WO2015099599A1 - A method of braking a vehicle towards stop - Google Patents
A method of braking a vehicle towards stop Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015099599A1 WO2015099599A1 PCT/SE2014/051569 SE2014051569W WO2015099599A1 WO 2015099599 A1 WO2015099599 A1 WO 2015099599A1 SE 2014051569 W SE2014051569 W SE 2014051569W WO 2015099599 A1 WO2015099599 A1 WO 2015099599A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- planetary gear
- electrical machine
- drive system
- output shaft
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 244000221110 common millet Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/34—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the absence of energy storing means
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- Y10S903/945—Characterized by control of gearing, e.g. control of transmission ratio
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the control of a vehicle according to the preamble to claim 1 .
- the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, focused on the performance of such a method in motor vehicles in the form of wheeled commercial vehicles, especially heavy goods vehicles, such as trucks and buses.
- the invention thus relates to a method carried out in a purely electrically powered vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, which, generally, is a vehicle that may be powered by a primary engine, e.g. a combustion engine, and a secondary engine, such as at least one electrical machine.
- a primary engine e.g. a combustion engine
- a secondary engine such as at least one electrical machine.
- the vehicle is suitably, but for the purposes of the present invention not necessarily, equipped with means for storage of electric energy, such as a battery or a ca- pacitor for storage of electric energy, and control equipment to control the flow of electric energy between the means and the electrical machine.
- the electrical machine(s) may in such a case alternately operate as an engine or as a generator, depending on the vehicle's operating mode. When the vehicle decelerates, the electrical machine generates energy that may be stored, and the stored electric energy is used later for e.g. operation of the vehicle.
- a conventional clutch mechanism which disconnects the gearbox's input shaft from an combustion engine, where avail- able, during a shifting process in the gearbox entails disadvantages, such as heating of the clutch mechanism's discs, which results in an increased fuel consumption and wear of the clutch discs. There are also large losses as a result, in particular when the vehicle is started.
- a conventional clutch mechanism is also relatively heavy and costly. It also occupies a relatively large space in the vehicle. Friction losses also arise at the use of a hydraulic converter/torque converter commonly used in automatic transmission.
- the objective of the present invention is to show a method of the type defined above, which is in line with the above-mentioned endeavour.
- This objective is achieved according to the invention by providing a method according to the enclosed claim 1 .
- the desired braking torque is distributed between the first and the second electrical machines, and the control of the first and second electrical machines is implemented in order to apply a total torque on the output shaft to the planetary gear, corresponding to the increased braking torque at least to a predetermined low speed limit, before the vehicle stops, the braking torque may usually be achieved without any requirement for shifting gears during the deceleration. Since gear shifting is avoided, no braking energy is lost due to torque from an electrical machine being ramped down to prepare for a gear shift.
- control is implemented on a vehicle, whose drive system also comprises a com- bustion engine, which at the performance of the method has an output shaft connected with the second electrical machine's rotor, wherein, in step b) the first and second electrical machine is controlled when a certain value of the vehicle's speed is not met, so that torque balance is achieved in the planetary gear, while simultaneously the total torque transmitted to said output shaft of the planetary gear corresponds to the desired braking torque, and wherein the method also comprises the steps: c) moving the first locking means to a release position, when said torque balance prevails in the planetary gear, and d) controlling the com- bustion engine and/or the second electrical machine towards a predetermined rotational speed.
- Substantially the same total braking torque may then be maintained when the planetary gear has been unlocked , and the combustion engine is controlled to said predetermined engine speed , e.g . the combustion engine's idling speed, or when it has been turned off . Therefore, it is often advantageous to brake in one and the same gear the whole way, until the vehicle stops. Accordingly, the fraction of braking energy that may be regenerated with a hybrid system is greatly increased.
- a vehicle is controlled, which has a drive system comprising a second locking means that may be moved between a position in which the combustion engine's output shaft is locked together with the second electrical machine's rotor and said first component, and a release position in which the combustion engine's output shaft is disconnected from the second electrical machine's rotor and said first component, and is allowed to rotate independently of these, the second locking means being in said locked position when the method is carried out.
