WO2015099591A1 - Propulsion system for a vehicle - Google Patents

Propulsion system for a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015099591A1
WO2015099591A1 PCT/SE2014/051557 SE2014051557W WO2015099591A1 WO 2015099591 A1 WO2015099591 A1 WO 2015099591A1 SE 2014051557 W SE2014051557 W SE 2014051557W WO 2015099591 A1 WO2015099591 A1 WO 2015099591A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
drive system
locking means
electrical machine
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2014/051557
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Johan LINDSTRÖM
Mathias Björkman
Mikael Bergquist
Niklas Pettersson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Scania CV AB
Original Assignee
Scania CV AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania CV AB filed Critical Scania CV AB
Priority to US15/107,003 priority Critical patent/US10246082B2/en
Priority to DE112014005377.5T priority patent/DE112014005377T5/en
Publication of WO2015099591A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015099591A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18027—Drive off, accelerating from standstill
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18072—Coasting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using externally powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using externally powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/12—Differentials
    • B60W2710/125—Locking status
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/80—Control of differentials
    • B60Y2300/84—Differential locking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/945—Characterized by control of gearing, e.g. control of transmission ratio

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drive system for a vehicle according to the preamble of the enclosed clai m 1 .
  • the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, focused on such a drive system in motor vehicles in the form of wheeled com flareal vehicles, especially heavy goods vehicles such as trucks and buses.
  • the i nvention thus relates to a drive system for driving a hybrid vehicle which , generally, is a vehicle that may be powered by a pri mary engine, in this case a combustion engine, and a secondary engine, in this case an electrical machine.
  • the vehicle is suitably equi pped with means for storage of energy, such as a battery or a capacitor for storage of electric energy, and control equipment to control the flow of electric energy between the means and the electrical machine.
  • the electrical machine may thus alternately operate as an engine or as a generator, dependi ng on the vehicle's operating mode. When the vehicle decelerates, the electrical machine generates electric energy that may be stored, and the stored electric energy is used later for e.g . operation of the vehicle.
  • a conventional clutch mechanism which disconnects the input shaft of the gearbox from the combustion engine during a shifting process in the gearbox, entails disadvantages, such as heati ng of the clutch mechanism 's discs, which results in an i ncreased fuel consu mption and wear of the clutch discs. There are also large losses as a result, in particular when the vehicle is started.
  • a conventional clutch mechanism is also relatively heavy and costly. It also occupies a relatively large space in the vehicle. Friction losses also arise at the use of a hydraulic converter/torque converter com monly used in automatic transmission .
  • a vehicle with a drive system of this type constitutes prior art as set out i n E P 1 31 9 546 and SE 1 051 384-4.
  • the objective of the present invention is to show a drive system of the type defined above, which is in line with the above-mentioned efforts. This objective is achieved according to the invention by providing a drive system according to the enclosed clai m 1 .
  • the combustion engi ne does not need to be started again i n case the driver of the vehicle chooses to i nterrupt the braki ng and to request a large driving torque instead. It also becomes possible to start driving the vehicle from a standstill without starting the combustion engine, since the second locking means is kept in a release position , and the first locking means is kept in a locked position , and the electrical machi ne in this case rotates the in put shaft of the gearbox with the same rotation speed as its rotor.
  • the possibil ity of decoupli ng the combustion engine by movi ng the second locking means to a release position may also be used in driving modes at low positive and negative powertrain torques, to save fuel and thus keep the combustion engine at an idling speed or turn it off, and to power the vehicle only with the electrical machine.
  • said second locking means are adapted to, in said release position , separate a first part of the combustion engine's output shaft, arranged nearest the combustion engine, from a second part thereof, connected with said first component of the planetary gear.
  • the combustion engi ne's output shaft, the electrical machine's rotor and the input shaft of the gearbox are rotatably arranged around a com mon rotation axis.
  • the planetary gear's sun wheel constitutes said first component and the ring gear constitutes said third component.
  • the drive system comprises at least one control device, adapted to control the fuel supply to the combustion engi ne and to control the exchange of electric energy between the electrical machine and electric energy storage means.
  • the control device is advantageously also adapted to control said locking means to be moved between said locked position and release position and, in order to lock them together, to control the combustion engi ne and/or the electrical machine to achieve the same rotational speed in the parts to be locked together by the respective locking means, and, subsequently, to move the locking means to a locked position , and, i n order to release them , to control the combustion engine and/or the electrical machine to achieve torque balance between the parts to be released from each other, and, subsequently, to control the locki ng means to be moved to a release position .
