WO2015084285A1 - A smart building system with energy management ability - Google Patents

A smart building system with energy management ability Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015084285A1
WO2015084285A1 PCT/TR2014/000489 TR2014000489W WO2015084285A1 WO 2015084285 A1 WO2015084285 A1 WO 2015084285A1 TR 2014000489 W TR2014000489 W TR 2014000489W WO 2015084285 A1 WO2015084285 A1 WO 2015084285A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
loads
energy
mains
user
alternative energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2014/000489
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mehmet UZUNOĞLU
Ali Rifat BOYNUEĞRÍ
Onur ELMA
Akin TAŞCIKARAOĞLU
Original Assignee
Uzunoğlu Mehmet
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Uzunoğlu Mehmet filed Critical Uzunoğlu Mehmet
Publication of WO2015084285A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015084285A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric

Definitions

  • the invention is related with a smart building system which manages energy in buildings like houses, schools, hospitals and plazas.
  • KNX cabled control systems
  • smart building system which is the subject of invention, is to provide a building energy management system where both the comfort level and efficient use of energy are considered.
  • Smart building system includes a building with a control unit which monitors consumption of electrical loads in its body and activates and deactivates loads, at least one alternative energy resource which provides power to the building, at least one storage unit which stores electricity power produced by alternative energy resource, a weather station to forecast weather conditions in order to use energy in the most efficient way and a control unit which postpones or activates loads according to data coming from weather forecast unit, load occupancy level of storage unit and importance degrees of loads determined by the user.
  • Control unit activates loads of the system, deactivates, postpones or reactivates according to the importance hierarchy determined by the user, considering State of Charge (SOC) of storage unit, energy production forecast values of alternative energy resources which are calculated according to data coming from weather station, existence and lack of mains by using parameters like mains tariff and limit conditions of said parameters defined in the main control unit.
  • Control unit includes load information which is defined in categories like emergency loads that always need energy, automatic control loads that will be controlled without taking approval from user and controlled loads that are controlled by user approval after informing user.
  • Control unit actives-deactivates plugs and does some postponing works considering energy tariff prices of existing mains network and amount of energy consumption, and importance hierarchy of loads consuming power. Besides, amount of energy produced by each alternative energy resource and daily, weekly, monthly or interval consumption data of loads in the building are displayed in the monitor in dial indicator, graphical or table style based on energy unit and currency per time characteristics of data.
  • main control unit calculating and/or controlling energy consumed by loads or to be produced by alternative energy resources in a period determined previously
  • Smart building system has at least one alternative energy resource like solar panel or wind turbine.
  • Storage unit of system can be more than one.
  • Spare storage units can be one battery or an electrical vehicle.
  • Operation method of the system has at least one basic operation mode to be selected by the user like economy mode, comfort mode or empty house mode and according to necessities of each mode; - and considering parameters like SOC (State of Charge) of storage unit, Delta SOC condition of storage unit, energy production estimated values of alternative energy resources which will be calculated according to data coming from weather station, existence or lacking of mains and
  • SOC State of Charge
  • Delta SOC condition of storage unit energy production estimated values of alternative energy resources which will be calculated according to data coming from weather station, existence or lacking of mains and
  • loads of the system are activated, postponed by deactivating or reactivated according to importance hierarchy determined by the user.
  • the method also includes purchase of energy from mains when alternative energy resources do not produce enough energy or when there is not enough energy in storage unit, by considering cheapness state of mains tariff. Additionally, if storage unit is sufficiently full, energy is sold to mains when energy tariff is expensive.
  • Figure 1 General appearance of smart building system, the subject matter of invention.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic appearance of alternative energy resources used in smart building system, the subject matter of invention.
  • FIG. 3 Schematic appearance of storage units used in smart building system, the subject matter of invention.
  • Figure 4 Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when there is no mains for automatic control loads and energy is only met from alternative energy resources and percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a low level.
  • SOC percentage charge rate
  • Figure 5 Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when there is no mains for automatic control loads and energy is only met from alternative energy resources and percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at an intermediate level, e.g. 25-50%.
  • SOC percentage charge rate
  • Figure 6 Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when there is no mains for automatic control loads and energy is only met from alternative energy resources and percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a high level, e.g. over 50%.
  • Figure 7 Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is not sufficient for automatic control loads, that is when percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a low level, e.g. 25% when mains is used.
  • SOC percentage charge rate
  • Figure 8 Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is sufficient for automatic control loads and there is mains, and when percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at an intermediate level, e.g. 25-50%.
  • SOC percentage charge rate
  • Figure 9 Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is sufficient for automatic control loads and there is mains, and when percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a high level, e.g. over 50%.
  • SOC percentage charge rate
  • Smart building system (1) includes a smart building (11) where produced energy is used efficiently, at least one alternative energy resource (12) which provides power to the building, at least one storage unit (13) which stores electricity power produced by alternative energy resource (12), a main panel (14) responsible of transmission of produced energy to necessary units, a mains (15) to transfer energy produced by alternative energy resources (12) when necessary or to take energy from according to the charge state of storage unit (13), a weather station (16) to forecast weather conditions in order to use energy in the most efficient way, a charge station (17) to charge all kinds of electrical vehicles used outdoors and at least one inverter (18) which provides transmission of energy coming from alternative energy resources (12) to the building (11) and mains (15) or storage unit (13) in a healthy way.
  • Smart building system (1) also includes a mobile user control unit (19) providing user to manage energy inside smart building when outside.
  • smart building (11) can be an industrial building, a house or a hospital or an educational institution or a state/private institution.
  • Smart building (11) includes at least one load (111) working with electricity power, at least one smart socket (112) installed to loads or existing sockets to control loads (111) remotely, a main control unit (113) controlling and estimating energy consumed by loads (1 11) or produced by alternative energy resources (12) and at least one sensor (114) which provides detection and/or measurement works in order to use energy in the most efficient way.
  • Control unit (1 13) used in the smart building system (1) communicates with all units and includes at least one control and communication unit (1131) to control for instance loads (1 11) when necessary, a display (1134) to show user amount of energy produced by alternative energy resources (12) or consumed by loads (111), an input unit (1135) for the user to enter information and manage energy when necessary.
  • Communication of smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention, with the control unit (113) is carried out via ZigBee protocol in the preferred application of invention.
  • Control and communication unit (1131) works according to an energy management method (1132) which is prepared to manage energy. As appropriate to the said method (1132), parameters are displayed by the user via a user interface (1133) and a display (1134).
  • Mobile user control unit (19) which is used in the invention can be a mobile computer, a tablet computer or a smart phone. So user can access the system (1) in the building (1 1) via the mobile user control unit (19) which is connected to the main control unit (113) via any control unit (19 or 113) or via the internet when outside the building (11) and control energy usage (11) inside the building.
  • main control unit (113) can be in a form that can be carried by user or in a mobile form inside house.
  • Mobile user control unit (19) includes a control unit (191) to manage energy in smart building (11) when the user is outside building (11) and which transmits user selections to the system (1), a user interface (192) where system (1) parameters are presented to user (19) and an input unit (193) to do energy management when necessary and a display (194) to show energy amounts produced by alternative energy resources (12) or consumed by loads (111) via an interface (192).
  • Main control unit (113) and mobile control units (19) can be connected to the internet network and send and receive data with any remote device.
  • main control unit (113) of user communicates with main control units (113) of other users to send and receive data about consumption of devices.
  • Main control unit (113) collects energy consumption information from other users' main control units (113).
  • Main control unit (1 13) presents user consumption of similar loads (1 11) comparatively when the user demands or an important energy difference is detected.
  • Main control unit (113) even proposed brand and model to user in order to change loads (111) consuming energy more than others. For example A brand washing machine of user consumes too much energy. B brand washing machine of the other user consumes far less energy for the same amount of clothes.
  • used loads (111) can be emergency loads, automatic control loads or user controlled loads.
  • Emergency loads are those (111) which always need energy.