- a vehicle is controlled, which has a drive system comprising a second locking means that may be moved between a position in which the combustion engine's output shaft is locked together with the second electrical machine's rotor and said first component, and a release position in which the combustion engine's output shaft is disconnected from the second electrical machine's rotor and said first component, and is allowed to rotate independently of these, the second locking means being in said locked position when the method is carried out.
- Such second locking means facilitates the disconnection of the combustion engine from the planetary gear, when the vehicle is powered purely electrically.
- the method is implemented for a vehicle with a drive system that has at least one said controllable energy consumer in the form of a braking resistor.
- a braking resistor is a power resistor with suitable power electronics, entailing that consumed power may be con- trollably varied and adjusted continuously.
- a braking resistor is connected the same way as an energy storage means.
- the method is carried out in a vehicle with a said drive system, in which the planetary gear's sun wheel is said first component and the ring gear is said third component.
- the method is implemented in a vehicle with a gearbox having an input shaft, which is connected with said second output shaft in the planetary gear.
- the combustion engine may be started without any torque interruption, and with a potential for the driver of the vehicle to maintain or change the torque transmitted to the vehicle's powertrain.
- the invention also relates to a computer program with the features listed in claim 7, a computer program product with the fea- tures listed in claim 8, and an electronic control device with the features listed in claim 9.
- Fig. 1 is a very simplified view of a powertrain in a vehicle that may be equipped with a drive system for the performance of a method according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a more detailed, but still simplified view of a part of said drive system, is a simplified view, illustrating the general structure of a drive system in a vehicle, for which a method according to one embodiment of the invention is carried out,
- Fig. 4 is a simplified view, illustrating the general structure of another drive system in a vehicle, for which a method according to one embodiment of the invention is carried out,
- Fig. 5 is a simplified view, illustrating the general structure of another drive system in a vehicle, for which a method according to one embodiment of the invention is carried out,
- Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing a method according to one embodi ment of the invention, and is a fundamental diagram of an electronic control device for implementation of one or several methods according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a powertrain for a heavy goods vehicle 1 .
- the pow- ertrain comprises a combustion engine 2, a power transmission 3 in the form of for example a speed gearbox, a continuously variable transmission (CVT) , or a direct transmission, a nu mber of driving shafts 4 and driving wheels 5.
- the powertrain comprises an intermediate section 6.
- Fig. 2 shows a part of the components in the intermediate section 6 in more detail , more specifically those which also occur in prior art drive systems, such as the one according to SE 536 329.
- the combustion engine 2 is equipped with an output shaft 2a and the gearbox 3 with an input shaft 3a in the intermediate section 6.
- the output shaft 2a of the combus- tion engine is coaxially arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox.
- the combustion engine's output shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox are rotatably arranged around a common rotation axis 7.
- the intermediate section 6 comprises a house 8, enclosing a first electrical machine 9 and a planetary gear.
- the electrical machine 9 comprises, in a customary manner, a stator 9a and a rotor 9b.
- the stator 9a comprises a stator- core which is fixed in a suitable manner on the inside of the house 8.
- the stator core comprises the stator's windings.
- the first electrical machine 9 is adapted, under certain operating cir- cumstances, to use stored electrical energy to supply driving force to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox and under other operating conditions, to use the kinetic energy of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox to extract and store electric energy.
- the planetary gear is arranged substantially radially inside of the electrical machine's stator 9a and rotor 9b.
- the planetary gear comprises, in a customary manner, a sun wheel 1 0, a ring gear
- the planetary wheel carrier 1 1 1 and a planetary wheel carrier 1 2.
- the planetary wheel car- rier 1 2 supports a nu mber of cogwheels 1 3, which are rotatably ar- ranged in a radial space between the teeth of the sun wheel 1 0 and the ring gear 1 1 .
- the sun wheel 1 0 is fixed on a peripheral surface of the combustion engine's output shaft 2a.
- the sun wheel 1 0 and the combustion engine's output shaft 2a rotate as one unit with a first rotational speed n ⁇
- the planetary wheel car- rier 1 2 comprises an attachment section 1 2a, which is attached on a peripheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gearbox with the help of a splines-joint 1 4.
- the planetary wheel carrier 1 2 and the gearbox's input shaft 3a may rotate as one unit with a second rotational speed n 2 .
- the ring gear 1 1 comprises an external peripheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted.
