WO2015109072A1 - Operating a gas turbine power plant at low load conditions - Google Patents
Operating a gas turbine power plant at low load conditions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015109072A1 WO2015109072A1 PCT/US2015/011563 US2015011563W WO2015109072A1 WO 2015109072 A1 WO2015109072 A1 WO 2015109072A1 US 2015011563 W US2015011563 W US 2015011563W WO 2015109072 A1 WO2015109072 A1 WO 2015109072A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- emissions
- power plant
- gas turbine
- plant
- loads
- Prior art date
Links
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/864—Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/869—Multiple step processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/106—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K5/00—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type
- F01K5/02—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type used in regenerative installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/002—Apparatus adapted for particular uses, e.g. for portable devices driven by machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/904—Multiple catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/72—Application in combination with a steam turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/80—Repairing, retrofitting or upgrading methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
- F05D2270/082—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases with as little NOx as possible
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/40—Carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/10—Catalytic reduction devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
Definitions
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional combined cycle plant with a gas turbine cycle 1 and a water/steam cycle 2.
- air comes into the air compressor 10 and is mixed with fuel F in the combustion chamber 1 1 and burned.
- the combustion products are then fed into the turbine section 13 causing the turbine shaft 14 to rotate the generator 15 which generates electricity.
- Exhaust E from the gas turbine 13 enters the transition duct 19 that leads to the HRSG 20 and is cooled as it passes over the water/ steam circuit, heating and boiling the water to steam. After it has given up the practical amount of energy (cooled) to the water/ steam cycle, it is exhausted out the HRSG stack 21. It is here, in the exhaust stack, where emissions are measured for reporting to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and determining emissions compliance.
- EPA Environmental Protection Agency
- the water/steam cycle 2 consists of the HRSG 20, the Steam Turbine (ST) 70, a generator 75, and a condenser 76.
- the ST 70 consists of a high-pressure ("HP") section 71, an intermediate-pressure (“IP”) section 72, and a low-pressure ("LP”) section 73. Illustrated is a three pressure Reheat system, also allocable are three Pressure Non-Reheat, two Pressure and one Pressure HRSGs and Boilers.
- the IP section is sometimes referred to as the reheat turbine.
- the three ST sections 70, and the generator 75, are all on a common shaft 74. When the steam flows through the ST 70, it turns the shaft 74 and electricity is generated by the generator 75. This steam exits the ST 70 and flows to the condenser 76.
- a conventional combined cycle plant typical includes additional conventional elements, for example, low pressure condensate 22, low pressure (LP) economizer 23, LP steam drum 31, LP downcomer 32, LP evaporator 33, LP superheater 34, pipe to LP section (73) of ST 35, LP bypass valve & de-superheater 37, IP economizer 40, IP steam drum 41, IP downcomer 42, IP evaporator 43, IP superheater 44, pipe to cold reheat pipe (61) 45, HP economizer 50, HP economizer 51, P downcomer 53, pipe to HP section (71) of ST 56, HP bypass Valve & de-superheater 58, cold reheat pipe 61, hot reheat pipe to IP section (72) of ST 63, RH bypass valve & de-superheater 65 and boiler feed pump 81, the operations of which are known and therefore not discussed in further detail.
- LP low pressure condensate 22
- LP low pressure
- LP low pressure
- valves [HP: 57, RH: 64 and LP: 36] going to the ST (ST inlet valves) to generate power as stated above.
- ST ST inlet valves
- These valves can be used to control the pressure in water/steam circuit in their respective pressure levels if necessary under certain operating conditions.
- the traditional configuration is to place all of this emissions control equipment downstream of the HP boiler drum in the exhaust stream. Shown in FIG. 1 is a medium temperature CO catalyst 130, then an ammonia injection grid 120, and finally a SCR Catalyst 110 for NOx control.
- GTPP gas turbine power plants
- GTPP gas turbine power plants
- the conventional combined cycle plant shown in FIG. 1 are typically designed to operate between 50% to 100% load to generate power while maintaining permit emissions compliance levels.
- the plants include Duct Firing to gain capacity above the normal 100% load range. These levels are controlled by utilizing industry standard emissions control equipment.
- GT gas turbine
- Table 1A illustrates the local minimum. Note that there is a local minimum of emissions at 17% GT load in this example.
- the upper load range from 100% load to approximately 50% load is where emissions compliance is achievable.
- the 50% load is where the emission from the GT are at a low enough level that the traditional post combustion clean up equipment can destroy enough emissions to have compliant levels at the stack.
- This 50% load point is often referred to as Minimum Emissions Compliant Load (MECL) for a gas turbine.
- MECL Minimum Emissions Compliant Load
- the unit is out of emissions compliance at GT load ranges ⁇ approximately 50% load. This is a result of the engine characteristics at lower GT loads: a large increase in emissions and a large increase in the N02 portion of NOx.
