WO2015089556A1 - Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material - Google Patents
Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015089556A1 WO2015089556A1 PCT/AU2014/001137 AU2014001137W WO2015089556A1 WO 2015089556 A1 WO2015089556 A1 WO 2015089556A1 AU 2014001137 W AU2014001137 W AU 2014001137W WO 2015089556 A1 WO2015089556 A1 WO 2015089556A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbonaceous material
- volatiles
- vessel
- char
- heat exchange
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
- C10B5/10—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with heat-exchange devices
- C10B5/20—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with heat-exchange devices with recuperators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B51/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by combined direct and indirect heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/32—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively adsorptive solids, e.g. active carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
- C10L9/083—Torrefaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/094—Char
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- pyrolysis is also a route of processing solid fuels, e.g. to produce bio-oil, biogas and biochar.
- solid fuels e.g. to produce bio-oil, biogas and biochar.
- inert carrier gas or solid is important for maximizing the overall process efficiency and economy.
- Indirect heating offers significant benefits; however, the provision of abundant heat transfer surface area remains a technical challenge.
- Bio-oil is a pyrolysis product with exceedingly complicated composition. For improving the efficiency of bio-oil upgrading (biorefinery) , it would be beneficial if bio-oil components released at the early stages of pyrolysis can be separated from those released at the later stages.
- the heat exchange medium passes in co-current direction to the carbonaceous material.
- the apparatus of an embodiment of the invention may be readily integrated with a gasifier for the reforming of volatiles and the gasification of char produced in said apparatus.
- the apparatus 10 also includes an agitator 50 for transferring carbonaceous material through the series of interconnected chambers 32 in the vessel 12 from said inlet 14 to said outlet 16.
- This arrangement also minimizes unnecessary contact of volatiles with the oxygen- containing gas to reduce consumption of the oxygen-containing gas .
- the gasifying agents from 118 and 122 may be pre-heated prior to their entry into the gasifier.
- One such way of pre-heating is to pass the gasifying agents through a heat exchanger e.g. a coiled heat exchange tube wrapped outside or inside the gasifier reactor wall. This heat exchange arrangement also contributes to the regulation of the temperature profile of the lower portion of the gasifier.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES14871164T ES2869342T3 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material |
CN201480067787.1A CN105874038B (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material |
AU2014366887A AU2014366887B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material |
EP14871164.1A EP3083886B1 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material |
US15/102,743 US9957444B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material |
CA2929977A CA2929977C (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2013904913 | 2013-12-16 | ||
AU2013904913A AU2013904913A0 (en) | 2013-12-16 | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015089556A1 true WO2015089556A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
Family
ID=53401777
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2014/001137 WO2015089556A1 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9957444B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3083886B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105874038B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2014366887B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2929977C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2869342T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015089556A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017204703A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Envigas Ab | Process and reactor for producing biochar from renewable material |
US10995274B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2021-05-04 | British Columbia Biocarbon Ltd. | Biocoal fuel product and processes and systems for the production thereof |
EP3992267A1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-04 | RWE Generation NL B.V. | Co shift unit for conversing solid waste into syngas |
CN114836243A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-02 | 西安交通大学 | Movable biomass pyrolysis gasification carbon production system and method |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4353801A1 (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2024-04-17 | Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH | Reactor device for producing a pyrolysis product |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3800865A (en) | 1970-05-16 | 1974-04-02 | Stord Bartz Industri As | Heat exchanges |
WO1996032163A1 (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1996-10-17 | Moraski Dennis P | Biomass solids gasification system and process |
WO1997044410A1 (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 1997-11-27 | Rti Resource Transforms International Ltd. | Energy efficient liquefaction of biomaterials by thermolysis |
WO2002072731A1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2002-09-19 | Dangadze, Jumber | An apparatus and process for recovery of oil from used tyres or wastes of elastomeric products |
US20080223268A1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-18 | Gehring Michael W | Freefall pyrolytic oven |
WO2012012823A1 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-02 | Curtin University Of Technology | A method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system |
US20130067806A1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Astec, Inc. | Method And Apparatus For Processing Biomass Material |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1415846A (en) * | 1918-05-09 | 1922-05-09 | Internat Coal Products Corp | Furnace-retort |
US1598217A (en) * | 1923-12-17 | 1926-08-31 | William W Odell | Gas-making and carbonizing apparatus and process |
US1972929A (en) * | 1930-11-24 | 1934-09-11 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Apparatus for coking solid carbonizable materials |
US2069421A (en) * | 1932-10-06 | 1937-02-02 | Valorisation Ind Des Combustib | Apparatus for the distillation of solid carbonizable fuel |
JPS51119701A (en) * | 1975-04-15 | 1976-10-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | A continuous external-heating dry-distillation furnace of coal |
US4123332A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1978-10-31 | Energy Recovery Research Group, Inc. | Process and apparatus for carbonizing a comminuted solid carbonizable material |
US4308103A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-29 | Energy Recovery Research Group, Inc. | Apparatus for the pyrolysis of comminuted solid carbonizable materials |
US5031693A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1991-07-16 | Sundstrand Corporation | Jet impingement plate fin heat exchanger |
WO1997030321A1 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-08-21 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Carbon/carbon heat exchanger and manufacturing method |
