WO2015043502A1 - 基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法和装置 - Google Patents

基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法和装置 Download PDF

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WO2015043502A1
WO2015043502A1 PCT/CN2014/087519 CN2014087519W WO2015043502A1 WO 2015043502 A1 WO2015043502 A1 WO 2015043502A1 CN 2014087519 W CN2014087519 W CN 2014087519W WO 2015043502 A1 WO2015043502 A1 WO 2015043502A1
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dwi
magnetic resonance
region
weighted imaging
adc value
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胡庆茂
郑惠敏
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
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    • A61B5/0042—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; Arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part for the brain
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/4808—Multimodal MR, e.g. MR combined with positron emission tomography [PET], MR combined with ultrasound or MR combined with computed tomography [CT]
    • G01R33/4812—MR combined with X-ray or computed tomography [CT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
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    • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
    • G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biomedical imaging, and in particular to a method and apparatus for determining cerebral ischemic features based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging.
  • Cerebrovascular disease In China, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease has increased year by year. In recent years, epidemiological investigations have shown that Chinese cerebrovascular disease ranks second only to malignant tumors in the cause of death. Cerebrovascular disease has a high rate of disability, which seriously jeopardizes human health and quality of life. Among them, ischemic stroke (cerebral infarction) accounts for more than 70% of the total cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, the study of strengthening cerebral infarction is particularly important.
  • thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), and intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.
  • rtPA tissue plasminogen activator
  • thrombolytic therapy is prone to serious complications such as bleeding, and must be strictly used according to the patient's brain ischemic features. How to clearly understand the pathological state of the patient's brain ischemic features has been difficult to overcome in medicine.
  • a current method for thrombolytic therapy in patients with hyperacute cerebral ischemia is based primarily on a time window, which stipulates that thrombolysis is allowed when the patient's onset time is less than 4.5 hours and there are no signs of bleeding or bleeding.
  • thrombolysis is allowed when the patient's onset time is less than 4.5 hours and there are no signs of bleeding or bleeding.
  • the vast majority of patients with ischemic stroke cannot be seen within 4.5 hours, and there is an undertreatment problem; while some patients have a good prognosis without thrombolysis after 4.5 hours, if thrombolysis is overtreatment.
  • the above existing methods for guiding thrombolysis in patients with acute cerebral ischemia are based on time window (4.5 hours), cerebral ischemic area (DWI characterization) and no cerebral hemorrhage area (characterized by computed tomography CT). And so on, in accordance with the principles of treatment prescribed by the guidelines, but patients who meet the above conditions are not necessarily able to benefit from thrombolysis, for example, symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis (also known as thrombolysis), and, for example, no Patients who have a good prognosis after thrombolysis (the thrombolysis of this type of patient is an over-treatment, that is, thrombolysis does not work, wastes resources and exposes patients to additional pain and financial burden).
  • the existing method of guiding thrombolysis in patients with acute cerebral ischemia is not based on the precise grasp of the characteristics of cerebral ischemia in patients, and therefore, the existing methods still have some defects.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for determining cerebral ischemia characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging, so as to provide an objective basis for whether or not thrombolytic therapy is provided in patients with acute cerebral ischemia.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining cerebral ischemia characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging, the method comprising:
  • the cerebral ischemic region comprising a core region and a transition region
  • DWI gray-scale distribution parameter of a low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging according to the diffuse apparent coefficient ADC value in the core region and the transition region, where the DWI gray-scale distribution parameter includes The mean square error DWI sd of DWI in the region with low ADC value in magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging;
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for determining a feature of cerebral ischemia based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging, the apparatus comprising:
  • a cerebral ischemic region determining module configured to determine a cerebral ischemic region of the patient to be tested by magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of the patient to be tested, the cerebral ischemic region comprising a core region and a transition region;
  • a gray-scale distribution parameter determining module configured to determine a DWI gray-scale distribution parameter of the intra-diffusion weighted image of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging according to the diffuse apparent coefficient ADC value in the core region and the transition region,
  • the DWI gray-scale distribution parameter includes a mean squared difference DWIsd of an intra-area DWI of a low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging;
  • a determining module configured to determine an intra-region DWI of the low ADC value and the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to a mean squared DWIsd of the intra-region DWI of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging Whether the ADC value in the region of the low-mid ADC value is mismatched.
  • the DWI gray distribution parameter in the region with low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging is determined by the ADC value in the cerebral ischemic region, that is, the core region and the transition region, and whether the brain is lacking.