  • kidney machine, emergency exit lamps, respiration device, telephone etc. loads (111) can be emergency loads.
  • Automatic control loads are those (111) which can be controlled without asking user and which can be postponed when necessary for saving.
  • dishwasher, washing machine, drying machine, fridge, air-conditioner etc. loads (111) can be automatic control loads.
  • User controlled loads are loads (111) which are not controlled automatically and affecting user's comfort primarily. These loads (111) can only be postponed with user permission by giving the user state information.
  • Loads (111) like television, oven, vacuum cleaner, ironer and undefined devices plugged to free sockets are examples of user controlled loads.
  • Loads (111) inside the building (11) are ordered in the system (1) according to an importance hierarchy determined by the user. So, predefined importance hierarchy is followed when loads (1 11) are activated or deactivated.
  • Loads (111) in categories like emergency loads, automatic control loads, user controlled loads are predefined in the system (1).
  • User can change load (111) types like washing machine, dishwasher in these categories to other categories or can add new loads (111) to categories, or can exclude loads (1 11) from categories. For example user can place a new device to any category.
  • operation of a device may be very important for the user for a period but it may not be so important in another period. In this case, the user is able to change category of that device.
  • the user can change importance degree of demanded loads (111).
  • Smart socket (112) which is used in smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention, controls energy consumption.
  • Smart socket (112) has a measurement system and shows energy consumers plugged to the existing building power sockets and indicates their consumed energy and power values.
  • Smart socket (112) includes a switching element, like a relay (is not shown on the figure).
  • smart socket (112) includes communication with control and communication unit ( 1 131 ) via wireless communication and control of loads (111) and inspection unit (is not shown on figure) according to instructions coming from communication unit (1131). Smart sockets (112) can be controlled via inspection unit and provide control of sockets and so loads (11 1) according to usage priorities and comfort choices of users.
  • Smart sockets (112) active-deactivate plugs and does some postponing works considering energy tariff prices of existing mains network (15) and energy production amount and importance hierarchy of loads consuming power. By this way, energy is mostly consumed when production of alternative energy resources (12) is much. So energy consumption is realized with a lower cost.
  • energy management method (1132) is composed on web basis.
  • user can access system both inside and outside the building (11) via a control unit (113 or 19).
  • control possibility in demanded details is given to the user by the interface (1133).
  • identity inspection is done in the method (1 132) to control monitoring and controls of users.
  • consumption information of any of loads (111) in the building (11) is displayed in momentary, daily, weekly, monthly or as an interval between two dates in Watt and TL type per time on user interface (1133 or 192) in pine needle or graphics or table form.
  • An application of invention includes solar panel (121) and wind turbine (122) which are alternative energy resources (12). Energy taken from solar panel (121) is transformed into DC (direct current) electricity energy through panels integrated into the system (1). This energy is transformed into AC energy that can be used by the building (11) by inverter (18). According to applications of invention, inverters (18) that are used in the system (1) can be connected to each alternative energy resource (12) and storage unit (13) and there can also be a main inverter (18) where alternative energy resources (12) and storage units (13) are connected to as well. Panels (121) are located in the most appropriate way regarding global coordinates of the place, aspect and slope in order to increase their efficiency to the highest level.
  • Electricity energy coming from solar panels (121) is transferred to storage unit (13) through a Maximum Power Follow-Up Transformer (MPPT) or by inverter (18) to the building (11) or mains (15).
  • MPPT Maximum Power Follow-Up Transformer
  • inverter (18) With communication of MPPT with control unit or mobile user control unit (1 13 or 19), instant power amount of solar panels (121), total energy, current and voltage information are read continuously.
  • energy produced by solar panels (121) can be transferred to loads (111) of building (1 1) or to mains (15) by inverter (18). If it works independent from mains (15) and loads (11 1) do not demand energy, energy coming from solar panels (121) is cut by MPPT in order not to harm storage unit (13) with high voltage. By this way, solar energy is controlled automatically and it can also be manually controlled to switch off with connected switches.
  • DC energy produced by wind turbine (122) is transformed into 220 V AC energy by the inverter (18). Energy produced here can also be transferred to the mains (15) or loads (111) by a contactor arrangement which can again be controlled by the inverter (18).
  • energy produced by wind turbine is not sufficient (122)
  • necessary energy is supported by energy coming from solar panels (121) and storage unit (13).
  • the excess energy is transferred to storage unit (13) through inverter (18).
  • Storage unit (13) can be an electrical vehicle (131) and/or a battery (13).
  • Storage unit (13) includes an inverter (18) which transforms the stored direct current energy to alternative current.
  • energy of electrical vehicle (131) when energy of battery (13) is not sufficient, energy of electrical vehicle (131) can be used.
  • electrical energy produced by alternative energy resources (12) can be stored to electrical vehicle (131) when capacity of battery (13) is not enough.
  • electrical vehicle (131) is charged via charge station (17) using alternative energy resources (12) and electricity energy is used as fuel. With this feature, electrical vehicle (131) can be used as an alternative to vehicles with other fuels.
  • Smart building system (1) stores energy when mains (15) power is cheap with its storage units (13) and can use that energy at hours when mains power is expensive.
  • energy resources (12) are not produced sufficiently or when there is not enough energy in storage unit (13)
  • energy stored in storage unit (13) is sold to mains with certain prices if it is demanded.
  • electrical charge station (17) electrical vehicle (131) can also be used for the same purpose.
  • gel type battery (13) is used inside smart building system (1) which is suitable for dynamical charge and discharge.
  • the system (1) has protection devices like fuses on its board (14), devices which are defined as communication units and contractors which are called as switching elements.
  • Board (14) is an element where necessary connections are done to transfer energy. So it is used to direct energy. For example board (14) can transfer energy coming from alternative energy resources (12) to storage unit (13) or building (11) or to the mains (15). Similarly, it can direct energy coming from the mains (15) to building (11) or storage units (13) or both of them.
  • Board (14) is the main unit of giving direction to energy. Energy can reach main board (14) through control signals main control unit (113) or through mobile user control unit (19) or it can reach through inverter (18) system. There are smart inverters in the market and these inverters can be programmed. Besides, inverter (18) can be controlled via control unit or mobile user control unit (113 or 19) and thus inverter (18) can also control main board (14). By this way, control of main board (14) can be done through inverter (18) too.
  • Control unit or mobile user control unit includes at least one control and communication unit (1131) which provides communication with related units; that is energy resources (12), sockets (112), loads (11 1), storage units (13), weather station (16), charge station (17) and main board (14).
  • Control and communication unit (1131) in the body of main control unit (113) provides two way communication between loads (111) used in smart building (11) and user.
  • IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee protocol one of the most appropriate short access wireless (KET) communication technologies used in smart network applications is used in control and communication unit (1131).
  • KET short access wireless
  • control and communication unit (1131) When the user is outside the building (11), he/she sees energy management and data in the building via the internet.
  • ZigBee brings a suitable standard for inspection of energy transmission and consumption, control and automation and provides control, automation and inspection of all kinds of loads (111) via the main control unit (113) when the user is inside the building (11) and gives users the possibility to make saving in energy and economy in order to create a environmentally friendly and smart buildings (11).
  • RS-485 and RS-232 protocols are also used in smart building system's (1) control and communication unit (1 131) as well as ZigBee protocol.
  • ZigBee protocol or Wi-Fi protocol is used for communication of sockets (112) and wind turbine (122) with control and communication unit (1131).
  • Current system (1) and energy management system (1132) are created in a modular structure.
  • sockets (112) and these loads (111) communicate through control and communication unit (1131) via ZigBee protocol while solar panels (121) communicate with inverter (18) via MPPT unit using cabled communication protocol RS485.
  • solar panels (121) communicate with control and communication unit via inverter (18) using RS232 protocol.
  • ZigBee type communication protocols are not obligatory of systems like solar panels. They can communicate in any way. ZigBee is a communication type selected in an application of invention.
