WO2015106601A1 - 球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置 - Google Patents

球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置 Download PDF

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WO2015106601A1
WO2015106601A1 PCT/CN2014/091997 CN2014091997W WO2015106601A1 WO 2015106601 A1 WO2015106601 A1 WO 2015106601A1 CN 2014091997 W CN2014091997 W CN 2014091997W WO 2015106601 A1 WO2015106601 A1 WO 2015106601A1
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piezoelectric
layer
protective layer
cantilever
bistable
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French (fr)
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姚明辉
李印波
张伟
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Priority claimed from CN201410494118.4A external-priority patent/CN104270032B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410492259.2A external-priority patent/CN104253563B/zh
Application filed by Beijing University of Technology filed Critical Beijing University of Technology
Priority to US14/759,179 priority Critical patent/US9484523B2/en
Publication of WO2015106601A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015106601A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
    • H02N2/188—Vibration harvesters adapted for resonant operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
    • H10N30/304—Beam type
    • H10N30/306—Cantilevers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
    • H10N30/871—Single-layered electrodes of multilayer piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices, e.g. internal electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/88—Mounts; Supports; Enclosures; Casings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a partial bistable cantilever beam piezoelectric generating device with a spherical composite layer, which can effectively collect vibration mechanical energy of the surrounding environment for power generation, and belongs to the field of energy-saving technology and new environmental energy for recycling.
  • the cantilever piezoelectric vibrator has the characteristics of relatively large amplitude and low vibration frequency, and its application is very strong.
  • the Chinese patent (Publication No. CN102790547A) discloses a bistable double cantilever piezoelectric generating device which simultaneously arranges two symmetric bistable piezoelectric cantilever vibrators in one device, thereby effectively increasing the amount of power generation.
  • the Chinese patent (Publication No. CN102790548A) discloses a bistable composite cantilever beam piezoelectric generating device, which has eight bistable piezoelectric vibrator structures arranged on a cylinder, which effectively increases the amount of power generation.
  • U.S. Patent Publication No. WO2010151738A3 discloses a bistable piezoelectric cantilever beam generator that effectively broadens the resonant frequency band of the cantilever beam, but the degree of bandwidth expansion is not very large.
  • the present invention provides a spherical composite interlayer bistable cantilever beam piezoelectric power generation device.
  • the introduction of twenty-five piezoelectric vibrators in a very small space and the partial separation between the piezoelectric layer and the base layer can effectively increase the amount of power generation, reduce the volume of the power generating device, and make it more complex in the development of micro-electromechanical.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a spherical composite inter-layer partially separated bistable cantilever beam piezoelectric generating device, the device comprising a beam 12 and a casing 14; the casing 14 is spherical and bottom A circular opening is cut; the beam 12 and the housing 14 are each fixed to the base.
  • the beam frame 12 includes a support rod 13, a fixed ball 15, and a piezoelectric cantilever beam 16; the fixed ball 15 is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16; the support rod 13 supports the fixed ball 15, and the support rod 13 is fixedly connected with the fixed ball 15; The vibration of 12 causes deformation of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16.
  • the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 When the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 is deformed, electric energy is generated by the piezoelectric effect; the number of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 is twenty-five, divided into four layers, the first layer There is one, the second, third, and fourth layers are each distributed eight, and the piezoelectric cantilever beams 16 are uniformly and annularly distributed; the support rods 13 are the support structures of the beams 12, and the support rods 13 are disposed at On the fixed ball 15 symmetrical to the first layer of the piezoelectric cantilever 16, the support rod 13 is fixedly attached to the fixed ball 15 through a circular opening at the bottom of the housing 14.