  • Zero torque is a case of torque balance.
  • su n wheel and T ri n g gear constitute torque applied on the sun wheel and the ring gear, respectively
  • Z s is the nu mber of teeth of the sun wheel
  • Z r is the nu mber of teeth of the ring gear.
  • torque balance means the state where a torque acts on a ri ng gear arranged i n the planetary gear, corresponding to the product of the torque acting on the planetary gear's planetary wheel carrier and the planetary gear's gear ratio, while si multaneously a torque acts on the planetary gear's sun wheel , corresponding to the product of the torque acting on the planetary wheel carrier and ( 1 minus the planetary gear's gear ratio).
  • control device is adapted to control , when the vehicle is driven with the combustion engi ne running , and the second locking means in a locked position when braki ng the vehicle,
  • control device is adapted, at braking of the vehicle towards a stop, and further in connection with the control of the combustion engine towards idling speed, to control the ramping down of the braking torque from the electrical machine towards zero in connection with the vehicle stopping .
  • control device is adapted to control , in order to start driving the vehicle, when the vehicle is at a standstill with the combustion engine turned off,
  • the vehicle may be started and driven while powered purely electrically.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle accordi ng to clai m 1 0, and methods with the method steps that the control device is adapted to carry out in the above-mentioned embodi ments of the drive system according to the i nvention .
  • Fig. 1 is a very simplified view of a powertrain in a vehicle, which may be equipped with a drive system according to the invention
  • Fig.2 is a more detailed, but still simplified view of a part of said drive system
  • Fig.3 is a simplified view illustrating the general structure of a drive system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a powertrain for a heavy goods vehicle 1.
  • the powertrain comprises a combustion engine 2, a gearbox 3, a number of driving shafts 4 and driving wheels 5. Between the combustion engine 2 and the gearbox 3, the powertrain comprises an intermediate section 6.
  • Fig.2 shows a part of the components in the intermediate section 6 in more detail, more specifically those that also occur in prior art drive systems, such as the one according to SE 1051384-4.
  • the combustion engine 2 is equipped with an output shaft 2a, and the gearbox 3 with an input shaft 3a in the intermediate section 6.
  • the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine is coaxially arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox.
  • the combustion engine's output shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox are rotatably arranged around a common rotation axis 7.
  • the intermediate section 6 comprises a house 8, enclosing a first electrical machine 9 and a planetary gear.
  • the electrical machine 9 comprises, in a customary manner, a stator 9a and a rotor 9b.
  • the stator 9a comprises a stator core which is mounted in a suitable manner on the inside of the house 8.
  • the stator core comprises the stator's windings.
  • the electrical machi ne 9 is adapted to , under certain operating circu mstances, use stored electrical energy to supply driving force to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox, and, under other operating conditions, to use the kinetic energy of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox to extract and store electric energy.
  • the planetary gear is arranged substantially radially on the inside in relation to the electrical machine's stator 9a and rotor 9b.
  • the planetary gear comprises, in a customary manner, a sun wheel 1 0, a ri ng gear 1 1 and a planetary wheel carrier 1 2.
  • the planetary wheel carrier 1 2 supports a nu mber of cogwheels 1 3, which are rotatably arranged in a radial space between the teeth of the sun wheel 1 0 and the ring gear 1 1 .
  • the sun wheel 1 0 is fixed on a peripheral surface of the combustion engine's output shaft 2a.
  • the sun wheel 1 0 and the combustion engine's output shaft 2a rotate as one unit with a first rotational speed n-i .
  • the planetary wheel carrier 1 2 comprises an attach ment section 1 2a, which is attached on a peri pheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gearbox with the help of a splines joint 1 4. With the hel p of this joint, the planetary wheel carrier 1 2 and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox may rotate as one unit with a second rotational speed n 2 .
  • the ring gear 1 1 comprises an external peri pheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted.
  • the rotor 9b and the ri ng gear 1 1 constitute a rotatable unit that rotates with a third rotational speed n 3 .
  • the drive system comprises a first locki ng means, since the combustion engi ne's output shaft 2a is equipped with a shiftable clutch element 1 5.
  • the clutch element 1 5 is mounted on the combustion engi ne's output shaft 2a with the help of a splines joint 1 6.
  • the clutch element 1 5 is in this case arranged in a twist-fast manner on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a, and is shiftably arranged in an axial di rection on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a.