  • Smart building system (1) the subject matter of invention, is composed considering more efficient and economic use of electrical energy with its smart building (11) energy management method (1132) and new control and communication units (1131).
  • Smart building system (1) can meet smart building (11) energy and daily energy requirement of an electrical vehicle (131) via an electrical charge station with alternative energy resources and the excess production can be given to the mains (15) in appropriate conditions.
  • both efficiently energy production and efficient energy consumption are increased importantly.
  • carbon emissions are reduced in an important rate due to saved energy amounts during production and consumption.
  • Building energy management system (1132) in smart building system (1) manages energy considering whether there is mains (15) power, tariff situation and charge state of storage unit (13).
  • Tariff data is examined when there is mains (15) power.
  • triple tariff is taken as basis which is used in Turkey. This triple tariff is divided as expensive, cheap and intermediate tariff.
  • the method (1132) postpones loads (111) according to tariff pricing while energy is taken from the mains (15) and operates loads (11 1) in the cheapest tariff as much as possible. If sufficient energy can be taken from alternative energy resources (12), then charge state of storage unit (13) is checked in building energy management method (1132). When energy of storage unit (13) begins to decay, loads (111) are postponed according to importance degree in the method (1132). When storage unit (13) approaches full charge, postponed loads (11 1) are activated to avoid full charge of storage unit (13).
  • Sensors (114) of smart building (11) can be various types and can have various usages.
  • User loads (111) include sensors (1 14) of types which can take electrical parameters of user loads (111). These sensors (114) also communicate with control and communication unit (1131) which controls energy management method (1132). They (114) are responsible from reading and transferring data of loads (11 1) like power and energy. By these sensors (114) loads (111) are controlled in order to use energy in the minimum amount.Other type sensors (114) are temperature sensors and sensors (114) which measure interior and exterior temperature, moisture and illumination levels. Another sensor (114) type is movement sensors. Various loads (111) are activated or deactivated by these sensors (114) considering whether there is a user inside the building.
  • Energy management method (1 132) is carried out by the main control unit (113) as follows in smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention.
  • the method (1 132) is based on reducing cost of energy consumed by loads (111) inside building (11) to the minimum, considering current production of alternative energy resources (12) of smart building (11) and their future production estimations, electrical mains tariff and current situation of storage units (13).
  • operation types and hours of some loads (111) can be change by affecting comfort of the end user in minimum or user is informed about changes and decision is left to the user.
  • Energy management method (1132) of main control unit (1 13) has 3 basic operation modes.
  • i) Economy mode Represents the state of maximum savingby postponing some loads (111) as far as permitted by the user.
  • Comfort mode Represents the state where loads (1 11) in the building (11) work without decreasing comfort level of the user.
  • Control and communication unit (1 131) continuously controls storage unit (13) in economy mode.
  • Control and communication unit (1131) decides on the way of energy management according to charge state of storage unit (13) and considering energy control method (1132).
  • System parameters like SOC (State of Charge), Delta SOC, estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12), condition of mains and mains tariff can have different values in each system according to system (1) parameters, values of storage units used in the system (1), capacities of alternative energy resources (12) and amount of loads (11).
  • system (1) is defined in two ways like existence and lack of mains. Besides, loads (111) area activated or deactivated according to control parameters of system (1), that is SOC, Delta SOC, estimated production of alternative energy resources (12), mains tariffs state as low, intermediate or high and operation logic used in the main control unit (1 13) and according to predefined limits.
  • Main control unit (113) is able to work in an operation logic based on learning like artificial neural network, fuzzy logic etc. Limit values of control parameters are determined during system (1) installation in the main control unit (113). Importance degrees of loads (111) in the main control unit are determined by the users after the system is installed (1).
  • charge state of storage unit (13) indicates how much (SOC) value changes in a determined time. As an example, if the storage unit (13) decrease from 80% to 75% in a predefined period, e.g. 15 minutes, Delta SOC will be -5%. As another example, if the storage unit (13) increase from 20% to 30% in a predefined period, e.g. 15 minutes, Delta SOC will be +10%.
  • Total production of alternative energy resources (12) is estimated according to data coming from weather station (16). Weather station (16) takes measurements and control unit (113) realizes estimation according to these measurement data.
  • control unit (113) estimates the amount of energy that will be produced according to the wind or sun force that will be seen in the next 2 hours and uses this estimation in the energy management method (1132) inside smart building system (1). Besides, control unit (113) shares this data with users and provides management changes in the system (1) according to this weather condition. In case of economy mode, if there is no mains (15) for automatic control loads and when energy is only taken from alternative energy resources (12), and if percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is low, e.g. lower than 25%, the main control unit (113) is operated according to the following method (100) steps.
  • SOC percentage charge level
  • this load/these loads (111) are activated according to predefined importance hierarchy ( 103).
  • deactivated automatic control loads are activated according to predefined importance hierarchy (302).
  • Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future decreases and the mains is at expensive tariff, considering decreasing value of the estimation done, automatic control loads are deactivated according to the importance hierarchy (401).
  • Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future increases and the mains is at cheap tariff, considering increasing value of the estimation done, automatic control loads are activated according to the importance hierarchy (402).
  • Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future increases and the mains is at intermediate or cheap tariff, or estimation value decreases and the mains is at cheap tariff, based on values, connected loads are activated or deactivated (403).
  • comfort mode when there is no mains (15), that is energy is supplied from alternative energy resources (12), energy management of economy mode is generally applied to all load (111) types. But as in all cases, the user has the right to cancel postponements. However, when there is mains (15), in activation/deactivation and especially postponement situations, there will be no intervention other than comfort conditions determined by the user in the system (1) before (for example dishwasher should finish working at 8.00 pm a the latest or keeping air-conditioner at 25 °C continuously).
  • loads (111) defined by the user are deactivated and these loads (111) are not activated until the user returns smart building (111).
  • loads (111) like iron are left at the socket Besides, if the user demands, loads (1 11) like illumination devices in smart building (11), can be operated in certain periods in order to give the feeling that there is a user in the smart building (11).
  • information like determination of an unauthorized user in the smart building (11) or abnormal operation of loads (111) are sent to the user.
  • energy coming from alternative energy resources (12) charges any storage unit (13) that is demanded to be charged with priority. When storage unit or units (13) are full, energy is transferred to the mains (15) and if pricing is in question, this energy is sold to the mains (15).
  • the system (1) includes a complete smart building system (1) which benefits from alternative energy resources (12) and controls energy consumption.
  • Smart building system (1) is designed to meet daily energy demand of smart building (11) and an electrical vehicle (114) with its alternative energy resources (12).
  • the most important parameter in meeting the determined energy demand is percentage charge state (SOC) of storage unit (13). If this parameter goes down a predefined value, smart building system (1) postpones loads (1 11) and tries to reduce energy purchase from the mains (15) to the minimum. For this purpose, information coming from smart sockets (112) coming to loads (111) in each building (1 1) is used.
  • SOC percentage charge state

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Abstract

The invention is about a smart building system (1), which includes at least one alternative energy resource (12) providing power to the building (11), at least one storage unit (13) which stores electricity power produced by alternative energy resource (12), a weather station (16) to forecast weather conditions in order to use energy in the most efficient way, and a control unit (111) which postpones or activates loads (111) according to data coming from weather forecast unit (16), load occupancy level of storage unit (13) and importance degrees of loads (111) and monitors consumption of electrical loads (111).

Description

INSTRUCTION BOOK
A SMART BUILDING SYSTEM WITH ENERGY MANAGEMENT
ABILITY Technical area of invention
The invention is related with a smart building system which manages energy in buildings like houses, schools, hospitals and plazas.
Previous Technique
Today, studies on smart buildings using automation systems generally focus on comfort of users. In current building automation systems, the cabled control systems, that are called KNX, are used widespread. However, as control is carried out on line basis in KNX system, this system does not permit plug based control of electrical loads in a great extent. Besides, KNX system needs installing additional cable lines for control. This necessitates a serious amendment in existing buildings and increases cost.
