WO2015065390A1 - Drive system for gas detection system - Google Patents

Drive system for gas detection system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015065390A1
WO2015065390A1 PCT/US2013/067572 US2013067572W WO2015065390A1 WO 2015065390 A1 WO2015065390 A1 WO 2015065390A1 US 2013067572 W US2013067572 W US 2013067572W WO 2015065390 A1 WO2015065390 A1 WO 2015065390A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas sensor
sensor element
control module
information element
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/067572
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Clinton S. FLEMING
Original Assignee
Draeger Safety, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Draeger Safety, Inc. filed Critical Draeger Safety, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2013/067572 priority Critical patent/WO2015065390A1/en
Publication of WO2015065390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015065390A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
    • G01N31/223—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols
    • G01N31/224—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols for investigating presence of dangerous gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0011—Sample conditioning
    • G01N33/0013—Sample conditioning by a chemical reaction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0022—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment using a number of analysing channels
    • G01N33/0024—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment using a number of analysing channels a chemical reaction taking place or a gas being eliminated in one or more channels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/007—Arrangements to check the analyser
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N35/00722—Communications; Identification
    • G01N2035/00891—Displaying information to the operator
    • G01N2035/009—Displaying information to the operator alarms, e.g. audible
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
    • G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
    • G01N35/00712—Automatic status testing, e.g. at start-up or periodic

Definitions

  • the subject matter described herein relates to gas detection, analysis, monitoring and environmental warning systems.
  • Various types of gas monitoring and sensing devices are used in such environmental atmospheres.
  • a gas detection system having housing having an opening, a control module, a drive system interfaced with the housing and in communication with the control module, an analyzer configured to measure a gas species detected by a removable gas sensor element having an information element, and a reader device in communication with the control module and configured to create a
  • the control module detects the removable gas sensor element upon positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field.
  • Positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field can cause the control module to automatically initiate a measurement by the analyzer or the control module to automatically initiate a self-test or the control module to automatically prompt a user to initiate a self-test or to initiate a measurement by the analyzer.
  • Positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field can cause the control module to automatically initiate a flush of the pneumatic system.
  • Positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field can cause the control module to automatically switch the system from a lower power state to a higher power state.
  • Removing the information element from the communication field can cause the control module to automatically switch the system from a higher power state to a lower power state.
  • the control module can power the drive system upon detecting the removable gas sensor element.
  • the drive system can be configured to cause bi-directional linear movement of the gas sensor element relative to the housing.
  • the drive system can be configured to engage the gas sensor element and linearly translate the gas sensor element in a first direction into an insertion position when the gas sensor element is at least partially inserted through the opening.
  • the drive system can be configured to engage the gas sensor element in the insertion position and linearly translate the gas sensor element in a second, opposite direction into an ejection position.
  • the communication field can extend within the housing at least in part near the opening of the housing. At least a portion of the information element can be located within at least a portion of the communication field when a leading end of the removable gas sensor element is inserted through the opening.
  • the information element can be located on an upper surface of the cartridge near the leading end.
  • the information element can be a passive tag that encodes or stores data.
  • the data can be communicated to the control module upon positioning the portion of the information element within the portion of the communication field.
  • the data can include data selected from the group consisting of gas sensor element identification, calibration data, chemistry batch data, manufacture lot number, manufacture date, expiration date, and settings for use of the gas sensor element.
  • the data can be encrypted.
  • the reader device can be a radiofrequency identification ("RFID") reader and the information element can be a RFID tag.
  • the system can further include the gas sensor element having the information element.
  • the gas sensor element can be configured to detect the gas species in an atmosphere.
  • the reader device can periodically check for an information element positioned within the communication field.
  • the reader device can continually check for an information element positioned within the communication field.
  • the method includes generating a communication field within a housing of a gas detection system using a reader device positioned within the housing; and detecting with a control module of the system a removable gas sensor element positioned at least in part through an opening into the housing such that at least a portion of an information element of the removable gas sensor element is within at least a portion of the communication field.
  • the method can further include automatically initiating a measurement by an analyzer in the housing.
  • the method can further include automatically initiating a self-test of the system.
  • the method can further include automatically generating a prompt to a user to initiate a self-test or to initiate a measurement by an analyzer in the housing.
  • the method can further include automatically initiating a flush of a pneumatic system.
  • the method can further include automatically switching the system from a lower power state to a higher power state upon the control module detecting the removable gas sensor element.
  • the method can further include automatically switching the system from the higher power state to the lower power state upon the control module no longer detecting the removable gas sensor element.
  • the method can further include powering a drive system by the control module upon detecting the removable gas sensor element.
  • the drive system can be configured to cause bi-directional linear movement of the gas sensor element relative to the housing.
  • the method can further include engaging the gas sensor element with the drive system when the gas sensor element is at least partially inserted through the opening and linearly translating the gas sensor element in a first direction into an insertion position.
  • the method can further include linearly translating the gas sensor element with the drive system in a second, opposite direction into an ejection position.
  • the communication field can extend within the housing at least in part near the opening of the housing.
  • the method can further include communicating from the information element to the control module data stored or encoded in the information element.
  • the data can include data selected from the group consisting of gas sensor element identification, calibration data, chemistry batch data, manufacture lot number, manufacture date, expiration date, and settings for use of the gas sensor element.
  • the reader device can be a radiofrequency identification ("RFID") reader and the information element can be a RFID tag.
  • RFID radiofrequency identification
  • the detecting with a control module can further include periodically checking with the reader device a presence of an information element positioned within the communication field.
  • the detecting with a control module can further include continually checking with the reader device a presence of an information element positioned within the communication field.
  • the method can further include detecting a gas species in an atmosphere with the gas sensor element.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an implementation of a gas detection system having a reader device
  • FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an implementation of a gas detection system having a reader device and FIG. 2B is a gas sensor cartridge having an information element;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the gas sensor cartridge of FIG. 2B inserted within the gas detection system of FIG. 2A;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective, partial view of the gas detection system of FIG. 2A;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective, partial view of the gas detection system FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective, partial view of the gas detection system FIG. 3 having a gas sensor cartridge in an insertion position;
  • Described herein are devices, systems, methods and articles to monitor, detect and analyze various substances, such as gas species, in an environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an implementation of a gas detection system 5 configured to measure an amount of, or presence of, a gas species detected by a removable gas sensor element or cartridge 30.
  • the gas detection system 5 can have a housing 20 containing a drive system 10 and an analyzer 25.
  • the drive system 10 can be configured to cause bi-directional linear movement of the gas sensor cartridge 30 relative to the housing 20.
  • the analyzer 25 can be configured to an amount of a gas species detected by the gas sensor cartridge 30.
  • the gas detection system 5 incorporates a reader device 12 configured to read an information element 14 of the gas sensor cartridge 30.
  • the reader device 12 can have a
  • the reader device 12 can read and receive information from the information element 14.
  • communication between the information element 14 and the reader device 12 can cause one or more downstream events within the system 5 to take place.
  • the drive system 10 can be automatically powered upon
  • the opening 90 in the housing 20 can include a door 91 or other cover having one or more moveable elements configured to cover the opening 90.
  • the one or more moveable element(s) of the door 91 can be moved from a first configuration to a second configuration to allow the gas sensor cartridge 30 to enter the housing 20 through the opening 90 such as during insertion of the gas sensor cartridge 30 or to allow the gas sensor cartridge 30 to exit the housing 20 through the opening 90 such as during ejection of the gas sensor cartridge 30.
