WO2015117262A1 - 用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的电路及自适应控制方法 - Google Patents

用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的电路及自适应控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015117262A1
WO2015117262A1 PCT/CN2014/001180 CN2014001180W WO2015117262A1 WO 2015117262 A1 WO2015117262 A1 WO 2015117262A1 CN 2014001180 W CN2014001180 W CN 2014001180W WO 2015117262 A1 WO2015117262 A1 WO 2015117262A1
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charger
battery
current
stack
vanadium battery
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English (en)
French (fr)
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毕大强
柴建云
孙旭东
赵杨阳
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574—Current
    • H01M8/04582—Current of the individual fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04895—Current
    • H01M8/04902—Current of the individual fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of vanadium battery energy storage system control, and particularly relates to a circuit and an adaptive control method for self-starting surge current suppression of a vanadium battery.
  • the flow battery is also called a redox flow battery, and the positive and negative active material electrolytes are independently stored.
  • the electrolyte flows into the battery through the pump to perform an electrochemical reaction.
  • Vanadium flow battery is abbreviated as vanadium battery. It has the advantages of independent design, fast response, long life and low maintenance cost. It has extremely broad application prospects in wind power, photovoltaic power generation, power grid peaking, etc. In the case of a power outage, the local key equipment can be continuously powered, but this also makes the supply of the electrolyte circulation system not to use the external power supply mode.
  • the vanadium battery charger not only needs to control the battery stack charge and discharge, but also needs to supply power to the controller.
  • the power supply end of the circulating system of the vanadium battery is connected to the electrode of the stack through the main gate of the stack.
  • the main gate is closed, and the main stack electrode of the vanadium battery is directly connected to the power supply end of the circulation system, even after the power grid is cut off.
  • the system can still supply power through the main stack to maintain the normal operation of the vanadium battery.
  • the main gate is disconnected. It is necessary to start the circulatory system with the charger first. After the internal self-test of the battery is completed, the main gate of the stack is automatically closed.
  • the power supply of the circulation system is a constant voltage mode
  • the battery stack can be simply equivalent to a circuit model in which the back electromotive force is connected in series
  • the difference between the counter electromotive force of the stack and the constant voltage of the charger is affected.
  • a current surge is generated on a relatively small internal resistance of the battery. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate self-starting surge current suppression measures.
  • vanadium battery chargers have focused on the charge and discharge control of vanadium batteries after normal startup, and a small part of the self-starting surge current suppression for vanadium batteries. The research did not study and discuss the failure of vanadium batteries since their start-up.
  • the present invention proposes an adaptive control method for self-starting surge current suppression of a vanadium battery, which not only realizes the suppression of the surge current of the vanadium battery when it is self-starting, but also avoids the possibility of failure of the battery under different working conditions. .
  • the invention is directed to the vane battery described in the background art, which generates an inrush current during the self-starting process, and the self-starting failure caused by the suppression of the inrush current, and proposes a circuit for self-starting surge current suppression of the vanadium battery and adaptive control thereof. method.
  • a circuit for self-starting surge current suppression of a vanadium battery comprising a vanadium battery, a positive and negative electrolyte storage tank, a circulation pump, a controller, and a charger, wherein the vanadium battery is a positive and negative electrode of a vanadium battery stack,
  • the composition of the ion exchange membrane; the positive and negative electrodes of the vanadium battery stack are respectively connected to the charger, and the positive and negative ends of the stack are respectively connected with the positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks and the electrolyte circulating pump;
  • the positive end of the stack is connected to the main gate,
  • the controller switch and the positive pole of the charger, the input end of the controller is connected to the controller switch, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the stack, the negative electrode of the charger, the DC inductor and the auxiliary relay connected in parallel with the DC inductor;
  • the output is connected to the positive and negative electrolyte circulating pumps of the stack; the charger pump is connected in parallel with the grid
  • the controller comprises: DC/DC switching power supply with input of 40V to 60V and output of 24V, DC/DC switching power supply respectively connected with electrolyte and pipeline pressure monitoring module and output sampling and motor driving module, output sampling and motor driving module It is also connected across the output capacitor of the DC/DC switching power supply.