Fast development of wireless technologies cleared the way for studies related with smart cities, smart networks and smart buildings. There are especially many examples of effective energy usage studies about smart buildings. There are also some examples which meet energy demand of smart buildings from alternative energy resources. The patent document with the application number US8369997, which is one of state of the art examples, indicates ways to minimize mains power by using alternative energy resources like solar panel and wind turbine. All systems in building and office are provided by wireless management mechanisms (like the internet). So power is managed, stored and used efficiently. This invention mentions about temperature sensors in order to measure temperature inside the building. The said document also mentions about heating and cooling control. Brief Explanation of the Invention
The purpose of smart building system, which is the subject of invention, is to provide a building energy management system where both the comfort level and efficient use of energy are considered.
Other purposes of the invention are decreasing mains losses, increasing energy saving, using alternative energy resources more efficiently and reducing carbon emissions by these benefits.
System, which is the subject matter of invention, provides an important energy saving by continuously informing users about their energy consumptions. The double option system will also benefit much to country's economy by its features of energy production, storage, purchase and sales energy when advantageous according to the tariff condition of the mains.
Smart building system, the subject matter of invention, includes a building with a control unit which monitors consumption of electrical loads in its body and activates and deactivates loads, at least one alternative energy resource which provides power to the building, at least one storage unit which stores electricity power produced by alternative energy resource, a weather station to forecast weather conditions in order to use energy in the most efficient way and a control unit which postpones or activates loads according to data coming from weather forecast unit, load occupancy level of storage unit and importance degrees of loads determined by the user.
Control unit activates loads of the system, deactivates, postpones or reactivates according to the importance hierarchy determined by the user, considering State of Charge (SOC) of storage unit, energy production forecast values of alternative energy resources which are calculated according to data coming from weather station, existence and lack of mains by using parameters like mains tariff and limit conditions of said parameters defined in the main control unit. Control unit includes load information which is defined in categories like emergency loads that always need energy, automatic control loads that will be controlled without taking approval from user and controlled loads that are controlled by user approval after informing user. Control unit actives-deactivates plugs and does some postponing works considering energy tariff prices of existing mains network and amount of energy consumption, and importance hierarchy of loads consuming power. Besides, amount of energy produced by each alternative energy resource and daily, weekly, monthly or interval consumption data of loads in the building are displayed in the monitor in dial indicator, graphical or table style based on energy unit and currency per time characteristics of data.
Building includes
- at least one socket installed to loads or existing sockets in the building and provides control of loads with inspection unit and switching element to control loads remotely,
- a main control unit calculating and/or controlling energy consumed by loads or to be produced by alternative energy resources in a period determined previously
- and at least one sensor which provides detection and/or measurement works in order to use energy in the most efficient way.
Smart building system has at least one alternative energy resource like solar panel or wind turbine. Storage unit of system can be more than one. Spare storage units can be one battery or an electrical vehicle.
Operation method of the system, the subject matter of invention, has at least one basic operation mode to be selected by the user like economy mode, comfort mode or empty house mode and according to necessities of each mode; - and considering parameters like SOC (State of Charge) of storage unit, Delta SOC condition of storage unit, energy production estimated values of alternative energy resources which will be calculated according to data coming from weather station, existence or lacking of mains and
limit conditions of said parameters determined in main control unit, loads of the system are activated, postponed by deactivating or reactivated according to importance hierarchy determined by the user.
The method also includes purchase of energy from mains when alternative energy resources do not produce enough energy or when there is not enough energy in storage unit, by considering cheapness state of mains tariff. Additionally, if storage unit is sufficiently full, energy is sold to mains when energy tariff is expensive.
Detailed explanation of the invention Explanation of figures:
Figure 1: General appearance of smart building system, the subject matter of invention.
Figure 2: Schematic appearance of alternative energy resources used in smart building system, the subject matter of invention.
Figure 3: Schematic appearance of storage units used in smart building system, the subject matter of invention.
Figure 4: Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when there is no mains for automatic control loads and energy is only met from alternative energy resources and percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a low level.
Figure 5: Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when there is no mains for automatic control loads and energy is only met from alternative energy resources and percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at an intermediate level, e.g. 25-50%.
Figure 6: Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when there is no mains for automatic control loads and energy is only met from alternative energy resources and percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a high level, e.g. over 50%. Figure 7: Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is not sufficient for automatic control loads, that is when percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a low level, e.g. 25% when mains is used.
Figure 8: Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is sufficient for automatic control loads and there is mains, and when percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at an intermediate level, e.g. 25-50%.
Figure 9: Schematic appearance of energy management of smart building system, the subject matter of invention, at economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is sufficient for automatic control loads and there is mains, and when percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a high level, e.g. over 50%.
Explanation of references given in figures:
For the purpose of this invention, parts in annexed figures are numbered individually and meanings of these numbers are given below. I- Smart building system
I I- Building
11 1- Load
112- Socket
113- Control unit
1131- Control and communication unit
1132- Energy management method
1133- Interface
1134- Display
1135- Input Unit
114- Sensor
12- Alternative energy resource
121- Solar panel
122- Wind turbine
13- Storage unit
131- Electrical vehicle
132- Battery
14- Panel
15- Mains
16- Weather station
17- Charge station
18- Inverter
19- Mobile user control unit
191. Control unit
192. Interface
193. Input Unit
194. Display
Smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention, includes a smart building (11) where produced energy is used efficiently, at least one alternative energy resource (12) which provides power to the building, at least one storage unit (13) which stores electricity power produced by alternative energy resource (12), a main panel (14) responsible of transmission of produced energy to necessary units, a mains (15) to transfer energy produced by alternative energy resources (12) when necessary or to take energy from according to the charge state of storage unit (13), a weather station (16) to forecast weather conditions in order to use energy in the most efficient way, a charge station (17) to charge all kinds of electrical vehicles used outdoors and at least one inverter (18) which provides transmission of energy coming from alternative energy resources (12) to the building (11) and mains (15) or storage unit (13) in a healthy way. Smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention, also includes a mobile user control unit (19) providing user to manage energy inside smart building when outside.
According to applications of invention, smart building (11) can be an industrial building, a house or a hospital or an educational institution or a state/private institution.
Smart building (11) includes at least one load (111) working with electricity power, at least one smart socket (112) installed to loads or existing sockets to control loads (111) remotely, a main control unit (113) controlling and estimating energy consumed by loads (1 11) or produced by alternative energy resources (12) and at least one sensor (114) which provides detection and/or measurement works in order to use energy in the most efficient way.
Control unit (1 13) used in the smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention, communicates with all units and includes at least one control and communication unit (1131) to control for instance loads (1 11) when necessary, a display (1134) to show user amount of energy produced by alternative energy resources (12) or consumed by loads (111), an input unit (1135) for the user to enter information and manage energy when necessary. Communication of smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention, with the control unit (113) is carried out via ZigBee protocol in the preferred application of invention.
Control and communication unit (1131) works according to an energy management method (1132) which is prepared to manage energy. As appropriate to the said method (1132), parameters are displayed by the user via a user interface (1133) and a display (1134).
Mobile user control unit (19) which is used in the invention can be a mobile computer, a tablet computer or a smart phone. So user can access the system (1) in the building (1 1) via the mobile user control unit (19) which is connected to the main control unit (113) via any control unit (19 or 113) or via the internet when outside the building (11) and control energy usage (11) inside the building. In an application of the invention, main control unit (113) can be in a form that can be carried by user or in a mobile form inside house.
Mobile user control unit (19) includes a control unit (191) to manage energy in smart building (11) when the user is outside building (11) and which transmits user selections to the system (1), a user interface (192) where system (1) parameters are presented to user (19) and an input unit (193) to do energy management when necessary and a display (194) to show energy amounts produced by alternative energy resources (12) or consumed by loads (111) via an interface (192).
Main control unit (113) and mobile control units (19) can be connected to the internet network and send and receive data with any remote device.