- the rotor 9b and the ring gear 1 1 constitute one rotatable unit which rotates at a third rotational speed n 3 .
- the drive system comprises a first locking means since the combustion engine's output shaft 2a is equipped with a shiftable clutch element 1 5.
- the clutch element 1 5 is mounted on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a with the help of a splines- joint 1 6.
- the clutch element 1 5 is in this case arranged in a twist- fast manner on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a, and is shiftably arranged in an axial direction on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a.
- the clutch element 1 5 comprises a clutch section 1 5a, which is connectible with a clutch section 1 2b in the planetary wheel carrier 1 2.
- a schematically displayed shifting element 1 7 is adapted to shift the clutch element 1 5 between a first position where the clutch sections 1 5a, 1 2b are not in engagement with each other, corresponding to a release position in the first locking means, and a second position where the clutch sections 1 5a, 1 2b are in engagement with each other, corre- sponding to a locked position of the first locking means.
- the locking mechanism may also advantageously have the design described in the Swedish patent application SE 536 559, and comprise a sleeve equipped with first splines, which engage, in the release position , with second splines on a first component of the planetary gear, and in the locked position, engage with third splines on a second component of the planetary gear.
- the first component is preferably the planetary wheel carrier and the second component is the sun wheel .
- the locking mechanism may then be adapted like an annular sleeve, enclosing the planetary wheel carrier substantially concentrically.
- the locking means may also be made of a suitable type of friction clutch .
- An electronic control device 1 8 is adapted to control the shifting element 1 7.
- the control device 1 8 is also adapted to determine the occasions on which the electrical machine should operate as an engine and the occasions on which it should operate as a generator. In order to so determine, the control device 1 8 may receive up to date information relating to suitable operating parameters.
- the control device 1 8 may be a computer with software for this purpose.
- the control device 1 8 controls a schematically displayed control equipment 1 9, which controls the flow of electric energy between a hybrid battery 20 and the stator windings 9a of the electrical machine. On occasions where the electrical machine 9 operates as an engine, stored electric energy is sup- plied from the hybrid battery 20 to the stator 9a.
- the hybrid battery 20 delivers and stores electric energy with a voltage in the range of 300-900 Volt. Since the intermediate sec- tion 6 between the combustion engine 2 and the gearbox 3 in the vehicle is limited , the electrical machine 9 and the planetary gear must constitute a compact unit.
- the planetary gear's components 1 0, 1 1 , 1 2 are arranged substantially radially inside the electrical machine's stator 9a.
- the rotor 9b of the electrical machine, the ring gear 1 1 of the planetary gear, the combustion engine's output shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox are here ro- tatably arranged around a common rotation axis 5.
- the electrical machine 9 and the planetary gear occupy a relatively small area.
- the vehicle 1 is equipped with an engine control function 21 , with which engine speed and/or torque of the combustion engine 2 may be controlled.
- the control device 1 8 accordingly has the possibility of activating the engine control function 21 and of creating a substantially zero torque state in the gearbox 3 at engagement and disengagement of gears in the gearbox 3.
- the drive system may, instead of being controlled by one single control device 1 8, be controlled by several different control devices.
- the drive system also has a second electrical machine 30 with a stator 31 , with stator windings and a rotor 32 which is connected with the combustion engine's output shaft 2a.
- a second locking means 33 which may have a similar design as the first locking means 34, illustrated in more detail in Fig. 2, is adapted to separate, in a release position , a first part 35 of the combustion engine's output shaft, arranged nearest the combustion engine, from a second part 36 thereof, connected with the sun wheel 1 0 of the planetary gear, so that the second electrical machine's rotor 32 and the sun wheel 1 0 are allowed to rotate independently of the first section 35 of the combustion engine's output shaft.
- the second locking means may be moved to a locked position in which both the parts 35, 36 of the combustion engine's output shaft are locked to- gether, and accordingly the first part 35 is locked together with the second electrical machine's rotor.
- the control device 1 8 is adapted to control fuel supply to the combustion engine 2 and to control exchange of electric energy between the first electrical machine 9 and the second electrical machine 30 on the one hand , and, on the other hand, electric energy storage means such as batteries, and electric auxiliary units and loads in the vehicle, such as servo control units, pumps, cooling aggregates and si milar.