  • the one or more moveable element(s) of the door 91 can also be moved from the second
  • the gas detection system 5 can be a Chip-Measurement-System
  • CMS Crane GmbH&Co KGaA
  • the gas detection system 5 described herein can be used in a variety of locations, including, but not limited to confined space entry such as shafts, tunnels or tanks, and others, locations of natural gas extraction, production and distribution, factories, petro-chemical production and staging, Marcellus Shale gas extraction and production, drill pad (drilling, tracking and flaring operations, frack water re -use/storage/treatment (VOC release from evaporation, leaks and spills), condensate/collection tanks, compressor station emissions, routine pressure relief gas releases (VOCs, H 2 S, CO), diesel or gas fueled compressor engine exhaust (NOX, CO, formaldehyde, ozone), Manufacturing /production of chemicals, petrochemical, solvents, adhesives, paints, stains, other coatings, Hazardous Materials ((e.g.
  • the systems described herein can have application in any area where toxic gases may occur, such as military and law enforcement use as well as in hospitals, research facilities, and industrial facilities to detect exposure to dangerous substances that might be inadvertently released into the environment.
  • FIG. 2 A is a perspective view of an implementation of a gas detection system 5 and FIG. 2B is a perspective view of an implementation of a cartridge 30, also known as a "chip,” configured to be used with the gas detection system 5.
  • the cartridge 30 also known as a "chip,” configured to be used with the gas detection system 5.
  • Each cartridge 30 can be a disposable element configured to hold one or more gas sensors (not visible) located within a measurement region 93 of the cartridge 30.
  • the gas sensor of the cartridge 30 can include a gas measurement tube within the measurement region 93 containing reactants such as colorimetric chemicals configured to change color upon exposure to a gas species.
  • Each cartridge 30 can include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12,
  • the cartridge 30 can have
  • Each cartridge 30 can include more or fewer measurement tubes and the measurement tubes can be grouped into related subsets of detection. It should be appreciated that any combination of measurement tubes in a cartridge 30 are considered herein. It should be appreciated that the cartridge 30 can have various configurations. In some implementations, the cartridge 30 can include single and Simulset short term tubes and tube cartridges (Dragerwerk AG&Co KGaA).
  • the cartridge 30 can, but need not, be a planar element.
  • the measurement tubes can be positioned on the cartridge 30 as a parallel array although it should be appreciated that the cartridge 30 can include a single measurement tube.
  • Each measurement tube within the cartridge 30 can be formed of a variety of transparent materials including, for example, glass or clear plastic or paper.
  • the measurement tube is a tube of capillary dimension such that gas flow through the measurement tube can occur by capillary action.
  • the measurement tube need not be a tube, per se.
  • the reactants can be on a paper carrier.
  • Each measurement tube can be configured to detect one of a variety of different gases including, but not limited to, combustible gases, volatile organic compounds (VOC), H 3 , AsH 3 , C0 2 , CO, Cl 3 ⁇ 4 C 2 H 6 , HC1, HCN, HF, PH 3 , H 2 S, CH 4 ,
  • gases including, but not limited to, combustible gases, volatile organic compounds (VOC), H 3 , AsH 3 , C0 2 , CO, Cl 3 ⁇ 4 C 2 H 6 , HC1, HCN, HF, PH 3 , H 2 S, CH 4 ,
  • the reactants can be exposed to air sampled from the environment, for example upon insertion of the cartridge 30 into the analyzer 25 and drawing of the air sample via an inlet 95 in the housing 20.
  • sand within the measurement tube can change color providing a colorimetric indication of the presence and level of the gas in the environment. The color can indicate what gas is present, how much, and the rate of change.
  • Optics and electronics within the analyzer 25 can perform colorimetry to convert the degree of coloration of the derivative within the measurement tube into a quantitative digital signal.
  • the system 5 can include a drive system 10 configured to engage the cartridge 30 upon at least partial insertion through the opening 90 of the housing 20.
  • the drive system 10 can be configured to cause linear bidirectional movement of the cartridge 30 relative to the housing 20 between an insertion position in which the cartridge 30 and an ejection position. When in the insertion position, the cartridge 30 can be positioned relative to the analyzer 25 such that a reading can take place (see FIG. 6). When in the ejection position, at least a portion of the cartridge 30 can extend through the opening 90 and outside the housing 20 such that it can be grasped by the user and removed (see FIGs. 3 and 5).
  • the drive system 10 can include a drive element 35 such as a drive gear or a roller wheel or other element that can cause linear movement of the cartridge 30.
  • the drive element 35 can be operatively coupled to a motor, such as a stepper motor or other type of motor.
  • At least a portion of the drive element 35 can make contact with at least a portion of the cartridge 30, such as the side of the cartridge 30.
  • surface features of the drive element 35 can come in contact with complementary surface features 80 located on a side of the cartridge 30 (see FIG. 2B).
  • the cartridge 30 can slide along a generally planar surface within the housing 20.
  • One or more features within the housing 20 can provide guidance and support during movement of the cartridge 30 within the housing 20.
  • the reader device 12 of the system 5 is configured to scan or read the information element 14 on the gas sensor cartridge 30.
  • the reader device 12 can include an antenna configured to generate a communication field 13 within the housing 20 of the system 5.
  • the communication field 13 can include a radio wave that impinges upon the information element 14 when the information element 14 is in proximity of the communication field 13. Abackscattering radio wave can be propagated back from the information element 14 to the reader device 12.
  • the system Upon positioning at least a portion of the information element 14 within at least a portion of the communication field 13, the system detects the presence of the cartridge 30.
  • Communication between the reader device 12 and information element 14 allows for automatic detection of a cartridge 30 inserted into (or ejected from) the instrument with increased simplicity, reliability and battery life while reducing overall size and cost of the system 5.
  • the stored data of the information element 14 can be communicated to the system 5.
  • the reader device 12 can be positioned within the housing 20 in a variety of locations and configurations. Generally, the reader device 12 is located within the housing 20 such that the communication field 13 extends at least in part near the door
  • the information element 14 is inserted through the opening 90 of the housing 20.
  • the information element 14 can be located on or within the cartridge 30 in a variety of locations such that it can be read by the reader device 12 when positioned within the communication field
  • the information element 14 is located on an upper surface
  • the position of the reader device 12 within the housing 20 and the information element 14 of the cartridge can vary.
  • the information element 14 is detectable only when at least a portion of the information element 14 is located inside the housing 20 such that the cartridge 30 is detected by the reader device 12 only after the cartridge 30 is at least partially inserted within the housing 20. It should be appreciated, however, that the information element 14 can be detected before the information element 14 is inserted at least in part through opening 90 of the housing 20.
  • the amount of power supplied to the reader device 12 as well as one or more elements incorporated into the design of the housing 20 can restrict the field to achieve customization of the read range or size and scope of the communication field 13 relative to the housing 20.
  • FIGs. 4, 5 and 6 One or more components of the device 5 have been hidden from view in FIGs. 4, 5 and 6 for simplicity and for illustration of the interior of the housing 20 and the way in which the cartridge 30 can be positioned relative to the housing 20 and the communication field 13.
  • one or more components of the door 91 have been hidden from view in FIG. 5 such that insertion of the cartridge 30 through the opening 90 can be illustrated.
  • the information element 14 can be a radiofrequency identification (“RFID”) tag and the reader device 12 can be an RFID reader and the communication field 13 can be the read range.
  • RFID radiofrequency identification
  • the information element 14 can be a passive or an active RFID tag. Active tags generally have a battery used to boost read/write range, allowing for larger memories, or added sensory and data logging capabilities. Passive tags can receive all of their energy from the reader device 12 and are generally battery- less. Passive tags can have anywhere from 64 bits to 1 kb of nonvolatile memory. Active tags can have larger memories, such as up to approximately 128 kb. Passive tags can store data using EEPROM memory. Active tags can include battery-backed SRAM. Multiple frequency bands can be available for RFID communication.