For example, in an application of the invention, main control unit (113) of user communicates with main control units (113) of other users to send and receive data about consumption of devices. In this application, only consumption information of devices are stored and shared without giving individual information of users due to cyber security. Main control unit (113) collects energy consumption information from other users' main control units (113). Main control unit (1 13) presents user consumption of similar loads (1 11) comparatively when the user demands or an important energy difference is detected. Main control unit (113) even proposed brand and model to user in order to change loads (111) consuming energy more than others. For example A brand washing machine of user consumes too much energy. B brand washing machine of the other user consumes far less energy for the same amount of clothes. In this case, main control unit (113) gives an appropriate suggestion to the user via display interface (1133). So user can regard this issue when buying a new washing machine. This will lead users at machine renewal stage especially in countries like Turkey where older type machines of 20 years ago are used frequently. So a big benefit to user and country economies will be provided.
According to applications of the invention, used loads (111) can be emergency loads, automatic control loads or user controlled loads. Emergency loads are those (111) which always need energy. For example kidney machine, emergency exit lamps, respiration device, telephone etc. loads (111) can be emergency loads. Automatic control loads are those (111) which can be controlled without asking user and which can be postponed when necessary for saving. For example dishwasher, washing machine, drying machine, fridge, air-conditioner etc. loads (111) can be automatic control loads. User controlled loads are loads (111) which are not controlled automatically and affecting user's comfort primarily. These loads (111) can only be postponed with user permission by giving the user state information. Loads (111) like television, oven, vacuum cleaner, ironer and undefined devices plugged to free sockets are examples of user controlled loads. Loads (111) inside the building (11) are ordered in the system (1) according to an importance hierarchy determined by the user. So, predefined importance hierarchy is followed when loads (1 11) are activated or deactivated. Loads (111) in categories like emergency loads, automatic control loads, user controlled loads are predefined in the system (1). User can change load (111) types like washing machine, dishwasher in these categories to other categories or can add new loads (111) to categories, or can exclude loads (1 11) from categories. For example user can place a new device to any category. As another example, operation of a device may be very important for the user for a period but it may not be so important in another period. In this case, the user is able to change category of that device. Thus, the user can change importance degree of demanded loads (111).
Smart socket (112), which is used in smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention, controls energy consumption. Smart socket (112) has a measurement system and shows energy consumers plugged to the existing building power sockets and indicates their consumed energy and power values. Smart socket (112) includes a switching element, like a relay (is not shown on the figure). Besides, smart socket (112) includes communication with control and communication unit ( 1 131 ) via wireless communication and control of loads (111) and inspection unit (is not shown on figure) according to instructions coming from communication unit (1131). Smart sockets (112) can be controlled via inspection unit and provide control of sockets and so loads (11 1) according to usage priorities and comfort choices of users. Smart sockets (112) active-deactivate plugs and does some postponing works considering energy tariff prices of existing mains network (15) and energy production amount and importance hierarchy of loads consuming power. By this way, energy is mostly consumed when production of alternative energy resources (12) is much. So energy consumption is realized with a lower cost.
In an application of the invention, energy management method (1132) is composed on web basis. In this application user can access system both inside and outside the building (11) via a control unit (113 or 19). In energy management method (1132), control possibility in demanded details is given to the user by the interface (1133). Besides, identity inspection is done in the method (1 132) to control monitoring and controls of users. In an application of the invention, consumption information of any of loads (111) in the building (11) is displayed in momentary, daily, weekly, monthly or as an interval between two dates in Watt and TL type per time on user interface (1133 or 192) in pine needle or graphics or table form. Besides, TL information corresponding to total Watt and consumed energy of all loads (111) in the selected time are given via interface (1133) in order to provide the user to make a comparison. Energy amount produced by each alternative energy resource 812) can also be seen from this interface (1133). Furthermore, user sees electricity price and which loads (111) should be operated often through user friendly interface (1133) and decides on the matter. For example the user can realize that washing machine is operated too much and consumed too much energy in a month in the interface (1 133) and can decide to operate washing machine less in the following month.
An application of invention includes solar panel (121) and wind turbine (122) which are alternative energy resources (12). Energy taken from solar panel (121) is transformed into DC (direct current) electricity energy through panels integrated into the system (1). This energy is transformed into AC energy that can be used by the building (11) by inverter (18). According to applications of invention, inverters (18) that are used in the system (1) can be connected to each alternative energy resource (12) and storage unit (13) and there can also be a main inverter (18) where alternative energy resources (12) and storage units (13) are connected to as well. Panels (121) are located in the most appropriate way regarding global coordinates of the place, aspect and slope in order to increase their efficiency to the highest level. Electricity energy coming from solar panels (121) is transferred to storage unit (13) through a Maximum Power Follow-Up Transformer (MPPT) or by inverter (18) to the building (11) or mains (15). With communication of MPPT with control unit or mobile user control unit (1 13 or 19), instant power amount of solar panels (121), total energy, current and voltage information are read continuously. Considering charge state of storage unit (13), energy produced by solar panels (121) can be transferred to loads (111) of building (1 1) or to mains (15) by inverter (18). If it works independent from mains (15) and loads (11 1) do not demand energy, energy coming from solar panels (121) is cut by MPPT in order not to harm storage unit (13) with high voltage. By this way, solar energy is controlled automatically and it can also be manually controlled to switch off with connected switches. DC energy produced by wind turbine (122) is transformed into 220 V AC energy by the inverter (18). Energy produced here can also be transferred to the mains (15) or loads (111) by a contactor arrangement which can again be controlled by the inverter (18). When energy produced by wind turbine is not sufficient (122), necessary energy is supported by energy coming from solar panels (121) and storage unit (13). When the energy produced by wind turbine (122) is more than the energy needed by loads (111), the excess energy is transferred to storage unit (13) through inverter (18).
Storage unit (13) can be an electrical vehicle (131) and/or a battery (13). Storage unit (13) includes an inverter (18) which transforms the stored direct current energy to alternative current. In an application of invention, when energy of battery (13) is not sufficient, energy of electrical vehicle (131) can be used. In another application, electrical energy produced by alternative energy resources (12) can be stored to electrical vehicle (131) when capacity of battery (13) is not enough. In another application of invention, electrical vehicle (131) is charged via charge station (17) using alternative energy resources (12) and electricity energy is used as fuel. With this feature, electrical vehicle (131) can be used as an alternative to vehicles with other fuels. Smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention, stores energy when mains (15) power is cheap with its storage units (13) and can use that energy at hours when mains power is expensive. When alternative energy resources (12) are not produced sufficiently or when there is not enough energy in storage unit (13), energy is purchased from the mains (15) considering tariff conditions too. Besides, energy stored in storage unit (13) is sold to mains with certain prices if it is demanded. Furthermore, by electrical charge station (17) electrical vehicle (131) can also be used for the same purpose. In an application of invention, gel type battery (13) is used inside smart building system (1) which is suitable for dynamical charge and discharge.
• The system (1), the subject matter of invention, has protection devices like fuses on its board (14), devices which are defined as communication units and contractors which are called as switching elements. Board (14) is an element where necessary connections are done to transfer energy. So it is used to direct energy. For example board (14) can transfer energy coming from alternative energy resources (12) to storage unit (13) or building (11) or to the mains (15). Similarly, it can direct energy coming from the mains (15) to building (11) or storage units (13) or both of them. Board (14) is the main unit of giving direction to energy. Energy can reach main board (14) through control signals main control unit (113) or through mobile user control unit (19) or it can reach through inverter (18) system. There are smart inverters in the market and these inverters can be programmed. Besides, inverter (18) can be controlled via control unit or mobile user control unit (113 or 19) and thus inverter (18) can also control main board (14). By this way, control of main board (14) can be done through inverter (18) too.
Control unit or mobile user control unit (113 or 19) includes at least one control and communication unit (1131) which provides communication with related units; that is energy resources (12), sockets (112), loads (11 1), storage units (13), weather station (16), charge station (17) and main board (14).