- Table IB Stack Exhaust Emissions vs. GT Load, Existing Technology
- NOx emissions are comprised of NO and N02.
- SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
- Traditional GTPP's may have an oxidation (CO) catalyst 130, an ammonia injection grid 120 and a SCR (NOx) catalyst 110 for controlling the emissions in the GT exhaust path, typically where the temperature is in the range of 500°F to 700°F (although somewhat higher temperatures are typical for gas turbine simple cycle plants).
- This equipment is typically located downstream of the HP evaporator tubes in combined cycle applications, where the temperature of the exhaust is appropriate for these chemical reactions to occur effectively.
- the traditional SCR catalyst 110 is designed to destroy relatively high concentrations of NO, and relatively low quantities of N0 2 .
- gas turbine power plants simple cycle, combined cycle or cogeneration
- an apparatus for a gas turbine power plant that uniquely configures emission control equipment such that the plant can extend the emissions compliant operational range, said apparatus comprising a plurality of oxidation (CO) catalysts arranged in series.
- a method for operating a gas turbine power plant with the apparatus is provided such that the plant can extend the emissions compliant operational range.
- the apparatus further comprises a NOx catalyst downstream of said plurality of oxidation catalysts that reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance at low loads as well as normal operating loads.
- the apparatus further comprises at least one NOx catalyst that is capable of a high N02 conversion rate and reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance at low loads as well as normal operating loads.
- at least one NOx catalyst that is capable of a high N02 conversion rate and reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance at low loads as well as normal operating loads.
- an existing power plant is retrofitted with said apparatus.
- an apparatus for a gas turbine power plant that uniquely configures emission control equipment such that the plant can operate in emissions compliance at specific load(s) below the MECL where the gas turbine emissions are at or near a local minimum, or from 100% load continuously down to the local minimum, said apparatus comprising a plurality of oxidation (CO) catalysts arranged in series.
- a method for operating a gas turbine power plant with the apparatus is provided such that the plant can operate in emissions compliance at specific load(s) below the MECL where the gas turbine emissions are at or near a local minimum, or from 100% load continuously down to the local minimum.
- the apparatus further comprises a NOx catalyst downstream of said plurality of oxidation catalysts that reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance at low loads as well as normal operating loads.
- the apparatus further comprises at least one NOx catalyst that is capable of a high N02 conversion rate and reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance at low loads as well as normal operating loads.
- an existing power plant is retrofitted with said apparatus.
- an apparatus for a gas turbine power plant that uniquely configures emission control equipment such that emissions during start-up and shut-down are significantly reduced, said apparatus comprising a plurality of oxidation (CO) catalysts arranged in series.
- a method for operating a gas turbine power plant with the apparatus is provided such that emissions during start-up and shut-down are significantly reduced.
- the apparatus further comprises a NOx catalyst downstream of said plurality of oxidation catalysts that reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance at low loads as well as normal operating loads.
- the apparatus further comprising at least one NOx catalyst that is capable of a high N02 conversion rate and reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance at low loads as well as normal operating loads.
- at least one NOx catalyst that is capable of a high N02 conversion rate and reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance at low loads as well as normal operating loads.
- an existing power plant is retrofitted with said apparatus.
- an apparatus for a gas turbine power plant that uniquely configures emission control equipment such that the plant can extend the emissions compliant operational range, said apparatus comprising at least one NOx catalyst that is capable of a high N02 conversion rate and reduces NOx emissions to maintain emissions compliance.
- a method for operating a gas turbine power plant with the apparatus is provided such that the plant can extend the emissions compliant operational range and/or significantly reduce start-up and shut-down emissions.
- an existing power plant is retrofitted with said apparatus.
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional three pressure, reheat, combined cycle plant configuration, based on a gas turbine (“GT”), a heat recovery steam generator (“HRSG”), and a steam turbine (“ST”).
- GT gas turbine
- HRSG heat recovery steam generator
- ST steam turbine
- the HRSG is also sometimes known as a waste heat steam generator.
- FIG. 2 shows a combined cycle plant configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the emissions control equipment includes a plurality of CO catalysts 130, 140 and 150.
- the first catalyst in the gas path is a high temperature CO catalyst 140.
- This upstream oxidation (CO) catalyst 140 (typically in a high temperature region (> ⁇ 800°F) of the exhaust path) is located upstream of one or more downstream CO catalysts 130, 150, to make a first reduction of the CO emissions in the exhaust gas stream.
- CO oxidation
- This CO and VOC reduction is illustrated by the difference between the original values from the GT in Table 1A to the values shown in Table 2B below (with a local minimum emissions at 17% GT load in this example).
- This catalyst 140 can be located anywhere upstream of the HP drum and downstream of the GT exhaust (13) depending on the specific plant design/operational conditions.
- One or more downstream oxidation (CO) catalysts 130, 150 are located in a lower temperature region ( ⁇ ⁇ 800°F) of the exhaust path to make additional reductions of the CO emissions in the exhaust gas stream.