  • a low frequency band around 125 kHz-134 kHz or a high frequency band around 13.56 MHz can be considered.
  • Passive high-frequency and low- frequency systems can exhibit a read range of less than 3 feet.
  • the size of the information element 14 can also impact the size of the read range.
  • the read range is around 6 to 8 inches.
  • the read range can vary depending on the size (or presence) of the information element antenna, the size of the reader antenna, and the output power.
  • Battery-less encoders generally have a small size and a short read range.
  • the size of the information element 14 can vary from
  • the information element 14 can be an optical code such as a bar code or data matrix such as a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) bar code or the like.
  • the reader device 12 can be a camera configured to read the 2D or 3D bar codes or the like.
  • the system 5 described herein can also include near-field communication, optical sensors, chemical switches, and other technologies. Generally, the technology allows for an amount of data to be transmitted from the cartridge 30 to the system 5 when the information element 14 is within a portion of the communication field 13 of the reader device 12.
  • the type of data stored in the memory or encoded by the information element 14 and communicated to the system 5 by the reader device 12 can vary, including, but not limited to, one or more of identification of cartridge 30, calibration data, chemistry batch data, manufacture lot number, manufacture date, expiration date, type of gas sensor cartridge, chemical composition of gas sensor or type of measurement tube(s) present on the cartridge 30, settings for use or adjustment of certain parameters for proper use of the cartridge 30 (i.e. flow rate through the measurement tube), and any other information regarding the cartridge 30 and the system 5.
  • the data of the information element 14 can be encrypted such that only a reader device 12 that has an encryption key or access to an encryption key can be used to read the information element 14.
  • the amount of data stored or encoded by the information element 14 can vary as well.
  • the data size can be a few bytes up to approximately 2 kb. In other implementations, the data size can include a few bits up to approximately 128 kb.
  • the information element 14 can include a memory such as a write-once, read-only type of memory, or a read/write -programmable, such that the information element 14 can be read and written repeatedly.
  • the reader device 12 can be in operative communication with a control module 120 of the system 5.
  • the control module 120 can be configured to receive, process, and store data from the information element 14 as well as coordinate command of the various components of the system 5 during operation.
  • the reader device 12 can periodically or constantly check to see if an information element 14 has been placed within the communication field 13 and communicate that information to the control module 120. Placing the information element 14 within the communication field 13 of the reader device 12 can cause one or more downstream events within the system 5 to take place, including, but not limited to automatic initiation of a
  • initiation of a self-test such as a leak test, optics focus, debris test or other test of the system
  • prompting the user to initiate a test or measurement such as via a user interface 145 or an alert
  • switching between lower and higher power states and others as will be described in more detail below.
  • communication between the information element 14 and the reader device 12 can result in the control module 120 commanding delivery of power from a power supply 140 to the drive system 10.
  • FIG. 5 shows the leading end 83 of the cartridge 30 inserted past the door 91 and through the opening 90 of the housing 20.
  • At least a portion of the information element 14 can be positioned within at least a portion of the communication field 13.
  • the information element 14 can be read by the reader device 12.
  • Data from the information element 14 can be communicated to the control module 120.
  • the control module 120 can power on the drive system 10, for example, commanding the system 5 to shift from a low power state to a higher power state.
  • the fully powered drive system 10 can engage the partially inserted cartridge 30 and linearly translate the cartridge 30 further into the housing in a first direction towards the analyzer 25.
  • the cartridge 30 can be drawn by the drive system 10 into the insertion position such that the cartridge 30 is fully contained within the housing 20 and at least one of the measurement tubes of the measurement region 93 is aligned with the analyzer 25 such that detection and analysis of a gas species in the environment can take place.
  • the drive system 10 can also linearly translate the cartridge 30 in a second, opposite direction into an ejection position.
  • the ejection position can be the position of the cartridge 30 relative to the housing 20 when at least a portion of the cartridge 30 is external to the housing 20 such that it can be grasped by a user and removed from the housing 20.
  • the cartridge 30 in the ejection position can still be at least partially engaged with a portion of the housing 20 such that it does not fall free from the housing 20.
  • the information element 14 of the cartridge 30 can be outside the communication field 13 such that it is no longer detected by the reader device 12.
  • the control module 120 can cause the system 5 to automatically power down from a higher power state to a lower power or stand-by state.
  • the system 5 can include a sensor or other feature that senses when the cartridge 30 is no longer engaged with any portion of the housing 20, such as after complete removal of the cartridge 30 from the housing 20.
  • the control module 120 can initiate other system functions such as a flush of the pneumatic system or self-tests in preparation for receiving the next cartridge 30, or powering down completely of the system 5.
  • the gas detection system 5 can also include a user interface 145 having one or more inputs 150, alarm system 155, and communication system 160 each in bi-directional communication with the control module 120.
  • the control module 120 can be configured to receive, process, store and command the various components of the system 5 during operation. For example, the control module 120 can receive information from the reader device 12 and initiate one or more subsequent events, as described above.
  • the control module 120 can run one or more software programs to oversee, manage, and/or coordinate the measurement, evaluation and analysis functions of the analyzer 25 to make the data acquired useful for a user in terms of analysis and reporting.
  • the control module 120 can combine data for logging and analysis.
  • the control module 120 can also use its evaluating circuit to perform periodic system housekeeping functions and self-tests.
  • the control module 120 can include a memory 135, a microprocessor 136 and an evaluating circuit 137.
  • the memory 135 can store electronic data such as data from the information element 14, flow rates, substance(s) measured, concentration, date and time measured, trend data, temperature compensation, site of measurement, number, calibration values, measure range, cartridge identification information, alarms triggered, alerts, and any other information related to the system 5, its components and their use.
  • the stored data can be retrieved again at any time and communicated to the user such as via the user interface 145.
  • the electronic data capacity of the memory 135 can vary.
  • the electronic data capacity can hold the results of a variety of measurements, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, or more measurements, together with relevant data.
  • the memory 135 can be volatile and nonvolatile, and removable and non-removable.
  • the memory 135 can include computer storage media, including by not limited to RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, DVD, or other optical disk storage, or any other medium which can be used to store computer-readable instructions, software, data structures, program modules, and other data which can be accessed by the system 5.
  • Data can be accessed directly or through a network such as the internet, WAN or a LAN.
  • the user interface 145 can include a visual information display such as an LCD (liquid crystal display), LED, plasma screen, or a CRT (cathode ray tube) for displaying information to the user such as a reading performed or other information.
  • the one or more inputs 150 of the system 5 can allow the user to provide input to the circuitry.
  • the input 150 can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
  • the input 150 can include a user- friendly, mechanical control devices (e.g. switches, dials, keys, buttons), electrical arrangements (e.g. slider, touch screen), wireless interfaces for communication with a remote controller (e.g.
  • RF infrared
  • acoustic interfaces e.g., with speech recognition
  • computer network interfaces e.g., USB port
  • Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well.
  • feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, such as for example visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user may be received in any form, including, but not limited to, acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
  • Other possible input devices include, but are not limited to, touch screens or other touch-sensitive devices such as single or multi-point resistive or capacitive trackpads, voice recognition hardware and software, optical scanners, optical pointers, digital image capture devices and associated interpretation software, and the like.
  • the input 150 can be used to selectively activate the power supply 140 during a period of interest.
  • the power supply 140 can include a variety of types such as one or more batteries, including disposable or rechargeable battery such as a NiCad battery, LiPo battery, Lithium ion battery, NiMH battery or the like.
  • the user interface 145 can indicate the charge of the device if powered by a battery.
  • the system 5 can connect to a power supply charger 165.