Control and communication unit (1131) in the body of main control unit (113) provides two way communication between loads (111) used in smart building (11) and user. In the preferred application of invention, IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee protocol, one of the most appropriate short access wireless (KET) communication technologies used in smart network applications is used in control and communication unit (1131). When the user is outside the building (11), he/she sees energy management and data in the building via the internet. ZigBee brings a suitable standard for inspection of energy transmission and consumption, control and automation and provides control, automation and inspection of all kinds of loads (111) via the main control unit (113) when the user is inside the building (11) and gives users the possibility to make saving in energy and economy in order to create a environmentally friendly and smart buildings (11).
It processes data to loads (111), weather station (16), charge station (17), storage units (13) and control and communication unit (1132) via alternative energy resources (12), sockets (112) by wireless or cabledcommunication and special gateways.
It also communicates with MPPT device control and communication unit (1131). RS-485 and RS-232 protocols are also used in smart building system's (1) control and communication unit (1 131) as well as ZigBee protocol. In an application of invention, ZigBee protocol or Wi-Fi protocol is used for communication of sockets (112) and wind turbine (122) with control and communication unit (1131). Current system (1) and energy management system (1132) are created in a modular structure. Besides, sockets (112) and these loads (111) communicate through control and communication unit (1131) via ZigBee protocol while solar panels (121) communicate with inverter (18) via MPPT unit using cabled communication protocol RS485. Here solar panels (121) communicate with control and communication unit via inverter (18) using RS232 protocol. Thus, energy produced by solar panel (121) can be displayed by defined users on interface (1133) on the control unit (113). ZigBee type communication protocols are not obligatory of systems like solar panels. They can communicate in any way. ZigBee is a communication type selected in an application of invention.
System (1), the subject matter of invention, is composed considering more efficient and economic use of electrical energy with its smart building (11) energy management method (1132) and new control and communication units (1131). Smart building system (1) can meet smart building (11) energy and daily energy requirement of an electrical vehicle (131) via an electrical charge station with alternative energy resources and the excess production can be given to the mains (15) in appropriate conditions. By this system, both efficiently energy production and efficient energy consumption are increased importantly. Besides, carbon emissions are reduced in an important rate due to saved energy amounts during production and consumption.
Building energy management system (1132) in smart building system (1) manages energy considering whether there is mains (15) power, tariff situation and charge state of storage unit (13). Tariff data is examined when there is mains (15) power. In a preferred application of invention, triple tariff is taken as basis which is used in Turkey. This triple tariff is divided as expensive, cheap and intermediate tariff. On the international scale, changes can be done on the method (1132) by taking tariff of any special country as basis. The method (1132) postpones loads (111) according to tariff pricing while energy is taken from the mains (15) and operates loads (11 1) in the cheapest tariff as much as possible. If sufficient energy can be taken from alternative energy resources (12), then charge state of storage unit (13) is checked in building energy management method (1132). When energy of storage unit (13) begins to decay, loads (111) are postponed according to importance degree in the method (1132). When storage unit (13) approaches full charge, postponed loads (11 1) are activated to avoid full charge of storage unit (13).
Sensors (114) of smart building (11) can be various types and can have various usages. User loads (111) include sensors (1 14) of types which can take electrical parameters of user loads (111). These sensors (114) also communicate with control and communication unit (1131) which controls energy management method (1132). They (114) are responsible from reading and transferring data of loads (11 1) like power and energy. By these sensors (114) loads (111) are controlled in order to use energy in the minimum amount.Other type sensors (114) are temperature sensors and sensors (114) which measure interior and exterior temperature, moisture and illumination levels. Another sensor (114) type is movement sensors. Various loads (111) are activated or deactivated by these sensors (114) considering whether there is a user inside the building. Another sensor (114) type is meteorology sensors and these sensors (114) can be those taking temperature, wind speed, direction and radiation data. Energy management method (1 132) is carried out by the main control unit (113) as follows in smart building system (1), the subject matter of invention. The method (1 132) is based on reducing cost of energy consumed by loads (111) inside building (11) to the minimum, considering current production of alternative energy resources (12) of smart building (11) and their future production estimations, electrical mains tariff and current situation of storage units (13). For this purpose, according to the selected operation mode, operation types and hours of some loads (111) can be change by affecting comfort of the end user in minimum or user is informed about changes and decision is left to the user.
Energy management method (1132) of main control unit (1 13) has 3 basic operation modes. i) Economy mode: Represents the state of maximum savingby postponing some loads (111) as far as permitted by the user.
2) Comfort mode: Represents the state where loads (1 11) in the building (11) work without decreasing comfort level of the user.
3) Empty house mode: Represents the state when users of building (11) leave it (11) in changeable times.
In economy mode energy management method (1132), emergency loads, automatic control loads and user controlled loads area as follows.
In economy mode, energy of emergency loads (11 1) is not switched off in any condition. Control and communication unit (1 131) continuously controls storage unit (13) in economy mode. Control and communication unit (1131) decides on the way of energy management according to charge state of storage unit (13) and considering energy control method (1132).
System parameters like SOC (State of Charge), Delta SOC, estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12), condition of mains and mains tariff can have different values in each system according to system (1) parameters, values of storage units used in the system (1), capacities of alternative energy resources (12) and amount of loads (11). For this reason, system (1) is defined in two ways like existence and lack of mains. Besides, loads (111) area activated or deactivated according to control parameters of system (1), that is SOC, Delta SOC, estimated production of alternative energy resources (12), mains tariffs state as low, intermediate or high and operation logic used in the main control unit (1 13) and according to predefined limits. Main control unit (113) is able to work in an operation logic based on learning like artificial neural network, fuzzy logic etc. Limit values of control parameters are determined during system (1) installation in the main control unit (113). Importance degrees of loads (111) in the main control unit are determined by the users after the system is installed (1).
In the method (1132), the subject matter of invention, operation time of deactivated loads (111) postponed in a way not affecting comfort of users and they are reactivated in an appropriate time.
If a definition is done for Delta SOC value that will be used in the method (1132), charge state of storage unit (13) indicates how much (SOC) value changes in a determined time. As an example, if the storage unit (13) decrease from 80% to 75% in a predefined period, e.g. 15 minutes, Delta SOC will be -5%. As another example, if the storage unit (13) increase from 20% to 30% in a predefined period, e.g. 15 minutes, Delta SOC will be +10%. Total production of alternative energy resources (12) is estimated according to data coming from weather station (16). Weather station (16) takes measurements and control unit (113) realizes estimation according to these measurement data. For example, control unit (113) estimates the amount of energy that will be produced according to the wind or sun force that will be seen in the next 2 hours and uses this estimation in the energy management method (1132) inside smart building system (1). Besides, control unit (113) shares this data with users and provides management changes in the system (1) according to this weather condition. In case of economy mode, if there is no mains (15) for automatic control loads and when energy is only taken from alternative energy resources (12), and if percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is low, e.g. lower than 25%, the main control unit (113) is operated according to the following method (100) steps. - In case both current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future decrease, all automatic control loads are deactivated and only emergency loads are continued to be activated (101). - In case one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increases and the other decreases, considering increase and decrease values, automatic control loads are activated or deactivated according to predefined importance hierarchy (102).
- In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, and if there is automatic control loads waiting to be activated, this load/these loads (111) are activated according to predefined importance hierarchy ( 103).
In economy mode, if there is no mains (15) for automatic control loads and when energy is only taken from alternative energy resources (12), and percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is intermediate, e.g. between 25%-50%, the main control unit (113) is operated according to the following method (200) steps.
- In case both current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future decrease, based on decreasing value, automatic control loads are deactivated and if necessary only emergency loads are continued to be activated (201).
- In case one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increases and the other decreases, considering increase and decrease values, automatic control loads are activated or deactivated according to predefined importance hierarchy (202).
- In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, and based on not postponing of operation of any load and highness of both values, automatic control loads are activated according to predefined importance hierarchy (203).