  • the thrombolysis of the blood patient is based on whether the intra-region DWI of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is mismatched with the ADC value in the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention no longer uses the time window as the main decision basis, but combines the magnetic resonance ADC and the DWI to establish a joint feature, compared with the time window based cerebral ischemia treatment method.
  • the method provided by the embodiments of the present invention makes a decision on whether or not thrombolytic therapy is effective for patients with cerebral ischemia. For scientific and objective, it can greatly improve the cure rate of patients with cerebral ischemia.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the basic flow of a method for determining cerebral ischemia characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the logical structure of a device for determining cerebral ischemia based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the logical structure of a device for determining cerebral ischemia based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a logical structure of a device for determining cerebral ischemia based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a logical structure of a device for determining cerebral ischemia based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the logical structure of a device for determining cerebral ischemia based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the logical structure of a device for determining cerebral ischemia based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a cerebral ischemic feature based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging, comprising: determining a cerebral ischemic region of the patient to be tested by magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of the patient to be tested, wherein the cerebral ischemic region includes a core region and a transition region; determining an intra-region diffusion-weighted image of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging according to the diffuse apparent coefficient ADC value in the core region and the transition region DWI gray scale distribution parameter, the DWI gray scale distribution parameter includes low in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging
  • the mean square error DWIsd of the DWI in the region of the ADC value; the DWI and the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging are determined according to the mean squared DWIsd of the DWI in the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging Whether the ADC value in the region of low ADC value in magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging is
  • FIG. 1 The basic flow of the method for determining the cerebral ischemic feature based on the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of the embodiment of the present invention can be referred to FIG. 1 , and mainly includes the following steps S101 to S103 :
  • S101 Determine a cerebral ischemic region of the patient to be tested by magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of the patient to be tested, and the cerebral ischemic region includes a core region and a transition region.
  • DWI isotropic diffusion weighted image
  • ADC Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
  • determining, by the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of the patient to be tested, the cerebral ischemic region of the patient to be tested may be: calculating an ADC value of the voxel in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging, and the magnetic In the resonance diffusion-weighted imaging, the region where the ADC value of the voxel is smaller than D1 ⁇ ADCref is determined as the core region, and the ADC of the voxel in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is in [D 1 ⁇ ADC ref , D 2 ⁇ ADC ref ] And a region adjacent to the core region in space is determined as the transition region, where D 1 is an arbitrary constant within [0.6, 0.7], D 2 is an arbitrary constant within [0.8, 0.9], and ADC ref
  • the ADC value for normal brain tissue is also the highest frequency in the ADC map.
  • determining a cerebral ischemic region of the patient to be tested includes: calculating a brain tissue and a non-brain tissue according to a T2-weighted image obtained by magnetic resonance, and obtaining a brain tissue image brain(x, y, z) from which the non-brain tissue is removed, It is used to locate and acquire the relevant parameters in the ADC graph; according to the calculated transition region ADC threshold thADC2, the ADC map corresponding to the brain tissue image is binarized with low signal constraint, and the binarized image B_ADC (x, y, z); estimating the core region and the transition region according to the binarized image and the calculated core region thADC1; performing high signal constraint processing on the core region according to the DWI high signal feature of the calculated core region to obtain the core region and the transition region.
  • the DWI gray scale distribution parameter of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging includes the DWI mean DWI avg of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging, the mean square error DWI sd of the DWI,
  • the DWI gray-scale distribution parameter of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is determined according to the diffuse apparent coefficient ADC value in the core region and the transition region, including: the core region and the transition region
  • the region where the ADC value is smaller than C ⁇ ADC ref is determined as the region of the low ADC value in the diffusion-weighted imaging of the magnetic resonance, and then the DWI gray-scale distribution parameter of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is calculated, where C is [ The constant in 0.6, 0.7], the definition of ADC ref is the same as the previous embodiment, which is the ADC value of normal brain tissue, and is also the highest value of the frequency in the ADC map.
  • the region of low ADC value in magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging corresponds to severe cerebral ischemia, and the corresponding DWI should present a high signal; if in the region of low ADC value, the DWI exhibits a large uneven distribution of gray scale, It indicates that the two show a mismatch in the manifestation of cerebral ischemia.
  • the key to determining whether the intra-region DWI of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is mismatched with the ADC value in the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is: which parameter is used to describe the DWI The gray scale distribution is uneven and what kind of threshold is used to determine the DWI gray scale distribution unevenness.
  • One way is to describe the grayscale distribution unevenness of the DWI by means of the mean squared DWI sd of the DWI of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging determined by the foregoing embodiment, and the threshold can be obtained by experience or learning.