  • the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 and the permanent magnet constitute a bistable piezoelectric cantilever structure;
  • the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 includes a first protective layer 1, a lead 2, a first piezoelectric layer 3, a base layer 4, a second protective layer 7, and a first a second piezoelectric layer 8 and an electrode 9;
  • the interlayer connection relationship is a first protective layer 1, a first piezoelectric layer 3, a base layer 4, a second protective layer 7, and a second piezoelectric layer 8, respectively
  • the layers are glued together; the first protective layer 1 and the first piezoelectric layer 3 are completely bonded together, and the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the base layer 7 are separated at the ends, and the separation length is the first piezoelectric layer 3 1/5 to 1/2 of the length, the second protective layer 8 and the second piezoelectric layer 9 are completely pasted together, and the second piezoelectric layer 9 and the base layer 7 are separated at the ends, and the separation length is the total length of the
  • a surface of the first protective layer 1 at the end of the piezoelectric cantilever 16 is pasted with a first mass 10, and a surface of the second protective layer 7 is pasted with a second mass 11; 9 is provided with a lead 2, and the lead 2 is taken out from the electrode 9.
  • the electric charge generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric cantilever 16 is collected on the electrode 9, and the lead 2 leads the electric charge in the electrode 9 to form a current.
  • the permanent magnet includes a first permanent magnet 5 and a second permanent magnet 6.
  • the first permanent magnet 5 is pasted on the fixed side of the first mass 10 away from the cantilever beam, and the second permanent magnet 6 is placed opposite the first permanent magnet 5.
  • the first permanent magnet 5 and the second permanent magnet 6 are rectangular magnets and are mutually repellent; the second permanent magnet 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the casing 14.
  • the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 has a symmetrical structure, and the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 7 have the same length and the same width, and the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the second piezoelectric layer 8 have the same length and the same width;
  • the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the base layer 4 have the same length and the same width for the purpose of facilitating the bonding and obtaining a large piezoelectric area; the length and width of the first protective layer 1 are larger than the first piezoelectric layer. 3.
  • the purpose is to enable the protective layer to wrap the piezoelectric layer and the base layer 4 to form a closed structure; the parameters of the two bistable piezoelectric cantilever structures symmetrically arranged are identical, and the adjacently arranged bistable piezoelectric cantilever structure
  • the parameters of the nine piezoelectric cantilever beams 16 of the first and third layers are equal and equal in length; the sixteen piezoelectric cantilever beams 16 of the second and fourth layers are equal in width and equal in length;
  • First and second The piezoelectric cantilever beams 16 of the layers have different widths and different lengths, and the purpose is to obtain a large bandwidth for vibration.
  • the eight bistable piezoelectric cantilever oscillators on the same plane are connected in series, and the bistable piezoelectric cantilever oscillators on different planes are connected in parallel.
  • the piezoelectric generating device vibrates, the first protective layer, the first piezoelectric layer, the second protective layer, and the second piezoelectric layer both vibrate together with the base layer, and move to the maximum displacement at the base layer, the first protective layer, The first piezoelectric layer, the second protective layer, and the second piezoelectric layer continue to move for a distance, so that the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer may undergo secondary deformation, and there will be a difference between the two deformations. Coupling, secondary deformation and coupling can greatly increase the amount of power generated.
  • the invention comprises twenty-five piezoelectric vibrator structures, and the piezoelectric cantilever beams are connected in series in the same plane, and the piezoelectric cantilever beams in different planes are connected in parallel, which can widen the effective bandwidth and significantly increase the power generation.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view showing the structure of a bistable piezoelectric cantilever in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a three-dimensional structure of a partially bistable cantilever beam piezoelectric power generation device for a spherical composite layer according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of the partially separated bistable cantilever piezoelectric actuator of the spherical composite layer of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the partially bistable cantilever beam piezoelectric power generator of the spherical composite layer of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of the beam structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the structure of the casing in the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the action of repulsive force between the first and second permanent magnets in the same bistable piezoelectric cantilever structure
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing voltage-frequency response curves of different separation lengths and unseparated structures of a piezoelectric generating structure in which a single piezoelectric vibrator in a third layer of the present invention is separated from a first piezoelectric layer and a base layer by lateral external excitation.
  • FIG. 9 is a piezoelectric power generation structure in which a single piezoelectric vibrator in a third layer of the present invention is separated from a first piezoelectric layer and a base layer by lateral external excitation, and a piezoelectric power generation structure in which a second piezoelectric layer and a base layer are separated from each other. Voltage frequency response curve.