In economy mode, if there is no mains (15) for automatic control loads and when energy is taken from alternative energy resources (12), and if percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is high, e.g. higher than 50%, the main control unit (113) is operated according to the following method (300) steps.
- In case at least one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future decreases, considering increase and decrease values, automatic control loads are activated or deactivated according to predefined importance hierarchy (301).
- In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, considering increase values, based on highness of both values, deactivated automatic control loads are activated according to predefined importance hierarchy (302).
In economy mode, if there is electricity mains (15), energy is purchased-sold to from and to the mains (15) considering tariff value of electricity mains (15) and sufficiency of energy produced by alternative energy resources (12). In this case, when charge state (SOC) of storage unit (13) is at intermediate and high level, that is loads (111) can be fed by alternative energy resources (12), energy management method (1132) is generally the same with usage of the mains (15) as explained above. The only difference is that if SOC value is low, for example under 25%, energy is taken from the mains (15) instead of storage unit (13). On other conditions, energy is taken from alternative energy resources (12). The reason of this is the necessity to keep an amount of energy at storage unit (13) for emergency situations. However, when energy is taken from the mains (15), by also considering price information corresponding to the mains (15) tariff, it is decided whether to apply postponing to operate loads (111). When tariff is a cheap one for purchase, loads are not postponed. In economy mode, if production amount of alternative energy resources (12) is not sufficient for automatic control loads, that is if percentage charge state (SOC) of storage unit (13) is low, e.g. 25% when the mains is used (15), main control unit (113) works according to the following method (400) steps. In this case, Delta SOC value does not decrease as storage units (13) will not be used to supply loads.
- As long as Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future decreases and the mains is at expensive tariff, considering decreasing value of the estimation done, automatic control loads are deactivated according to the importance hierarchy (401).
- As long as Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future increases and the mains is at cheap tariff, considering increasing value of the estimation done, automatic control loads are activated according to the importance hierarchy (402).
- As long as Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future increases and the mains is at intermediate or cheap tariff, or estimation value decreases and the mains is at cheap tariff, based on values, connected loads are activated or deactivated (403).
In economy mode, if production amount of alternative energy resources (12) is sufficient for automatic control loads, there is mains (15) power, and percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is intermediate, e.g. between 25%-50%, the main control unit (113) is operated according to the following method (500) steps.
- In case one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increases and the other decreases, considering also the tariff value, automatic control loads are activated or deactivated according to predefined importance hierarchy (501).
- In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, not regarding mains tariff price, load operations are not postponed and postponed automatic control loads are activated according to the highness of estimation value and predefined importance hierarchy (502).
In economy mode, if production amount of alternative energy resources (12) is sufficient for automatic control loads, and there is mains (15) power, if percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is high, e.g. over 50%, the main control unit (113) is operated according to the following method (600) steps.
- In case one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increases and the other decreases, considering also the tariff value, postponed automatic control loads are activated according to highness of estimation value (601).
- n case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, all loads demanded by the user and postponed are activated and energy is sold to the mains according to the value of mains sales tariff price (602).
In economy mode, for user controlled loads, if the user wants to use one of the loads (111), considering current and future energy production/consumption balance and mains (15) price information, the user is informed and the cheapest operation time of loads is suggested. The final decision is left to the user. For example, the user is informed about cheap and expensive tariff times and unit prices by the display (1134) and can decide on control of loads in this way. Besides, the user can also be informed about energy consumed by single devices and the source of this energy by the interface (1133) Smart building system (1) does not create carbon emission as it uses alternative energy resources (12). By this way effect of devices which are only supplied from the mains energy on carbon emission can be determined.
In comfort mode, when there is no mains (15), that is energy is supplied from alternative energy resources (12), energy management of economy mode is generally applied to all load (111) types. But as in all cases, the user has the right to cancel postponements. However, when there is mains (15), in activation/deactivation and especially postponement situations, there will be no intervention other than comfort conditions determined by the user in the system (1) before (for example dishwasher should finish working at 8.00 pm a the latest or keeping air-conditioner at 25 °C continuously).
In empty building (holiday) mode, when the user leaves smart building (11) in short or long terms, loads (111) defined by the user are deactivated and these loads (111) are not activated until the user returns smart building (111). By this way, dangerous situations are avoided when loads (111) like iron are left at the socket. Besides, if the user demands, loads (1 11) like illumination devices in smart building (11), can be operated in certain periods in order to give the feeling that there is a user in the smart building (11). When returning date is known (11), information like determination of an unauthorized user in the smart building (11) or abnormal operation of loads (111) are sent to the user. In this case, as always, energy coming from alternative energy resources (12) charges any storage unit (13) that is demanded to be charged with priority. When storage unit or units (13) are full, energy is transferred to the mains (15) and if pricing is in question, this energy is sold to the mains (15).
The system (1), the subject matter of invention, includes a complete smart building system (1) which benefits from alternative energy resources (12) and controls energy consumption. Smart building system (1), is designed to meet daily energy demand of smart building (11) and an electrical vehicle (114) with its alternative energy resources (12). The most important parameter in meeting the determined energy demand is percentage charge state (SOC) of storage unit (13). If this parameter goes down a predefined value, smart building system (1) postpones loads (1 11) and tries to reduce energy purchase from the mains (15) to the minimum. For this purpose, information coming from smart sockets (112) coming to loads (111) in each building (1 1) is used.
The invention is not limited with the explanations given above and a specialist person in the technique can put down different applications of the invention. These should be evaluated in scope of protection of invention which is demanded in the form of claims.

Claims

A smart building system (1), which is characterised by including building (11) with a control unit (113) which monitors consumption of electrical loads (111) in its body and activates and deactivates loads (111), at least one alternative energy resource (12) which provides power to the building (11), at least one storage unit (13) which stores electricity power produced by alternative energy resource (12), a weather station (16) to forecast weather conditions in order to use energy in the most efficient way and a control unit (113) which postpones or activates loads (111) according to data coming from weather forecast unit (16), load occupancy level of storage unit (13) and importance degrees of loads (111) determined by the user.
A building system (1) as in Claim 1 which is characterised with a control unit (113) that activates loads of the system (1), deactivates and postpones them or reactivates with parameters like State of Charge (SOC) of storage unit (13), Delta SOC state of storage unit (13), energy production forecast values of alternative energy resources (12) coming which are calculated according to data coming from weather station (16), mains tariff existence and lack of mains by using parameters like mains tariff and limit conditions of said parameters defined in the main control unit.
A system (1), as in Claim 1 or 2, which is characterized with a main board (14) that is responsible of transmission of produced energy to the necessary units.
A system (1), as in Claim 1 to 3, which is characterized with at least one charge station (17) to charge all kinds of electrical vehicles used outside.
A system (1), as in any of Claims above, which is characterized with at least one inverter (18) which transfers the energy coming from alternative energy resources (12) to smart building (11) or city mains (15) or storage unit (13).
A system (1), as in any of Claims above, which is characterized with a building (1 1) including an inspection unit and a switching element to control loads (1 11) remotely, at least one socket (112) installed to loads or existing sockets to control loads (111) remotely, a main control unit (113)controlling and estimating energy consumed by loads (11 1) or produced by alternative energy resources (12) and at least one sensor (114) which provides detection and/or measurement works in order to use energy in the most efficient way.
A system (1), as in any of Claims above, which is characterized with a control and communication unit (1131) which communicates with the related units in the system (l)like alternative energy resources (112), sockets (1 12), loads (111), storage units (13), weather station (16), charge station (17) and main board (14) and a control unit (1 13) including a display (1134) to show user amount of energy produced by alternative energy resources (12) or consumed by loads (111), an input unit (1135) for the user to enter information and manage energy when necessary.
8- A system (1), as in any of Claims above, which is characterized with a main control unit (1 13) where loads (111) are determined according to their importance degrees.
9- A system (1), as in any of Claims above, which is characterized with a mobile user control unit (19 or 1 13) like a tablet computer or a telephone.