  • One way to obtain the above threshold by learning is to assume that magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (including DWI and ADC map) of N cases within 9 hours or longer of the disease is obtained, so that the magnetic resonance diffusion weighting of each patient can be calculated. Imaging the area of low ADC values and the DWI sd of the DWI in the area, and knowing whether the N patients are thrombolysis and the prognosis of the patient, so that the N cases can be determined according to the threshold of DWI sd .
  • the intra-region DWI of the low ADC value and the low ADC value of the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging are determined according to the intra-region DWI gray-scale distribution parameter of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. Whether the ADC values in the area are mismatched include the following S1031 and S1032:
  • determining an intra-region DWI for determining a low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and a low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging by determining whether the N patients are thrombolysis and the prognosis of the patient Threshold DWI , a threshold for whether the ADC value in the region is mismatched, which is a natural number greater than one.
  • an intra-regional DWI for determining a low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging and the magnetic resonance are determined by statistical data of whether the obtained N patients are thrombolysis and the prognosis of the patient is good or bad.
  • the Thresh DWI threshold for whether the ADC value in the region of the low ADC value in the diffusion-weighted imaging is mismatched can be specifically achieved by first thrombolysis when the DWI sd in the N patients is greater than or equal to the threshold Thresh 1 to be determined.
  • DWI sd is smaller than the determined threshold value Thresh 1 thrombolysis without thrombolysis with good prognosis and poor prognosis of the patients and the number of S TN,
  • S FP and DWI sd are smaller than the threshold Thresh 1 and the prognosis is not good after thrombolysis.
  • the number of patients with good prognosis without thrombolysis was statistically calculated by S FN , and the value of the sensitivity S TP /(S TP +S FN ) and the value of the characteristic specificity S TN /(S FP +S TN ) were obtained, and then Find S TP /(S TP +S FN )+ S TN /( S FP +S TN a value of the threshold value Thresh1 at the maximum, as the value of the threshold threshold Thresh 1 when S TP /(S TP +S FN )+ S TN /(S FP +S TN ) is maximum is used as the determination
  • step S1032 if the mean square error DWI sd of the DWI in the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging is not less than the threshold Thresh DWI determined in step S1031, the DWI and the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging are determined. ADC value mismatch in the region of low ADC values in magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging.
  • the method for determining cerebral ischemic characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging shows that the DWI gray distribution parameter in the region of low ADC value in magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging is determined by the cerebral ischemic region
  • the ADC values in the regional and transitional regions are based on whether or not thrombolysis is performed in patients with cerebral ischemia.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention no longer uses the time window as the main decision basis, but combines the magnetic resonance ADC and the DWI to establish a joint feature, compared with the time window based cerebral ischemia treatment method.
  • the method provided by the embodiments of the present invention makes a decision on whether or not thrombolytic therapy is effective for patients with cerebral ischemia. For scientific and objective, it can improve the cure rate of patients with cerebral ischemia.
  • the apparatus for determining cerebral ischemia characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of the embodiment of the present invention for performing the above-described method for determining cerebral ischemia characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging is described below, and the basic logical structure thereof is described with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • the apparatus for determining cerebral ischemia characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging illustrated in FIG. 2 only shows a part related to the embodiment of the present invention, mainly including a cerebral ischemic area determining module 201, and gray scale distribution parameter determination.
  • Module 202 and decision module 203, each module is described in detail as follows:
  • the cerebral ischemic region determining module 201 is configured to determine a cerebral ischemic region of the patient to be tested by magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of the patient to be tested, where the cerebral ischemic region includes a core region and a transition region;
  • the gray-scale distribution parameter determining module 202 is configured to determine, according to the diffuse apparent coefficient ADC value in the core region and the transition region, a DWI gray-scale distribution parameter of the intra-diffusion weighted image of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging
  • the DWI gray-scale distribution parameter includes an average DWI avg of the DWI in the low ADC value of the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging, a mean square error DWI sd of the DWI, a coefficient of variation DWI cv of the DWI, and a DWI lower than the DWI.
  • the ratio of avg DWI r , the DWI cv DWI sd / DWI avg ;
  • a determining module 203 configured to determine an intra-region DWI of the low ADC value and the magnetic resonance diffusion weighting in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging according to a mean squared DWIsd of the intra-region DWI of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging Whether the ADC value in the region of the low ADC value in the imaging is mismatched.
  • each functional module is merely an example, and the actual application may be as needed, for example, corresponding hardware.