  • the power supply charger 165 can include a docking station that provides a constant trickle charge to the power supply 140 provided by, for example, direct connection to a high capacity lead gel battery or a power supply/charger in lieu of a conventional cradle or wall adaptor recharging station.
  • the system 5 can periodically perform one or more self-checks, automatically such as in response to communication between an information element 14 and the reader device 12, or manually to verify the readiness and integrity of various components of the system; the external communication links with network peers and/or remote client/supervisors; viability of the analyzer 25 and cartridge 30 loaded; battery remaining charge; configuration whether to allow operation if connected to a battery charging circuit; whether or not a remote sampling hose is coupled to the inlet 95; and others.
  • the alarm system 155 can include measurement alarms (e.g. threshold alarm etc.) and system alarms (e.g. cartridge jammed/loaded improperly, battery low, etc.).
  • the alarm system 155 can include any form of sensory feedback or alarm (e.g., audible, tactile and/or visual feedback).
  • the alarm system 155 can include one or more illuminated LEDs that indicate a particular status of the system 5 and/or the ambient air condition.
  • the LED can illuminate a green color indicating a clean condition of the ambient air upon taking a reading. Upon detection of a gas hazard, the LED color can change from green to red. It should be appreciated that other visual warnings can be incorporated.
  • the alarm system 155 can also cause a wireless signal (e.g. a wireless transmission to a remote controller or monitor) to be transmitted by the communication system 160.
  • the system 5 can also connect to and operate external alarm equipment such as alarm horns, lamps, traffic lights, etc. remote from the system 5.
  • a triple alarm can also be used in which an audible, visual and tactile alarm can be emitted when the threshold is exceeded or a value falls below a configured concentration.
  • the alarm system 155 can be adjustable such that there are one or more alarm set points for a selected measuring range.
  • the alarms can be latching, meaning human intervention is needed for the alarm indication to be reset.
  • the alarm system 155 can generate one or more alarms using multiple mechanisms simultaneously, concurrently or in a sequence, including redundant mechanisms or complementary mechanisms. It should be appreciated that a variety of alarms can be incorporated into the system.
  • the communication system 160 can be an external communication system configured to send data and hazardous event notifications from the system 5 to an external destination or device and vice versa.
  • the communication system 160 can be used to transmit data such as from the memory 135 to a remote location and/or receive data from remote location device.
  • the system 5 in turn can provide real-time warnings of substances detected in an area.
  • the communication system 160 can transmit via various communications protocols including SMS / MMS to individuals within the monitored area as well as to supervisors / control centers overseeing the activities of such individuals.
  • Other notifications can be delivered by other means including voice telephone calls, e-mails, and the like.
  • the data can be downloaded through the communication system 160 to a remote or local PC, laptop, tablet computer, smartphone, communication station, another detector system, or other remote device, over a variety of communication lines.
  • the communication system 160 of the system 5 can have wired and/or wireless communication capability such as for the sending and receiving of data as is known in the art.
  • the wireless communication capability can vary including, e.g. transmitter and/or receiver, radiofrequency (RF) transceiver, WIFI connection, infrared, optical or Bluetooth communication device, and the like.
  • the wired communication capability can vary including, e.g. USB or SD port, flash drive port, disk, data stick, or the like.
  • the wired and wireless capability may be used for a variety of purposes, including updating software or firmware for the processor.
  • the system 5 can be suitable for both mobile and stationary use.
  • the system 5 can be a portable or mobile system, such as a handheld system or a system capable of being carried by a person of ordinary strength.
  • the system 5 can be small enough to be clipped onto or held by a person, such as on a belt or piece of clothing using a clip accessory coupled to a portion of the housing 20 or in a pocket in the person's clothing.
  • the system 5 can be held and transported using a handle coupled to a portion of the housing 20.
  • One or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein may be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially designed ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include
  • a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device (e.g., mouse, touch screen, etc.), and at least one output device.
  • a programmable processor which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device (e.g., mouse, touch screen, etc.), and at least one output device.
  • machine -readable signal refers to any signal used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable data processor.
  • the machine -readable medium can store such machine instructions non-transitorily, such as for example as would a non-transient solid state memory or a magnetic hard drive or any equivalent storage medium.
  • the machine-readable medium can alternatively or additionally store such machine instructions in a transient manner, such as for example as would a processor cache or other random access memory associated with one or more physical processor cores.
  • the subject matter described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front- end component (e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user may interact with an implementation of the subject matter described herein), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components.
  • the components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network ("LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), and the Internet.
  • the computing system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a
  • client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.

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Abstract

Described herein is a gas detection system (5) having a housing (20) having an opening (90), a control module, a drive system (10) interfaced with the housing (20) and in communication with the control module, an analyzer (25) configured to measure a gas species detected by a removable gas sensor element (30) having an information element (14), and a reader device (12) in communication with the control module and configured to create a communication field (13) within the housing (20). The control module detects the removable gas sensor element (30) upon positioning at least a portion of the information element (14) within at least a portion of the communication field (13). The system is particularly suitable for colorimetric gas detection where the gas sensor element (30) is a colorimetric cartridge. The cartridge holds a bar code or RFID tag for transferring information to the system and for triggering automatically self-check, measurement and powering on or off the system when the cartridge is inserted or ejected, respectively. Related apparatus, systems, methods and/or articles are described.

Description

DRIVE SYSTEM FOR GAS DETECTION SYSTEM
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The subject matter described herein relates to gas detection, analysis, monitoring and environmental warning systems.
BACKGROUND
[0002] A person often must be present in environments where the air is dangerous or can become dangerous due to the presence of harmful gases and toxics. When the air in the environmental atmosphere becomes dangerous to a person, such as due to high concentration of the dangerous gases, it can be necessary for the person to know that fact. Various types of gas monitoring and sensing devices are used in such environmental atmospheres.
SUMMARY
[0003] In one aspect, disclosed is a gas detection system having housing having an opening, a control module, a drive system interfaced with the housing and in communication with the control module, an analyzer configured to measure a gas species detected by a removable gas sensor element having an information element, and a reader device in communication with the control module and configured to create a
communication field within the housing. The control module detects the removable gas sensor element upon positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field.
[0004] Positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field can cause the control module to automatically initiate a measurement by the analyzer or the control module to automatically initiate a self-test or the control module to automatically prompt a user to initiate a self-test or to initiate a measurement by the analyzer. Positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field can cause the control module to automatically initiate a flush of the pneumatic system. Positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field can cause the control module to automatically switch the system from a lower power state to a higher power state.
[0005] Removing the information element from the communication field can cause the control module to automatically switch the system from a higher power state to a lower power state. The control module can power the drive system upon detecting the removable gas sensor element. The drive system can be configured to cause bi-directional linear movement of the gas sensor element relative to the housing. The drive system can be configured to engage the gas sensor element and linearly translate the gas sensor element in a first direction into an insertion position when the gas sensor element is at least partially inserted through the opening. The drive system can be configured to engage the gas sensor element in the insertion position and linearly translate the gas sensor element in a second, opposite direction into an ejection position. The
communication field can extend within the housing at least in part near the opening of the housing. At least a portion of the information element can be located within at least a portion of the communication field when a leading end of the removable gas sensor element is inserted through the opening.
[0006] The information element can be located on an upper surface of the cartridge near the leading end. The information element can be a passive tag that encodes or stores data. The data can be communicated to the control module upon positioning the portion of the information element within the portion of the communication field. The data can include data selected from the group consisting of gas sensor element identification, calibration data, chemistry batch data, manufacture lot number, manufacture date, expiration date, and settings for use of the gas sensor element. The data can be encrypted. The reader device can be a radiofrequency identification ("RFID") reader and the information element can be a RFID tag. The system can further include the gas sensor element having the information element. The gas sensor element can be configured to detect the gas species in an atmosphere. The reader device can periodically check for an information element positioned within the communication field. The reader device can continually check for an information element positioned within the communication field.