  • the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the base layer 7 are separated by a piezoelectric frequency response curve having a length of 23 mm;
  • a voltage-frequency response curve of a piezoelectric vibrator structure that is not separated by a piezoelectric layer and a base layer;
  • the first piezoelectric layer and the base layer are separated by a length of 23 mm and the second piezoelectric layer and the base layer A voltage frequency response curve with a length of 23 mm was separated.
  • the first piezoelectric layer and the base layer are separated by a length of 23 mm and the second piezoelectric layer and the base layer are separated by a length of 23 mm and the upper side mass is reduced by half.
  • the lower side also pastes the voltage-frequency response curve of the same mass as the upper side.
  • the spherical composite layer partially separates the bistable cantilever beam piezoelectric generating device, and the device comprises a beam 12 and a casing 14; the casing 14 is spherical and has a circular opening at the bottom.
  • the beam 12 and the housing 14 are each fixed to the base.
  • the beam frame 12 includes a support rod 13, a fixed ball 15, and a piezoelectric cantilever beam 16; the fixed ball 15 is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16; the support rod 13 supports the fixed ball 15, and the support rod 13 is fixedly connected with the fixed ball 15; 12 is the core structure of the present invention, the vibration of the beam 12 causes deformation of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16, and the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 generates electric energy due to the piezoelectric effect when the deformation occurs; the number of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 is twenty-five.
  • the first layer is one
  • the second, third and fourth layers are each distributed eight
  • the piezoelectric cantilever beams 16 are uniformly and annularly distributed between the layers
  • the support rods 13 are beams
  • the support structure of the frame 12, the support rod 13 is disposed on a fixed ball 15 symmetrical to the piezoelectric cantilever 16 of the first layer, and the support rod 13 is fixedly coupled to the fixed ball 15 through a circular opening at the bottom of the housing 14.
  • the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 and the permanent magnet constitute a bistable piezoelectric cantilever structure;
  • the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 includes a first protective layer 1, a lead 2, a first piezoelectric layer 3, a base layer 4, a second protective layer 7, and a first a second piezoelectric layer 8 and an electrode 9;
  • the interlayer connection relationship is a first protective layer 1, a first piezoelectric layer 3, a base layer 4, a second protective layer 7, and a second piezoelectric layer 8, respectively
  • the layers are glued together; the first protective layer 1 and the first piezoelectric layer 3 are completely bonded together, and the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the base layer 7 are separated at the ends, and the separation length is the first piezoelectric layer 3 1/5 to 1/2 of the length, the second protective layer 8 and the second piezoelectric layer 9 are completely pasted together, and the second piezoelectric layer 9 and the base layer 7 are separated at the ends, and the separation length is the total length of the
  • a surface of the first protective layer 1 at the end of the piezoelectric cantilever 16 is pasted with a first mass 10, and a surface of the second protective layer 7 is pasted with a second mass 11; 9 is provided with a lead 2, and the lead 2 is taken out from the electrode 9.
  • the electric charge generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric cantilever 16 is collected on the electrode 9, and the lead 2 leads the electric charge in the electrode 9 to form a current.
  • the permanent magnet includes a first permanent magnet 5 and a second permanent magnet 6.
  • the first permanent magnet 5 is pasted on the fixed side of the first mass 10 away from the cantilever beam, and the second permanent magnet 6 is placed opposite the first permanent magnet 5.
  • the first permanent magnet 5 and the second permanent magnet 6 are rectangular magnets and are mutually repellent; the second permanent magnet 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the casing 14.
  • the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 has a symmetrical structure, and the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 7 have the same length and the same width, and the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the second piezoelectric layer 8 have the same length and the same width;
  • the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the base layer 4 have the same length and the same width for the purpose of facilitating the bonding and obtaining a large piezoelectric area; the length and width of the first protective layer 1 are larger than the first piezoelectric layer. 3.