  • the DC inductor capacity is matched with the vanadium battery capacity, the DC inductor has an air gap, and the saturation current value is greater than the peak value of the surge current; in the process of generating the inrush current, the inductor string is in the charge and discharge loop, and when the surge current is stabilized, the short-circuit inductance is The inductor is no longer connected to the charge and discharge main circuit, and the inductor current is freewheeled through the auxiliary relay.
  • An adaptive control method for self-starting surge current suppression of a vanadium battery includes: first, the charger operates in a constant voltage current limiting operation state, and the closed loop adjustment output voltage satisfies the requirements of the circulation system controller; when the circulation system is started and the battery is completed After the self-test passes, the main gate is closed. At this time, if the stack voltage and charger When the voltage difference is large, an inrush current is generated. After the charger detects the overcurrent signal, it enters the current loop. The charger operates in the current limiting mode. The current limit value of the current loop is determined by adaptively detecting the currently detected stack voltage. When the battery is started, the charger cuts off the DC inductor in series to control the charger to achieve steady state charge and discharge operation.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are based on the relationship between the voltage of the vanadium battery stack and the internal resistance of the charge, thereby setting the limit value of the current closed loop during the suppression of the inrush current.
  • the charging internal resistance of the vanadium battery stack under different capacity and voltage conditions can be obtained.
  • the inrush current must be greater than a certain value to make the charger end.
  • the voltage meets the power requirements of the circulatory system controller, and the inrush current must be less than the upper limit of the current capacity of the charger and battery. It should be noted that in the case of less battery residual capacity and lower stack voltage, if the smaller suppression current is used, the charger port voltage is lower than the controller input voltage requirement, causing the circulatory system to lose power and causing the startup failure. .
  • FIG. 1 Block diagram of vanadium battery energy storage system with inrush current suppression capability
  • the invention provides a circuit and an adaptive control method for inrush current suppression of a vanadium battery energy storage system, as shown in FIG. 1 , comprising a vanadium battery, a positive and negative electrolyte storage tank, a circulation pump, a controller and a charger.
  • the vanadium battery is composed of a positive and negative electrode of a vanadium battery stack and an ion exchange membrane; the positive and negative electrodes of the vanadium battery stack are respectively connected to a charger, and the positive and negative ends of the stack are respectively connected with the positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks.
  • the electrolyte circulating pump the positive terminal of the stack is connected to the main gate, the controller switch and the positive pole of the charger, and the controller inputs one end Connected to the controller switch, the other end is connected to the negative pole of the stack, the negative electrode of the charger, the DC inductor, and the auxiliary relay connected in parallel with the DC inductor; the output of the controller is connected to the positive and negative electrolyte loops respectively connected to the stack.
  • Pump the charger pump is connected in parallel with the grid.
  • the controller includes: a DC/DC switching power supply with an input of 40V to 60V and an output of 24V, and a DC/DC switching power supply respectively connected to the electrolyte and the pipeline pressure monitoring module and the output sampling and motor driving module.
  • the output sampling and motor drive modules are also connected across the output capacitors of the DC/DC switching power supply.
  • the DC inductor capacity is matched with the vanadium battery capacity, the DC inductor has an air gap, and the saturation current value is greater than the peak value of the surge current; in the process of generating the inrush current, the inductor string is in the charge and discharge loop, and when the surge current is stabilized, the short-circuit inductance is The inductor is no longer connected to the charge and discharge main circuit, and the inductor current is freewheeled through the auxiliary relay.
  • An adaptive control method for self-starting surge current suppression of a vanadium battery includes: first, the charger operates in a constant voltage current limiting operation state, and the closed loop adjustment output voltage satisfies the requirements of the circulation system controller; when the circulation system is started and the battery is completed After the self-test passes, the main gate is closed. At this time, if the voltage difference between the stack voltage and the charger is large, an inrush current will be generated. After the charger detects the overcurrent signal, it enters the current closed loop, and the charger operates in the current limiting mode.
  • the closed-loop current-limit value is determined by adapting the currently detected stack voltage; when the battery is started, the charger cuts off the series-connected DC inductor to control the charger to achieve steady-state charge and discharge operation.
  • the electric pump feeds the electrolyte into the stack from the liquid storage tank, and completes the oxidation and reduction reaction through the exchange membrane under the control of the circulation system controller, and the electrolyte is sent after the reaction is completed.