  • the configuration requirements or the convenience of implementation of the software, and the above-mentioned function assignment is completed by different functional modules, that is, the internal structure of the device for determining cerebral ischemia characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging is divided into different functional modules to complete All or part of the functions described above.
  • the corresponding functional modules in this embodiment may be implemented by corresponding hardware, or may be executed by corresponding hardware, for example, the foregoing cerebral ischemic area determining module may be executed.
  • the foregoing hardware for determining the cerebral ischemic region of the patient to be tested by magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging of the patient to be tested may also be a general processor capable of executing a corresponding computer program to perform the aforementioned functions or The other hardware device; further, the foregoing gray-scale distribution parameter determining module may be configured to perform the foregoing method according to the diffuse apparent coefficient ADC value in the core region and the transition region to determine a low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging
  • the hardware of the DWI gray-scale distribution parameter function in the region, such as the gray-scale distribution parameter determiner may also be a general processor or other hardware device capable of executing a corresponding computer program to perform the aforementioned functions (the various embodiments provided in the present specification) The above described principles can be applied).
  • the cerebral ischemic area determining module 201 may include a first calculating unit 301, as shown in FIG. 3, based on another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first calculating unit 301 is configured to calculate an ADC value of the voxel in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging, and determine, as the core region, a region in which the ADC value of the voxel in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging is smaller than D 1 ⁇ ADC ref And the ADC of the voxel in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is determined as the transition region by [D 1 ⁇ ADC ref , D 2 ⁇ ADC ref ] and a spatially adjacent region of the core region, the ADC Ref is the ADC value of normal brain tissue, and D 1 is an arbitrary constant within [0.6, 0.7], and D 2 is an arbitrary constant within [0.8, 0.9].
  • the grayscale distribution parameter determining module 202 may include a first determining unit 401 and a second calculating unit 402, as shown in FIG. a device for determining cerebral ischemia characteristics based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging provided by another embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 4-b, wherein:
  • a first determining unit 401 configured to determine, in the core region and the transition region, an area where the ADC value is less than C ⁇ ADC ref as a region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging, where the C is [0.6, 0.7 a constant in the ADC, ref is the ADC value of normal brain tissue;
  • the second calculating unit 402 is configured to calculate an intra-region DWI gray distribution parameter of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging.
  • the determination module 203 may include a third determination sub-module 501 and a first determination sub-module 502, as shown in FIG.
  • An apparatus for determining cerebral ischemic features based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging wherein:
  • a third determining sub-module 501 configured to determine an intra-region DWI for determining a low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging by using the acquired statistical data of whether the N patient is thrombolysis and the prognosis of the patient Threshold Dresh DWI of whether the ADC value in the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is mismatched, the N being a natural number greater than 1;
  • a first determining sub-module 502 configured to determine a low ADC in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging if a mean squared difference DWI sd of the DWI in the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging is not less than the threshold Thresh DWI
  • the intra-region DWI is mismatched with the ADC value in the region of the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging.
  • the third determining sub-module 501 may include a statistic unit 601 and a locating unit 602, as shown in FIG.
  • a device for determining cerebral ischemic features based on magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging wherein:
  • the statistical unit 601 is configured to use the sum of the number of patients with a good prognosis after the thrombolysis is not good or the thrombus is not the same as the DWI sd in the N patients is greater than or equal to the threshold Thresh 1 , and the S TP and DWI sd are smaller than the pending threshold Thresh 1 after thrombolysis without thrombolysis with good prognosis and poor prognosis of patients and the number of S TN, DWI sd greater than or equal to the threshold value Thresh 1 pending thrombolysis without thrombolysis with good prognosis and poor prognosis
  • the prognosis is not good after thrombolysis and the number of patients with poor prognosis and good prognosis is SFN, and the value of the sensitivity is obtained S TP /( S TP +S FN ) and the
  • the obtaining unit 602 is configured to obtain a value of the threshold threshold Thresh 1 when S TP /(S TP +S FN )+ S TN /(S FP +S TN ) is maximum, so that S TP /( S TP +S FN )+ S TN /(S FP +S TN ) is the maximum value of the threshold Thresh 1 as the DWI and the region for determining the low ADC value in the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging Threshold Dresh DWI for whether the ADC value in the region of low ADC values in magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging is mismatched.
  • the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: Read only memory (ROM, Read Only Memory), Random Access Memory (RAM), disk or optical disk.