10- A system (1), as in Claims 9 above, which is characterized with control unit (191) by which the user can control energy at the building (11) and which transfers user selections to the system (1), a user interface (192) where system (1) parameters are presented to user (19) and an input unit (193) for the user to enter related parameters and to do energy management when necessary and a display (194) to show energy amounts produced by alternative energy resources (12) or consumed by loads (111) via an interface (192).
11- A system (1), as in Claims 10, which is characterized with a main control unit (113) and mobile control unit (19) communicating with a remote device by connection to the internet.
12- A system (1), as in any of Claims above, which is characterized with a control unit including load information which is defined in categories like emergency loads that always need energy, automatic control loads that will be controlled without taking approval from user and controlled loads that are controlled by user approval after informing user.
13- A system (1), as in Claims 12, which is characterized with a control unit (113) which activates-deactivates and postpones loads (111) by sockets (112) regarding current mains (15) energy tariff price and produced energy amount and importance hierarchy of energy consuming loads ( 111 ) in order to provide energy saving.
14- A system (1), as in Claims 13, which is characterized with a control unit displaying amount of energy produced by each alternative energy resource
(12) and consumption of any load (111) in the building, in daily, weekly, monthly or interval consumption data in the monitor in dial indicator, graphical or table style based on energy unit and currency per time characteristics of data.
15- A system (1), as in any of Claims above, which is characterized with having an alternative energy resource ( 12) like a solar panel ( 121 ) or a wind turbine (122). 16- A system (1), as in any of Claims above, which is characterized with a storage unit (13) like an electrical vehicle (131) and/or a battery (132). 17- A system (1), as in Claims 16, which is characterized with an electrical vehicle (131) that is used as a spare storage unit (13).
18- A method (1132) which works according to a system (1) as in any of Claims above which has at least one basic operation mode like economy mode, comfort mode or empty house mode and according to necessities of each mode;
- and considering parameters like SOC (State of Charge) of storage unit (13), Delta SOC condition of storage unit (13), energy production estimated values of alternative energy resources (12) which will be calculated according to data coming from weather station, mains (15) tariff and existence or lacking of mains (15) and according to limit conditions of said parameters determined in main control unit, activates loads (111) in the system (1), deactivates and postpones them and reactivates according to the importance hierarchy defined by the user.
19- A method (1132) as in Claim 18 which is characterised with steps like; in case of economy mode, if there is no mains (15) for automatic control loads and when energy is only taken from alternative energy resources (12), and if percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is low, e.g. lower than 25%,
- in case both current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future decrease, all automatic control loads are deactivated and only emergency loads are continued to be activated (101). - In case one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increases and the other decreases, considering increase and decrease values, automatic control loads are activated or deactivated according to predefined importance hierarchy (102), - In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, and if there is automatic control loads waiting to be activated, this load/these loads (111) are activated according to predefined importance hierarchy (103)
20- A method (1132) as in Claim 18 which is characterised with steps like; in case of economy mode, if there is no mains (15) for automatic control loads and when energy is taken from alternative energy resources (12), and if percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is intermediate, e.g. lower than 25-50 %,
- In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources ( 12) in the proposed time in the future decrease, based on increasing value, automatic control loads are deactivated or if necessary only emergency loads are continued working (201) - In case one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increases and the other decreases, considering increase and decrease values, automatic control loads are activated or deactivated according to predefined importance hierarchy (202), - In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, and based on not postponing of operation of any load and highness of both values, and considering predefined importance hierarchy automatic control loads are activated (203).
21- A method (1 132) as in Claim 18 which is characterised with steps like; in case of economy mode, if there is no mains (15) for automatic control loads and when energy is taken from alternative energy resources (12), and if percentage charge level (SOC) of storage unit (13) is high, e.g. over 50 %,
- In case at least one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future decreases, considering increase and decrease values, automatic control loads are activated or deactivated according to predefined importance hierarchy (301),
- In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, considering increase values, based on highness of both values, deactivated automatic control loads are activated according to predefined importance hierarchy (302)
22- A method (1132) as in Claim 18 which is characterised with steps like; in case of economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is not sufficient for automatic control loads, that is when percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at a low level, e.g. 25% when mains is used.
- As long as Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future decreases and the mains is at expensive tariff, considering decreasing value of the estimation done, automatic control loads are deactivated according to the importance hierarchy (401), - As long as Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future increases and the mains is at cheap tariff, considering increasing value of the estimation done, automatic control loads are activated according to the importance hierarchy (402),
- As long as Delta SOC value is a fixed one, in case estimated production values of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed period in future increases and the mains (15) is at intermediate or cheap tariff, or estimation value decreases and the mains (15) is at cheap tariff, based on values, connected loads are activated or deactivated (403)
23- A method (1132) as in Claim 18 which is characterised with steps like; in case of economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is sufficient for automatic control loads and percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit is at intermediate level, e.g. 25-50% when mains is used,
- In case one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increases and the other decreases, considering also the tariff value, automatic control loads are activated or deactivated according to predefined importance hierarchy (501),
- In case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, not regarding mains (15) tariff price, load (11 1) operations are not postponed and postponed automatic control loads are activated according to the highness of estimation value and predefined importance hierarchy (502). 24- A method (1 132) as in Claim 18 which is characterised with steps like; in case of economy mode, when production amount of alternative energy resources is sufficient for automatic control loads and percentage charge rate (SOC) of storage unit (13) is at high, e.g. over 50%,
- In case one of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increases and the other decreases, considering also the tariff value, postponed automatic control loads are activated according to highness of estimation value (601),
- in case both of current value of Delta SOC and total estimated production value of alternative energy resources (12) in the proposed time in the future increase, all loads (111) demanded by the user and postponed are activated and energy is sold to the mains (15) according to the value of mains sales tariff price (602).
25- A method (1132) as in Claim 18 to 24 which is characterised with steps like; in economy mode, for user controlled loads, if the user wants to use one of the loads (111), considering current and future energy production/consumption balance and mains (15) price information, the user is informed and the cheapest operation time of loads is suggested and the final decision is left to the user.
26- A method (1 132) as in Claim 18 to 25 which is characterised with steps like; in comfort mode, when there is no mains (15) and energy is taken from alternative energy resources (12), energy management in economy mode is applied generally to all load (111) types.
27- A method ( 1 132) as in Claim 18 to 26 which is characterised with steps like;
In comfort mode, when there is mains (15), no intervention is done on activation/deactivation or especially postponing other than comfort conditions determined by the user in the system (1).
28- A method (1132) as in Claim 18 to 27 which is characterised with steps like; in empty building (holiday) mode, when user leaves smart building (11) in short or long terms, loads (111) determined by the user are deactivated and not activated until the user returns smart building (11).
29- A method ( 1132) as in Claim 18 to 28 which is characterised with steps like; in empty building (holiday) mode, when returning date is informed, unauthorized users in smart building (11) is determined by sensors (114) or abnormal activation of loads (111) are informed to the user.
30- A method (1132) as in Claim 18 to 29 which is characterised with steps like; in economy mode, when there is mains (15) power, energy purchase-sales is done considering tariff value of electricity mains (15) and amount of energy produced by alternative energy resources (12).
31- A method (1132) as in Claim 30 which is characterized by steps like; when alternative energy resources (12) do not produce sufficient energy or storage unit (13) does not have sufficient energy, energy is purchased from the mains (15) considering cheapness state of the mains (15) tariff.
32- A method (1132) as in Claim 3 Iwhich is characterised with steps like; when storage unit (13) is sufficiently full, energy is sold to the mains (15) when the tariff is expensive.
33- A method (1132) as in Claim 18 to 32 where load (11 1) types, or devices in the system, can be changed between categories defined in the system (1) like emergency loads, automatic control loads, user controlled loads loads (111) can be added or excluded to or from categories.
PCT/TR2014/000489 2013-12-06 2014-12-03 A smart building system with energy management ability WO2015084285A1 (en)

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