  • the active material continuously circulates and completes charging and discharging.
  • the charger connects the vanadium battery to the grid to control the state of charge and discharge of the vanadium battery.
  • the controller of the vanadium battery still draws electricity from the parallel port of the charger and the stack, and controls the electrolyte circulating pump to drive the electrolyte circulation.
  • the invention connects the DC inductor in series on the negative electrode connection line of the vanadium battery stack to the charger, and the auxiliary relay is connected in parallel at both ends of the DC inductor, thereby effectively suppressing the sudden connection of the controller to the charger and the automatic closing of the main gate of the stack. electric shock.
  • the specific implementation manner is as follows: through a priori experiment, the charging internal resistance of the vanadium battery stack under different capacity and voltage conditions is measured, and according to the internal resistance and the stack voltage, the impact must be greater than a certain value.
  • the charger terminal voltage meet the power supply requirements of the circulatory system controller.
  • the voltage of the charger port is lower than the input voltage requirement of the controller, so that the circulation system loses power, resulting in failure of startup.
  • the limit value of the inrush current should be greater than the minimum charging current value that can ensure the continuous operation of the circulating system under the current stack voltage, and is smaller than the maximum current capacity of the charger and the vanadium battery.
  • the stacking voltage and the internal resistance of the charging are shown in Figure 3. Since the operating voltage range of the circulating system is between 42V and 60V, only the vanadium battery stack voltage needs to be tested. Below the 42V charging internal resistance law, when the stack voltage is greater than 42V, it will not start failure. The points in Fig.
  • the line is the variation curve of the charging resistance fitted by the least squares method with respect to the no-load voltage of the stack.
  • the charger works in the no-load regulation state, and the closed-loop regulation output voltage meets the requirements of the circulation system controller.
  • the charger first inputs the port capacitance to the controller. Since the controller capacitor voltage is zero, an inrush current will be generated on the output circuit of the charger. Since the inrush current is small, only the DC inductor is passed. That is, it can suppress current surge.
  • the electrolyte circulating pump is driven to rotate, so that the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank gradually flows into the stack.
  • the main gate is automatically closed, and the positive and negative electrodes of the stack are connected.
  • the charger because the initial voltage of the battery stack is usually not equal to the constant voltage supply value of the controller, and because the capacity of the stack is large, the main gate will be closed.
  • the battery generates a large inrush current.
  • the charger operates in the current limiting mode, and the current limit value adapts to the current stack voltage, thereby suppressing the inrush current.
  • the inductor is cut off by the auxiliary relay to ensure that the DC inductor does not occupy the volt-ampere capacity of the system under normal charge and discharge conditions.
  • the charger controls the battery to achieve steady state charge and discharge operation.
  • the specific experimental conditions are as follows: the no-load voltage of the vanadium battery stack is 24V; the battery side DC inductance is 0.86uH, the battery measuring filter capacitor is 1500uF, the staggered parallel circuit inductance is 150uH; the high frequency transformer is 6:1, the AC side filter inductor is 2.5. mH, filter capacitor 4uF.
  • the experimental results are shown in Fig. 4.
  • the following figure shows the enlarged waveform of the above figure at the moment when the main gate is closed. It can be seen that the no-load voltage of the stack before the main gate is closed is 24V, and it rises rapidly to 45V after the main gate is closed.
  • the peak value of the inrush current is 45A, and the electromotive force of the stack is gradually increased due to the impact current, and is stabilized in the working state of the current limiting 20A.

