction gas of the stoichiometric composition of: 75% hydrogen and 25% nitrogen, molar percent
  • This effect is associated with an increase in the efficiency of catalysis by the putting ferromagnetic catalyst particles into oscillation.
  • the method of conducting a chemical reaction, involving the catalyst, comprising potato starch oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to produce a formulation comprising carboxyl and aldehyde groups 42% aqueous suspension of potato starch is introduced into the reaction chamber. The temperature of 40 °C and atmospheric pressure is maintained in the chamber for 15 minutes. A ferromagnetic catalyst in the form of iron nanoparticles is placed inside the chamber. Then, 30% H 2 0 2 solution is added dropwise to the reaction mixture so that the final concentration was 2 g/ 100 g in starch dry matter. The mixture is thermostated at 40 °C for an additional 60 min.
  • the iron nanoparticles are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with induction of 500 niT and frequency of 2 Hz.
  • Putting iron nanoparticles into oscillation increases the starch oxidation process efficiency by 80% relative to the efficiency of the process, wherein the ferromagnetic catalyst nanoparticles are motionless.
  • the method of conducting a chemical reaction, involving the catalyst, comprising oxidation of CO to C02 as follows: the reaction gas having the composition of: 1% CO and 99% air, molar percent, are introduced into the reaction chamber. The temperature of 20 °C and pressure of 0.1 MPa is maintained in the chamber. Catalyst in the form of a powder comprising iron particles coated with platinum is placed inside the chamber. The purpose of platinum is to catalyse the reaction process of CO and oxygen in the air. During this synthesis, catalyst particles with an iron core are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with induction of 15 mT and frequency of 333 Hz.
  • a powder composed of iron nanoparticles which performs the role of a catalyst, is placed between the surface of the polymer electrolyte and the electrode surface portions that are adjacent to the polymeric electrolyte, wherein the amount of iron powder on the surface of the electrode is 5 mg/cm 2 .
  • iron particles are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with induction of 10 mT and frequency of 333 Hz.

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Abstract

The object of the invention is a method for conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst, in particular ferromagnetic catalyst. The method is characterized in that while conducting a chemical reaction, particles of the catalyst comprising a ferromagnetic material are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency greater than 0.1 Hz and a magnetic field induction greater than 0.01 mT. Oscillating magnetic field here is a field the induction vector of which changes its direction in time. Putting catalyst particles into oscillation increases the efficiency of the chemical reaction by several dozen to several hundred percent.