  • the purpose is to enable the protective layer to wrap the piezoelectric layer and the base layer 4 to form a closed structure; the parameters of the two bistable piezoelectric cantilever structures symmetrically arranged are identical, and the adjacently arranged bistable piezoelectric cantilever structure
  • the parameters of the nine piezoelectric cantilever beams 16 of the first and third layers are equal and equal in length; the sixteen piezoelectric cantilever beams 16 of the second and fourth layers are equal in width and equal in length;
  • First and second The piezoelectric cantilever beams 16 of the layers have different widths and different lengths, and the purpose is to obtain a large bandwidth for vibration.
  • the eight bistable piezoelectric cantilever oscillators on the same plane are connected in series, and the bistable piezoelectric cantilever oscillators on different planes are connected in parallel.
  • the material of the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 7 is polyester; the piezoelectric material in the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the second piezoelectric layer 8 is selected from one of PVDF and piezoelectric fiber composite materials.
  • the material of the base layer 4 is one of brass, copper, steel, aluminum and aluminum alloy; the size of the piezoelectric cantilever 16 and the size of the first permanent magnet 5 and the second permanent magnet 6 and The distance between them can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
  • the piezoelectric generating device vibrates, the beam 12 and the structure fixed to the beam and the casing 14 vibrate, and the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 generates a relatively large amplitude, and the piezoelectric cantilever beam 16 is deformed to cause deformation.
  • the piezoelectric layer is also deformed, and the piezoelectric layer is polarized when it is deformed.
  • the positive and negative charges are separated and adhered to the two faces of the piezoelectric layer, respectively, and the lead 2 leads to form a current.