  • the clutch element 1 5 comprises a clutch section 1 5a, which is connecti ble with a clutch section 1 2b in the planetary wheel carrier 1 2.
  • a schematical ly displayed shifting element 1 7 is adapted to shift the clutch element 1 5 between a first position where the clutch sections 1 5a, 1 2b are not i n engagement with each other, correspondi ng to a release position in the first locking means, and a second position where the clutch sections 1 5a, 1 2b are in engagement with each other, corresponding to a locked position of the first locking means.
  • this locked position the combustion engi ne's output shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox will be locked together, and these, as well as the electrical machine's rotor, will thus rotate at the same rotational speed. This state may be referred to as a locked planet.
  • the locki ng mechanism may, advantageously, also have the design which is described in the not yet public Swedish patent appl ication 1 250696-0, and comprise a sleeve equi pped with first spli nes, which splines, in the release position , engage with second splines on a first component of the planetary gear and, in the locked position , engage with third splines on a second component of the planetary gear.
  • the first component is preferably the planetary wheel carrier, and the second component is the sun wheel .
  • the locking mechanism may then be adapted like an annular sleeve, enclosing the planetary wheel carrier substantially concentrically.
  • the locking means may also consist of a suitable type of friction clutch .
  • At least the second locking means is preferably of a type that locks in case of a fault in its manoeuvring system , so that the vehicle may then be driven to a garage.
  • An electric control device 1 8 is adapted to control the shifting element 1 7.
  • the control device 1 8 is also adapted to determi ne the occasions on which the electrical machine should operate as an engine, and on which occasions it should operate as a generator. To determine this, the control device 1 8 may receive up-to-date information relati ng to suitable operating parameters.
  • the control device 1 8 may be a computer with software for this purpose.
  • the control device 1 8 controls a schematically displayed control equipment 1 9, which controls the flow of electric energy between a hybrid battery 20 and the stator windings 9a of the electrical machine.
  • the electrical machine 9 On occasions where the electrical machine 9 operates as an engi ne, stored electric energy is supplied from the hybrid battery 20 to the stator 9a. On occasions where the electrical machine operates as a generator, electric energy is supplied from the stator 9a to the hybrid battery 20.
  • the hybrid battery 20 delivers and stores electric energy with a voltage in the range of 300-900 volts. Since the i ntermediate section 6 between the combustion engine 2 and the gearbox 3 in the vehicle is li mited, the electrical machine 9 and the planetary gear must constitute a compact unit.
  • the planetary gear's components 1 0, 1 1 , 1 2 are arranged substantially radially inside the electrical machine's stator 9a.
  • the rotor 9b of the electrical machine, the ring gear 1 1 of the planetary gear, the combustion engine's output shaft 2a, and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox, are here rotatably arranged around a com mon rotation axis 5.
  • the electrical machine 9 and the planetary gear occupy a relatively small area.
  • the vehicle 1 is equi pped with an engine control function 21 with which the engine speed n i of the combustion engi ne 2 may be controlled.
  • the control device 1 8 thus has the possibi lity of activating the engi ne control function 21 and of creating a substantial ly zero torque state in the gearbox 3 at engagement and disengagement of gears i n the gearbox 3.
  • the drive system may also, instead of being controlled by one single control device 1 8, be controlled by several different control devices.
  • the drive system according to the i nvention descri bed thus far and displayed in Fig . 2 is present in the drive system according to SE 1 051 384-4.
  • the part of the drive system accordi ng to the invention which has been added to this part, will be descri bed with reference to Fig . 3.
  • the drive system specifically the intermediate section 6, also has a second locking means 30, which may have a si milar design to the first locking means 31 , il lustrated in more detai l i n Fig .
  • the control device 1 8 is adapted to control fuel supply to the combustion engi ne 2 and to control exchange of electric energy between the electrical machi ne 9 and electric energy storage means, such as batteries.
  • a range of positive features of the drive system are achieved by way of the added arrangement of the second locking means 30, some of the most i mportant of which have been described i n the introduction of this docu ment.
  • the electrical machine 9 may apply a braking torque on the i nput shaft 3a of the gearbox throughout the braking of the vehicle.
  • the combustion engine 2 may be decoupled by way of moving the second locking means 30 to a release position before the combustion engine reaches its idling engine speed, and braking may therefore occur with a full electrical machine torque, if desired until the vehicle stops, with the planetary gear in its locked state, i.e. the first locking means 31 in a locked position.
  • the first locking means may be adapted to lock together any two of said three components.