- a range of positive features are achieved in the drive system through the added arrangement of the electrical machine 30 and the second locking means 33.
- the power unit configuration is controlled towards a torque balance between the components that are locked together, i .e. the planetary wheel carrier 1 2 and the sun wheel 1 0, via the first locking means 34.
- This may be achieved by controlling the first electrical machine 9 and at least one of the second electrical machine 30 and the combustion engine 2, since the second locking means 33 is in a locked position, and the first electrical machine 9 and/or the second electrical machine 30, towards said torque balance, so that there is also a possibility for energy storage in the hybrid battery 30 if desired .
- torque balance is achieved when the following relation between the torques applied is met for the example configuration displayed in Fig. 3:
- Tem i is torque applied via the first electrical machine's stator to its rotor
- Z s is the number of teeth on the sun wheel
- Z r is the number of teeth on the ring gear.
- torque balance relates to the state where a torque acts on a ring gear arranged in the planetary gear, representing the product of the torque acting on the planetary wheel carrier of the planetary gear and the gear ratio of the planetary gear, while simultaneously a torque acts on the planetary gear's sun wheel , representing the product of the torque acting on the planetary wheel carrier and (1 minus the planetary gear's gear ratio) .
- said first locking means 34 does not transfer any torque between the components of the planetary gear.
- the first locking means 34 may easily be moved to the release position, so that the plane- tary gear's components are no longer locked together.
- a great advantage of a drive system according to Fig. 3, with or without the second locking means, is the potential for continuous electric power supply by the electric units in all operating modes, with the combustion engine connected in a steady state. This is normally not achieved with hybrid solutions having only one electrical machine.
- said electric unit When the first locking means is in a locked position, said electric unit is supplied by substantially distributing the requested electrical power to the electric auxiliary aggregates and the electric loads of the vehicle between the electrical ma- chines. In this way, the losses in the electrical machines are minimised since the torque per electrical machine is halved compared to if an electrical machine had supplied all the electrical output.
- the loss effects of the electrical machines substan- tially scale against the torque applied squared this entails substantially a halving of the losses of the electrical machines.
- a distribution 50/50 is potentially not optimal in case the two electrical machines have dimensions which differ considerably from each other, but efforts are still made to select said proportions with this optimal distribution in mind.
- the first locking means When the first locking means is open , the first electrical machine will determine the torque in the powertrain.
- the engine speed of the combustion engine is controlled to an operational point, which is selected by minimising the losses of the combustion engine together with losses of the electrical machine and the inverter.
- the second electrical machine is then used to balance the power for potential energy storage means, electrical aggregates and the first electrical machine.
- the supply may also take place continuously during all types of up- and down-shifts, during crawling , start-off and braking.
- Fig. 4 shows, in a si mplified way, a drive system which differs from the one according to Fig . 3, since the combustion engine 2 is permanently connected with the second electrical machine's rotor 32, while Fig . 5 shows, in a simplified way, a drive system which entirely lacks a combustion engine.
- "Electrical energy storage means" as used in this document means an energy storage means with an electrical interface in relation to the first and second electrical machine of the drive system, but storage of energy does not have to be electrical . This entails that in addition to an electrical battery and capacitor, for example flywheels, other mechanical means and means for building up pressure, e.g.
- Fig. 6 illustrates a flow chart of a method according to one embodiment of the present invention , implemented in a vehicle with a drive system of the type displayed at Fig. 3-5.
- the vehicle is driven with the first locking means in a locked position, and subsequently a request to brake the vehicle to a stop arises.
- a distribution of the desired braking torque to the first and the second electrical machines is then carried out.
- the first and second electrical machines are then controlled to transmit the total torque to the planetary gear's output shaft, corresponding to the desired braking torque at least to a predetermined low speed limit, before the vehicle stops.
- a question is asked as to whether the speed has dropped below a certain value, e.g. a value between 5 and 1 0 km/h . If the answer to the question is "yes”, a step S 4 follows, where the control according to step S 2 is implemented in order to achieve torque balance in the planetary gear. In step S 5 a question is then asked as to whether torque balance has been achieved , and if the answer is "yes", a step S 6 follows, where the first locking means are moved to a release position . In step S 7 , the combustion engine and/or the second electrical machine are then controlled towards a predetermined rotational speed of the combustion engine, e.g. its idling speed .
