WO2015066958A1 - 基于td-scdma的远程电力负载控制系统及实现方法 - Google Patents

基于td-scdma的远程电力负载控制系统及实现方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015066958A1
WO2015066958A1 PCT/CN2013/090495 CN2013090495W WO2015066958A1 WO 2015066958 A1 WO2015066958 A1 WO 2015066958A1 CN 2013090495 W CN2013090495 W CN 2013090495W WO 2015066958 A1 WO2015066958 A1 WO 2015066958A1
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Prior art keywords
scdma
data
control terminal
module
negative control
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PCT/CN2013/090495
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陶霞
季胜鹏
李贤慧
王志强
裴旭斌
梅峰
韩智伟
池伟
陶敏
周升
金文德
王彬栩
楼平
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CHINA REALTIME DATABASE Co Ltd
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
CHINA REALTIME DATABASE Co Ltd
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2015066958A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015066958A1/zh
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
    • H02J13/13—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network
    • H02J13/1331—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/1333—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
    • H02J13/18—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the remotely-controlled equipment, e.g. converters or transformers
    • H02J13/333—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the remotely-controlled equipment, e.g. converters or transformers the equipment forming part of substations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

Definitions

  • the first challenge for human energy development is to gradually replace fossil energy with renewable energy, build an innovative system for energy use, and completely transform existing energy utilization systems with information technology to maximize the energy efficiency of the grid system. Therefore, it is expected that energy resources will be developed, transported, stored, converted (power generation), transmitted, distributed, powered, sold, serviced, and stored and energy end users' various electrical equipment and other energy through a digital information network system.
  • the facilities are connected together to achieve precise energy supply, corresponding energy supply, mutual energy supply and complementary energy supply through intelligent control, which will bring energy utilization efficiency and energy supply safety to a new level, and reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions to the environment.
  • Smart grids are an inevitable result of economic and technological development. They specifically use advanced technologies to improve the performance of power systems in terms of energy conversion efficiency, power utilization, power quality and reliability.
  • the cornerstone of the smart grid is distributed data transmission, computation and control technology, and efficient transmission of data and control commands between multiple power supply units.
  • the smart grid connects sensors and assets through sensors to form a customer service bus, which integrates and analyzes information to reduce costs, improve efficiency, improve the reliability of the entire grid, and maximize operation and management. optimization.
  • the characteristics of the smart grid are as follows:
  • the third-generation mobile communication standard of TD-SCDMA is a 3G communication standard with certain characteristics proposed by the Institute of Telecommunications Science and Technology of the Ministry of Information Industry (now Datang Mobile Communication Equipment Co., Ltd.) under the support of the national authorities. .
  • the TD-SCDMA system fully meets the basic requirements of IMT-2000.
  • the TDD (Time Division Duplex) operation mode without pairing frequency and the multiple access method combined with FDMA/TDMA/CDMA are adopted.
  • the low chip rate of 1.28 Mcps is used, and the spread spectrum bandwidth is 1.6 MHz.
  • the TD-SCDMA system also adopts many advanced technologies such as smart antenna, joint detection, synchronous CDMA, relay switching and adaptive power control. Compared with other 3G systems, it has obvious advantages, mainly reflected in:
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel remote power load control system and its implementation under the traditional power system management mode, such as low efficiency of household electricity meter reading, high cost, complicated power grid load control, and difficulty in management of power enterprises.
  • the system is mainly divided into two parts: a control center and a negative control terminal.
  • the whole system realizes functions such as user power data collection, remote meter reading, user power data statistics analysis, system health monitoring and system reports.
  • the invention realizes remote power load control based on TD-SCDMA under the smart grid architecture in the smart grid environment through the combination of smart grid and wireless communication.
  • the remote power load control system based on TD-SCDMA includes a negative control terminal and a control center, and the negative control terminal and the control center communicate through the TD-SCDMA network;
  • the negative control terminal is integrated with a TD-SCDMA module, and the main board and the TD-SCDMA module communicate through a serial port, and an on-chip system based on an ARM core is selected as a core processor, and the TD-SCDMA module is connected as a system peripheral to the system on a chip through a communication interface;
  • the negative control terminal is used for collecting power information of the power terminal equipment, and the collected data includes load data, power quantity data, power quality data, working condition data, and meter data, and is used to call the TD-SCDMA module to transmit data to the control.