  • the first protective layer 1, the first piezoelectric layer 3, the second protective layer 7, and the second piezoelectric layer 8 vibrate together with the base layer 4, and move to the maximum displacement at the base layer 4, A protective layer 1, the first piezoelectric layer 3, the second protective layer 7, and the second piezoelectric layer 8 continue to move for a distance, so that the first piezoelectric layer 3 and the second piezoelectric layer 8 may undergo secondary deformation. There is a coupling between the two deformations, and the secondary coupling deformation greatly increases the amount of power generation. It is experimentally verified that for a single piezoelectric cantilever structure, the interlayer separation structure is relatively separated from the structure without separation. The effective working frequency domain has been increased by five times, and the effective power generation has increased tenfold.
  • the working frequency domain width of the partially bistable cantilever beam piezoelectric power generation device of the spherical composite layer of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the conventional composite piezoelectric cantilever beam structure.
  • the spherical composite interlayer bistable cantilever piezoelectric generating device of the present invention can be used for MEMS products such as wireless sensor nodes, aircraft and satellite components.

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Abstract

球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，包括梁架（12）、壳体（14）；壳体（14）为圆球形，底部切有圆形开口；梁架（12）和壳体（14）各自固定在基座上；梁架（12）的振动会引起压电悬臂梁（16）的变形，压电悬臂梁（16）发生形变时会因压电效应产生电能；压电悬臂梁（16）的数量为二十五个，分在四个层面上，各层上的各压电悬臂梁呈均匀、环形分布；压电悬臂梁（16）末端压电层与基层之间局部分离，分离的一端为非固定的一端；利用局部分离造成的压电层与基层运动的不完全独立性，使压电悬臂梁振子发生二次耦合形变，具有非常低的谐振频率和大的振幅，所以产生的电量也相对较多。所述发电装置包含二十五个压电振子结构，而且同一平面内相邻的悬臂梁（16）的长度不同，能形成较宽的共振频域、大幅度增加发电量。

Description

球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，可有效收集周围环境的振动机械能进行发电，属于节能技术及再生环保新能源领域。
背景技术
随着微电子和无线网络的快速发展，从环境中捕获能量为低功耗设备供电或为蓄电池供电已成为迫切的需求；传统电池供电具有一系列的弊端，比如寿命短、需要定期更换、污染环境等；无论哪一条弊端都严重影响微电子技术的发展；因此，利用环境振动产生能量为电子设备供电是很有必要的。
悬臂式压电振子具有振幅相对较大，振动频率低等特点，其应用性非常强。中国专利(公开号CN102790547A)公开了一种双稳态双悬臂梁压电发电装置，该发明在一个装置内同时布置了两个对称的双稳态压电悬臂振子，有效的提高了发电量。中国专利(公开号CN102790548A)公开了一种双稳态复合悬臂梁压电发电装置，该发明在圆柱体上布置了八个双稳态压电振子结构，有效的提高了发电量。美国专利(公开号WO2010151738A3)公开了一种双稳态压电悬臂梁发电装置，有效拓宽了悬臂梁的共振频带，但带宽拓展的程度并不是很大。