- a predetermined rotational speed of the combustion engine e.g. its idling speed .
- Computer program code for implementation of a method accord- ing to the invention is suitably included in a computer program, which is loadable into the internal memory of a computer, such as the internal memory of an electronic control device of a vehicle.
- a computer program is suitably provided via a computer program product, comprising a data storage medium readable by an electronic control device, which data storage maxim m has the computer program stored thereon.
- Said data storage medium is e.g. an optical data storage medium in the form of a CD-ROM , a DVD, etc. , a magnetic data storage maxim m in the form of a hard disk drive, a diskette, a cassette, etc. , or a Flash memory or a ROM , P ROM , EPROM or EEPROM type memory.
- Fig. 7 very schematically illustrates an electronic control device 1 8 comprising execution means 37, such as a central processor unit (CPU) , for the execution of computer software.
- execution means 37 such as a central processor unit (CPU)
- the execu- tion means 37 communicates with a memory 38, e.g. a RAM memory, via a data bus 39.
- the control device 1 8 also comprises a durable data storage medium 40, e.g. in the form of a Flash memory or a ROM , P ROM , EPROM or E EPROM type memory.
- the execution means 37 communicates with the data storage means 40 via the data bus 39.
- a computer program comprising computer program code for the implementation of a method according to the invention is stored on the data storage maxim m 40.
- the invention is obviously not li mited in any way to the embodi- ments described above, but numerous possible modifications thereof should be obvious to a person skilled in the area, without such person departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
- the inventive method could be carried out in a vehicle with a drive system, which has the planetary gear's ring gear as said first component and the sun wheel as said third component, which means that the first electrical machine's rotor would be connected with the planetary sun wheel and the second electrical machine's rotor and the combustion engine would be connected with the planetary gear's ring gear instead of with the sun wheel .
- the planetary gear's output shaft for transmission of torque for the vehicle's propulsion is connected with the planetary wheel carrier.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020167019839A KR101794894B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of braking a vehicle towards stop |
EP14874998.9A EP3086969B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of braking a vehicle towards stop |
US15/106,811 US10279796B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | Method of braking a vehicle towards stop |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SE1351574 | 2013-12-23 | ||
SE1351574-7 | 2013-12-23 |
Publications (1)
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WO2015099599A1 true WO2015099599A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
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PCT/SE2014/051567 WO2015099597A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of turning off a combustion engine of a driving vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051573 WO2015099602A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A traction system for a vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051568 WO2015099598A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of starting a vehicle with power balance |
PCT/SE2014/051571 WO2015099601A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of starting a combustion engine of a driving vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051570 WO2015099600A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of supplying electrical appliances of a vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051569 WO2015099599A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of braking a vehicle towards stop |
PCT/SE2014/051565 WO2015099595A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of unlocking a planetary gearing when driving a vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051566 WO2015099596A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of locking a planetary gearing when driving a vehicle |
Family Applications Before (5)
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PCT/SE2014/051567 WO2015099597A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of turning off a combustion engine of a driving vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051573 WO2015099602A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A traction system for a vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051568 WO2015099598A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of starting a vehicle with power balance |
PCT/SE2014/051571 WO2015099601A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of starting a combustion engine of a driving vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051570 WO2015099600A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of supplying electrical appliances of a vehicle |
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PCT/SE2014/051565 WO2015099595A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of unlocking a planetary gearing when driving a vehicle |
PCT/SE2014/051566 WO2015099596A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A method of locking a planetary gearing when driving a vehicle |
Country Status (5)
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US (8) | US10279796B2 (en) |
EP (8) | EP3086966B1 (en) |
KR (8) | KR101794893B1 (en) |
SE (7) | SE1451656A1 (en) |
WO (8) | WO2015099597A1 (en) |
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2014
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107835754A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-03-23 | 宝马股份公司 | Hybrid drive for motor vehicle driven by mixed power |
US10710444B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2020-07-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Hybrid drive for a hybrid vehicle |
CN107835754B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2021-03-23 | 宝马股份公司 | Hybrid drive device for hybrid vehicle |
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