  • the center uses a dynamic IP-based PS domain for transmission; the negative control terminal is also used for direct control or closed-loop control of the user switch according to various control strategies or commands issued by the primary station, and performs anti-tampering monitoring on the user metering device;
  • the control center includes a data processing host, a front-end machine for communication, and a database server.
  • the control center is configured to collect data sent by the negative control terminal, implement database management, front-end communication, data analysis, remote control, and report servo.
  • the line loss analysis, the rights management, and the load prediction function, the front-end machine uses a fixed IP to access the public network to facilitate continuous communication with the negative control terminal.
  • the basic architecture of the remote power load control system is a physical layer, a system software layer, a data processing layer, and a query application layer from bottom to top.
  • the negative control terminal selects an embedded Linux operating system as an embedded system.
  • the implementation method of the remote power load control system based on TD-SCDMA includes the following steps Step:
  • the user collects the electricity data, and the collected signals have current, voltage and pulse signals; communicate with the user's multi-function electric meter to obtain the data of the electric meter, and realize remote meter reading; Statistical analysis of user electricity data, storage and upload of historical data; acquisition of user switch position signals; direct or closed-loop control of user switches according to various control strategies or commands issued by the master station; monitoring of user metering devices , to achieve anti-theft function; local display, print function; local voice and sound and light alarm function;
  • the negative control terminal integrates the TD-SCDMA module, selects the on-chip system based on the ARM core as the core processor, and the TD-SCDMA module acts as the system peripheral through the appropriate communication interface and the system on chip.
  • the basic structure of the remote power load control system based on TD-SCDMA consists of four levels, from bottom to top: physical layer, system software layer, data processing layer, query Application layer
  • the functions that the application should implement include: Implementing the functions in step (1), and calling the TD-SCDMA module to transmit data to the management terminal through the PS domain based on dynamic IP. Host
  • the function of the control center is to complete the post-collection of data collection, the issuance of remote control commands and the confirmation of results, user rights management, operation monitoring and report generation. It mainly includes database management module. , front-end communication module, data analysis module, remote control module, report servo module, line loss analysis module, rights management module, load forecasting module.
  • the load control of the present invention can cut peaks and fill valleys, which is helpful to solve the problem of peak shaving. Increasing the load rate and lowering the maximum load will reduce the loss of the power supply system, thereby improving the economic benefits of power generation and power supply.
  • the present invention realizes remote monitoring of power load by combining with a TD-SCDMA network. The power load information is transmitted to the control center through the TD-SCDMA network, and the power load can be analyzed in real time and stored in the database server, which improves the management efficiency of the power load control.
  • the remote power load control system of the present invention can be used to prevent power cut-off. After full load control, during peak load, the peak load is reduced by prior arrangement. The interrupted power supply load is generally deactivated. The user's main production power will be guaranteed. It will not be restricted without over-use, which is convenient for scheduling production.
  • the remote power load control system of the present invention can control and realize the time-of-use electricity price on demand, and the user benefits.
  • the implementation of time-of-use electricity prices can stimulate users to cut peaks and fill valleys, which will reduce the electricity bills paid by users, which is also beneficial to users, especially for enterprise users with higher electricity costs and higher cost share.
  • Figure 1 is an architectural diagram of a TD-SCDMA remote power load control system.
  • FIG. 1 A remote power load control system based on TD-SCDMA proposed by the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the power information is collected by the ARM-based negative control terminal, and the power information includes load data, power data, and electric energy. Quality data, working condition data, and meter data.
  • the power information is transmitted to the control center through the TD-SCDMA network, and the load is controlled by the control center, and calculation and statistical analysis are performed.
  • the control center can manage terminals and users, and can monitor health and generate system reports. A series of mechanisms for power information collection and data analysis of the entire system are realized.
  • the system of the invention comprises a negative control terminal, a control center, a negative control terminal software and a control center software Four parts:
  • the negative control terminal integrates the TD-SCDMA module, and the main board of the negative control terminal and the TD-SCDMA module communicate through the serial port.
  • the negative control terminal is mainly installed under the user equipment, substation or box transformer that needs to collect and return the power consumption data and control the user's switch.
