WO2015044120A1 - Procédé de forgeage à chaud d'un corps creux sans soudure en matériau difficile à déformer, en particulier en acier - Google Patents
Procédé de forgeage à chaud d'un corps creux sans soudure en matériau difficile à déformer, en particulier en acier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015044120A1 WO2015044120A1 PCT/EP2014/070208 EP2014070208W WO2015044120A1 WO 2015044120 A1 WO2015044120 A1 WO 2015044120A1 EP 2014070208 W EP2014070208 W EP 2014070208W WO 2015044120 A1 WO2015044120 A1 WO 2015044120A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- mandrel
- hollow block
- hollow body
- hollow
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000600039 Chromis punctipinnis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
- B21J7/02—Special design or construction
- B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
Definitions
- deformable material in particular steel
- the invention relates to a method for hot forging a seamless
- Hollow body made of difficult to deform material in particular of steel, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention relates to a produced by hot forging tube made of a difficult to deform material.
- Characteristic of the production of seamless tubes from a heated block by hot rolling are the three steps punching - stretching - reducing rolls.
- Reduzierwalzen is replaced by a forming step in the form of a
- Radialschmiedereaes using an inserted into the hollow block inner tool and at least two on the lateral surface of the hollow block acting forging jaws a forging machine, wherein the hollow block clocked in the phase of the idle stroke of the forging jaws is rotated and moved axially.
- the rotation and the axial feed of the hollow block can take place simultaneously or with a time offset.
- tubes with a circumference of more than 500 mm and lengths of more than 4000 mm can be produced very advantageously.
- the method is not optimally designed for the forging of difficult-to-form materials.
- metallic materials, especially steels understood that at the forming temperature, ie the forging temperature, a yield point of more than 150 MPa determined at 0.3 logarithmic strain and a
- these are steels with chromium contents of more than 5.0% by weight, duplex steels, nickel-base alloys or refractory metals.
- Usual forging temperatures are depending on the material to be forged at least 70% of the respective melting temperature of the material.
- the forging temperature of the Inconel 718 material is at least 850 ° C.
- the forge can be a
- Mandrel body is on a support rod, also called mandrel, attached, with the mandrel body in the phase of the idle stroke in the hollow block can be moved axially or rotated.
- a support rod also called mandrel
- sufficiently long service life of the forging mandrel and consistently high quality of the inner surface of the tube can not yet be ensured in materials which are difficult to form.
- German Patent Application DE 10 2012 107 375 A1 already discloses a device for forging a hollow body with forging tools arranged centrally and symmetrically about a forging axis.
- a rotary drive can be controlled via a control device as a function of the rotational position of the forging mandrel relative to the forging tools.
- the object of the invention is an improved method for producing a seamless hot-finished metallic hollow body by hot forging
- this object is achieved by a method for hot forging a seamless hollow body made of difficult-to-form material, in particular steel, having a yield point at forming temperature of more than 150 MPa determined at 0.3 logarithmic strain and a
- Forming rate of 10 / s by means of hot forging which is characterized in that the hot forging is carried out with a forming degree in the forged section with ln (A0 / A1) of less than 1, 5 and a process-related strain rate of less than 5 / s, A0 as a local cross-sectional area of a hollow body to be forged in m 2 and A1 as a local cross-sectional area of the finished hollow body in m 2 and the
- Deformation rate as maximum speed of the hollow body to be forged in m / s based on the outer diameter of the finished forged hollow body in m are defined.
- the service life of the forging mandrel can advantageously be improved by using a forging mandrel made of a material having a strength of at least 700 MPa at 500 ° C.
- hot forging is characterized by the fact that the hollow body located at the forging temperature has a forging mandrel attached to a mandrel as an internal tool, by means of a forging axis arranged symmetrically and drivable in the radial strokes acting on the shell surface of the hollow body and the forging mandrel
- Schmiedebacken a forging machine is formed into a tube with a tube circumference of on average at least 500 mm and a length of at least 4000 mm, the hollow body clocked in the phase of the idle stroke of the
- the proposed method has the advantage that now hollow body made of difficult to transform materials with optimum inner surface can be produced economically, at the same time significantly increased service life of the forging mandrel.