AU2002951194A0 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2002-10-03 | Environmental Solutions International Ltd | Conversion of sludges and carbonaceous materials |
CN100368725C (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2008-02-13 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Cleansing combustion method for coal and combustion furnace |
RU2426761C2 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2011-08-20 | Струан Глен РОБЕРТСОН | Device for treatment of substances |
CN100500807C (en) * | 2006-04-30 | 2009-06-17 | 何仁 | Biomass oil preparing process and device |
US9045693B2 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2015-06-02 | Nucor Corporation | Pyrolyzer furnace apparatus and method for operation thereof |
TWI410485B (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2013-10-01 | Enrestec Inc | Continuous steam cracking method |
DE102009053059A1 (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-19 | Schäfer Elektrotechnik und Sondermaschinen GmbH | Device, useful for producing fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like energy resource by torrefying and crushing, comprises impact reactor with rotor and impact elements, feeding devices for hot torrefying gas and energy resource |
CN201844709U (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-05-25 | 陈立德 | Heat exchange device |
CN102746898B (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-08 | 南京理工大学 | Continuous heat treatment system for biomass powder particles |
CN102925243B (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-16 | 南京理工大学 | Device and method for grading lignite by granularity and drying lignite |
CN105848755B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2018-07-10 | 雷内吉公司 | For purifying the technique of raw product gas and device |
-
2014
- 2014-12-16 AU AU2014366887A patent/AU2014366887B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-16 CA CA2929977A patent/CA2929977C/en active Active
- 2014-12-16 WO PCT/AU2014/001137 patent/WO2015089556A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-12-16 ES ES14871164T patent/ES2869342T3/en active Active
- 2014-12-16 EP EP14871164.1A patent/EP3083886B1/en active Active
- 2014-12-16 CN CN201480067787.1A patent/CN105874038B/en active Active
- 2014-12-16 US US15/102,743 patent/US9957444B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3800865A (en) | 1970-05-16 | 1974-04-02 | Stord Bartz Industri As | Heat exchanges |
WO1996032163A1 (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1996-10-17 | Moraski Dennis P | Biomass solids gasification system and process |
WO1997044410A1 (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 1997-11-27 | Rti Resource Transforms International Ltd. | Energy efficient liquefaction of biomaterials by thermolysis |
WO2002072731A1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2002-09-19 | Dangadze, Jumber | An apparatus and process for recovery of oil from used tyres or wastes of elastomeric products |
US20080223268A1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-18 | Gehring Michael W | Freefall pyrolytic oven |
WO2012012823A1 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-02 | Curtin University Of Technology | A method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system |
US20130067806A1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Astec, Inc. | Method And Apparatus For Processing Biomass Material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3083886A4 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10995274B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2021-05-04 | British Columbia Biocarbon Ltd. | Biocoal fuel product and processes and systems for the production thereof |
WO2017204703A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Envigas Ab | Process and reactor for producing biochar from renewable material |
EP3992267A1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-04 | RWE Generation NL B.V. | Co shift unit for conversing solid waste into syngas |
WO2022090122A1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-05 | Rwe Generation Nl B.V. | Co shift unit for the conversion of solid waste into syngas |
CN114836243A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-02 | 西安交通大学 | Movable biomass pyrolysis gasification carbon production system and method |
CN114836243B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-05-30 | 西安交通大学 | Mobile biomass pyrolysis gasification charcoal production system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160312124A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
US9957444B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
EP3083886A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
EP3083886B1 (en) | 2021-03-31 |
AU2014366887A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
CA2929977A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
ES2869342T3 (en) | 2021-10-25 |
EP3083886A4 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
CN105874038B (en) | 2022-01-25 |
CA2929977C (en) | 2021-12-28 |
AU2014366887B2 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
CN105874038A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11248184B2 (en) | Gasification system | |
Wang et al. | Gasification of biomass with oxygen-enriched air in a pilot scale two-stage gasifier | |
US8814961B2 (en) | Various methods and apparatuses for a radiant-heat driven chemical reactor | |
AU2014366887B2 (en) | Apparatus for pyrolysing carbonaceous material | |
JP5763618B2 (en) | Two-stage dry feed gasifier and method | |
US10035963B2 (en) | Biomass high efficiency hydrothermal reformer | |
RU2333929C1 (en) | Method and device for hard fuel gasification | |
US20220411698A1 (en) | A method and system for pyrolysis | |
WO2007081296A1 (en) | Downdraft/updraft gasifier for syngas production from solid waste | |
WO2017050231A1 (en) | Industrial furnace integrated with biomass gasification system | |
WO2015102480A2 (en) | An apparatus for producing biofuels from biomass | |
RU2544669C1 (en) | Method for processing combustible carbon- and/or hydrocarbon-containing products, and reactor for implementing it | |
RU2766422C2 (en) | Biomass gasification device | |
TW201042021A (en) | Fluidised-bed low-temperature pyrolysis of biomass for subsequent entrained-flow gasification | |
AU2008303334A1 (en) | Downdraft refuse gasification | |
WO2013006035A1 (en) | An apparatus for producing combustible gases from biomass | |
EP3918031B1 (en) | System for upgrading synthetic gas produced from waste materials, municipal solid waste or biomass | |
US8367741B2 (en) | Biomass high efficiency hydrothermal reformer | |
US20230151285A1 (en) | Tar free cross flow gasification system for moisture containing feed | |
NZ569678A (en) | Continuous pyrolysis processing unit having screw auger heat exchanger pyrolyser | |
PL227133B1 (en) | Method and arrangement of the reactor for generating high carbon monoxide gas from gasified solid fuels containing carbon, preferably from gasification of hard coal, brown coal, chars, biomass or energetic wastes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14871164 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2929977 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15102743 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2014871164 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2014871164 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014366887 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20141216 Kind code of ref document: A |