  • the function of the TD-SCDMA module is to efficiently transmit the collected power information to the control center, realizing the collection of power information and the real-time transmission of data.
  • the control center mainly includes a data processing host, a front-end machine responsible for communication, and a database server.
  • the communication front-end host accesses the public network with a fixed IP, and is responsible for communication with the negative control terminal.
  • the negative control terminal software realizes the collection of power information and calls the TD-SCDMA module to transmit the data to the control center.
  • the transmission is based on the dynamic IP-based PS domain, which can directly communicate with the communication front-end host with fixed IP access to the Internet in the control center, thereby avoiding the inconvenience of installing the TD-SCDMA module on the communication front-end host.
  • the control center software master station realizes the post-collection of data collection, the issuance of remote control commands and the confirmation of results, user rights management, operation monitoring and report generation. It mainly includes database management module, front-end communication module, data analysis module, remote control module, report servo module, line loss analysis module, rights management module, load forecasting module and so on.
  • Step 1 Design an architecture of a remote power load control system based on TD-SCDMA.
  • the architecture diagram of this system is shown in Figure 1.
  • Step 2) Plan the overall functions required for the negative control terminal: Collecting the user's power data, collecting the signal with current, voltage, pulse signal, etc.; Communicating with the user's multi-function meter to obtain the data of the meter, realizing remote meter reading User statistical analysis of electricity consumption data, storage and uploading of historical data; acquisition of user switch position signals; direct control or closed-loop control of user switches according to various control strategies or commands issued by the main station; Monitoring, anti-stealing function; local display, printing function; local voice and sound and light alarm function.
  • Step 3) Hardware design and implementation of the negative control terminal:
  • the negative control terminal is integrated with the TD-SCDMA module, etc., and the on-chip system based on the ARM core is selected as the core processor.
  • the TD-SCDMA module is connected to the system-on-chip as a system peripheral through an appropriate communication interface.
  • Step 4) Design the basic structure of the power load control system: TD-SCDMA based far
  • the basic structure of the process power load control system consists of four levels, from bottom to top: physical layer, system software layer, data processing layer, query application layer;
  • Step 5 Platform software design and implementation of the negative control terminal:
  • an appropriate embedded system is required.
  • Common general-purpose embedded systems include Linux, VxWorks, WindowsCE, etc. Considering the complexity of the system and other issues, the embedded Linux operating system is selected.
  • the driver for each system peripheral is provided by the device manufacturer or written by itself.
  • Step 6) Application design of the negative control terminal:
  • the functions that the application should implement include: Implementing the functions in step 2), and calling the TD-SCDMA module to transmit data to the management terminal host through the PS domain based on dynamic IP. .
  • Step 7) Software design of the control center:
  • the role of the control center is to complete the post-processing of data collection, the issuance of remote control commands and the confirmation of results, user rights management, operation monitoring, and report generation. It mainly includes a database management module, a front-end communication module, a data analysis module, a remote control module, a report servo module, a line loss analysis module, a rights management module, a load prediction module, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于TD-SCDMA远程电力负荷控制系统及实现方法，该系统包括负控终端和控制中心，负控终端和控制中心之间通过TD-SCDMA网络进行通信。基于ARM的负控终端对电力终端设备进行电力信息采集，通过集成在负控终端上的TD-SCDMA模块发送数据至控制中心，控制中心的通信前置机采用固定IP接入公网；控制中心进行对数据采集的后期整理、远程控制命令的下方和对结果的确认、用户权限管理、运行情况监视以及生成报表等。该系统进行远程负荷控制，可以降低供电系统的损耗，优化电力负荷。

Description

基于 TD-SCDMA的远程电力负载控制系统及实现方法 本申请要求于 2013 年 11 月 7 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201310545072.X, 发明名称为"基于 TD-SCDMA远程电力负载控制系统及实 现方法 "的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及电气自动化和无线通信领域， 特别是涉及一种基于 TD-SCDMA的远程电力负荷控制系统及实现方法。
背景技术