Description

The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst
The object of the invention is to provide a method for conducting a reaction involving the powder catalyst, in particular ferromagnetic catalyst.
Catalysis is a phenomenon to accelerate the chemical reaction due to the addition of a small amount of catalyst, which itself is not subjected to permanent transformation, but only forms transient compounds or complexes with other reactants. Function of the catalyst is to change the path of the kinetic reaction by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction and to create other transient complexes, relative to the reaction conducted in a non-catalytic way. As a result, both the reaction leading to the product as well as in the whose opposite direction, leading to restoring the reactants is accelerated. The ratio of the product amount to the number of reactants that have not been reacted at the end of the process is the same as that without a catalyst, but the process takes less time. Catalysis is important for many industrial processes, such as production of ammonia, hydrogen, sulphuric acid, plastics and oil refining (cracking, hydrocracking, reforming, etc.). Catalysis, which is the effect of organic catalysts (enzymes), is the basis of life processes on Earth.
Process temperature, pressure, chemical composition and form of the catalyst has the influence on the course and direction of catalytic reactions.
Miniature reactor used to produce a chemical mixture, using the powder catalyst made of particles with magnetic properties which provide greater contact with the chemical mixture is known from German Patent specification No. DEI 0159129. After the reaction, the powder catalyst can be extracted by the magnetic field for further use.
The reactor comprises one inlet of the two supply lines connected to the pipes in the flow direction, and a second inlet of the catalytic material, which at the outlet has the shape of a cone, and large space with an arm embedded in the coil is formed between the inlets.
The catalytic material is made in the form of a powder and has the properties of paramagnetic or ferromagnetic material. Moreover, each of the supply lines is provided with at least one pump. A method for preparing a chemical mixture in a solvent using a catalyst material consists in that the catalyst has a form of a powder with a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic properties, which after the reaction is removed from the chemical mixture using a magnetic field, and used again. The subject matter of the invention lies in the fact that during the reaction, catalyst particles comprising ferromagnetic material are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field. Oscillating magnetic field is a field whose induction vector changes its direction in time.
Preferably, powder catalyst, comprising particles having a nanometric, micrometric, or macrometric size, is put into oscillation.
Preferably, powder catalyst, whose particles are made of at least one material, wherein at least one material is ferromagnetic, is put into oscillation.
Preferably, ferromagnetic particles covered with the catalyst material is applied are put into oscillation.
Preferably, particles in the form of layered nanowires in which at least one layer has ferromagnetic properties are put into oscillation.
Preferably, particles of the powder catalyst are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency greater than 0.1 Hz and a magnetic induction greater than 0.01 mT.
Surprisingly, it was found that the oscillating motion of catalyst particles relative to the molecules of the reactants characterized by a high frequency increases the frequency of the formation of the reactant - catalyst complexes, which increases the efficiency of the ef catalysis process, and thus the yield of the product manufacturing process. The invention allows significant acceleration in the product manufacturing process.
The object of the invention is explained in the embodiments.
Example 1
The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst is based on that the reactants are introduced into the reaction chamber and the chemical reaction is conducted in the presence of a powder catalyst, wherein the catalyst particles of nanometric size, comprising ferromagnetic material, are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency of 0.1 Hz and induction of 0.01 mT. Oscillating magnetic field here is a field the induction vector of which changes its direction in time. After the reaction the product is discharged from the reaction chamber, wherein the catalyst particles are separated from the product.
Example 2
The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst takes place as in the first example, except that catalyst powder comprising particles of having a micrometric size is put into oscillation, the particles are made of two materials, wherein one material is ferromagnetic, and the second one, applied on its surface, has catalytic properties.
Example 3
The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst takes place as in the first example, except that catalyst powder comprising particles having a macrometric size is put into oscillation.
Example 4
The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst takes place as in the first example, except that catalyst powder, whose particles form layered nanowires, wherein one of the layers is ferromagnetic, is put into oscillation.
Example 5
The method of conducting a chemical reaction, involving the catalyst, comprising ammonia synthesis is as follows: reactants, such as reaction gas of the stoichiometric composition of: 75% hydrogen and 25% nitrogen, molar percent, are introduced into the reaction chamber. The temperature of 400 °C and pressure of 10 MPa is maintained in the chamber. A catalyst in the form of ferromagnetic iron powder is placed inside the chamber. The function of the catalyst is to accelerate the synthesis of hydrogen and nitrogen in order to increase the efficiency of ammonia production process. During this synthesis, iron particles are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with induction of 15 mT and frequency of 333 Hz. Putting iron particles into oscillation increases the efficiency of ammonia production process by 60%.
This effect is associated with an increase in the efficiency of catalysis by the putting ferromagnetic catalyst particles into oscillation.
Example 6
The method of conducting a chemical reaction, involving the catalyst, comprising potato starch oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to produce a formulation comprising carboxyl and aldehyde groups. 42% aqueous suspension of potato starch is introduced into the reaction chamber. The temperature of 40 °C and atmospheric pressure is maintained in the chamber for 15 minutes. A ferromagnetic catalyst in the form of iron nanoparticles is placed inside the chamber. Then, 30% H202 solution is added dropwise to the reaction mixture so that the final concentration was 2 g/ 100 g in starch dry matter. The mixture is thermostated at 40 °C for an additional 60 min. and at this time, the iron nanoparticles are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with induction of 500 niT and frequency of 2 Hz. Putting iron nanoparticles into oscillation increases the starch oxidation process efficiency by 80% relative to the efficiency of the process, wherein the ferromagnetic catalyst nanoparticles are motionless.
This effect is a consequence of putting the ferromagnetic catalyst nanoparticles into oscillation.
Example 7
The method of conducting a chemical reaction, involving the catalyst, comprising oxidation of CO to C02, as follows: the reaction gas having the composition of: 1% CO and 99% air, molar percent, are introduced into the reaction chamber. The temperature of 20 °C and pressure of 0.1 MPa is maintained in the chamber. Catalyst in the form of a powder comprising iron particles coated with platinum is placed inside the chamber. The purpose of platinum is to catalyse the reaction process of CO and oxygen in the air. During this synthesis, catalyst particles with an iron core are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with induction of 15 mT and frequency of 333 Hz.
Putting platinum catalyst particles with a ferromagnetic core into oscillation, increases the oxidation process efficiency by 20%.
Example 8
The method of conducting a chemical reaction, involving the catalyst, comprising the decomposition of hydrogen into ions and electrons in a fuel cell. In the fuel cell of the polymer type, a powder composed of iron nanoparticles, which performs the role of a catalyst, is placed between the surface of the polymer electrolyte and the electrode surface portions that are adjacent to the polymeric electrolyte, wherein the amount of iron powder on the surface of the electrode is 5 mg/cm2. At a time when the cell produces electricity, using hydrogen, iron particles are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with induction of 10 mT and frequency of 333 Hz.
Immediately after switching on the oscillating magnetic field, electric power at the output of the fuel cell increases by 200%. This effect is associated with increased efficiency of the process of catalysing the decomposition of hydrogen by putting iron catalyst nanoparticles into oscillation.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the application of the powder catalyst, both in the synthesis reactions and chemical analysis, whose particles comprising ferromagnetic material, in the form of a core, applied layer or as a whole consisting of ferromagnetic material, is put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field.

Claims

Claims
1. A method for conducting a chemical reaction involving the catalyst, comprising introducing the reactants into the reaction chamber and conducting a chemical reaction at a given temperature and pressure, in the presence of a powder catalyst, which, optionally, after the reaction, is removed from the chemical mixture, characterized in that during the reaction, catalyst particles comprising ferromagnetic material are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field the induction vector of which changes its direction in time.
2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that powder catalyst, comprising particles having a nanometric size, is put into oscillation.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that powder catalyst, comprising particles having a micrometric size, is put into oscillation.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that powder catalyst, comprising particles having a macrometric size, is put into oscillation.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that powder catalyst, whose particles are made of at least one material, wherein at least one is ferromagnetic, is put into oscillation.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that ferromagnetic particles, onto which the catalyst material is applied, are put into oscillation.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that particles forming multi- layered nanowires in which at least one layer has ferromagnetic properties are put into oscillation.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that particles of the powder catalyst are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency greater than 0.1 Hz and a magnetic field induction greater than 0.01 mT.
PCT/IB2015/000341 2014-03-19 2015-03-17 The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst WO2015140620A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201580014848.2A CN106102893B (en) 2014-03-19 2015-03-17 It carries out being related to the method for the chemical reaction of fine catalyst
US15/126,970 US10058848B2 (en) 2014-03-19 2015-03-17 Method of carrying out a chemical reaction with the use of a catalyst
EP15719508.2A EP3119516A1 (en) 2014-03-19 2015-03-17 The method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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