[0007] In an interrelated aspect, disclosed is a method of implementation by the gas detection systems described herein. The method includes generating a communication field within a housing of a gas detection system using a reader device positioned within the housing; and detecting with a control module of the system a removable gas sensor element positioned at least in part through an opening into the housing such that at least a portion of an information element of the removable gas sensor element is within at least a portion of the communication field.
[0008] The method can further include automatically initiating a measurement by an analyzer in the housing. The method can further include automatically initiating a self-test of the system. The method can further include automatically generating a prompt to a user to initiate a self-test or to initiate a measurement by an analyzer in the housing.
The method can further include automatically initiating a flush of a pneumatic system.
The method can further include automatically switching the system from a lower power state to a higher power state upon the control module detecting the removable gas sensor element. The method can further include automatically switching the system from the higher power state to the lower power state upon the control module no longer detecting the removable gas sensor element. The method can further include powering a drive system by the control module upon detecting the removable gas sensor element. The drive system can be configured to cause bi-directional linear movement of the gas sensor element relative to the housing. The method can further include engaging the gas sensor element with the drive system when the gas sensor element is at least partially inserted through the opening and linearly translating the gas sensor element in a first direction into an insertion position. The method can further include linearly translating the gas sensor element with the drive system in a second, opposite direction into an ejection position.
The communication field can extend within the housing at least in part near the opening of the housing. The method can further include communicating from the information element to the control module data stored or encoded in the information element. The data can include data selected from the group consisting of gas sensor element identification, calibration data, chemistry batch data, manufacture lot number, manufacture date, expiration date, and settings for use of the gas sensor element. The reader device can be a radiofrequency identification ("RFID") reader and the information element can be a RFID tag. The detecting with a control module can further include periodically checking with the reader device a presence of an information element positioned within the communication field. The detecting with a control module can further include continually checking with the reader device a presence of an information element positioned within the communication field. The method can further include detecting a gas species in an atmosphere with the gas sensor element.
[0009] The details of one or more variations of the subject matter described herein are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an implementation of a gas detection system having a reader device;
[0011] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an implementation of a gas detection system having a reader device and FIG. 2B is a gas sensor cartridge having an information element;
[0012] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the gas sensor cartridge of FIG. 2B inserted within the gas detection system of FIG. 2A; [0013] FIG. 4 is a perspective, partial view of the gas detection system of FIG. 2A;
[0014] FIG. 5 is a perspective, partial view of the gas detection system FIG. 3;
[0015] FIG. 6 is a perspective, partial view of the gas detection system FIG. 3 having a gas sensor cartridge in an insertion position;
[0016] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] Described herein are devices, systems, methods and articles to monitor, detect and analyze various substances, such as gas species, in an environment.
[0018] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an implementation of a gas detection system 5 configured to measure an amount of, or presence of, a gas species detected by a removable gas sensor element or cartridge 30. The gas detection system 5 can have a housing 20 containing a drive system 10 and an analyzer 25. The drive system 10 can be configured to cause bi-directional linear movement of the gas sensor cartridge 30 relative to the housing 20. The analyzer 25 can be configured to an amount of a gas species detected by the gas sensor cartridge 30. As will be discussed in greater detail herein, the gas detection system 5 incorporates a reader device 12 configured to read an information element 14 of the gas sensor cartridge 30. The reader device 12 can have a
communication field 13 within the housing 20 such that when a portion of the
information element 14 is located at least partially within the communication field 13 the reader device 12 can read and receive information from the information element 14. As will be described herein, communication between the information element 14 and the reader device 12 can cause one or more downstream events within the system 5 to take place. For example, the drive system 10 can be automatically powered upon
communication between the reader device 12 and the information element 14, such as upon inserting at least a portion of the removable gas sensor cartridge 30 through an opening 90 in the housing 20 until at least a portion of the information element 14 is located within at least a portion of the communication field 13. The opening 90 in the housing 20 can include a door 91 or other cover having one or more moveable elements configured to cover the opening 90. The one or more moveable element(s) of the door 91 can be moved from a first configuration to a second configuration to allow the gas sensor cartridge 30 to enter the housing 20 through the opening 90 such as during insertion of the gas sensor cartridge 30 or to allow the gas sensor cartridge 30 to exit the housing 20 through the opening 90 such as during ejection of the gas sensor cartridge 30. The one or more moveable element(s) of the door 91 can also be moved from the second
configuration to the first configuration to once again cover the opening 90 such as once the gas sensor cartridge 30 is no longer positioned within the opening 90 (i.e. when completely inserted within or completely removed from the housing 20).
[0019] The gas detection system 5 can be a Chip-Measurement-System
(CMS) (Dragerwerk AG&Co KGaA). The gas detection system 5 described herein can be used in a variety of locations, including, but not limited to confined space entry such as shafts, tunnels or tanks, and others, locations of natural gas extraction, production and distribution, factories, petro-chemical production and staging, Marcellus Shale gas extraction and production, drill pad (drilling, tracking and flaring operations, frack water re -use/storage/treatment (VOC release from evaporation, leaks and spills), condensate/collection tanks, compressor station emissions, routine pressure relief gas releases (VOCs, H2S, CO), diesel or gas fueled compressor engine exhaust (NOX, CO, formaldehyde, ozone), Manufacturing /production of chemicals, petrochemical, solvents, adhesives, paints, stains, other coatings, Hazardous Materials ((e.g. toxic, corrosive, explosive) in manufacturing, construction and end-product use, fire fighting, Hazmat environments, locations of chemical warfare, or any locations subject to off-gassing. The systems described herein can have application in any area where toxic gases may occur, such as military and law enforcement use as well as in hospitals, research facilities, and industrial facilities to detect exposure to dangerous substances that might be inadvertently released into the environment.
[0020] FIG. 2 A is a perspective view of an implementation of a gas detection system 5 and FIG. 2B is a perspective view of an implementation of a cartridge 30, also known as a "chip," configured to be used with the gas detection system 5. The cartridge
30 can be a disposable element configured to hold one or more gas sensors (not visible) located within a measurement region 93 of the cartridge 30. The gas sensor of the cartridge 30 can include a gas measurement tube within the measurement region 93 containing reactants such as colorimetric chemicals configured to change color upon exposure to a gas species. Each cartridge 30 can include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12,
15, 20, or more measurement tubes. In some implementations, the cartridge 30 can have
10 measurement tubes within the measurement region 93. Each cartridge 30 can include more or fewer measurement tubes and the measurement tubes can be grouped into related subsets of detection. It should be appreciated that any combination of measurement tubes in a cartridge 30 are considered herein. It should be appreciated that the cartridge 30 can have various configurations. In some implementations, the cartridge 30 can include single and Simulset short term tubes and tube cartridges (Dragerwerk AG&Co KGaA).
The cartridge 30 can, but need not, be a planar element. The measurement tubes can be positioned on the cartridge 30 as a parallel array although it should be appreciated that the cartridge 30 can include a single measurement tube. Each measurement tube within the cartridge 30 can be formed of a variety of transparent materials including, for example, glass or clear plastic or paper. Generally, the measurement tube is a tube of capillary dimension such that gas flow through the measurement tube can occur by capillary action. It should also be appreciated that the measurement tube need not be a tube, per se. For example, the reactants can be on a paper carrier.