  • ROM Read only memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory

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Abstract

一种基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法和装置。所述方法包括：通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，所述脑缺血区域包括核心区域和过渡区域；根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数；根据所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配。所述方法对脑缺血病人作出是否溶栓的决策更为科学和客观，从而能够提高脑缺血病人的治愈率。

Description

基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学图像领域，具体涉及基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法和装置。
 背景技术
在中国，脑血管病的发病率逐年增加，近年来流行病学调查结果表明，中国脑血管病在死因中仅次于恶性肿瘤居第二位。脑血管病致残率很高，严重危害了人类的健康和生存质量。其中，缺血性脑卒中（脑梗死）占整个脑血管病的70%以上，因此，加强脑梗死的研究显得尤为重要。
对于缺血性脑卒中，各国的指南均推荐在发病时首选静脉应用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rtPA）溶栓治疗，静脉应用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓也是目前被证明能有效治疗缺血性脑卒中的手段。然而，溶栓治疗容易发生出血等严重并发症，必须严格根据病人脑部缺血特征来使用，而如何清楚了解病人脑部缺血特征等病理状态，一直是医学上难以克服的难点。
现有的一种对超急性期脑缺血病人的溶栓治疗的方法主要是基于时间窗，即规定当病人发病时间短于4.5小时并且没有出血及出血征兆才允许溶栓。然而，绝大多数缺血性脑卒中病人不能在4.5小时内就诊，存在的是欠治疗问题；而有些病人在4.5小时以后不进行溶栓也能有好的预后，若溶栓就是过度治疗。
可见，上述现有的指导急性脑缺血病人溶栓的方法虽然是基于时间窗（4.5小时）、存在脑缺血区域（DWI表征）并无脑出血区域（用X线计算机断层图像CT表征）等等符合指南规定的治疗原则，但满足如上条件的病人并不是一定能从溶栓获益，例如，溶栓后呈现症状性脑出血（即通常所说的溶栓事故），再如，不经溶栓也能良好预后的病人（对该类病人溶栓是一种过度治疗，即溶栓不起作用，浪费了资源并让病人承受额外的痛苦与经济负担）。换言之，现有的指导急性脑缺血病人溶栓的方法不是基于对病人脑缺血特征的精确掌握，因此，现有方法仍然有欠妥之处。
 技术问题
本发明实施例提供基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法和装置，以便对急性脑缺血病人是否溶栓提供较为客观的依据。
 技术解决方案
本发明实施例提供一种基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法，所述方法包括：
通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，所述脑缺血区域包括核心区域和过渡区域；
根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内弥散加权图像DWI灰度分布参数，所述DWI灰度分布参数包括所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd；
根据所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配。
本发明另一实施例提供一种基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置，所述装置包括：
脑缺血区域确定模块，用于通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，所述脑缺血区域包括核心区域和过渡区域；
灰度分布参数确定模块，用于根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内弥散加权图像DWI灰度分布参数，所述DWI灰度分布参数包括所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd；
判定模块，用于根据所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配。
 有益效果
从上述本发明实施例可知，磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数的确定是以脑缺血区域即核心区域和过渡区域内的ADC值为依据，是否对脑缺血病人进行溶栓最终以磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配为依据。可见，本发明实施例提供的方法不再是单纯以时间窗作为主要决策依据，而是通过对磁共振ADC和DWI进行联合分析，建立联合特征，相比于基于时间窗的脑缺血治疗方法（例如，对脑缺血在4.5小时以内的病人溶栓，对脑缺血在4.5小时之后的病人不溶栓），本发明实施例提供的方法对脑缺血病人作出是否溶栓的决策更为科学和客观，从而能够大大提高脑缺血病人的治愈率。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法的基本流程示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置逻辑结构示意图；
图3是本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置逻辑结构示意图；
图4-a是本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置逻辑结构示意图；
图4-b是本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置逻辑结构示意图；
图5是本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置逻辑结构示意图；
图6是本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置逻辑结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
本发明实施例提供基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法，包括：通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，所述脑缺血区域包括核心区域和过渡区域；根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内弥散加权图像 DWI灰度分布参数，所述DWI灰度分布参数包括所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低 ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd；根据所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配。本发明实施例还提供相应的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置。以下分别进行详细说明。
本发明实施例的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法的基本流程可参考图1，主要包括如下步骤S101至步骤S103：
S101，通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，脑缺血区域包括核心区域和过渡区域。
