Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/191—Inorganic material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
  • H01M50/183—Sealing members
  • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
  • H01M50/193—Organic material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to an arrangement of electrochemical cells according to the preamble of claim 1.
• These may be low-temperature fuel cells, Elektrolyseuranssenen and in particular redox flow batteries, all of which are operated at an operating temperature below 300 ° C.
• electrochemical converters fuel cell, electrolyzer or redox flow battery are very similar in their basic functionality and in their structure. All three technologies are electrochemical cells which have two reaction spaces with electrodes flowing or flowing through them and which are fluidically separated from a membrane. The Eduktzu- and reaction product removal takes place via channel structures and using so-called flow fields.
• a fuel cell converts chemical energy of a continuously supplied fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy.
• the fuel hydrogen or an organic compound such as methane or methanol can be used.
• oxygen is used. Widespread is the so-called
• Proton exchange membrane At the anode, the fuel is catalytically oxidized with the emission of electrons to protons. The protons enter the cathode compartment via the ion exchange membrane. The electrodes are guided via an electrical load from the anode to the cathode. At the cathode, the oxidant is through
• bipolar plates with milled gas channel structure are used, which adjoin the gas diffusion layers.
• the educts fuel and oxidant
• the reaction products are led out of the cell.
• a bipolar plate is used to produce the electrical connectivity between two adjacent cells.
• the electrons of a first cell released at the anode travel through the gas diffusion layer to the bipolar plate and from there reach the cathode side of a second cell.
• the electrons travel via the gas diffusion layer to the cathode.
• the reaction taking place in the fuel cell is associated with a generation of heat. This heat must be dissipated.
• the electrodes are made of porous precious metals and serve as a catalyst at the same time.
• iridium can be used on the anode side and platinum on the cathode side.
• MEA membrane electrode assembly
• Porous current conductors of conductive material distribute the electric current and the water required for the reaction to the electrode surface. At the same time they enable the removal of the electrolysis products hydrogen and oxygen via channel structures.
• the two electrodes of a cell are flowed through by two electrolyte solutions (educts) with different redox pairs. Between the two electrodes, an ion-permeable membrane is arranged, which is tight for the two electrolytes.
• an ion-permeable membrane is arranged, which is tight for the two electrolytes.
• oxidation of the ion species dissolved in the respective electrolyte takes place, whereby electrons are liberated, which are conducted via the current collector and source / load to the other half cell of the respective electrochemical cell and thereby generate a direct electrical current.
• In the other half-cell there is a reduction of the ions there.
• the circuit is closed by anions or cation (H +), which can migrate through the membrane.
• H + anions or cation
• the battery is charged or discharged.
• the electrical cell voltage depends on the difference of the redox potentials of the ions used in the two different electrolytes. For the example of a vanadium re
• the electrolyte liquid consists of an aqueous acid, usually H 2 S0, which provides the necessary protons for operation and in which the vanadium species are present dissolved. Due to the relatively simple structure and their still high innovation potential, redox flow batteries provide energy storage in the
• bipolar cell stacks are used in filter press design.
• the cell frames in redox flow batteries usually consist of two superimposed half-cells, each half-cell is formed from one frame. This frame has an opening in which the respective electrode is placed. A membrane separates the two half-cells.
• the electrodes are each flowed through by an electrolyte fluid, wherein electrical current is obtained by electrochemical processes, which can be tapped via electrical connections to the end plates of the stack.
• the electrolyte fluids are largely similar, they only have a different oxidation state (V 2+ and V 3+ , V0 2 + and V0 2+ ).
• the flow of the electrodes via channels in the frame parts, which in inlet and outlet openings in each one
• Electrolyte distribution over the electrode width This applies in particular to high current densities and thus high electrolyte flows and a broad SOC range.
• the cell resistance increases and thus the energy efficiency decreases.
• the electrode thickness is increased, the IR losses inevitably increase. This also reduces the energy efficiency. In all cases, this reduces the system efficiency.
• Electrode material reaches to functional groups on the Apply electrode surface.
• the cell design should be able to accommodate such electrodes and guarantee a homogeneous flow.
• the cell design should allow decoupling of the hydraulic permeability of the electrode and the pressure loss across the cell. This is an important aspect especially against the background of a very good electrolyte distribution over the entire electrode surface.
• so-called flow fields offer, as they are known from fuel cell applications. These flow fields allow a targeted guidance of the electrolyte along an electrode, whereby a uniform distribution of the electrolyte over the electrode surface and thus a high utilization of the electrode can be achieved.