当前， 节能减排、 绿色能源、 可持续发展成为各国关注的焦点。 人类能源 发展面临的第一挑战，是以可再生能源逐步替代化石能源， 建造能源使用的创 新体系， 以信息技术彻底改造现有的能源利用体系， 最大限度地开发电网体系 的能源效率。因此，期望通过一个数字化信息网络系统将能源资源开发、输送、 存储、 转换 (发电）、 输电、 配电、 供电、 售电、 服务以及蓄能与能源终端用户 的各种电气设备和其它用能设施连接在一起， 通过智能化控制实现精确供能、 对应供能、互助供能和互补供能，将能源利用效率和能源供应安全提高到全新 的水平，将污染与温室气体排放降低到环境可以接受的程度，使用户成本和投 资效益达到一种合理的状态。这就是智能电网的思想。 智能电网是经济和技术 发展的必然结果， 具体是指利用先进的技术提高电力系统在能源转换效率、 电 能利用率、供电质量和可靠性等方面的性能。 智能电网的基石出是分布式数据传 输、计算和控制技术，以及多个供电单元之间数据和控制命令的有效传输技术。
智能电网就是通过传感器把各种设备、 资产连接到一起， 形成一个客户服 务总线， 从而对信息进行整合分析， 以此来降低成本， 提高效率， 提高整个电 网的可靠性， 使运行和管理达到最优化。 智能电网的特点如下：
1)自愈和自适应。 实时掌控电网运行状态， 及时发现、 快速诊断和消除故 障隐患； 在尽量少的人工干预下， 快速隔离故障、 自我恢复， 避免大面积停电 的发生。
2)安全可靠。 更好地对人为或自然发生的扰动做出辨识与反应。 在自然灾 害、 外力破坏和计算机攻击等不同情况下保证人身、 设备和电网的安全。
3)经济高效。 优化资源配置， 提高设备传输容量和利用率； 在不同区域间 进行及时调度， 平衡电力供应缺口； 支持电力市场竟争的要求， 实行动态的浮 动电价制度， 实现整个电力系统优化运行。
4)兼容。 既能适应大电源的集中接入， 也支持分布式发电方式友好接入以 及可再生能源的大规模应用，满足电力与自然环境、社会经济和谐发展的要求。
5)与用户友好互动。 实现与客户的智能互动， 以最佳的电能质量和供电可 靠性满足客户需求。 系统运行与批发、 零售电力市场实现无缝衔接， 同时通过 市场交易更好地激励电力市场主体参与电网安全管理，从而提升电力系统的安 全运行水平。
TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信标准是信息产业部电信科学技术研究院（现 大唐移动通信设备有限公司）在国家主管部门的支持下，根据多年的研究而提 出的具有一定特色的 3G通信标准。 TD - SCDMA系统全面满足 IMT-2000的 基本要求。 采用不需配对频率的 TDD (时分双工） 工作方式， 以及 FDMA/TDMA/CDMA相结合的多址接入方式。同时使用 1.28Mcps的低码片速 率， 扩频带宽为 1.6MHz。
TD-SCDMA系统还采用了智能天线、 联合检测、 同步 CDMA、 接力切换 及自适应功率控制等诸多先进技术，与其它 3G系统相比具有较为明显的优势， 主要体现在：
( 1 )频谱灵活性和支持蜂窝网的能力
( 2 ) 高频谱利用率
( 3 )适用于多种使用环境
( 4 )设备成本低
TD-SCDMA标准公开之后， 在国际上引起强烈的反响。 2000年 5月世界 无线电行政大会正式接纳 TD-SCDMA 为第三代移动通信国际标准。 使得 TD-SCDMA与欧洲、 日本提出的 WCDMA、 美国提出的 cdma2000并列为三 大主流标准之一。这是百年来中国电信史上的重大突破， 标志着我国在移动通 信技术方面进入世界先进行列。
传统电力系统管理方式下， 居民用电抄表效率低下， 成本较高， 电网负荷 控制复杂导致电力企业难以管理。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对传统电力系统管理方式下， 居民用电抄表效率低下， 成本较高， 电网负荷控制复杂导致电力企业难以管理等缺点，提出一种新型的 远程电力负荷控制系统及其实现方法，该系统主要分为控制中心和负控终端两 大部分构成。 整个系统实现了用户用电数据采集、 远程抄表、 用户用电数据统 计分析、 系统运行状况监测以及系统报表等功能。 本发明在智能电网环境下， 通过智能电网和无线通信的结合， 实现了智能电网架构下基于 TD-SCDMA的 远程电力负荷控制。
本发明的技术方案是：
基于 TD-SCDMA的远程电力负荷控制系统， 包括负控终端和控制中心， 负控终端和控制中心之间通过 TD-SCDMA网络进行通信；
所述负控终端集成有 TD-SCDMA模块， 主板与 TD-SCDMA模块通过串 口通信， 选用基于 ARM内核的片上系统作为核心处理器， TD-SCDMA模块 作为系统外设通过通信接口与片上系统连接；负控终端用于对电力终端设备进 行电力信息的采集， 采集的数据包括负荷数据、 电量数据、 电能质量数据、 工 况数据以及电表数据， 同时用于调用 TD-SCDMA模块， 将数据传送至控制中 心， 采用基于动态 IP的 PS域进行传输； 负控终端还用于根据各种控制策略或 主站下达的指令对用户开关进行直接控制或闭环控制 ,对用户计量装置进行防 窃电监控；
所述控制中心包括数据处理主机、 用于通信的前置机、 数据库服务器； 控 制中心用于收集负控终端上发的数据后实现数据库管理、前置机通讯、数据分 析、 远程控制、 报表伺服、 线损分析、 权限管理、 负荷预测功能， 所述前置机 采用固定 IP接入公网以便于同负控终端进行持续通信。
进一步， 所述远程电力负荷控制系统的基本构架自下而上分别是物理层、 系统软件层、 数据处理层、 查询应用层。
进一步， 所述负控终端选用嵌入式 Linux操作系统作为嵌入式系统。
基于 TD-SCDMA的远程电力负荷控制系统的实现方法， 具体包括如下步 骤：