在本发明实施例中，待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像包括弥散敏感系数b为高值的各向同性弥散加权图像（Diffusion-Weighted Image，DWI）、b=0的T2加权图像和由DWI与T2加权图像计算得到的表观弥散系数（Apparent Diffusion Coefficient，ADC）图。作为本发明一个实施例，通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域可以是：计算所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC值，将所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC值小于D1×ADCref的区域确定为所述核心区域，将所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC在[D1× ADCref，D2×ADCref]并且与所述核心区域在空间相邻的区域确定为所述过渡区域，此处，D1为[0.6，0.7]内的任意常数，D2为[0.8，0.9]内的任意常数，ADCref为正常脑组织的ADC值，也是ADC图中频率出现最高的值。具体地，确定待测病人的脑缺血区域包括：依据磁共振获得的T2加权图像，计算区分脑组织和非脑组织，获得去掉非脑组织的脑组织图像brain（x，y，z），用于定位获取ADC图中的相关参数；根据计算获得的过渡区域ADC阈值thADC2，对脑组织图像对应的ADC图进行过低信号约束的二值化，获得二值化图像B_ADC（x，y，z）；依据二值化图像和计算获得的核心区域thADC1，估计核心区域及过渡区域；根据计算获得的核心区域的DWI高信号特征对核心区域进行高信号约束处理，获得核心区域和过渡区域。
S102，根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内弥散加权图像DWI灰度分布参数。
在本发明实施例中，磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数包括磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均值DWIavg、DWI的均方差DWIsd、DWI的变异系数DWIcv和DWI中低于所述DWIavg的比例DWIr，其中， DWIcv=DWIsd/DWIavg。
作为本发明一个实施例，根据核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数，包括：将核心区域和过渡区域内ADC值小于C×ADCref的区域确定为磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域，然后，计算磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数，此处，C为[0.6，0.7]中的常数，ADCref的定义与前述实施例相同，即为正常脑组织的ADC值，也是ADC图中频率出现最高的值。
S103，根据磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配。
已经知道，磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域对应于严重脑缺血，而对应的DWI应当呈现高信号；若在低ADC值的区域内，DWI呈现较大的灰度分布不均匀，则表明两者在表现脑缺血上呈现失配。基于上述事实，判定磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的关键是：使用哪种参数来描述DWI的灰度分布不均以及什么样的阈值来判定DWI灰度分布不均。一种方式是借助于前述实施例确定的磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd来描述DWI的灰度分布不均，而阈值可以通过经验或学习得到。一种通过学习得到上述阈值的方法是假设获得了N个病例在发病9小时或更长时间内的磁共振弥散加权成像（包括DWI和ADC图），从而可以计算每个病人的磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域以及在该区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd，以及获知了这N个病人是否溶栓以及病人的预后好坏，从而可以根据DWIsd的阈值确定对这N个病例进行溶栓与否的灵敏度与特异性。具体地，根据磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内 DWI灰度分布参数，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配包括如下S1031和S1032：
S1031，通过获取的N个病人是否溶栓和病人的预后好坏的统计数据，确定用于判定磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值ThreshDWI，所述N为大于1的自然数。
在临床医学中，对于脑缺血病人，DWIsd≥ThreshDWI且溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好使用真阳性（True Positive，TP）表征，DWIsd<ThreshDWI且溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好使用真阴性（True Negative，TN）表征,DWIsd≥ ThreshDWI且溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好使用假阳性（False Positive，FP）表征，DWIsd<ThreshDWI且溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好使用假阴性（False Negative，FN）表征。在本发明实施例中，通过获取的N个病人是否溶栓和病人的预后好坏的统计数据，确定用于判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的 ADC值是否失配的阈值ThreshDWI具体可以通过以下方式实现：即，先通过对所述N个病人中DWIsd大于或等于待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好的病人数之和STP、DWIsd小于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好的病人数之和STN、DWIsd大于或等于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好的病人数之和SFP以及DWIsd小于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好的病人数之和SFN进行统计，获取表征灵敏度的值STP/（STP +SFN）和表征特异性的值STN/（SFP+STN ），然后，求取使得STP/（STP +SFN）+ STN/（ SFP+STN ） 最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值，以所述使得STP/（STP +SFN）+ STN/（SFP+STN ） 最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值作为用于判定磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值ThreshDWI，即假设，使得STP/（STP +SFN）+ STN/（SFP+STN ） 最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值为Threshmax，则有ThreshDWI = Threshmax。
S1032，若磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd不小于步骤S1031中所确定的阈值ThreshDWI，则判定磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值失配。
一旦判定待测病人的判定磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值失配，则建议医护人员据此不对此类脑缺血病人施以溶栓治疗，以减少死亡率、致残率。
从上述本发明实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法可知，磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数的确定是以脑缺血区域即核心区域和过渡区域内的ADC值为依据，是否对脑缺血病人进行溶栓最终以磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配为依据。可见，本发明实施例提供的方法不再是单纯以时间窗作为主要决策依据，而是通过对磁共振ADC和DWI进行联合分析，建立联合特征，相比于基于时间窗的脑缺血治疗方法（例如，对脑缺血在4.5小时以内的病人溶栓，对脑缺血在4.5小时之后的病人不溶栓），本发明实施例提供的方法对脑缺血病人作出是否溶栓的决策更为科学和客观，从而能够提高脑缺血病人的治愈率。