• the flow field is typically incorporated in a bipolar plate.
• the presented concept offers new degrees of freedom, since on the one hand the electrode thickness and compression can be defined variably and independently of one frame part and on the other hand the pressure loss can be decoupled from the permeability of the electrode by defined flow paths of educts in the respective half cell of an electrochemical cell , This minimizes the IR losses while minimizing the pressure loss and flow resistance.
• channel structures can significantly increase the concentration distribution of the educts over large electrode surfaces, which makes the passage current density distribution over the electrode surface and thus the electrical current density distribution within the electrode uniform and thus reduces the concentration polarization in the electrochemical cell (s). This makes it possible to significantly reduce the electrical voltage losses and the required pump or compressor energy for the educt supply.
• Educts which can be used in the invention can be water, alcohols, aqueous electrolytes or electrolytes based on organic solvents or ionic
• E-CTFE Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
• E-CTFE Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
• ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
• FEP terafluoroethylene-perfluoropropylene
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• an elastomer thermosets, carbon, graphite, graphene, glass, Aramid fibers, titanium, platinum and steel. It can also be used a composite of it.
• the material used should be chemically and electrochemically stable to the educts and reaction products used.
• Cavities can be filled at least almost completely. This is particularly important in the outer edge region, which should be fluid-tight. If, for example, a separator or a membrane is to be formed with a filling compound, it too should be fluid-tight, in order to prevent educt exchange between the two half-cells through the separator or these
• Half-cell level can thus be formed channel-like structures that allow optimized educt distribution within or at the respective electrode or on the separator or on the membrane, and thus improve the concentration and electrical current density distribution in the respective electrochemical cell.
• Membrane can be used, whereby the term “separator” could be used instead of membrane on the appropriate citations.
• Passage current density at the phase boundary between the electrode 3 and educt / electrolyte in the region of the membrane 2 is highest. To equalize this passage current density and a concomitant better utilization of the electrode surface along the electrode height and electrode thickness defined flow paths for
• Educt or electrolyte can be used. Due to the flow behavior of the reactant / electrolyte along these flow paths, the laminar boundary layer present on the membrane 2 can be reduced and increased cross-mixing of the educt / electrolyte in the direction of the electrode thickness (z-axis) can be achieved. This allows the utilization of the
• Electrode 3 increase and, in consequence, the electrical cell resistance be reduced.
• such a base element can be specifically functionalized by the introduction of fillers by providing areas with a filling compound to perform the function of a seal, a membrane 2, a
• a third embodiment of a basic element GE-13 fulfills the function of an integrated membrane 2.1 in filled areas with a second filling compound FM-2.
• FIG. 19 shows such a basic element with a filled edge region with a first filling compound FM-1 with a sealing effect and a central region filled with a second filling compound FM-2 for forming an integrated membrane 2.1.
• a fourth embodiment of a basic element GE-14 fulfills in backfilled
• FIG. 20 shows such a basic element with a filled edge region with a first filling compound FM-1 with a sealing effect and a central region filled with a third filling compound FM-3 for forming a integrated electrode 3.1.
• a fifth embodiment of a basic element GE-15 fulfills the function of an integrated bipolar plate or bipolar foil 6.1 in filled areas with a fourth filling compound FM-4.
• FIG. 21 shows such a basic element GE-15 with a filled edge region with a first filling compound FM-1 with a sealing effect and a central region filled with a fourth filling compound FM-4 for forming an integrated bipolar plate or film 6.1.
• a primitive in areas that are filled with a first filling compound FM-1 have cut areas / openings, the function of a receptacle for functional materials, such as membrane 2, through or overflowable electrodes 3 and bipolar plates or
• Electrodes 3 may be formed in basic elements with preferably perforations, which may form an electrically conductive surface structure for the formation of electrodes 3 that can be flowed through with educt 3 or 4 with a third or fourth filling compound FM-3 or FM-4. It can also be formed through openings through which a porous electrical conductor is formed or arranged to form an electrode.
• a seventh embodiment of a basic element GE-17 fulfills the function of a free flow area or a channel structure in cut-out areas / openings. As a result, defined flow paths for reactants and reaction products can be achieved, which fluidly connect / connect a plurality of half-cells via a design of at least one collecting channel 18.
• further openings can be formed and arranged in basic elements, wherein at least one fluidic connection of individual half-cells of the arrangement as a feed and at least one fluidic connection of individual half-cells as discharge by mutually communicating openings of a plurality of basic elements are formed and thus a distribution structure is formed by the a uniform educt distribution within individual half-cells of a cell stack of a plurality of superimposed electrochemical cells and a self-emptying of a fluid path and / or a gas discharge can be achieved / are.