( 1 )规划负控终端所需完成的总体功能： 用户用电数据的采集， 采集的 信号有电流、电压、脉冲信号；与用户的多功能电表进行通信获得电表的数据， 实现远程抄表； 用户用电数据的统计分析、 历史数据的存储和上传功能； 用户 开关位置信号的采集；根据各种控制策略或主站下达的指令对用户开关进行直 接控制或闭环控制； 对用户计量装置进行监控， 实现防窃电功能； 本地显示， 打印功能； 本地语音和声光告警功能；
( 2 ) 负控终端的硬件设计与实现： 负控终端集成有 TD-SCDMA模块， 选用基于 ARM内核的片上系统作为核心处理器， TD-SCDMA模块作为系统 外设通过适当的通信接口与片上系统连接；
( 3 )进行电力负荷控制系统的基本构架设计： 基于 TD-SCDMA的远程 电力负荷控制系统基本构架由四个层面组成， 自下而上分别是： 物理层、 系统 软件层、 数据处理层、 查询应用层；
( 4 ) 负控终端的平台软件设计与实现： 为实现负控终端所需的功能， ，采 用嵌入式 Linux操作系统， 各系统外设的驱动程序由设备厂家提供或自己编 写；
( 5 ) 负控终端的应用程序设计： 应用程序应实现的功能包括： 实现步骤 ( 1 ) 中各项功能， 并能调用 TD-SCDMA模块， 通过基于动态 IP的 PS域将 数据传送至管理终端主机；
( 6 )控制中心的软件设计： 控制中心的作用是完成数据采集的后期整理、 远程控制命令的下发和对结果的确认、用户权限管理、运行情况监视以及生成 报表， 它主要包括数据库管理模块、 前置机通讯模块、 数据分析模块、 远程控 制模块、 报表伺服模块、 线损分析模块、 权限管理模块、 负荷预测模块。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提出的基于 TD-SCDMA 的远程电力负荷控制系统有如下几大优 势：
( 1 )本发明负荷控制能削峰填谷， 有利于协助解决调峰问题。 提高了负 荷率， 使最大负荷下降， 将能降低供电系统的损耗， 从而提高发电与供电的经 济效益。 ( 2 )本发明通过与 TD-SCDMA 网络的结合， 实现了对电力负荷的远程 监控。 电力负荷信息通过 TD-SCDMA网络传输至控制中心， 可对电力负荷进 行实时分析， 并存入数据库服务器中， 提高了电力负荷控制的管理效率。
( 3 )本发明的远程电力负荷控制系统可用于防止拉闸限电。 全面实行负 荷控制后， 高峰负荷时， 通过事先安排削减峰荷， 一般停用的是可中断的供电 负荷， 用户的主要生产用电将得到保证， 不超用将不会限制， 便于安排生产。
( 4 )本发明的远程电力负荷控制系统可以按需量控制和实现分时电价， 用户受益。实行分时电价，可以刺激用户削峰填谷，将使用户支付的电费下降， 对用户来说也是有利的， 尤其是对电费占成本份额较高的企业用户，产生很高 的社会效益。
附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施 例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是 本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的 前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1是 TD-SCDMA远程电力负荷控制系统的体系结构图。
具体实施方式 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本发明所提出的一种基于 TD-SCDMA的远程电力负荷控制系统如图 1所 示， 由基于 ARM的负控终端对电力终端设备进行电力信息的采集， 电力信息 包括负荷数据、 电量数据、 电能质量数据、 工况数据以及电表数据。 信息采集 完成之后， 电力信息通过 TD-SCDMA网络传送到控制中心， 由控制中心对负 荷进行控制 ,并进行计算以及统计分析。控制中心可以对终端及用户进行管理， 并可以监测运行状况及生成系统报表。 整个系统的电力信息采集、数据分析等 一系列机制得以实现。
本发明的系统包含了负控终端、控制中心、 负控终端软件和控制中心软件 四部分：
1、 负控终端集成 TD-SCDMA模块， 负控终端的主板与 TD-SCDMA模块 通过串口通信。负控终端主要安装在需要采集和返回用电数据并对用户的开关 实施控制的用户配、 变电站或箱式变压器下。 TD-SCDMA模块的功能是高效 的将采集的电力信息发送到控制中心，实现了电力信息的采集以及数据的实时 传输。
2、 控制中心主要包括一台数据处理主机、 一台负责通信的前置机以及数 据库服务器。 其中通信前置主机以固定 IP接入公网， 负责与负控终端的通信。
3、 负控终端软件实现电力信息的采集并调用 TD-SCDMA模块， 将数据 传送至控制中心。采用基于动态 IP的 PS域进行传输， 可直接与控制中心中以 固定 IP接入 Internet 的通信前置主机通信， 避免了在通信前置主机上安装 TD-SCDMA模块的不便。
4、 控制中心软件主站实现了数据采集的后期整理、 远程控制命令的下发 和对结果的确认、 用户权限管理、运行情况监视以及生成报表等功能。 它主要 包括数据库管理模块、 前置机通讯模块、 数据分析模块、 远程控制模块、 报表 伺服模块、 线损分析模块、 权限管理模块、 负荷预测模块等。
本发明的实现步骤如下：
步骤 1 )设计一种基于 TD-SCDMA的远程电力负荷控制系统的体系结构。 本系统的体系结构图如图 1所示。
步骤 2 )规划负控终端所需完成的总体功能： 用户用电数据的采集， 采集 的信号有电流、 电压、 脉冲信号等； 与用户的多功能电表进行通信获得电表的 数据，实现远程抄表；用户用电数据的统计分析、历史数据的存储和上传功能； 用户开关位置信号的采集；根据各种控制策略或主站下达的指令对用户开关进 行直接控制或闭环控制等； 对用户计量装置进行监控， 实现防窃电功能； 本地 显示， 打印功能； 本地语音和声光告警功能等。