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Abstract

本发明属于钒电池储能系统控制技术领域，特别涉及一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的电路及自适应控制方法。通过先验性实验，测量获得钒电池电堆在不同容量及电压情况下的充电内阻大小。钒电池启动前，充电机工作在空载稳压状态，闭环调节输出电压满足循环系统控制器要求。钒电池启动后，当循环系统控制器对电池完成自检后自动闭合主闸，将电堆的正负极接入充电机，充电机检测到过流信号后进入电流闭环，充电机工作在限流模式，且限流值自适应当前电堆电压，当冲击电流峰值过后，通过辅助继电器切除电感，保证正常充放电状态下，直流电感不占用系统的伏安容量。当电池启动完成后，充电机控制电池实现稳态充放电运行。

Description

用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的电路及自适应控制方法 技术领域
本发明属于钒电池储能系统控制技术领域，特别涉及一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的电路及自适应控制方法。
背景技术
液流电池又称为氧化还原液流电池，其正负极活性物质电解液是独立存放的，充放电的时候，电解液通过泵流入电池内部进行电化学反应。钒液流电池简称钒电池，具备功率和容量可独立设计、响应快、寿命长、维护成本低等优点，使其在风电、光伏发电、电网调峰等领域有着极其广阔的应用前景，尤其是在电网断电的情况下，可以为本地关键设备持续提供电能，但这也使得其电解液循环系统的供电不得采用外部供电的模式。钒电池的充电机不仅需要控制电池电堆充放电，还需要为控制器供电。
钒电池的循环系统供电端与电堆电极间通过电堆主闸相连，正常工作时主闸闭合，钒电池的主电堆电极与循环系统的供电端直接连接，即使在电网断电后，循环系统仍可以通过主电堆供电，维持钒电池正常运行。但在循环系统启动前，主闸断开，需要先用充电机带动循环系统启动，待电池内部的自检完成后，电堆主闸才自动闭合。但是，由于循环系统的供电为恒压模式，而电池电堆可简单等效为反电动势串接内阻的电路模型，当主闸闭合瞬间，电堆反电动势与充电机的恒压值之差作用在相对较小的电池内阻上产生电流冲击。所以必须采取适当的自启动冲击电流抑制措施。
需要注意的是，由于钒电池在电量较低且电堆电压较低时，若外部充电机的冲击电流限制值过小，很可能导致循环系统在主闸闭合后欠压，从而启动失败，而目前已展开的钒电池充电机的电路结构及控制方法的研究大部分集中在钒电池正常启动后的充放电控制方面，少部分针对钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制 的研究也未就钒电池自启动失败问题进行研究和讨论。
因此，本发明提出了一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的自适应控制方法，不仅实现钒电池自启动时的冲击电流抑制，同时避免了电池在不同工况下出现启动失败的可能性。
发明内容
本发明针对背景技术中描述的钒电池在自启动过程中产生冲击电流，以及由于抑制冲击电流造成的自启动失败等问题，提出一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的电路及自适应控制方法。
一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的电路，包括钒电池、正负极电解液储液罐、循环泵、控制器、充电机，所述钒电池为由钒电池电堆正负电极、离子交换膜组成；在钒电池电堆正负极分别连接充电机，电堆的正负两端分别连接正负极电解液储液罐和电解液循环泵；电堆的正极端连接主闸、控制器开关和充电机正极，控制器输入一端与控制器开关连接，另一端与电堆的负极、充电机的负电极、直流电感和与直流电感两端并联的辅助继电器连接；控制器两端输出分别连接电堆的正负极电解液循环泵；充电机泵与电网并联。
所述控制器包括：输入为40V至60V、输出为24V的DC/DC开关电源，DC/DC开关电源分别连接电解液及管道压力监测模块及输出采样及电机驱动模块，输出采样及电机驱动模块还跨接在DC/DC开关电源输出电容两端。