• This is advantageous if a pump or a compressor for the reactant supply is rendered inoperable and the electrochemical process is to be interrupted.
• An eighth embodiment of a base element GE-18 fulfills the function of a positioning aid in cut-out areas / openings.
• a ninth embodiment of a base element GE-19 fulfills the function of a mounting for a bracing element in cut-free regions / opening (s).
• further openings may be formed in basic elements, which are designed and arranged such that in each case one element of a clamping arrangement by means of each other communicating perforations is performed and with the elements of a clamping arrangement a plurality of electrochemical cells can be material, force and form-fitting connected to each other.
• such openings may be formed in the outer edge region and tension rods may be guided therethrough, with plate-shaped
• Elements can form the clamping arrangement.
• the plate-shaped elements can rest on the end faces of such a stack in the case of a plurality of stacked electrochemical cells, so that by means of the tension rods a pressure force acts on the electrochemical cells which compress the basic elements.
• Figure 22 shows an example of the embodiments GE-17, GE-18, GE-19 of a basic element.
• a base member may be employed to contain a prior art membrane, electrode, or bipolar sheet, or to form gaskets, novel integrated membranes, electrodes, bipolar plates or sheets, and composite units therefrom.
• a first filler FM-1 may be made of elastomer such as ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber (EPDM), fluoropolymer (FPM / FKM), silicone rubber
• the first filling compound can preferably be used to form defined channel structures and flow regions within the plane of the base element. It can be achieved by introducing this first filling compound and a targeted compensation of height differences. It can be doctored, screen printed, 3D printed, impregnated, dispensed, extruded, thermal welded, Ultrasound or high-frequency welding or other methods are applied to the flat structure or introduced into cavities.
• the basic element is defined areally with a second filling compound FM-2, ie filled in certain regions, which is ion-conducting, ion-selective and gas- and liquid-tight, these regions of a basic element can be designed in the sense of a semi-permeable ion-conducting membrane.
• a second filling compound for the formation of an ion-conducting membrane can be selected from cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose triacetate (CTA), chitin, cyclodextrin, polyamide (PA), polyamideimide (PAI), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Polybenzimidazole (PBI), polyester (PES), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polycarbonate (PC), polyetherimide (PEI),
• PEI Polyethyleneimine
• PSU polysulfone
• PES polyethersulfone
• PPSU polyphenylsulfone
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• PEEK Polyetheretherketone
• sPEEK sulfonated polyetheretherketone
• a second filler should have a high ionic conductivity or proton conductivity, a high selectivity towards defined anions and cations and a low permeability for the constituents of the reactants and reaction products in the filled state. It can, in a defined areal geometry, be placed on the flat structure of a Base element can be applied, which can also be achieved by means of doctor blade, screen printing, 3D printing, impregnation, dispensing, hot pressing or other methods. It should have / form a mechanically stable, preferably flexible structure with the flat structure. It can fulfill the function of an ion exchange membrane with the flat structure.
• a third filling compound FM-3 which is porous, electrically conductive, permeable to the respective educts, with a high specific reactive surface and a high electrochemical activity for the main reactions and in the filled state is stable against corrosion, the function of an electrode can be achieved.
• a third filler may be selected for formation of electrodes of gold, carbon, graphite, carbon, graphite, cellulose, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), carboxy-functionalized CNT (carbon nanotubes), MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes), Graphene, platinum, carbon-supported platinum particles, titanium, titanium oxides, iridium, ruthenium particles or a mixture thereof.
• It can be applied in a defined planar geometry on the planar structure of a primitive, which can be achieved by doctor blade, screen printing, 3D printing, impregnation, dispensing, hot pressing or other methods. It should have a mechanically stable, preferably flexible structure with the flat structure. It can fulfill the function of an electrode with the appropriately coated flat structure.
• a filling compound may preferably be formed a surface structure for the formation of cavities within an electrochemical cell.
• flow channels for educt / electrolyte can be formed so that an optimized guidance of the educts / electrolytes along the electrode surfaces is achieved.
• a third filling compound FM-3 form a surface structure for the formation of cavities within an electrochemical cell, which are flowed through by educt, whereby a simple formation of channels and flow fields can be achieved.
• a fourth massecuite may comprise one or more polymeric and / or metallic constituents and is for the formation of bipolar plates selected from gold, carbon, graphite particles, carbon, graphite fibers, on cellulose, polyacrylonitrile Base (PAN), carboxy-functionalized CNT
• a filler that is only partially crosslinked may be post-crosslinked by a thermal or other process.