  • a transmission could be arranged between the rotor and the ring gear, and also between the combustion engine's output shaft and the sun wheel, such as upstream of the shaft which is displayed in Fig.2 to be connected with the sun wheel.
  • the latter transmission could also consist of a variable gear.
  • the drive system has the ring gear as the first component and the sun wheel as the third component, even if the reverse would be preferable because of the advantages mentioned above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A drive system for a vehicle comprises an electrical machine (9), arranged between a combustion engine (2) and an input shaft (3a) to a gearbox. The rotor of the electrical machine is connected with a component of a planetary gear, and the input shaft of the gearbox is connected with another component of such planetary gear. A first locking means (31 ) may be moved between a locked position, i n which the planetary gear's three components rotate at the same rotational speed, and a release position, in which the components are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds. A second locking means (30) is moveable between a locked position in which the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is locked together with a component (1 0) in the planetary gear, and a release position, in which the combustion engine's output shaft is decoupled from such a component.

Description

PROPU LSION SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE
FI ELD OF TH E I NVENTION AN D P RIOR ART The present invention relates to a drive system for a vehicle according to the preamble of the enclosed clai m 1 .
The invention is particularly, but not exclusively, focused on such a drive system in motor vehicles in the form of wheeled com mercial vehicles, especially heavy goods vehicles such as trucks and buses.
The i nvention thus relates to a drive system for driving a hybrid vehicle which , generally, is a vehicle that may be powered by a pri mary engine, in this case a combustion engine, and a secondary engine, in this case an electrical machine. The vehicle is suitably equi pped with means for storage of energy, such as a battery or a capacitor for storage of electric energy, and control equipment to control the flow of electric energy between the means and the electrical machine. The electrical machine may thus alternately operate as an engine or as a generator, dependi ng on the vehicle's operating mode. When the vehicle decelerates, the electrical machine generates electric energy that may be stored, and the stored electric energy is used later for e.g . operation of the vehicle. Using a conventional clutch mechanism, which disconnects the input shaft of the gearbox from the combustion engine during a shifting process in the gearbox, entails disadvantages, such as heati ng of the clutch mechanism 's discs, which results in an i ncreased fuel consu mption and wear of the clutch discs. There are also large losses as a result, in particular when the vehicle is started. A conventional clutch mechanism is also relatively heavy and costly. It also occupies a relatively large space in the vehicle. Friction losses also arise at the use of a hydraulic converter/torque converter com monly used in automatic transmission . By ensuring that the vehicle has a drive system in which the output shaft of the combustion engine, the rotor of the electrical machine and the input shaft of the gearbox are connected with a planetary gear, the conventional clutch mechanism and disadvantages associated therewith may be avoided. A vehicle with a drive system of this type constitutes prior art as set out i n E P 1 31 9 546 and SE 1 051 384-4.
Althoug h this drive system , especially the one described in S E 1 051 384-4, functions wel l and has a range of advantageous features, efforts are constantly made to i mprove such a drive system with respect to its behaviour and function in certai n operating situations.
SU M MARY OF TH E I NVENTION
The objective of the present invention is to show a drive system of the type defined above, which is in line with the above-mentioned efforts. This objective is achieved according to the invention by providing a drive system according to the enclosed clai m 1 .
By equi pping the drive system with said second locking means, an i mproved behaviour is obtained in a range of operational situations compared to such prior art drive systems. Specifical ly, it becomes possible at braking of the vehicle to choose to disconnect the combustion engine before it reaches its idling speed. By moving the second locking means to its release position , so that the combustion engi ne is decoupled, it is possible to brake with ful l electrical machine torque unti l the vehicle stops, by keeping the planetary gear i n its locked position , i .e. with the first locking means in a locked position . At this stage, one may optional ly let the combustion engi ne run at idling speed or turn it off.
With the innovative drive system it is therefore possible to brake at full electrical machine torque, as opposed to braking with a corresponding drive system not comprising anything corresponding to the second locking means. With such a correspondi ng drive system, it is therefore possible to brake only with a torque providi ng a reaction torque to the combustion engi ne, smaller than or equal to its resulting friction torque, unless it is intended that the combustion engine should be al lowed to rev up.