所述直流电感容量与钒电池容量相匹配，直流电感有气隙，且饱和电流值大于冲击电流峰值；在冲击电流产生过程中使电感串在充放电回路中，当冲击电流平抑后短路电感，使电感不再接入充放电主回路，并通过辅助继电器完成电感电流续流。
一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的自适应控制方法，包括：首先充电机工作在恒压限流的工作状态，闭环调节输出电压满足循环系统控制器要求；当循环系统启动完毕且电池自检通过后，主闸闭合，此时若电堆电压与充电机 电压差较大则会产生冲击电流，充电机检测到过流信号后进入电流闭环，充电机工作在限流模式，该电流闭环的限流值通过自适应当前检测到的电堆电压而决定；当电池启动完成后，充电机切除串联的直流电感，控制充电机实现稳态充放电运行。
本发明的有益效果是根据钒电池电堆电压与充电内阻变化关系，从而设置冲击电流抑制过程中电流闭环的限定值。通过先验性实验可以获得钒电池电堆在不同容量及电压情况下的充电内阻大小，根据该内阻大小和此时电堆电压可以计算得出冲击电流必须大于一定数值才能使得充电机端电压满足循环系统控制器的供电要求，同时冲击电流必须小于充电机和电池的电流容量上限。需要注意的是，在电池剩余容量较少且电堆电压较低的情况下，若采用较小的抑制电流会使得充电机端口电压小于控制器输入电压要求，使得循环系统失电从而导致启动失败。
附图说明
图1具备冲击电流抑制能力的钒电池储能系统结构框图
图2控制器结构示意图
图3普能公司5kW钒电池的电堆电压及充电内阻对应规律
图4钒电池自启动实验波形
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对优选实施例作详细说明。
本发明提出一种用于钒电池储能系统冲击电流抑制的电路及自适应控制方法，如图1所示，包括钒电池、正负极电解液储液罐、循环泵、控制器、充电机，所述钒电池为由钒电池电堆正负电极、离子交换膜组成；在钒电池电堆正负极分别连接充电机，电堆的正负两端分别连接正负极电解液储液罐和电解液循环泵；电堆的正极端连接主闸、控制器开关和充电机正极，控制器输入一端 与控制器开关连接，另一端与电堆的负极、充电机的负电极、直流电感和与直流电感两端并联的辅助继电器连接；控制器两端输出分别连接电堆的正负极电解液循环泵；充电机泵与电网并联。
如图2所示，所述控制器包括：输入为40V至60V、输出为24V的DC/DC开关电源，DC/DC开关电源分别连接电解液及管道压力监测模块及输出采样及电机驱动模块，输出采样及电机驱动模块还跨接在DC/DC开关电源输出电容两端。
所述直流电感容量与钒电池容量相匹配，直流电感有气隙，且饱和电流值大于冲击电流峰值；在冲击电流产生过程中使电感串在充放电回路中，当冲击电流平抑后短路电感，使电感不再接入充放电主回路，并通过辅助继电器完成电感电流续流。
一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的自适应控制方法，包括：首先充电机工作在恒压限流的工作状态，闭环调节输出电压满足循环系统控制器要求；当循环系统启动完毕且电池自检通过后，主闸闭合，此时若电堆电压与充电机电压差较大则会产生冲击电流，充电机检测到过流信号后进入电流闭环，充电机工作在限流模式，该电流闭环的限流值通过自适应当前检测到的电堆电压而决定；当电池启动完成后，充电机切除串联的直流电感，控制充电机实现稳态充放电运行。
所述的电解液循环系统中，电泵从储液罐中将电解液送入电堆内，在循环系统控制器的控制下通过交换膜完成氧化和还原反应，反应完成后电解液又被送回储液罐，如此活性物质不断循环流动，完成充放电。充电机将钒电池与电网连接，控制钒电池充放电状态。同时钒电池的控制器仍从充电机与电堆的并联端口取电，控制电解液循环泵带动电解液循环。本发明通过在钒电池电堆至充电机的负电极连接线上串接直流电感，直流电感两端并联辅助继电器，有效抑制控制器突然接入充电机，以及电堆主闸自动闭合时产生的冲击电流。
由于钒电池电堆的容量远大于控制器端口电容的容量，导致主闸闭合时的冲 击电流也远大于控制器突然接入产生的冲击电流。如果仅通过充电机的软件限流控制，由于响应时间较慢，系统会因过流保护而停止工作，不能起到电流抑制作用；如果仅通过硬件直流电感限流，对电感容量和饱和电流值的要求太高。所以需要综合利用软件算法和硬件资源，针对5kW的钒电池储能系统，选取容量为1.7kVar的带气隙直流电感，与限流控制算法结合，实现冲击电流的抑制。