[0021] Each measurement tube can be configured to detect one of a variety of different gases including, but not limited to, combustible gases, volatile organic compounds (VOC), H3, AsH3, C02, CO, Cl¾ C2H6, HC1, HCN, HF, PH3, H2S, CH4,
NO, N02, 03, 02, C7Hi6, COQ2, C3H8, S02, Ammonia, Ethane, Methane, Pentane, and
Propane, benzene, toluene and others depending on the reactants contained within the tube. The reactants can be exposed to air sampled from the environment, for example upon insertion of the cartridge 30 into the analyzer 25 and drawing of the air sample via an inlet 95 in the housing 20. Upon exposure to a particular gas in the air sample, sand within the measurement tube can change color providing a colorimetric indication of the presence and level of the gas in the environment. The color can indicate what gas is present, how much, and the rate of change. Optics and electronics within the analyzer 25 can perform colorimetry to convert the degree of coloration of the derivative within the measurement tube into a quantitative digital signal. [0022] As best shown in FIGs. 4 and 5, the system 5 can include a drive system 10 configured to engage the cartridge 30 upon at least partial insertion through the opening 90 of the housing 20. The drive system 10 can be configured to cause linear bidirectional movement of the cartridge 30 relative to the housing 20 between an insertion position in which the cartridge 30 and an ejection position. When in the insertion position, the cartridge 30 can be positioned relative to the analyzer 25 such that a reading can take place (see FIG. 6). When in the ejection position, at least a portion of the cartridge 30 can extend through the opening 90 and outside the housing 20 such that it can be grasped by the user and removed (see FIGs. 3 and 5). The drive system 10 can include a drive element 35 such as a drive gear or a roller wheel or other element that can cause linear movement of the cartridge 30. The drive element 35 can be operatively coupled to a motor, such as a stepper motor or other type of motor. In some
implementations, at least a portion of the drive element 35 can make contact with at least a portion of the cartridge 30, such as the side of the cartridge 30. For example, surface features of the drive element 35 can come in contact with complementary surface features 80 located on a side of the cartridge 30 (see FIG. 2B). In some implementations, the cartridge 30 can slide along a generally planar surface within the housing 20. One or more features within the housing 20 can provide guidance and support during movement of the cartridge 30 within the housing 20.
[0023] Still with respect to FIGs. 4 and 5, the reader device 12 of the system 5 is configured to scan or read the information element 14 on the gas sensor cartridge 30.
The reader device 12 can include an antenna configured to generate a communication field 13 within the housing 20 of the system 5. The communication field 13 can include a radio wave that impinges upon the information element 14 when the information element 14 is in proximity of the communication field 13. Abackscattering radio wave can be propagated back from the information element 14 to the reader device 12. Upon positioning at least a portion of the information element 14 within at least a portion of the communication field 13, the system detects the presence of the cartridge 30.
Communication between the reader device 12 and information element 14 allows for automatic detection of a cartridge 30 inserted into (or ejected from) the instrument with increased simplicity, reliability and battery life while reducing overall size and cost of the system 5. Upon being read by the reader device 12, the stored data of the information element 14 can be communicated to the system 5.
[0024] The reader device 12 can be positioned within the housing 20 in a variety of locations and configurations. Generally, the reader device 12 is located within the housing 20 such that the communication field 13 extends at least in part near the door
91 covering the opening 90 of the housing 20. This allows for the reader device 12 to read the information element 14 as soon as at least a portion of the information element
14 is inserted through the opening 90 of the housing 20. Similarly, the information element 14 can be located on or within the cartridge 30 in a variety of locations such that it can be read by the reader device 12 when positioned within the communication field
13. In some implementations, the information element 14 is located on an upper surface
88 of the cartridge 30 near a leading end 83 of the cartridge. It should be appreciated that the position of the reader device 12 within the housing 20 and the information element 14 of the cartridge can vary. In some implementations, the information element 14 is detectable only when at least a portion of the information element 14 is located inside the housing 20 such that the cartridge 30 is detected by the reader device 12 only after the cartridge 30 is at least partially inserted within the housing 20. It should be appreciated, however, that the information element 14 can be detected before the information element 14 is inserted at least in part through opening 90 of the housing 20. The amount of power supplied to the reader device 12 as well as one or more elements incorporated into the design of the housing 20 can restrict the field to achieve customization of the read range or size and scope of the communication field 13 relative to the housing 20.
[0025] One or more components of the device 5 have been hidden from view in FIGs. 4, 5 and 6 for simplicity and for illustration of the interior of the housing 20 and the way in which the cartridge 30 can be positioned relative to the housing 20 and the communication field 13. As an example, one or more components of the door 91 have been hidden from view in FIG. 5 such that insertion of the cartridge 30 through the opening 90 can be illustrated.
[0026] In some implementations, the information element 14 can be a radiofrequency identification ("RFID") tag and the reader device 12 can be an RFID reader and the communication field 13 can be the read range. The information element 14 can be a passive or an active RFID tag. Active tags generally have a battery used to boost read/write range, allowing for larger memories, or added sensory and data logging capabilities. Passive tags can receive all of their energy from the reader device 12 and are generally battery- less. Passive tags can have anywhere from 64 bits to 1 kb of nonvolatile memory. Active tags can have larger memories, such as up to approximately 128 kb. Passive tags can store data using EEPROM memory. Active tags can include battery-backed SRAM. Multiple frequency bands can be available for RFID communication. For example, a low frequency band around 125 kHz-134 kHz or a high frequency band around 13.56 MHz can be considered. Passive high-frequency and low- frequency systems can exhibit a read range of less than 3 feet. The size of the information element 14 can also impact the size of the read range. In some
implementations, the read range is around 6 to 8 inches. The read range can vary depending on the size (or presence) of the information element antenna, the size of the reader antenna, and the output power. Battery-less encoders generally have a small size and a short read range. The size of the information element 14 can vary from
approximately 4 mm square to approximately 25 mm square.
[0027] It should be appreciated that other proximity-based technologies could be used besides RFID. For example, the information element 14 can be an optical code such as a bar code or data matrix such as a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) bar code or the like. The reader device 12 can be a camera configured to read the 2D or 3D bar codes or the like. The system 5 described herein can also include near-field communication, optical sensors, chemical switches, and other technologies. Generally, the technology allows for an amount of data to be transmitted from the cartridge 30 to the system 5 when the information element 14 is within a portion of the communication field 13 of the reader device 12.
[0028] The type of data stored in the memory or encoded by the information element 14 and communicated to the system 5 by the reader device 12 can vary, including, but not limited to, one or more of identification of cartridge 30, calibration data, chemistry batch data, manufacture lot number, manufacture date, expiration date, type of gas sensor cartridge, chemical composition of gas sensor or type of measurement tube(s) present on the cartridge 30, settings for use or adjustment of certain parameters for proper use of the cartridge 30 (i.e. flow rate through the measurement tube), and any other information regarding the cartridge 30 and the system 5. In some implementations, the data of the information element 14 can be encrypted such that only a reader device 12 that has an encryption key or access to an encryption key can be used to read the information element 14. As mentioned above, the amount of data stored or encoded by the information element 14 can vary as well. In some implementations, the data size can be a few bytes up to approximately 2 kb. In other implementations, the data size can include a few bits up to approximately 128 kb. In some implementations, the information element 14 can include a memory such as a write-once, read-only type of memory, or a read/write -programmable, such that the information element 14 can be read and written repeatedly.
[0029] Again with respect to FIG. 1, the reader device 12 can be in operative communication with a control module 120 of the system 5. The control module 120 can be configured to receive, process, and store data from the information element 14 as well as coordinate command of the various components of the system 5 during operation. The reader device 12 can periodically or constantly check to see if an information element 14 has been placed within the communication field 13 and communicate that information to the control module 120. Placing the information element 14 within the communication field 13 of the reader device 12 can cause one or more downstream events within the system 5 to take place, including, but not limited to automatic initiation of a
measurement; initiation of a self-test such as a leak test, optics focus, debris test or other test of the system; prompting the user to initiate a test or measurement such as via a user interface 145 or an alert; switching between lower and higher power states; and others as will be described in more detail below.