下面对用于执行上述基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法的本发明实施例的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置进行说明，其基本逻辑结构参考附图2。为了便于说明，附图2示例的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置仅仅示出了与本发明实施例相关的部分，主要包括脑缺血区域确定模块201、灰度分布参数确定模块202和判定模块203，各模块详细说明如下：
脑缺血区域确定模块201，用于通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，所述脑缺血区域包括核心区域和过渡区域；
灰度分布参数确定模块202，用于根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内弥散加权图像 DWI灰度分布参数,所述DWI灰度分布参数包括所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低 ADC值的区域内DWI的均值DWIavg、DWI的均方差DWIsd、DWI的变异系数 DWIcv和DWI中低于所述DWIavg的比例DWIr，所述DWIcv=DWIsd/DWIavg；
判定模块203，用于根据所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配。
需要说明的是，以上附图2示例的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置的实施方式中，各功能模块的划分仅是举例说明，实际应用中可以根据需要，例如相应硬件的配置要求或者软件的实现的便利考虑，而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将所述基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。而且，实际应用中，本实施例中的相应的功能模块可以是由相应的硬件实现，也可以由相应的硬件执行相应的软件完成，例如，前述的脑缺血区域确定模块，可以是具有执行前述通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域的硬件，例如脑缺血区域确定器，也可以是能够执行相应计算机程序从而完成前述功能的一般处理器或者其他硬件设备；再如前述的灰度分布参数确定模块，可以是具有执行前述根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内弥散加权图像DWI灰度分布参数功能的硬件，例如灰度分布参数确定器，也可以是能够执行相应计算机程序从而完成前述功能的一般处理器或者其他硬件设备（本说明书提供的各个实施例都可应用上述描述原则）。
附图2示例的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置中，脑缺血区域确定模块201可以包括第一计算单元301，如附图3所示本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置。第一计算单元301用于计算所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC值，将所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的 ADC值小于D1×ADCref的区域确定为所述核心区域，将所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC在[D1×ADCref，D2×ADCref]并且与所述核心区域在空间相邻的区域确定为所述过渡区域，所述ADCref为正常脑组织的ADC值，所述D1为[0.6，0.7]内的任意常数，所述D2为[0.8，0.9]内的任意常数。
附图2或附图3示例的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置中，灰度分布参数确定模块202可以包括第一确定单元401和第二计算单元402，如附图4-a或附图4-b所示本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置，其中：
第一确定单元401，用于将所述核心区域和过渡区域内ADC值小于C×ADCref的区域确定为所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域，所述C为[0.6，0.7]中的常数，所述ADCref为正常脑组织的ADC值；
第二计算单元402，用于计算所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内 DWI灰度分布参数。
附图2示例的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置中，判定模块203可以包括第三确定子模块501和第一判定子模块502，如附图5所示本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置，其中：
第三确定子模块501，用于通过获取的N个病人是否溶栓和病人的预后好坏的统计数据，确定用于判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值ThreshDWI，所述N为大于1的自然数；
第一判定子模块502，用于若所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内 DWI的均方差DWIsd不小于所述阈值ThreshDWI，则判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的 ADC值失配。
附图5示例的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置中，第三确定子模块501可以包括统计单元601和求取单元602，如附图6所示本发明另一实施例提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置，其中：
统计单元601，用于通过对所述N个病人中DWIsd大于或等于待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好的病人数之和STP、DWIsd小于所述待定阈值 Thresh1时溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好的病人数之和STN、DWIsd大于或等于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好的病人数之和SFP以及DWIsd小于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好的病人数之和SFN进行统计,获取表征灵敏度的值STP/（STP+SFN）和表征特异性的值STN/（SFP+STN）；
求取单元602，用于求取使得STP/（STP+SFN）+ STN/（SFP+STN）最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值，以所述使得STP/（STP+SFN）+ STN/（SFP+STN）最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值作为所述用于判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值ThreshDWI。
需要说明的是，上述装置各模块/单元之间的信息交互、执行过程等内容，由于与本发明方法实施例基于同一构思，其带来的技术效果与本发明方法实施例相同，具体内容可参见本发明方法实施例中的叙述，此处不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述实施例的各种方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，该程序可以存储于一计算机可读存储介质中，存储介质可以包括：只读存储器（ROM，Read Only Memory）、随机存取存储器（RAM，Random Access Memory）、磁盘或光盘等。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法和装置进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，所述脑缺血区域包括核心区域和过渡区域；