具体实施方式如下：通过先验性实验，测量获得钒电池电堆在不同容量及电压情况下的充电内阻大小，根据该内阻大小和此时电堆电压可以计算得出冲击必须大于一定数值才能使得充电机端电压满足循环系统控制器的供电要求。尤其在电池剩余容量较少且电堆电压较低的情况下，若采用较小的抑制电流会使得充电机端口电压小于控制器输入电压要求，使得循环系统失电，导致启动失败。所以，具体实施方案中，冲击电流的限定值应大于为当前电堆电压下能保证循环系统继续工作的最小充电电流值，并小于充电机和钒电池的最大电流容量。在该具体实施方式中，针对5kW钒电池，其电堆电压及充电内阻对应规律如图3所示，由于循环系统工作电压范围在42V到60V之间，所以仅需测试钒电池电堆电压低于42V的充电内阻规律，当电堆电压大于42V后则不会启动失败。图3中的点为多组实验测量数据分布点，线为采用最小二乘法拟合出的充电电阻关于电堆空载电压的变化规律曲线。实际启动时，检测循环系统启动后的电堆电压，并根据上述曲线查询对应内阻值，从而计算出启动成功所需的最小冲击电流值，并以此作为电流环电流限制值的下限。
钒电池启动前，充电机工作在空载稳压状态，闭环调节输出电压满足循环系统控制器要求。钒电池启动时，充电机首先给控制器输入端口电容，由于此时控制器电容电压为零，会在充电机输出回路上产生一个冲击电流，由于该冲击电流较小，此时仅通过直流电感即能抑制电流冲击。控制器正常启动后，带动电解液循环泵旋转，使得储液罐中的电解液逐渐流入电堆内，当控制器对电池完成自检后自动闭合主闸，将电堆的正负极接入充电机，由于电池电堆初始电压通常与控制器恒压供电值不相等，且由于电堆容量较大，在主闸闭合时会对 电池产生较大的冲击电流，充电机检测到过流信号后进入电流闭环，充电机工作在限流模式，且限流值自适应当前电堆电压，从而实现该冲击电流的抑制。当冲击电流峰值过后，通过辅助继电器切除电感，保证正常充放电状态下，直流电感不占用系统的伏安容量。当电池启动完成后，充电机控制电池实现稳态充放电运行。
具体实验工况如下：钒电池电堆的空载电压为24V；电池侧直流电感0.86uH，电池测滤波电容1500uF，交错并联电路电感150uH；高频变压器变比6∶1，交流侧滤波电感2.5mH，滤波电容4uF。实验结果如图4所示，其中下图为上图在主闸闭合瞬间的放大波形，可以看出，电堆在主闸闭合前的空载电压为24V，在主闸闭合后迅速上升至45V，冲击电流峰值为45A，由于冲击电流作用电堆电动势逐步升高，稳定在限流20A的工作状态。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的电路，其特征在于，包括钒电池、正负极电解液储液罐、循环泵、控制器、充电机，所述钒电池为由钒电池电堆正负电极、离子交换膜组成；在钒电池电堆正负极分别连接充电机，电堆的正负两端分别连接正负极电解液储液罐和电解液循环泵；电堆的正极端连接主闸、控制器开关和充电机正极，控制器输入一端与控制器开关连接，另一端与电堆的负极、充电机的负电极、直流电感和与直流电感两端并联的辅助继电器连接；控制器两端输出分别连接电堆的正负极电解液循环泵；充电机泵与电网并联。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述电路，其特征在于，所述控制器包括：输入为40V至60V、输出为24V的DC/DC开关电源，DC/DC开关电源分别连接电解液及管道压力监测模块及输出采样及电机驱动模块，输出采样及电机驱动模块还跨接在DC/DC开关电源输出电容两端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述电路，其特征在于，所述直流电感容量与钒电池容量相匹配，直流电感有气隙，且饱和电流值大于冲击电流峰值；在冲击电流产生过程中使电感串在充放电回路中，当冲击电流平抑后短路电感，使电感不再接入充放电主回路，并通过辅助继电器完成电感电流续流。
  4. 一种用于钒电池自启动冲击电流抑制的自适应控制方法，包括：首先充电机工作在恒压限流的工作状态，闭环调节输出电压满足循环系统控制器要求；当循环系统启动完毕且电池自检通过后，主闸闭合，此时若电堆电压与充电机电压差较大则会产生冲击电流，充电机检测到过流信号后进入电流闭环，充电机工作在限流模式，该电流闭环的限流值通过自适应当前检测到的电堆电压而决定；当电池启动完成后，充电机切除串联的直流电感，控制充电机实现稳态充放电运行。
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