WO2015044697A1

WO2015044697A1 - Inverse heat pump

Info

Publication number: WO2015044697A1
Application number: PCT/HU2014/000087
Authority: WO
Inventors: Istvan Magai
Original assignee: Istvan Magai
Priority date: 2013-09-29
Filing date: 2014-09-28
Publication date: 2015-04-02
Also published as: HUP1300562A2

Abstract

The subject of the invention is inverse heat pump, which cooperates with its environment to convert the heat energy to volumetric work. The drive(21) and the cooperated compressor(22) and expander(23) are summarising the technical work of the working fluid(28), that is closed between the compressor(22) and the expander(23) and they are summarising the outside volumetric work(17) outside of the closed volume between the compressor(22) and expander(23), while the heat buffer(26) stores the heat energy, that is dropped by the working fluid(28) and while the cold buffer(27), that is cooled down by the working fluid(28), supports the cooling of the outside(13). ˙

Description

INVERSE HEAT PUMP

The subject of the invention is inverse heat pump, which cooperates with its environment to convert the heat energy to volumetric work. As is known, most heat pumps use the inverse Carnot cycle. The disadvantage of these solutions is that small temperature difference doesn't allow to use the higher temperature heat energy for generating work. The temperature difference, generated by the heat pump isn't enough for the drive back by a heat engine, (see laws of thermodynamics)

The present state of is characterised by the following patents:

US 7,726,129; US 4,033,141; US 4,395,518; WO 2013/121236

The solution closest to our invention from the above list is US

7,726,129. In this solution a heat engine was added to a regular heat pump, which is driven by the heat difference generated by the heat pump. An increase in the efficiency of the heat engine can only be achieved if there is a decrease in COP which neutralises it. It doesn't count with the volumetric work of the outside.

The purpose of our invention is to eliminate the disadvantageous features of the caloric machines described above and to develop advantageous features.

The subject of the invention is inverse heat pump, which cooperates with its environment to convert the heat energy to volumetric work. It is an advantageous feature that the heat difference between the cold and hot side can reach hundreds of degrees of Centigrades. The coefficient of performance (COP) can significantly exceed 10, which is an economical and environmental advantage. Another advantage is that the inverse heat pump can use the volumetric work of its environment (outside) to drive work while the outside pressure pushes warm fluid to the enter of the system, replacing the cold one. We don't use the cycle of the WO 2013/121236 Heat pump with feedback invention. The inverse heat pump heats up the working fluid before the enter of the compressor. The energy source of the heating is the fluid inside of the inverse heat pump. The more heat is coming out, the more volume decreasing is caused inside. This volume decreasing generates the increasing of the volumetric work outside, that are summarized on the drive. This is called inverse drive. This heat pump cycle needs external technical drive on the shaft. This need is decreased by the volumetric work of the fluid outside. The both works are summarized on the shaft. The inverse heat pump works on the inner side of the piston and the environment/outside works on the outer side of the piston. (The perfect summarising of the technical and volumetric work could be a vectorial calculation, but we simplify it to the scalar count. If the low temperature causes condensation at the end of the process, the outer volumetric work may be greater than the technical work, need. See Claim 10.)

We describe the invention in more detail with the help of the attached drawing, which depicts the copy of the cut off shape of the apparatus according to the invention.

In the attached drawing:

Figure 1 The block diagram of the inverse heat pump

Figure 2 The T-s diagram of the inverse heat pump

Figure 3 The energy process of the inverse heat pump

Legend:

1. intake

2. heat pump entry

3. compression end

4. heating end

5. heat-exchange end

6. expansion end

13. outside

14. heat input after exhaust

15. heating energy

17. outside volumetric work

18. pre-heating

20. energy input

21. drive

22. compressor

23. expander

24. heat exchanger

25. heat exchanger

26. heat buffer

27. cold buffer

28. working fluid First, the operation of the inverse heat pump will be described based upon figure 1, 2 and 3. Main parts are: compressor 22, expander 23, heat exchanger 24, heat exchanger 25, working fluid 28, heat buffer 26, cold buffer 27, drive 21.