    根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内弥散加权图像DWI灰度分布参数，所述DWI灰度分布参数包括所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd；
    根据所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，包括：
    计算所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC值，将所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC值小于D1×ADCref的区域确定为所述核心区域，将所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC在[D1×ADCref, D2×ADCref]并且与所述核心区域在空间相邻的区域确定为所述过渡区域，所述ADCref为正常脑组织的ADC值，所述D1为[0.6，0.7]内的任意常数，所述D2为[0.8，0.9]内的任意常数。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数，包括：
    将所述核心区域和过渡区域内ADC值小于C×ADCref的区域确定为所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域，所述C为[0.6，0.7]中的常数，所述ADCref为正常脑组织的ADC值；
    计算所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配，包括：
    通过获取的N个病人是否溶栓和病人的预后好坏的统计数据，确定用于判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值ThreshDWI，所述N为大于1的自然数；
    若所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差 DWIsd不小于所述阈值ThreshDWI，则判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值失配。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过获取的N个病人是否溶栓和病人的预后好坏的统计数据，确定用于判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值ThreshDWI，包括：
    通过对所述N个病人中DWIsd大于或等于待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好的病人数之和STP、DWIsd小于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好的病人数之和STN、DWIsd大于或等于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好的病人数之和SFP以及DWIsd小于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好的病人数之和SFN进行统计，获取表征灵敏度的值STP/（STP+SFN）和表征特异性的值STN/（SFP+ STN）；
    求取使得STP/（STP+SFN）+ STN/（SFP+STN）最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值，以所述使得STP/（STP+SFN）+ STN/（SFP+STN）最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值作为所述用于判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值 ThreshDWI。
  6. 一种基于磁共振弥散加权成像确定脑缺血特征的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    脑缺血区域确定模块，用于通过待测病人的磁共振弥散加权成像确定所述待测病人的脑缺血区域，所述脑缺血区域包括核心区域和过渡区域；
    灰度分布参数确定模块，用于根据所述核心区域和过渡区域内的弥散表观系数ADC值，确定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内弥散加权图像DWI灰度分布参数，所述DWI灰度分布参数包括所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd；
    判定模块，用于根据所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd，判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述脑缺血区域确定模块包括：
    第一计算单元，用于计算所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC值，将所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的ADC值小于D1×ADCref的区域确定为所述核心区域，将所述磁共振弥散加权成像中体素的 ADC在[D1×ADCref，D2×ADCref]并且与所述核心区域在空间相邻的区域确定为所述过渡区域，所述ADCref为正常脑组织的ADC值，所述D1为[0.6，0.7]内的任意常数，所述D2为[0.8，0.9]内的任意常数。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述灰度分布参数确定模块包括：
    第一确定单元，用于将所述核心区域和过渡区域内ADC值小于C×ADCref的区域确定为所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域，所述C为[0.6，0.7]中的常数，所述ADCref为正常脑组织的ADC值；
    第二计算单元，用于计算所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI灰度分布参数。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述判定模块包括：
    第三确定子模块，用于通过获取的N个病人是否溶栓和病人的预后好坏的统计数据，确定用于判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低 ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值ThreshDWI，所述N为大于1的自然数；
    第一判定子模块，用于若所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI的均方差DWIsd不小于所述阈值ThreshDWI，则判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值失配。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第三确定子模块包括：
    统计单元，用于通过对所述N个病人中DWIsd大于或等于待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好的病人数之和STP、 DWIsd小于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好的病人数之和STN、DWIsd大于或等于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后好与不溶栓而预后不好的病人数之和SFP以及DWIsd小于所述待定阈值Thresh1时溶栓后预后不好与不溶栓而预后好的病人数之和SFN进行统计，获取表征灵敏度的值STP/（STP+SFN）和表征特异性的值STN/（SFP+STN）；
    求取单元，用于求取使得STP/（STP+SFN） + STN/（SFP+STN） ）最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值，以所述使得STP/（STP+SFN） + STN/（SFP+STN） 最大时所述待定阈值Thresh1的值作为所述用于判定所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内DWI与所述磁共振弥散加权成像中低ADC值的区域内的ADC值是否失配的阈值 ThreshDWI。
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