Since it is possible to brake at full electrical machi ne torque with the innovative drive system , without turning off the combustion engine, the combustion engi ne does not need to be started again i n case the driver of the vehicle chooses to i nterrupt the braki ng and to request a large driving torque instead. It also becomes possible to start driving the vehicle from a standstill without starting the combustion engine, since the second locking means is kept in a release position , and the first locking means is kept in a locked position , and the electrical machi ne in this case rotates the in put shaft of the gearbox with the same rotation speed as its rotor. The possibil ity of decoupli ng the combustion engine by movi ng the second locking means to a release position may also be used in driving modes at low positive and negative powertrain torques, to save fuel and thus keep the combustion engine at an idling speed or turn it off, and to power the vehicle only with the electrical machine. According to one embodi ment of the invention, said second locking means are adapted to, in said release position , separate a first part of the combustion engine's output shaft, arranged nearest the combustion engine, from a second part thereof, connected with said first component of the planetary gear.
According to another embodi ment of the invention , the combustion engi ne's output shaft, the electrical machine's rotor and the input shaft of the gearbox are rotatably arranged around a com mon rotation axis.
According to another embodi ment of the invention , the planetary gear's sun wheel constitutes said first component and the ring gear constitutes said third component. By connecting the first electrical machi ne's rotor with the ring gear and the combustion engine's output shaft with the sun wheel , a compact construction is achieved, which is easy to fit into already existing spaces for powertrains (drive systems) with clutch mechanisms instead of planetary gears. Accordingly, a hybrid gearbox may be made compact and substantially no bulkier than a standard gearbox. This also entails that the weig ht increase, which a hybridisation normally involves, may be reduced considerably. Another advantage is that a connection of the first electrical machine's rotor with the ring gear provides a hig her potential braking torque via the rotor, than if this were connected with the sun wheel instead.
According to another embodi ment of the invention , the drive system comprises at least one control device, adapted to control the fuel supply to the combustion engi ne and to control the exchange of electric energy between the electrical machine and electric energy storage means. The control device is advantageously also adapted to control said locking means to be moved between said locked position and release position and, in order to lock them together, to control the combustion engi ne and/or the electrical machine to achieve the same rotational speed in the parts to be locked together by the respective locking means, and, subsequently, to move the locking means to a locked position , and, i n order to release them , to control the combustion engine and/or the electrical machine to achieve torque balance between the parts to be released from each other, and, subsequently, to control the locki ng means to be moved to a release position . Zero torque is a case of torque balance.
Here, torque balance is achieved when the followi ng relation between the torques applied is met for the example configuration displayed in Fig . 3 :
Tsu n wheel = Trjng gear
where
su n wheel and Tri ng gear constitute torque applied on the sun wheel and the ring gear, respectively,
Zs is the nu mber of teeth of the sun wheel ,
Zr is the nu mber of teeth of the ring gear.
Accordingly, torque balance means the state where a torque acts on a ri ng gear arranged i n the planetary gear, corresponding to the product of the torque acting on the planetary gear's planetary wheel carrier and the planetary gear's gear ratio, while si multaneously a torque acts on the planetary gear's sun wheel , corresponding to the product of the torque acting on the planetary wheel carrier and ( 1 minus the planetary gear's gear ratio).
According to another embodi ment of the invention , the control device is adapted to control , when the vehicle is driven with the combustion engi ne running , and the second locking means in a locked position when braki ng the vehicle,
• the electrical machine to apply a braking torque to the input shaft of the gearbox throug hout the braking of the vehicle, · the combustion engine and the electrical machine to a
synchronous rotational speed of the i nput shaft of the gearbox, the electrical machine's rotor and the combustion engine's output shaft if the first locking means is in a release position , and to move the first locking means to a locked position,
· the combustion engi ne towards a zero torque between the
combustion engine's output shaft and said first component, when a certain value of the vehicle's speed is not met,
• the second locking means to be moved to the release position , and
· the combustion engine towards and to idl ing speed.
By thus braking with the electrical machi ne throughout the braking procedure, and decoupling the combustion engine before it reaches its idl ing speed, it is possible to brake with full electrical machine torque as of said decoupling , while the combustion engine may be kept running , if desired, in order to provide for preparedness, should the braking be i nterrupted.
According to another embodi ment of the invention , the control device is adapted, at braking of the vehicle towards a stop, and further in connection with the control of the combustion engine towards idling speed, to control the ramping down of the braking torque from the electrical machine towards zero in connection with the vehicle stopping .
According to another embodi ment of the invention , the control device is adapted to control , in order to start driving the vehicle, when the vehicle is at a standstill with the combustion engine turned off,
• the second locking means to be moved to the release position if it is in a locked position ,
• the first locking means to be moved to the locked position if it is in a release position , and
• the electrical machine for to del iver a torque thereof, so that the requested torque is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox.