• a material connection can be produced by adhesion or adhesion to the flat structure, to functional materials, functional elements, sealing materials or adjacent basic elements.
• aqueous electrolytes or electrolytes based on organic solvents or ionic liquids or water or alcohols or hydrogen, hydrocarbon compounds, oxygen, an oxygen-containing gas mixture or redox-active polymers in organic solvents can be used as starting materials.
• the inlet channels for educt can be designed so that they empty themselves at a pump or compressor standstill.
• This has the advantage that the ionic conductive connection of two half-cells of a circuit is interrupted and the self-discharge at standstill in a redox flow battery, as an example of an electrochemical cell, can be reduced or even avoided.
• the design of such channels depends on the orientation of the basic elements and the flow direction of the educt / electrolyte through the cell stack.
• Another advantage is that defined flow paths can be realized in the edge regions of electrodes.
• Discharges are adhered to.
• these channels different variants are conceivable.
• two variants are possible here.
• a first variant a plurality of individual channels are led out of a collecting channel 18, which open at different points of the electrode width in the inlet region.
• the number of individual channels is variable, but always greater than one.
• FIG. 24 shows an example of a basic element GE-3 with four collecting channels 18 and multiple feed and discharge channels 4 and 5.
• ⁇ are guided from a plurality of collecting channels, which open at different points of the electrode width in the inlet region.
• all individual channels should have the same flow resistance in order to achieve a uniform distribution of the volume flow into the respective half cell. All individual channels should have the same ionic resistance to minimize shunt currents.
• FM-1 to FM-4 whereby a flow field is obtained with the adjacent membrane 2 and electrode 3 or with the adjacent electrode 3 and bipolar plate / foil 6 or with the adjacent membrane 2 and bipolar plate / foil 6 can be defined in the educt / electrolyte between electrode 3 and membrane 2 or between electrode 3 and bipolar plate /
• FIG. 23 shows an example of an electrode 3.1 integrated in a basic element GE-11 with lateral edge regions which can be flowed through.
• a primitive GE-11 to GE-19 subunits for the formation of half-cells cells and cell stacks can be defined.
• Basic elements are adapted. The order of stacking these primitives is also dependent on the application. It is advantageous to maintain a symmetry along a symmetry line A and / or B. Thus, it is possible to form both half cells of an electrochemical cell with only one base element with defined inlets and outlets 4 and 5 for reactants and reaction products by a base member by 180 ° in the plane, with respect to the adjacent base element rotated. Thus it is possible to allow the respective educt to flow uniformly over the surface of the respective electrode 3.
• a first subunit briefly: UE-1 of an electrochemical cell represents the membrane unit 1, which is shown in a top view in FIGS. 4 and 27 and in a sectional view in FIGS. 5 and 28.
• the first variant of a membrane unit 1 (UE-1-1) consists of a
• Base element GE-15 consists, whose two-dimensional center area is filled with a second filling compound FM-4.
• the electrode 3 can be replaced from a subunit UE-2-1 by a novel integrated electrode 3.1, which is formed from a base element GE-14, whose areal central area with a third filling compound FM-3 is filled.
• the bearing surface of the bipolar plate or bipolar foil 6 on the respective basic elements in the filled area is brought to a liquid-tight and gas-tight composite.
• To the thickness of the bipolar plate or bipolar foil 6 in the filled area of one or more
• To compensate for basic elements (s) can either be another basic element with a flat opening, or a sealing material can be used.
• the area of a primitive GE-12 can be connected to other primitives independently of the bipolar plate or bipolar foil. This makes it possible to connect the basic elements liquid and gas-tight, both in the xy plane, as well as perpendicular thereto.
• the subunits UE-1 to UE-5 can be used to produce fluid-tight and diffusion-tight cell networks with a defined cell number. These cell networks can in turn for the IVlontagepli own
• Reaction product collection channels are each connected to at least one supply and discharge.
• a cell architecture for electrochemical transducers can be provided which enables optimization of the electric power density on the one hand and the specific cost on the other hand and allows industrial mass production.