[0030] In some implementations, communication between the information element 14 and the reader device 12 can result in the control module 120 commanding delivery of power from a power supply 140 to the drive system 10. FIG. 5 shows the leading end 83 of the cartridge 30 inserted past the door 91 and through the opening 90 of the housing 20. At least a portion of the information element 14 can be positioned within at least a portion of the communication field 13. The information element 14 can be read by the reader device 12. Data from the information element 14 can be communicated to the control module 120. The control module 120 can power on the drive system 10, for example, commanding the system 5 to shift from a low power state to a higher power state. The fully powered drive system 10 can engage the partially inserted cartridge 30 and linearly translate the cartridge 30 further into the housing in a first direction towards the analyzer 25. The cartridge 30 can be drawn by the drive system 10 into the insertion position such that the cartridge 30 is fully contained within the housing 20 and at least one of the measurement tubes of the measurement region 93 is aligned with the analyzer 25 such that detection and analysis of a gas species in the environment can take place.
[0031] The drive system 10 can also linearly translate the cartridge 30 in a second, opposite direction into an ejection position. The ejection position can be the position of the cartridge 30 relative to the housing 20 when at least a portion of the cartridge 30 is external to the housing 20 such that it can be grasped by a user and removed from the housing 20. Generally, the cartridge 30 in the ejection position can still be at least partially engaged with a portion of the housing 20 such that it does not fall free from the housing 20. When in the ejection position, the information element 14 of the cartridge 30 can be outside the communication field 13 such that it is no longer detected by the reader device 12. Upon removal of the information element 14 from the communication field 13, the control module 120 can cause the system 5 to automatically power down from a higher power state to a lower power or stand-by state. Further, the system 5 can include a sensor or other feature that senses when the cartridge 30 is no longer engaged with any portion of the housing 20, such as after complete removal of the cartridge 30 from the housing 20. Upon complete removal of the cartridge 30 from the housing 20, the control module 120 can initiate other system functions such as a flush of the pneumatic system or self-tests in preparation for receiving the next cartridge 30, or powering down completely of the system 5.
[0032] Again with respect to FIG. 1, the gas detection system 5 can also include a user interface 145 having one or more inputs 150, alarm system 155, and communication system 160 each in bi-directional communication with the control module 120. The control module 120 can be configured to receive, process, store and command the various components of the system 5 during operation. For example, the control module 120 can receive information from the reader device 12 and initiate one or more subsequent events, as described above. The control module 120 can run one or more software programs to oversee, manage, and/or coordinate the measurement, evaluation and analysis functions of the analyzer 25 to make the data acquired useful for a user in terms of analysis and reporting. The control module 120 can combine data for logging and analysis. The control module 120 can also use its evaluating circuit to perform periodic system housekeeping functions and self-tests. [0033] Still with respect to FIG. 1, the control module 120 can include a memory 135, a microprocessor 136 and an evaluating circuit 137. The memory 135 can store electronic data such as data from the information element 14, flow rates, substance(s) measured, concentration, date and time measured, trend data, temperature compensation, site of measurement, number, calibration values, measure range, cartridge identification information, alarms triggered, alerts, and any other information related to the system 5, its components and their use. The stored data can be retrieved again at any time and communicated to the user such as via the user interface 145. The electronic data capacity of the memory 135 can vary. The electronic data capacity can hold the results of a variety of measurements, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, or more measurements, together with relevant data. The memory 135 can be volatile and nonvolatile, and removable and non-removable. The memory 135 can include computer storage media, including by not limited to RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, DVD, or other optical disk storage, or any other medium which can be used to store computer-readable instructions, software, data structures, program modules, and other data which can be accessed by the system 5. Data can be accessed directly or through a network such as the internet, WAN or a LAN.
[0034] The user interface 145 can include a visual information display such as an LCD (liquid crystal display), LED, plasma screen, or a CRT (cathode ray tube) for displaying information to the user such as a reading performed or other information. The one or more inputs 150 of the system 5 can allow the user to provide input to the circuitry. The input 150 can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. The input 150 can include a user- friendly, mechanical control devices (e.g. switches, dials, keys, buttons), electrical arrangements (e.g. slider, touch screen), wireless interfaces for communication with a remote controller (e.g. RF, infrared), acoustic interfaces (e.g., with speech recognition), computer network interfaces (e.g., USB port), and other types of interfaces. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well. For example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, such as for example visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user may be received in any form, including, but not limited to, acoustic, speech, or tactile input. Other possible input devices include, but are not limited to, touch screens or other touch-sensitive devices such as single or multi-point resistive or capacitive trackpads, voice recognition hardware and software, optical scanners, optical pointers, digital image capture devices and associated interpretation software, and the like. The input 150 can be used to selectively activate the power supply 140 during a period of interest.
[0035] The power supply 140 can include a variety of types such as one or more batteries, including disposable or rechargeable battery such as a NiCad battery, LiPo battery, Lithium ion battery, NiMH battery or the like. The user interface 145 can indicate the charge of the device if powered by a battery. The system 5 can connect to a power supply charger 165. The power supply charger 165 can include a docking station that provides a constant trickle charge to the power supply 140 provided by, for example, direct connection to a high capacity lead gel battery or a power supply/charger in lieu of a conventional cradle or wall adaptor recharging station.
[0036] The system 5 can periodically perform one or more self-checks, automatically such as in response to communication between an information element 14 and the reader device 12, or manually to verify the readiness and integrity of various components of the system; the external communication links with network peers and/or remote client/supervisors; viability of the analyzer 25 and cartridge 30 loaded; battery remaining charge; configuration whether to allow operation if connected to a battery charging circuit; whether or not a remote sampling hose is coupled to the inlet 95; and others.
[0037] The alarm system 155 can include measurement alarms (e.g. threshold alarm etc.) and system alarms (e.g. cartridge jammed/loaded improperly, battery low, etc.). The alarm system 155 can include any form of sensory feedback or alarm (e.g., audible, tactile and/or visual feedback). The alarm system 155 can include one or more illuminated LEDs that indicate a particular status of the system 5 and/or the ambient air condition. In some implementations, the LED can illuminate a green color indicating a clean condition of the ambient air upon taking a reading. Upon detection of a gas hazard, the LED color can change from green to red. It should be appreciated that other visual warnings can be incorporated. Similarly, a variety of audible warnings or alarms can be incorporated in the system 5 such as through a speaker. It should be appreciated that the alarm system 155 can also cause a wireless signal (e.g. a wireless transmission to a remote controller or monitor) to be transmitted by the communication system 160. The system 5 can also connect to and operate external alarm equipment such as alarm horns, lamps, traffic lights, etc. remote from the system 5. A triple alarm can also be used in which an audible, visual and tactile alarm can be emitted when the threshold is exceeded or a value falls below a configured concentration. The alarm system 155 can be adjustable such that there are one or more alarm set points for a selected measuring range. The alarms can be latching, meaning human intervention is needed for the alarm indication to be reset. The alarm system 155 can generate one or more alarms using multiple mechanisms simultaneously, concurrently or in a sequence, including redundant mechanisms or complementary mechanisms. It should be appreciated that a variety of alarms can be incorporated into the system.