发明内容
为了有效地拓宽压电发电装置的有效频域，使其带宽增大、共振频率降低、电压增大，本发明提供了一种球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，通过在极小的空间内引入二十五个压电振子，并使压电层与基层之间局部分离，可有效增大发电量，减小发电装置的体积，使之更复合微机电的发展。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，该装置包括梁架12、壳体14；所述壳体14为圆球形，底部切有圆形开口；梁架12和壳体14各自固定在基座上。
梁架12包括支撑杆13、固定球15、压电悬臂梁16；固定球15与压电悬臂梁16固定连接；支撑杆13支撑固定球15，支撑杆13与固定球15固定连接；梁架12的振动会引起压电悬臂梁16的变形，压电悬臂梁16发生形变时会因压电效应产生电能；压电悬臂梁16的数量为二十五个，共分四层，第一层是一个，第二、第三、第四层各均布八个，所述各层间压电悬臂梁16呈均匀、环形分布；支撑杆13为梁架12的支撑结构，支撑杆13设置在与第一层的压电悬臂梁16相对称的固定球15上，支撑杆13通过壳体14底部的圆形开口固定连接在固定球15上。
压电悬臂梁16、永久磁铁组成双稳态压电悬臂振子结构；压电悬臂梁16包括第一保护层1、引线2、第一压电层3、基层4、第二保护层7、第二压电层8、电极9；其中，层间连接关系依次为第一保护层1、第一压电层3、基层4、第二保护层7、第二压电层8，各 层之间为胶粘贴合；所述第一保护层1和第一压电层3完全粘贴在一起，第一压电层3和基层7末端分离，分离长度为第一压电层3总长度的1/5至1/2，第二保护层8和第二压电层9完全粘贴在一起，第二压电层9和基层7末端分离，分离长度为第二压电层9总长度的1/5至1/2；所述压电悬臂梁16末端第一保护层1表面粘贴有一个第一质量块10，第二保护层7表面粘贴有一个第二质量块11；所述电极9设有引线2，引线2从电极9引出，压电悬臂梁16变形产生的电荷会聚集在电极9上，引线2引出电极9中的电荷形成电流。
永久磁铁包括第一永久磁铁5、第二永久磁铁6，第一质量块10远离悬臂梁固定端一侧粘贴有第一永久磁铁5，与第一永久磁铁5相对放置的是第二永久磁铁6；所述第一永久磁铁5和第二永久磁铁6为矩形磁铁且相互排斥放置；所述第二永久磁铁5固定在壳体14内壁上。
所述压电悬臂梁16是对称结构，第一保护层1、第二保护层7的长度相等、宽度相等，第一压电层3、第二压电层8的长度相等、宽度相等；所述第一压电层3、基层4的长度相同、宽度相同，目的是便于贴合，并且获得较大的压电面积；所述第一保护层1的长度和宽度均大于第一压电层3，目的是使保护层能够包裹压电层和基层4，形成封闭结构；相互对称布置的两个双稳态压电悬臂振子结构的参数一致，相邻布置的双稳态压电悬臂振子结构的参数不同；所述第一、三层的九个压电悬臂梁16的宽度相等、长度相等；所述第二、四层的十六个压电悬臂梁16的宽度相等、长度相等；所述第一、二 层的压电悬臂梁16的宽度不同、长度不同，目的是为了振动时获得较大的频宽。
所述同一平面上的八个双稳态压电悬臂振子串联连接，不同平面上的双稳态压电悬臂振子并联连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、当压电发电装置振动时，第一保护层、第一压电层、第二保护层、第二压电层都会和基层一起振动，在基层运动到最大位移处，第一保护层、第一压电层、第二保护层、第二压电层会继续运动一段距离，因而第一压电层、第二压电层会产生二次形变现象，且这两次形变之间会有耦合作用，二次形变和耦合作用都能够极大的增大发电量。
2、本发明包含二十五个压电振子结构，而且同一平面内压电悬臂梁串联，不同平面内的压电悬臂梁并联，既能够拓宽有效频宽又能够明显增大发电量。
3、将二十五个压电振子结构固定在同一个球面上，可以有效的降低压电发电装置的体积，更适合微机电产品的发展需求。
附图说明
图1是本发明中双稳态压电悬臂振子结构的主视图；
图2是本发明球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置的立体结构示意图；
图3是本发明球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置的仰视图；
图4是本发明球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置的主视图；
图5是本发明中梁架结构的立体结构示意图；
图6是本发明中壳体结构的立体结构示意图；
图7是同一个双稳态压电悬臂振子结构中第一、第二永久磁铁间排斥力作用示意图；
图8是本发明中第三层中的单个压电振子在横向外激励作用下针对第一压电层与基层分离的压电发电结构不同分离长度以及未分离结构的电压频率响应曲线。
图9是本发明中第三层中的单个压电振子在横向外激励作用下针对第一压电层与基层分离的压电发电结构以及第二压电层与基层分离的压电发电结构的电压频率响应曲线。