• FIG. 23 shows an example of an integrated electrode (GE-14) with lateral flow-through edge regions (GE-11);
• Figure 27 is a plan view of one embodiment of a membrane unit;
• Figure 28 is a sectional view of the membrane unit of Figure 27;
• Figure 29 is a sectional view of an electrode-bipolar plate unit, each with two basic elements of Figure 12 for receiving an electrode;
• FIG. 30 shows an example of a subassembly with a layer structure consisting of electrode, membrane, electrode;
• FIG. 31 shows an example of a subunit in the case of three layers
• Diffusion layer an electrode, a membrane, an electrode, and a diffusion layer
• FIG. 33 shows an example of a subunit in a sectional view with three layers, namely an electrode, a bipolar plate / foil and an electrode; wherein with a third filling compound FM-3, a surface structure is formed, which serves as a flow channel / channels for educts / electrolytes along the
• Electrode surface is usable
• FIG. 35 shows a variant of a subunit UE-3-7 for a five-layer structure.
• two basic elements according to subunit UE-1-2 can be formed without planar opening, a commercially available ion exchanger membrane 2, a cohesive connection of membrane 2 with both basic elements.
• a polyethylene structure with a thickness of 250 ⁇ m is used as a planar structure for a basic element GE-11, which is shown in a plan view in FIG.
• the clutch is with Fibers or threads formed between which free or cavities are present.
• An ion-conductive membrane 2 is placed and bonded cohesively with the first filling compound FM-1. This is shown in FIG.
• a second polyethylene scrim, as a basic element with first filling compound FM-1 is placed on top and also connected to the membrane 2 and the first fabric cohesively.
• the membrane unit 1 is completed. All contact surfaces between the filling compounds FM-1 of the areas of the basic elements GE-12 and the membrane 2 are hydraulically tight and gastight. This is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
• this basic element can be used for both half-cells by turning it through 180 °.
• FIG. 7 shows a basic element rotated by 180 °, Both polyethylene scrims as basic elements are bonded together on the top and bottom sides of the membrane unit 1 in the areas of the contact surfaces of the filled areas, as shown in FIG. There are the inlets and outlets 4 and 5 and a flow-through region of a half-cell are formed.
• FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of the membrane unit 1 with basic elements for the flow and flow distribution for the educt.
• punching perforations are formed in primitives GE-X to receive collecting channels 18, positioning aids 9 and 10 receptacles for a mechanical tension.
• FIG. 9 For the production of an electrode bipolar foil unit, two
• Basic elements according to the subunits UE-2-1 with a flat opening, a bipolar foil made of plastic-carbon composite and a material-locking connection of bipolar foil to the basic elements and between two basic elements.
• a polyethylene scrim with a thickness of 1000 ⁇ m is used as a planar structure for a base element GE-16, which is shown in plan view in FIG.
• a first filling compound FM-1 is applied to this polyethylene scrim, which allows a material-locking connection to the bipolar film by means of welding.
• the free and cavities of the fabric of the base element in the outer region at least as far as possible, preferably completely filled with the first filling compound FM-1, as shown in Figure 12.
• An electrically conductive and hydraulically and pneumatically sealed bipolar foil 6 is placed and materially connected to the first filling compound FM-1 ( Figure 13).
• a second polyethylene scrim as the basic element GE-16 with first filling compound FM-1 is placed on top and also bonded to the bipolar film 6 and the first base member. All contact surfaces between the first filling compounds FM-1 of the two basic elements GE-16 and the bipolar film 6 are hydraulically sealed and gas-tight.
• two electrodes 3 are introduced with 1.2 mm thickness on both sides.
• the electrode-bipolar foil unit is completed, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
• the membrane unit 1 together with the flow distribution and the electrode bipolar foil unit 15 can be alternately stacked and connected to one another in a material or non-positive manner.
• the marginal cells represent half-cells, which are electrically connected to a current collector 12, 12 '. Via collecting channels, the individual cells are hydraulically / pneumatically connected in parallel, which open to external electrical connections on the cell stack.
• FIG. 16 shows by way of example a cell stack with two individual cells. (The educt / electrolyte supply is not shown).
• the current collectors 12, 12 ' can be used to supply and remove electrical current to the cell stack.
• a mechanical bracing arrangement 13 ensures an additional contact pressure of the pressure plates 14 to the edge cells. Alone or in addition, further perforations may be present in superimposed basic elements of an arrangement according to the invention, through which in each case an element is guided as a positioning aid.

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=52023482

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (11)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2013
  • 2013-12-06 DE DE102013225159.9A patent/DE102013225159B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-12-04 EP EP14811809.4A patent/EP3090454B1/de active Active
  • 2014-12-04 WO PCT/EP2014/076567 patent/WO2015082614A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2014-12-04 ES ES14811809.4T patent/ES2663802T3/es active Active

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events