- the proposed forging process is particularly effective and qualitatively favorable if, depending on the pipe diameter to be forged, two, four or more forging jaws are used, which act in a plane synchronously on the lateral surface of the hollow block.
- the inserted as an internal tool in the hollow block forging mandrel can in principle be arranged freely movable in the hollow block. For better distribution, in particular the thermal load, but it is advantageous to rotate the forging mandrel in the phases of idle strokes and / or to move in the same direction or opposite to the axial feed of the hollow block.
- the forging mandrel is rotated by means of a controller or a controller and / or moved in the axial direction, because it is then possible to specifically homogenize the thermal and mechanical load of the forging mandrel.
- the axial mandrel speed is either constant or variable.
- the rotation of the forging mandrel should be so large that in the following forging stroke the loads act on a region of the forging mandrel, which were without or with little impact in the previous forging.
- the direction of rotation of the forging mandrel can be selected equal to or different from the direction of rotation of the hollow block.
- Forging mandrel and hollow block are larger and thus heat welding of the workpiece with the forging mandrel can be better prevented.
- the forging mandrel may additionally be provided with a coating consisting of a ceramic, for example Tungsten carbide, and having a layer thickness of at least 0.02 mm and a maximum of 0.2 mm has a surface hardness of at least 900 HV0.1 at room temperature.
- a coating consisting of a ceramic, for example Tungsten carbide, and having a layer thickness of at least 0.02 mm and a maximum of 0.2 mm has a surface hardness of at least 900 HV0.1 at room temperature.
- the coating according to the invention relates to a tribologically acting layer, which by its thickness in the area mentioned both the necessary
- abrasion resistance also achieves heat welding of the hollow block on
- the release agent and / or lubricant may be applied to the inside of the hollow block before the start of the radial forging process and / or the
- Forging mandrel is lubricated at least in the area of the forging jaws acting on it before or during forging.
- Inner surface of the hollow block amount of not less than 40 g / m 2 .
- Direction of rotation of the forging mandrel and the hollow block of the forging mandrel a twice as high rotation step between the Umformh Claus is advantageous than uneven direction of rotation. This is because the contact surface of the forging jaw and thus the contact surface on the mandrel is always slightly asymmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the forging jaw and thus the lubricant is more easily pressed into the incoming zone and stripped from the mandrel. This is at the same direction of rotation significantly larger (about twice as large) rotation step of the mandrel necessary to bring the release agent and / or lubricant in the forming zone.
- Forging mandrel and DSH is the turning step in angular degree of the hollow block. It has been found that the width of the contact zone of the forging mandrel is significantly lower than that of the forge. Falling below the above limit leads to investigations on massive thermal stresses on the mandrel, which usually lead to plugs and thus to a failure of the process.
- the forging mandrel is thermally stressed by two influences before contact during forging.
- the radiation load through the warm workpiece and on the other hand by the introduced in the contact zone with the forging mandrel amount of heat.
- the thermal loads can be adjusted by the variability of the mandrel speed such that equalization of the introduced heat sufficiently reduces the maximum temperature of the mandrel surface to prevent plastic deformation or premature wear of the forge mandrel.
- Hollow blocks in the forging machine in m / s and GA discharge speed of the hollow block into the forging machine in m / s.
- the forging mandrel can be solid or designed as a hollow body.
- Forging is cooled from the outside to further reduce the thermal load.
- the wall thickness should be at least 9% for an internal cooling and at least 15% of the outside diameter of the forging mandrel for external cooling.
- the forging mandrel should have a length calculated as follows:
- forging a forging mandrel which has a conicity of at least 1: 1000, with the larger diameter at the mandril end of the Forging mandrel. Compliance with the specified conicity is necessary because the forged workpiece cools behind the forming zone such that a
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention therefore provides that in terms of compliance with the tolerance requirements for inner or outer diameter and wall thickness of the hollow body, which by the conicity of
- Forging mandrel diameter conditional geometric deviation of the hollow body during forging is compensated by adjusting the stroke of the forging hammers.
- Diameter between forging mandrel and hollow block in m and HL represent the length of the hollow block in m.
- the inner diameter and the inner contour over the length of the forged hollow body are determined essentially by the geometry of the inner tool, preferably in the form of a cylindrical dome.