图中：1、第一保护层；2、引线；3、第一压电层；4、基层；5、第一永久磁铁；6、第二永久磁块；7、第二保护层；8、第二压电层；9、电极；10、第一质量块；11、第二质量块；12、梁架；13、支撑杆；14、壳体；15、固定球；16、压电悬臂梁；
17、第一压电层3和基层7分离长度23mm的压电频率响应曲线；
18、第一压电层和基层分离长度23mm的电压频率响应曲线；
19、由压电层和基层未分离的压电振子结构的电压频率响应曲线；
20、第一压电层和基层分离长度23mm并且第二压电层和基层 分离长度23mm的电压频率响应曲线。
21、第一压电层和基层分离长度23mm以及第二压电层和基层分离长度23mm并且上侧的质量块减小一半下侧也粘贴与上侧相同质量块的电压频率响应曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细地描述。
如图1-9所示，球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，该装置包括梁架12、壳体14；所述壳体14为圆球形，底部切有圆形开口；梁架12和壳体14各自固定在基座上。
梁架12包括支撑杆13、固定球15、压电悬臂梁16；固定球15与压电悬臂梁16固定连接；支撑杆13支撑固定球15，支撑杆13与固定球15固定连接；梁架12是本发明的核心结构，梁架12的振动会引起压电悬臂梁16的变形，压电悬臂梁16发生形变时会因压电效应产生电能；压电悬臂梁16的数量为二十五个，共分四层，第一层是一个，第二、第三、第四层各均布八个，所述各层间压电悬臂梁16间呈均匀、环形分布；支撑杆13为梁架12的支撑结构，支撑杆13设置在与第一层的压电悬臂梁16相对称的固定球15上，支撑杆13通过壳体14底部的圆形开口固定连接在固定球15上。
压电悬臂梁16、永久磁铁组成双稳态压电悬臂振子结构；压电悬臂梁16包括第一保护层1、引线2、第一压电层3、基层4、第二保护层7、第二压电层8、电极9；其中，层间连接关系依次为第一保护层1、第一压电层3、基层4、第二保护层7、第二压电层8，各 层之间为胶粘贴合；所述第一保护层1和第一压电层3完全粘贴在一起，第一压电层3和基层7末端分离，分离长度为第一压电层3总长度的1/5至1/2，第二保护层8和第二压电层9完全粘贴在一起，第二压电层9和基层7末端分离，分离长度为第二压电层9总长度的1/5至1/2；所述压电悬臂梁16末端第一保护层1表面粘贴有一个第一质量块10，第二保护层7表面粘贴有一个第二质量块11；所述电极9设有引线2，引线2从电极9引出，压电悬臂梁16变形产生的电荷会聚集在电极9上，引线2引出电极9中的电荷形成电流。
永久磁铁包括第一永久磁铁5、第二永久磁铁6，第一质量块10远离悬臂梁固定端一侧粘贴有第一永久磁铁5，与第一永久磁铁5相对放置的是第二永久磁铁6；所述第一永久磁铁5和第二永久磁铁6为矩形磁铁且相互排斥放置；所述第二永久磁铁5固定在壳体14内壁上。
所述压电悬臂梁16是对称结构，第一保护层1、第二保护层7的长度相等、宽度相等，第一压电层3、第二压电层8的长度相等、宽度相等；所述第一压电层3、基层4的长度相同、宽度相同，目的是便于贴合，并且获得较大的压电面积；所述第一保护层1的长度和宽度均大于第一压电层3，目的是使保护层能够包裹压电层和基层4，形成封闭结构；相互对称布置的两个双稳态压电悬臂振子结构的参数一致，相邻布置的双稳态压电悬臂振子结构的参数不同；所述第一、三层的九个压电悬臂梁16的宽度相等、长度相等；所述第二、四层的十六个压电悬臂梁16的宽度相等、长度相等；所述第一、二 层的压电悬臂梁16的宽度不同、长度不同，目的是为了振动时获得较大的频宽。
所述同一平面上的八个双稳态压电悬臂振子串联连接，不同平面上的双稳态压电悬臂振子并联连接。
所述第一保护层1和第二保护层7的材料为聚酯；所述第一压电层3和第二压电层8中压电材料选用PVDF和压电纤维复合材料中的一种；所述基层4的材料为黄铜、紫铜、钢、铝和铝合金中的一种；所述压电悬臂梁16的尺寸以及第一永久磁铁5和第二永久磁铁6的大小及其之间的距离，可随实际情况进行调整。
当压电发电装置振动时，梁架12及固定在梁架上的结构以及壳体14均产生振动，压电悬臂梁16会产生相对较大的振幅，压电悬臂梁16运动产生变形会使得其中的压电层也产生变形，压电层变形时产生极化现象，正负电荷分离，分别附着在压电层的两个面上，由引线2引出形成电流。
当压电发电装置振动时，第一保护层1、第一压电层3、第二保护层7、第二压电层8都会和基层4一起振动，在基层4运动到最大位移处，第一保护层1、第一压电层3、第二保护层7、第二压电层8会继续运动一段距离，因而第一压电层3、第二压电层8会产生二次形变现象，且这两次形变之间会有耦合作用，二次耦合形变极大的提高了发电量，经实验验证：针对单一压电悬臂振子结构，层间局部分离结构相对于没有分离的结构，其有效工作频域提高了五倍，有效发电量提高了十倍。
综上所述，本发明球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置的工作频域宽，发电效率和单位时间的发电量较普通复合型压电悬臂梁结构明显提高。