步骤 3 ) 负控终端的硬件设计与实现： 负控终端集成有 TD-SCDMA模块 等， 选用基于 ARM内核的片上系统作为核心处理器。 TD-SCDMA模块作为 系统外设通过适当的通信接口与片上系统连接。
步骤 4) 进行电力负荷控制系统的基本构架设计： 基于 TD-SCDMA的远 程电力负荷控制系统基本构架由四个层面组成， 自下而上分别是： 物理层、 系 统软件层、 数据处理层、 查询应用层；
步骤 5) 负控终端的平台软件设计与实现： 为实现负控终端所需的功能， 需采用恰当的嵌入式系统。 常见的通用嵌入式系统有 Linux、 VxWorks , WindowsCE等， 考虑到本系统的复杂度等问题， 选用嵌入式 Linux操作系统。 各系统外设的驱动程序由设备厂家提供或自己编写。
步骤 6) 负控终端的应用程序设计： 应用程序应实现的功能包括： 实现步 骤 2 ) 中各项功能， 并能调用 TD-SCDMA模块， 通过基于动态 IP的 PS域将 数据传送至管理终端主机。
步骤 7 )控制中心的软件设计： 控制中心的作用是完成数据采集的后期整 理、 远程控制命令的下发和对结果的确认、 用户权限管理、运行情况监视以及 生成报表等。 它主要包括数据库管理模块、 前置机通讯模块、 数据分析模块、 远程控制模块、 报表伺服模块、 线损分析模块、 权限管理模块、 负荷预测模块 等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明。 凡在本发 明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等， 均应包含在本发明 的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 基于 TD-SCDMA 的远程电力负荷控制系统， 其特征在于： 包括负控 终端和控制中心， 负控终端和控制中心之间通过 TD-SCDMA网络进行通信； 所述负控终端集成有 TD-SCDMA模块 , 负控终端的主板与 TD-SCDMA 模块通过串口通信， 选用基于 ARM 内核的片上系统作为核心处理器， TD-SCDMA模块作为系统外设通过通信接口与片上系统连接； 负控终端用于 对电力终端设备进行电力信息的采集， 采集的数据包括负荷数据、 电量数据、 电能质量数据、工况数据以及电表数据，同时负控终端还用于调用 TD-SCDMA 模块， 将数据传送至控制中心， TD-SCDMA模块采用基于动态 IP的 PS域进 行传输；负控终端还用于根据各种控制策略或主站下达的指令对用户开关进行 直接控制或闭环控制， 对用户计量装置进行防窃电监控；
所述控制中心包括数据处理主机、用于通信的前置机和数据库服务器； 控 制中心用于收集负控终端上发的数据后实现数据库管理、前置机通讯、数据分 析、 远程控制、 报表伺服、 线损分析、 权限管理和负荷预测功能， 所述前置机 采用固定 IP接入公网以便于同负控终端进行持续通信。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的基于 TD-SCDMA的远程电力负荷控制系统， 其特征在于： 所述远程电力负荷控制系统的基本构架自下而上分别是物理层、 系统软件层、 数据处理层和查询应用层。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的基于 TD-SCDMA的远程电力负荷控制系 统， 其特征在于： 所述负控终端选用嵌入式 Linux操作系统作为嵌入式系统。
4、 基于 TD-SCDMA 的远程电力负荷控制系统的实现方法， 具体包括如 下步骤：
( 1 )规划负控终端所需完成的总体功能： 用户用电数据的采集， 采集的 信号有电流、电压和脉冲信号；与用户的多功能电表进行通信获得电表的数据， 实现远程抄表； 用户用电数据的统计分析、 历史数据的存储和上传功能； 用户 开关位置信号的采集；根据各种控制策略或主站下达的指令对用户开关进行直 接控制或闭环控制； 对用户计量装置进行监控， 实现防窃电功能； 本地显示， 打印功能； 本地语音和声光告警功能；
( 2 ) 负控终端的硬件设计与实现： 负控终端集成有 TD-SCDMA模块， 选用基于 ARM内核的片上系统作为核心处理器， TD-SCDMA模块作为系统 外设通过适当的通信接口与片上系统连接；
( 3 )进行电力负荷控制系统的基本构架设计： 基于 TD-SCDMA的远程 电力负荷控制系统基本构架由四个层面组成， 自下而上分别是： 物理层、 系统 软件层、 数据处理层和查询应用层；
( 4 ) 负控终端的平台软件设计与实现： 为实现负控终端所需的功能， 采 用嵌入式 Linux操作系统， 各系统外设的驱动程序由设备厂家提供或自己编 写；
( 5 ) 负控终端的应用程序设计： 应用程序应实现的功能包括： 实现步骤 ( 1 ) 中各项功能， 并能调用 TD-SCDMA模块， 通过基于动态 IP的 PS域将 数据传送至管理终端主机；
( 6 )控制中心的软件设计： 控制中心的作用是完成数据采集的后期整理、 远程控制命令的下发和对结果的确认、用户权限管理、运行情况监视以及生成 报表， 它主要包括数据库管理模块、 前置机通讯模块、 数据分析模块、 远程控 制模块、 报表伺服模块、 线损分析模块、 权限管理模块和负荷预测模块。
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