- a special high N0 2 reduction SCR catalyst 160 is located downstream of the CO catalysts 130, 140, 150, typically in a medium temperature region (approx. 500°F to 750°F) of the exhaust path to reduce NOx emissions that may contain high concentrations of N0 2 .
- a medium temperature region approximately 500°F to 750°F
- the SCR catalyst 160 is designed for high N0 2 reduction where required for low load operation.
- the high N0 2 reduction is achieved by utilizing a special high N0 2 SCR catalyst 160.
- One such design is described in US Patent 7,749,938, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- an ammonia injection grid 120 located upstream of the SCR catalyst 160 is designed for both high load and low load flow conditions.
- a conventional SCR catalyst 110 can be used for NOx control in place of the special high N0 2 reduction SCR catalyst 160 if high N0 2 concentrations do not exist.
- additional design and control enhancements may be required to achieve the desired emissions, such as enhanced plant control systems and final stage attemperation. Such equipment and systems are well known, and are therefore not described in detail.
- the exhaust gas from the GT first encounters the high temperature CO catalyst 140 where the CO is first reduced to a lower level based on the design. Once the gas passes through it the gas is cooled through the HP superheater 55 and Reheater 62, and then further cooled through the HP boiler drum tubes 54.
- the catalysts 130, 140, 150 and 160 are designed to operate in this range of exhaust temperature in order to maintain the emissions at the required stack 21 levels.
- the medium temperature CO catalyst 130 will reduce the remaining CO in the gas to permit limits (or a third CO catalyst 150 can be installed).
- the ammonia injection grid 120 then injects ammonia into the gas stream, and the mixture is then carried to the SCR catalyst 160 where the NOx is reduced to permit compliant levels.
- the HP drum 52 pressure is maintained in the higher load range (pressure) in order to maintain the high reaction rates in the emissions catalysts.
- the HP steam circuit is designed and tuned to hold the HP drum 52 pressure up to a point that optimizes the effectiveness of the catalysts in the medium temperature region at lower loads, which is achieved by throttling down on the HP ST inlet control valve.
- the multiple reduction in the CO catalysts attains a very high combined CO reduction rate and maintains the low stack emissions at the very low load operation.
- the specialized NOx catalyst 160 with the enhanced N0 2 destruction, when needed, allows for higher concentration of N0 2 to be reduced to the acceptable range of NOx exiting the stack.
- Table 3B below illustrates one example where stack emissions compliance can be achieved by employing this invention (with a local minimum emissions at 17% GT load in this example). Added layers of catalyst can achieve emissions guaranteed levels from 100% load continuously down to the local minimum.
- Table 3B Stack Exhaust Emissions vs. GT Load, New Technology
- the upstream oxidation (CO) catalyst 140 is located upstream of one or more downstream CO catalysts 130, 150, to make a first reduction of the CO emissions in the exhaust gas stream, as shown in FIG. 2, an additional CO catalyst 150 can be provided upstream of the high temperature CO catalyst 140 in order to provide additional reduction of the CO emissions in the exhaust gas stream if needed.
- an existing GTPP can be retrofitted by adding the additional catalyst(s) 140, 150 aforementioned and/or by replacing an existing SCR (NOx) catalyst 1 10 with a high N0 2 SCR catalyst 160 where necessary.
- aforementioned features of the present invention can used in other plant configuration including but not limited to ST full or partial bypass operation, simple cycle operation, single or double pressure level combined cycles and cogeneration cycles.
- Valve (HP) 57 - for Fig 2 component has added tuned operational range HP Bypass Valve & De-superheater 58
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CN201580014005.2A CN106170659A (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-01-15 | Operate under the conditions of low-load gas turbine generating set |
MX2016009240A MX2016009240A (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-01-15 | Operating a gas turbine power plant at low load conditions. |
EP15736954.7A EP3097353B1 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-01-15 | Operating a gas turbine power plant at low load conditions |
CA2937162A CA2937162C (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-01-15 | Method and apparatus for operating a gas turbine power plant at low load conditions with stack compliant emissions levels |
KR1020167021904A KR20160124100A (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-01-15 | Operating a gas turbine power plant at low load conditions |
JP2016546767A JP6286056B2 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-01-15 | Apparatus and method for operating gas turbine power generation facility under low load condition |
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US201461928897P | 2014-01-17 | 2014-01-17 | |
US61/928,897 | 2014-01-17 | ||
US14/496,835 US20150204241A1 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2014-09-25 | Method and apparatus for operating a gas turbine power plant at low load conditions with stack compliant emissions levels |
US14/496,835 | 2014-09-25 | ||
US14/553,498 US9399927B2 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2014-11-25 | Method and apparatus for operating a gas turbine power plant at low load conditions with stack compliant emissions levels |
US14/553,498 | 2014-11-25 |
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