- Forming of the forging tools and / or a special control of the strokes of the forging hammers and the axial movements of the forging mandrel in addition to outside and inside round tubes also produce axisymmetric tubes, for example, as rectangular or square hollow body, even the used hollow block may have a corresponding geometry, so that the necessary forming work during forging of the finished part can be reduced to a minimum. Furthermore, the cross sections of both the hollow block used and the forged hollow body can change over the length.
- a diameter-graduated dome is conceivable with which, for example, stepped or / and conical cylinders with thickened ends can be produced over the length.
- stepped or / and conical cylinders with thickened ends can be produced over the length.
- stepped or / and conical cylinders with thickened ends can be produced over the length.
- several stepped cylinder from a hollow block would be possible.
- the hollow block is not formed as a hollow body open on both sides, but on one side has a bottom. This results in comparison to a hollow body open on both sides to a performance improvement in forging and is also advantageous if the finished part should also have a bottom.
- the finished forged hollow body is after the usual adjustment steps, such as cutting to length, visual inspection, marking, etc. either immediately deliverable or is still subjected to a heat treatment and / or non-destructive testing.
- the heat treatment may be normalizing or tempering. Depending on the straightness requirement, straightening is required.
- over-sanding or other suitable chip removal of the outer surface may be necessary to eliminate the small bumps caused by the forging process.
- Figure 1 shows the inventive method in a schematic representation
- FIG. 1 shows the method according to the invention in a schematic representation in a longitudinal section with a hollow block 1 to be forged having an initial cross-sectional area AO, which enters the forging machine from the left and leaves the forging machine on the right as a ready-to-use tube 2 with a local cross-sectional area A1.
- the forging takes place with a degree of deformation in the forging section in the forged section with ln (A0 / A1) of less than 1/5 and a process-related rate of deformation of less than 5 / s, the rate of deformation being the maximum tool speed in m / s relative to the outer diameter of the finished forged hollow body is defined in m.
- the forging mandrel 4 is made of a material having a strength of at least 700 MPa at 500 ° C and is held in place by a support rod 5, but may alternatively be axially moved back and forth during the forging process and / or rotated.
- the direction of rotation of the forging mandrel can be in the direction of rotation of the hollow block or opposite.
- the forging mandrel 4 is designed as a solid body with a taper of more than 1: 1000 and is cooled only from the outside.
- Each forging jaw 3 to 3 "' has in longitudinal section a predominantly conically shaped inlet section 8 and a subsequent smoothing section 9.
- the inlet section 8 can also be slightly convexly curved.
- all the forging jaws 3 to 3 "' have a concave curvature, as a rule, the curvature is a circular arc whose radius is greater than the current radius of the part to be forged.
- the movement arrows 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are intended to illustrate the radial stroke of the respective forging jaw 3 to 3 "'.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112016003146-6A BR112016003146B1 (pt) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-23 | Método para forjar a quente corpos ocos sem costura |
CN201480049890.3A CN105592954B (zh) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-23 | 由难加工材料制成、特别是由钢制成的无缝空心体的热锻方法 |
EP14772322.5A EP3049200B1 (fr) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-23 | Procédé de forgeage à chaud d'un corps creux sans soudure en matériau difficile à déformer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013219310.6 | 2013-09-25 | ||
DE201310219310 DE102013219310A1 (de) | 2013-09-25 | 2013-09-25 | Verfahren zum Warmschmieden eines nahtlosen Hohlkörpers aus schwer umformbarem Werkstoff, insbesondere aus Stahl |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015044120A1 true WO2015044120A1 (fr) | 2015-04-02 |
Family
ID=51619162
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2014/070208 WO2015044120A1 (fr) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-23 | Procédé de forgeage à chaud d'un corps creux sans soudure en matériau difficile à déformer, en particulier en acier |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3049200B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN105592954B (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112016003146B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102013219310A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015044120A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170030398A1 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method of manufacturing light rotor shaft for eco-friendly vehicles |