[0038] The communication system 160 can be an external communication system configured to send data and hazardous event notifications from the system 5 to an external destination or device and vice versa. The communication system 160 can be used to transmit data such as from the memory 135 to a remote location and/or receive data from remote location device. The system 5 in turn can provide real-time warnings of substances detected in an area. The communication system 160 can transmit via various communications protocols including SMS / MMS to individuals within the monitored area as well as to supervisors / control centers overseeing the activities of such individuals. Other notifications can be delivered by other means including voice telephone calls, e-mails, and the like. The data can be downloaded through the communication system 160 to a remote or local PC, laptop, tablet computer, smartphone, communication station, another detector system, or other remote device, over a variety of communication lines. The communication system 160 of the system 5 can have wired and/or wireless communication capability such as for the sending and receiving of data as is known in the art. The wireless communication capability can vary including, e.g. transmitter and/or receiver, radiofrequency (RF) transceiver, WIFI connection, infrared, optical or Bluetooth communication device, and the like. The wired communication capability can vary including, e.g. USB or SD port, flash drive port, disk, data stick, or the like. The wired and wireless capability may be used for a variety of purposes, including updating software or firmware for the processor.
[0039] The system 5 can be suitable for both mobile and stationary use. In some implementations, the system 5 can be a portable or mobile system, such as a handheld system or a system capable of being carried by a person of ordinary strength. The system 5 can be small enough to be clipped onto or held by a person, such as on a belt or piece of clothing using a clip accessory coupled to a portion of the housing 20 or in a pocket in the person's clothing. Alternatively, the system 5 can be held and transported using a handle coupled to a portion of the housing 20.
[0040] One or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein may be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially designed ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include
implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device (e.g., mouse, touch screen, etc.), and at least one output device.
[0041] These computer programs, which can also be referred to as programs, software, software applications, applications, components, or code, include machine instructions for a programmable processor, and can be implemented in a high-level procedural language, an object-oriented programming language, a functional programming language, a logical programming language, and/or in assembly/machine language. As used herein, the term "machine -readable medium" (sometimes referred to as a computer program product) refers to physically embodied apparatus and/or device, such as for example magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, and Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable data processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal. The term "machine -readable signal" refers to any signal used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable data processor. The machine -readable medium can store such machine instructions non-transitorily, such as for example as would a non-transient solid state memory or a magnetic hard drive or any equivalent storage medium. The machine-readable medium can alternatively or additionally store such machine instructions in a transient manner, such as for example as would a processor cache or other random access memory associated with one or more physical processor cores.
[0042] The subject matter described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front- end component (e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user may interact with an implementation of the subject matter described herein), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network ("LAN"), a wide area network ("WAN"), and the Internet. [0043] The computing system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a
communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.
[0044] The subject matter described herein can be embodied in systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles depending on the desired configuration. The implementations set forth in the foregoing description do not represent all
implementations consistent with the subject matter described herein. Instead, they are merely some examples consistent with aspects related to the described subject matter. Although a few variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible. In particular, further features and/or variations can be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, the implementations described above can be directed to various combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features and/or combinations and subcombinations of several further features disclosed above. In addition, the logic flow(s) depicted in the accompanying figures and/or described herein do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. Other implementations may be within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A gas detection system comprising:
a housing having an opening;
a control module;
a drive system interfaced with the housing and in communication with the control module;
an analyzer configured to measure a gas species detected by a removable gas sensor element having an information element; and
a reader device in communication with the control module and configured to create a communication field within the housing,
wherein the control module detects the removable gas sensor element upon positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field causes the control module to automatically initiate a measurement by the analyzer.
3. The system of claims 1 or 2, wherein positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field causes the control module to automatically initiate a self-test.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field causes the control module to automatically prompt a user to initiate a self-test or to initiate a measurement by the analyzer.
5. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field causes the control module to automatically initiate a flush of the pneumatic system.
6. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein positioning at least a portion of the information element within at least a portion of the communication field causes the control module to automatically switch the system from a lower power state to a higher power state.
7. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein removing the information element from the communication field causes the control module to automatically switch the system from a higher power state to a lower power state.
8. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the control module powers the drive system upon detecting the removable gas sensor element.
9. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the drive system is configured to cause bi-directional linear movement of the gas sensor element relative to the housing.
10. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the drive system is configured to engage the gas sensor element and linearly translate the gas sensor element in a first direction into an insertion position when the gas sensor element is at least partially inserted through the opening.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the drive system is configured to engage the gas sensor element in the insertion position and linearly translate the gas sensor element in a second, opposite direction into an ejection position.
12. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the communication field extends within the housing at least in part near the opening of the housing.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the information element is located within at least a portion of the communication field when a leading end of the removable gas sensor element is inserted through the opening.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the information element is located on an upper surface of the cartridge near the leading end.
15. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the information element is a passive tag that encodes or stores data.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the data is communicated to the control module upon positioning the portion of the information element within the portion of the communication field.
17. The system of claims 15 or 16, wherein the data includes data selected from the group consisting of gas sensor element identification, calibration data, chemistry batch data, manufacture lot number, manufacture date, expiration date, and settings for use of the gas sensor element.
18. The system of any of claims 15-17, wherein the data is encrypted.
19. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the reader device is a radiofrequency identification ("RFID") reader and wherein the information element is a RFID tag.
20. The system of any of the preceding claims, further comprising the gas sensor element having the information element, wherein the gas sensor element is configured to detect the gas species in an atmosphere.
21. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the reader device periodically checks for an information element positioned within the communication field.
22. The system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the reader device continually checks for an information element positioned within the communication field.
23. A method of implementation by gas detection system, the method comprising:
generating a communication field within a housing of a gas detection system using a reader device positioned within the housing; and
detecting with a control module of the system a removable gas sensor element positioned at least in part through an opening into the housing such that at least a portion of an information element of the removable gas sensor element is within at least a portion of the communication field.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising automatically initiating a measurement by an analyzer in the housing.
25. The method of claims 23 or 24, further comprising automatically initiating a self-test of the system.
26. The method of claim 23, further comprising automatically generating a prompt to a user to initiate a self-test or to initiate a measurement by an analyzer in the housing.
27. The method of any of claims 23-26, further comprising automatically initiating a flush of a pneumatic system.
28. The method of any of claim 23-27, further comprising automatically switching the system from a lower power state to a higher power state upon the control module detecting the removable gas sensor element.
29. The method of claim 28, further comprising automatically switching the system from the higher power state to the lower power state upon the control module no longer detecting the removable gas sensor element.
30. The method of any of claims 23-29, further comprising powering a drive system by the control module upon detecting the removable gas sensor element.
31. The method of any of claims 30, wherein the drive system is configured to cause bi-directional linear movement of the gas sensor element relative to the housing.
32. The method of claims 30 or 31 , further comprising engaging the gas sensor element with the drive system when the gas sensor element is at least partially inserted through the opening and linearly translating the gas sensor element in a first direction into an insertion position.
33. The method of claim 32, further comprising linearly translating the gas sensor element with the drive system in a second, opposite direction into an ejection position.
34. The method of any of claims 23-33, wherein the communication field extends within the housing at least in part near the opening of the housing.
35. The method of claim 34, further comprising communicating from the information element to the control module data stored or encoded in the information element.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the data includes data selected from the group consisting of gas sensor element identification, calibration data, chemistry batch data, manufacture lot number, manufacture date, expiration date, and settings for use of the gas sensor element.
37. The method of any of claims 23-36, wherein the reader device is a radiofrequency identification ("RFID") reader and wherein the information element is a RFID tag.
38. The method of any of claims 23-37, wherein the detecting with a control module further comprises periodically checking with the reader device a presence of an information element positioned within the communication field.
39. The method of any of claims 23-37, wherein the detecting with a control module further comprises continually checking with the reader device a presence of an information element positioned within the communication field.
40. The method of any of claims 23-39, further comprising detecting a gas species in an atmosphere with the gas sensor element.
PCT/US2013/067572 2013-10-30 2013-10-30 Drive system for gas detection system WO2015065390A1 (en)

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