Below are the results of a calculation carried out on a specifically designed example. The working fluid 28 is said compressible material. The inverse heat pump needs 50 kj/kg outer initial mechanical drive on the drive 21.

Initial data:

Working fluid: ambient air with unlimited volume, temperature: 298 K, pressure: 1 bar (lOOkPa)

The working fluid 28 is the ambient air, moved to the heat exchanger 25 from outside 13. The processes are ideal. The numbers bellow are results of a sample calculation.

After the initial warming up the results are:

The working fluid 28 with 25 °C gets warm up to 200 °C by qi,2 = 175 kj/kg heat energy in the heat exchanger 25 between point 1 and 2. The cycle of the heat pump starts with adiabatic compression from point 2 to point 3. Working fluid has 304 °C and 2 bars at point 3. The working fluid pass the heat exchanger 24 from point 3 to point 4 and it drops q3,4 = 104 kj/kg energy to heat buffer 26. The heat buffer 26 drops this energy later to the outside 13. After that the working fluid goes to the heat exchanger 25 where it drops qi.2 = 175 kj/kg pre heating 18 energy from point 4 to point 5 to the other side. The fluid has 2 bar and 25 °C at point 5. The fluid expands to point 6 where it has -29 °C. The working fluid 28 drops q6,i = 54 kj/kg energy to the cold buffer 27. The final internal volumetric work of the outside 13 goes to zero after discharging of the buffers. The heat pump cycle finishing at the exchange of the fluid material between point 6 and point 2. The exchange of the fluid material gives q2,6 = 229 kj/kg energy to the working fluid 28, that increases its potential energy. Energy balances:

The + is the direction of the moving from outside to inside and the - shows the opposite direction.

Heat energy:

q2,6 + q6,i - qi,2 - q3,4 = 0

229 + 54 - 175 - 104 = 4

The result 4 kj/kg shows a calculation error caused by the Cp changes. The caused error less than 1,5 % for the calculation.

Work: w + M - L2,6 = 0

50 + 16 - 66 = 0

Where L2,6 = 66 kj/kg is the volumetric work on the drive 21, M is the 16 kj/kg work need of the process, W is the initial work. The buffers contain 130 kj kg energy that you can discharge to the outside 13 lather. The inverse calculation counts with the volumetric energy, generated by the heat buffer 26 and cold buffer 27. If you close the system and use higher outside static pressure and temperature you can increase the rated power of the system. The energy of the cold and heat buffers is usable for sourcing energy for heat engines with higher efficiency or for heating or cooling purpose.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Inverse heat pump with compressor, expander, buffer, drive, working fluid, outside characterised by the fact that the drive(21) and the cooperated compressor(22) and expander(23) are summarising the technical work of the working fluid(28), that is closed between the compressor(22) and the expander(23) and they are summarising the outside volumetric work(17) outside of the closed volume between the compressor(22) and expander(23), while the heat buffer(26) stores the heat energy, that is dropped by the working fluid(28) and while the cold buffer(27), that is cooled down by the working fluid(28), supports the cooling of the outside(13).

2. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that the energy collection is proceeded by the exchange of the working fluid(28) from the outside(13), from the cold buffer(27) and from the heat buffer(26).

3. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that the outside(13) is equivalent to the atmosphere of the World.

4. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that outside(13) has controlled static pressure, that is separated from the atmosphere of the World or other heat source by a wall with enabled heat transport.

5. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that the compressor^ 2) and the expander(23) have positive displacement design.

6. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that the both of the compressor(22) and expander(23) or the compressor(22) or the expander(23) produces the pressure difference on the aerodynamic way.

7. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that the utilisation of the heat energy proceeds by the interaction between the heat buffer(26) or the cold buffer(27) or the outside(13).

8. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that the working fluid(28) is ambient air.

9. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that the working fluid(28) consist of 2 or more atomic gaseous fluid or steam.

10. The inverse heat pump described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that the outside volumetric work(17), that is generated by the outside(13) on the drive(21) is greater than the technical work of the process of the working fluid(28), that is closed between the compressor(22) and expander(23).