CN113477857A (zh) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏太平洋精锻科技股份有限公司 | 一种空心电机轴的成形加工方法 |
CN114514081A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-05-17 | Gfm有限责任公司 | 通过减小末端凝固区域中的横截面来加工在横截面中呈圆形的金属的铸坯的方法和设备 |
Families Citing this family (9)
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CN106734839B (zh) * | 2017-01-04 | 2018-10-23 | 上海理工大学 | 一种预防变截面变壁厚中间轴旋锻过程中出现缺陷的方法 |
CN108620520A (zh) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-10-09 | 周继礼 | 锻造白口铸铁缸套 |
CN111687237A (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-22 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | 厚壁毛细钛合金无缝管的冷轧方法 |
DE102021203374A1 (de) | 2021-04-06 | 2022-10-06 | Magna powertrain gmbh & co kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Polygonwelle |
CN113059330B (zh) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-04-29 | 中寰(山东)重工机械有限公司 | 一种大口径壳体一体化成形方法 |
DE102022208461A1 (de) | 2022-08-15 | 2024-02-15 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zur automatischen Stichplanberechnung beim Radialschmieden I |
DE102022208463A1 (de) | 2022-08-15 | 2024-02-15 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zur automatischen Stichplanberechnung beim Schmieden von abgesetzten Wellen |
DE102022208462A1 (de) | 2022-08-15 | 2024-02-15 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zur automatischen Stichplanberechnung beim Radialschmieden II |
CN116689681B (zh) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏龙城精锻集团有限公司 | 一种新能源汽车驱动电机空心轴旋锻设备及工艺 |
Citations (2)
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JP2004122168A (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-22 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 中空鍛造品の製造方法および製造装置 |
CN102632175A (zh) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-15 | 江苏诚德钢管股份有限公司 | 一种铸态镁合金管材的径向锻造工艺 |
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WO2005038067A1 (fr) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-04-28 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Conduite en acier continue a potentiel d'expansion pour puits de petrole et procede d'elaboration |
JP4513807B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2010-07-28 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Fe−Ni合金素管及びその製造方法 |
DE102005052178B4 (de) | 2004-10-25 | 2008-06-19 | V&M Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines nahtlos warmgefertigten Stahlrohres |
DE102005027259B4 (de) * | 2005-06-13 | 2012-09-27 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen durch Halbwarm-Umformung |
DE102007032804B3 (de) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-09-04 | V&M Deutschland Gmbh | Schmiededorn zum Warmschmieden rohrförmiger Werkstücke aus Metall |
BRPI0704944A8 (pt) * | 2007-11-30 | 2017-08-15 | V & M Do Brasil S/A | Eixo forjado de tubo sem costura para veículos ferroviários e processo de fabricação de eixo forjado de tubo sem costura para veículos ferroviários |
AT511745B1 (de) * | 2011-08-12 | 2014-09-15 | Gfm Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum schmieden eines hohlkörpers |
-
2013
- 2013-09-25 DE DE201310219310 patent/DE102013219310A1/de active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-09-23 CN CN201480049890.3A patent/CN105592954B/zh active Active
- 2014-09-23 WO PCT/EP2014/070208 patent/WO2015044120A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-09-23 EP EP14772322.5A patent/EP3049200B1/fr active Active
- 2014-09-23 BR BR112016003146-6A patent/BR112016003146B1/pt active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2004122168A (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-22 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 中空鍛造品の製造方法および製造装置 |
CN102632175A (zh) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-15 | 江苏诚德钢管股份有限公司 | 一种铸态镁合金管材的径向锻造工艺 |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170030398A1 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method of manufacturing light rotor shaft for eco-friendly vehicles |
US9982706B2 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-05-29 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method of manufacturing light rotor shaft for eco-friendly vehicles |
CN114514081A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-05-17 | Gfm有限责任公司 | 通过减小末端凝固区域中的横截面来加工在横截面中呈圆形的金属的铸坯的方法和设备 |
CN113477857A (zh) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏太平洋精锻科技股份有限公司 | 一种空心电机轴的成形加工方法 |
CN113477857B (zh) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-11-08 | 江苏太平洋精锻科技股份有限公司 | 一种空心电机轴的成形加工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112016003146A2 (pt) | 2017-08-01 |
EP3049200B1 (fr) | 2024-04-10 |
DE102013219310A1 (de) | 2015-03-26 |
CN105592954B (zh) | 2019-03-22 |
CN105592954A (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
EP3049200A1 (fr) | 2016-08-03 |
BR112016003146B1 (pt) | 2021-07-13 |
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