Accordingly, the vehicle may be started and driven while powered purely electrically.
The invention also relates to a vehicle accordi ng to clai m 1 0, and methods with the method steps that the control device is adapted to carry out in the above-mentioned embodi ments of the drive system according to the i nvention .
Other advantageous features and advantages of the invention are set out in the descri ption below.
BRI E F D ESC RI PTION OF TH E D RAWI NGS
Below are descriptions of an example embodi ment of the invention with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which : Fig. 1 is a very simplified view of a powertrain in a vehicle, which may be equipped with a drive system according to the invention, Fig.2 is a more detailed, but still simplified view of a part of said drive system, and
Fig.3 is a simplified view illustrating the general structure of a drive system according to one embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION Fig. 1 shows a powertrain for a heavy goods vehicle 1. The powertrain comprises a combustion engine 2, a gearbox 3, a number of driving shafts 4 and driving wheels 5. Between the combustion engine 2 and the gearbox 3, the powertrain comprises an intermediate section 6. Fig.2 shows a part of the components in the intermediate section 6 in more detail, more specifically those that also occur in prior art drive systems, such as the one according to SE 1051384-4. The combustion engine 2 is equipped with an output shaft 2a, and the gearbox 3 with an input shaft 3a in the intermediate section 6. The output shaft 2a of the combustion engine is coaxially arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox. The combustion engine's output shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox are rotatably arranged around a common rotation axis 7. The intermediate section 6 comprises a house 8, enclosing a first electrical machine 9 and a planetary gear. The electrical machine 9 comprises, in a customary manner, a stator 9a and a rotor 9b. The stator 9a comprises a stator core which is mounted in a suitable manner on the inside of the house 8. The stator core comprises the stator's windings. The electrical machi ne 9 is adapted to , under certain operating circu mstances, use stored electrical energy to supply driving force to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox, and, under other operating conditions, to use the kinetic energy of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox to extract and store electric energy.
The planetary gear is arranged substantially radially on the inside in relation to the electrical machine's stator 9a and rotor 9b. The planetary gear comprises, in a customary manner, a sun wheel 1 0, a ri ng gear 1 1 and a planetary wheel carrier 1 2. The planetary wheel carrier 1 2 supports a nu mber of cogwheels 1 3, which are rotatably arranged in a radial space between the teeth of the sun wheel 1 0 and the ring gear 1 1 . The sun wheel 1 0 is fixed on a peripheral surface of the combustion engine's output shaft 2a. The sun wheel 1 0 and the combustion engine's output shaft 2a rotate as one unit with a first rotational speed n-i . The planetary wheel carrier 1 2 comprises an attach ment section 1 2a, which is attached on a peri pheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gearbox with the help of a splines joint 1 4. With the hel p of this joint, the planetary wheel carrier 1 2 and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox may rotate as one unit with a second rotational speed n2. The ring gear 1 1 comprises an external peri pheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted. The rotor 9b and the ri ng gear 1 1 constitute a rotatable unit that rotates with a third rotational speed n3.
The drive system comprises a first locki ng means, since the combustion engi ne's output shaft 2a is equipped with a shiftable clutch element 1 5. The clutch element 1 5 is mounted on the combustion engi ne's output shaft 2a with the help of a splines joint 1 6. The clutch element 1 5 is in this case arranged in a twist-fast manner on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a, and is shiftably arranged in an axial di rection on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a. The clutch element 1 5 comprises a clutch section 1 5a, which is connecti ble with a clutch section 1 2b in the planetary wheel carrier 1 2. A schematical ly displayed shifting element 1 7 is adapted to shift the clutch element 1 5 between a first position where the clutch sections 1 5a, 1 2b are not i n engagement with each other, correspondi ng to a release position in the first locking means, and a second position where the clutch sections 1 5a, 1 2b are in engagement with each other, corresponding to a locked position of the first locking means. I n this locked position the combustion engi ne's output shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox will be locked together, and these, as well as the electrical machine's rotor, will thus rotate at the same rotational speed. This state may be referred to as a locked planet. The locki ng mechanism may, advantageously, also have the design which is described in the not yet public Swedish patent appl ication 1 250696-0, and comprise a sleeve equi pped with first spli nes, which splines, in the release position , engage with second splines on a first component of the planetary gear and, in the locked position , engage with third splines on a second component of the planetary gear. I n this case, the first component is preferably the planetary wheel carrier, and the second component is the sun wheel . The locking mechanism may then be adapted like an annular sleeve, enclosing the planetary wheel carrier substantially concentrically. The locking means may also consist of a suitable type of friction clutch .