本发明球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置可用于微机电产品，如无线传感器节点、飞行器及卫星元器件等。

Claims (5)

  1. 球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，其特征在于：该装置包括梁架(12)、壳体(14)；所述壳体(14)为圆球形，底部切有圆形开口；梁架(12)和壳体(14)各自固定在基座上；
    梁架(12)包括支撑杆(13)、固定球(15)、压电悬臂梁(16)；固定球(15)与压电悬臂梁(16)固定连接；支撑杆(13)支撑固定球(15)，支撑杆(13)与固定球(15)固定连接；压电悬臂梁(16)的数量为二十五个，共分四层，第一层是一个，第二、第三、第四层各均布八个，所述各层间压电悬臂梁(16)间呈均匀、环形分布；支撑杆(13)为梁架(12)的支撑结构，支撑杆(13)设置在与第一层的压电悬臂梁(16)相对称的固定球(15)上，支撑杆(13)通过壳体(14)底部的圆形开口固定连接在固定球(15)上；
    压电悬臂梁(16)、永久磁铁组成双稳态压电悬臂振子结构；压电悬臂梁(16)包括第一保护层(1)、引线(2)、第一压电层(3)、基层(4)、第二保护层(7)、第二压电层(8)、电极(9)；其中，层间连接关系依次为第一保护层(1)、第一压电层(3)、基层(4)、第二保护层(7)、第二压电层(8)，各层之间为胶粘贴合；所述第一保护层(1)和第一压电层(3)完全粘贴在一起，第一压电层(3)和基层(7)末端分离，第二保护层(8)和第二压电层(9)完全粘贴在一起，第二压电层(9)和基层(7)末端分离，分离长度为第二压电层(9)总长度的1/5至1/2；所述压电悬臂梁(16)末端第一保护层(1)表面粘贴有一个第一质量块(10)，第二保护层(7)表面粘贴有一个第二质量块(11)；所述电极(9)设有引线(2)，引线(2) 从电极(9)引出，压电悬臂梁(16)变形产生的电荷会聚集在电极(9)上，引线(2)引出电极(9)中的电荷形成电流；
    永久磁铁包括第一永久磁铁(5)、第二永久磁铁(6)，第一质量块(10)远离悬臂梁固定端一侧粘贴有第一永久磁铁(5)，与第一永久磁铁(5)相对放置的是第二永久磁铁(6)；所述第一永久磁铁(5)和第二永久磁铁(6)为矩形磁铁且相互排斥放置；所述第二永久磁铁(5)固定在壳体(14)内壁上。
    所述压电悬臂梁(16)是对称结构，第一保护层(1)、第二保护层(7)的长度相等、宽度相等，第一压电层(3)、第二压电层(8)的长度相等、宽度相等；所述第一压电层(3)、基层(4)的长度相同、宽度相同，目的是便于贴合，并且获得较大的压电面积；所述第一保护层(1)的长度和宽度均大于第一压电层(3)；相互对称布置的两个双稳态压电悬臂振子结构的参数一致，相邻布置的双稳态压电悬臂振子结构的参数不同；所述第一、三层的九个压电悬臂梁(16)的宽度相等、长度相等；所述第二、四层的十六个压电悬臂梁(16)的宽度相等、长度相等；所述第一、二层的压电悬臂梁(16)的宽度不同、长度不同；
    所述同一平面上的八个双稳态压电悬臂振子串联连接，不同平面上的双稳态压电悬臂振子并联连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，其特征在于：所述压电悬臂梁(16)末端第一保护层(1)与第一压电层(2)的分离长度以及第二保护层(7)与第二压 电层(8)的分离长度均为第一压电层(3)总长度的1/5至1/2。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，其特征在于：所述第一保护层(1)和第二保护层(7)的材料为聚酯；所述第一压电层(3)和第二压电层(8)中压电材料为PVDF材料和压电纤维复合材料中的一种；所述基层(4)的材料为黄铜、紫铜、钢、铝和铝合金中的一种；所述压电悬臂梁(16)的尺寸以及第一永久磁铁(5)和第二永久磁铁(6)的大小及其之间的距离，可随实际情况进行调整。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，其特征在于：当压电发电装置振动时，梁架(16)及固定在梁架上的结构以及壳体(14)均产生振动，压电悬臂梁(16)会产生相对较大的振幅，压电悬臂梁(16)运动产生变形会使得其中的压电层也产生变形，压电层变形时产生极化现象，正负电荷分离，分别附着在压电层的两个面上，由引线(2)引出形成电流。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的球面复合层间部分分离双稳态悬臂梁压电发电装置，其特征在于：当压电发电装置振动时，第一保护层(1)、第一压电层(3)、第二保护层(7)、第二压电层(8)都会和基层(4)一起振动，在基层(4)运动到最大位移处，第一保护层(1)、第一压电层(3)、第二保护层(7)、第二压电层(8)会继续运动一段距离，因而第一压电层(3)、第二压电层(8)会产生二次形变现象，且这两次形变之间会有耦合作用。
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