At least the second locking means is preferably of a type that locks in case of a fault in its manoeuvring system , so that the vehicle may then be driven to a garage. An electric control device 1 8 is adapted to control the shifting element 1 7. The control device 1 8 is also adapted to determi ne the occasions on which the electrical machine should operate as an engine, and on which occasions it should operate as a generator. To determine this, the control device 1 8 may receive up-to-date information relati ng to suitable operating parameters. The control device 1 8 may be a computer with software for this purpose. The control device 1 8 controls a schematically displayed control equipment 1 9, which controls the flow of electric energy between a hybrid battery 20 and the stator windings 9a of the electrical machine. On occasions where the electrical machine 9 operates as an engi ne, stored electric energy is supplied from the hybrid battery 20 to the stator 9a. On occasions where the electrical machine operates as a generator, electric energy is supplied from the stator 9a to the hybrid battery 20. The hybrid battery 20 delivers and stores electric energy with a voltage in the range of 300-900 volts. Since the i ntermediate section 6 between the combustion engine 2 and the gearbox 3 in the vehicle is li mited, the electrical machine 9 and the planetary gear must constitute a compact unit. The planetary gear's components 1 0, 1 1 , 1 2 are arranged substantially radially inside the electrical machine's stator 9a. The rotor 9b of the electrical machine, the ring gear 1 1 of the planetary gear, the combustion engine's output shaft 2a, and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox, are here rotatably arranged around a com mon rotation axis 5. With such an embodi ment, the electrical machine 9 and the planetary gear occupy a relatively small area. The vehicle 1 is equi pped with an engine control function 21 with which the engine speed n i of the combustion engi ne 2 may be controlled. The control device 1 8 thus has the possibi lity of activating the engi ne control function 21 and of creating a substantial ly zero torque state in the gearbox 3 at engagement and disengagement of gears i n the gearbox 3. The drive system may also, instead of being controlled by one single control device 1 8, be controlled by several different control devices.
The part of the drive system according to the i nvention descri bed thus far and displayed in Fig . 2 is present in the drive system according to SE 1 051 384-4. Below, the part of the drive system accordi ng to the invention , which has been added to this part, will be descri bed with reference to Fig . 3. Accordi ng to the i nvention , the drive system , specifically the intermediate section 6, also has a second locking means 30, which may have a si milar design to the first locking means 31 , il lustrated in more detai l i n Fig . 2, and is adapted to, in a release position , separate a first part 32 of the combustion engine's output shaft, arranged nearest the combustion engine, from a second part 33 thereof, connected with the planetary gear's sun wheel 1 0, so that the sun wheel 1 0 is allowed to rotate independently of the first part 32 of the combustion engine's output shaft. The second locking means may be moved to a locked position , in which the parts 32, 33 of the combustion engine's output shaft are locked together. The control device 1 8 is adapted to control fuel supply to the combustion engi ne 2 and to control exchange of electric energy between the electrical machi ne 9 and electric energy storage means, such as batteries. A range of positive features of the drive system are achieved by way of the added arrangement of the second locking means 30, some of the most i mportant of which have been described i n the introduction of this docu ment. For example, when the vehicle is driven with the combustion engi ne 2 running , and with the second locking means 30 in a locked position , at braking of the vehicle the electrical machine 9 may apply a braking torque on the i nput shaft 3a of the gearbox throughout the braking of the vehicle. Accordingly, the combustion engine 2 may be decoupled by way of moving the second locking means 30 to a release position before the combustion engine reaches its idling engine speed, and braking may therefore occur with a full electrical machine torque, if desired until the vehicle stops, with the planetary gear in its locked state, i.e. the first locking means 31 in a locked position.
The invention is obviously not limited in any way to the embodiments described above, but numerous possible modifications thereof should be obvious to a person skilled in the area, without such person departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The first locking means may be adapted to lock together any two of said three components.
A transmission could be arranged between the rotor and the ring gear, and also between the combustion engine's output shaft and the sun wheel, such as upstream of the shaft which is displayed in Fig.2 to be connected with the sun wheel. The latter transmission could also consist of a variable gear.
It is also conceivable that the drive system has the ring gear as the first component and the sun wheel as the third component, even if the reverse would be preferable because of the advantages mentioned above.
The methods according to the not yet published Swedish patent applications 1250711-7, 1250716-6, 1250708-3, 1250698-6, 1250706- 7, 1250699-4, 1250700-0, 1250702-6, 1250720-8, 1200394-3, 1200390-1, 1250717-4 and 1250718-2 may be carried out with the drive system configuration according to the present invention.

Claims

Claims
1. Drive system for a vehicle, wherein the drive system comprises an output shaft (2a) in a combustion engine (2), an input shaft (3a) of a gearbox (3), an electrical machine (9) comprising a stator (9a) and a rotor (9b), a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun wheel (10), a ring gear (11) and a planetary wheel carrier (12), wherein the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected with a first (10) of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of such shaft leads to a rotation of such component, wherein the input shaft (3a) of the gearbox is connected with a second (12) of said components of the planetary gear, so that a rotation of such shaft leads to a rotation of such component, and wherein the rotor (9b) of the electrical machine is connected with a third (11) of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the rotor leads to a rotation of this component, wherein the drive system also comprises a first locking means (31), which may be moved between a locked position in which two of said components are locked together so that the three components rotate with the same rotational speed, and a release position in which the components (10-12) are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds, characterised in that the drive system comprises a second locking means (30), which may be moved between a locked position in which the combustion engine's output shaft is locked to said first component
(10), and a release position, in which the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is disconnected from said first component (10), and is allowed to rotate independently. Drive system according to clai m 1 , characterised in that said second locking means (30) is adapted to, in said release position , separate a first part (32) , arranged nearest the combustion engine, of the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine from a second part (33) thereof, connected with said first component ( 1 0) of the planetary gear.
Drive system according to clai m 1 or 2, characterised in that the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine the rotor (9b) of the electrical machine and the i nput shaft (3a) of the gearbox are rotatably arranged around a com mon rotation axis (7).
Drive system according to any of the previous clai ms, characterised in that the planetary gear's sun wheel ( 1 0) is said first component and the ring gear ( 1 1 ) is said third component.
Drive system according to any of the previous clai ms, characterised in that it comprises at least one control device ( 1 8), adapted to control fuel supply to the combustion engi ne (2) and to control exchange of electrical energy between the electrical machine (9) and storage means (20) for electric energy.
Drive system accordi ng to clai m 5, characterised in that the control device (1 8) is adapted to control said locking means (30, 31 ) to be moved between said locked position and release position and, in order to lock, to control the combustion engine (2) and/or the electrical machine (9) to achieve the same rotational speed in the parts to be locked together by the respective locking means (30, 31 ) , and, subsequently, to control the locking means to be moved to a locked position and, in order to release, to control the combustion engine (2) and/or the first electrical machine (9) to achieve a torque balance between the parts to be released from each other, and, subsequently, to control the locki ng means to be moved to a release position .
Drive system according to clai m 6, characterised in that the control device ( 1 8) is adapted to control , when the vehicle is driven with the combustion engi ne (2) running , and with the second locking means (30) in a locked position at braking of the vehicle,
• the electrical machine (9) to apply a braking torque to the input shaft of the gearbox throughout the braking of the vehicle,
• the combustion engi ne (2) and the electrical machine (9) to a synchronous rotational speed of the input shaft (3a) of the gearbox, the electrical machine's rotor (9b) and the combustion engi ne's output shaft (2a) if the first locking means (31 ) is in a release position , and to move the first locking means (31 ) to a locked position ,
• the combustion engine (2) towards a zero torque between the combustion engine's output shaft (2a) and said first component (1 0) , when a certain value of the vehicle's speed is not met,
• the second locking means (30) to be moved to the release position , and
• the combustion engine towards and to idl ing speed.
Drive system accordi ng to clai m 7, characterised in that the control device ( 1 8) is adapted, when the vehicle decelerates to stop, and further in connection with control of the combustion engine (2) towards idling speed, to control the ramping down of the braking torque from the electrical machine (9) towards zero in connection with the vehicle stopping . Drive system according to any of clai ms 6-8, characterised in that the control device (1 8) is adapted to control , in order to start driving the vehicle, when the vehicle is at a standstill with the combustion engine turned off ,
• the second locking means (30) to be moved to the release
position if it is in a locked position ,
• the first locking means (31 ) to be moved to the locked position if it is i n a release position, and
• the electrical machine (9) to deliver a torque thereof, so that the requested torque is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox (3a) . 0. Vehicle comprising a drive system according to any of the
previous clai ms.
PCT/SE2014/051557 2013-12-23 2014-12-22 Propulsion system for a vehicle Ceased WO2015099591A1 (en)

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