WO2015042224A1 - Pompes à pression différentielle - Google Patents

Pompes à pression différentielle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015042224A1
WO2015042224A1 PCT/US2014/056221 US2014056221W WO2015042224A1 WO 2015042224 A1 WO2015042224 A1 WO 2015042224A1 US 2014056221 W US2014056221 W US 2014056221W WO 2015042224 A1 WO2015042224 A1 WO 2015042224A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
vacuum
fluid
valve
reservoir
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/056221
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sung Hong
Razmik Boodaghians
Nguyen TRAM
Kevin Huang
Shane NAZARI
Christina ORTOLAN
Original Assignee
Mag Aerospace Industries, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mag Aerospace Industries, Llc filed Critical Mag Aerospace Industries, Llc
Priority to DE112014004300.1T priority Critical patent/DE112014004300T5/de
Publication of WO2015042224A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015042224A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/12—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air
    • F04B9/1207—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air using a source of partial vacuum or sub-atmospheric pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B7/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
    • F04B7/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving the valving being fluid-actuated
    • F04B7/0266—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving the valving being fluid-actuated the inlet and discharge means being separate members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/12—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air
    • F04B9/123—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having only one pumping chamber
    • F04B9/125—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting elastic-fluid motor
    • F04B9/1256—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting elastic-fluid motor with fluid-actuated inlet or outlet valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/08—Shape memory

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to pumps and systems that use a differential pressure gradient to transfer fluids.
  • the pumps may use available differential pressure that exists due to outside pressure and cabin pressure due to altitude on-board a vehicle such as an aircraft.
  • the pumps may use a created differential pressure, such as that created by a vacuum generator pump on any vehicle.
  • the pumps and systems may be designed to transport any type of fluids, non-limiting examples including fluids that may contain suspended solids, such as black or grey water, anti-freeze, or any other fluids.
  • Embodiments described herein provide a pump system configured to use differential pressure.
  • the pump system may generally include a pump body comprising at least one vacuum inlet, at least one fluid inlet, an outlet, a vacuum control member, and a reservoir configured for containing a fluid.
  • There may be at least one piston housed within the pump body, the piston configured to move in response to pressure differential.
  • the piston may include a spring body or any other tension-compression storing system that can be compressed when subjected to vacuum and that expands when the pump body is vented to ambient pressure. It is also possible for the pump to work such that a difference in pressure forces a hydraulic cylinder to move across the pump body, forcing movement of fluid.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of one embodiment of a pump system that uses differential pressure to move fluids.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side exploded view of a piston that may be contained within a pump body.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the piston components of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a side cut-away view of a pump body with a vacuum applied to compress piston components or to otherwise force the pistons open to create a reservoir space in the pump body.
  • FIG. 5 shows a side cut-away view of FIG. 4 with the pistons expanded to force fluid out of the reservoir.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic of a pump using a hydraulic cylinder to force fluid out of the reservoir.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a pump body having internal rails for guiding a piston.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide pumps designed to work based on differential pressure.
  • the potential energy represented by differential pressure is particularly attractive in passenger transport vehicles, due to limitations on size, weight, and electrical energy inputs for various components.
  • the present inventors thus determined that it would be beneficial to design pump devices that can use this energy source.
  • the pressure- differential pumps (PDP) described herein are devices that use the various pressure regimes available on-board a passenger transportation vehicle to drive fluids from one location to another.
  • FIG 1 shows one example of a pressure differential pump (PDP) system 10.
  • PDP pressure differential pump
  • the pump body 12 may be made up of two body components 14, 16. However, although two body components 14, 16 are shown in Figure 1, it should be understood that the body components 14, 16 may be integrally molded. It should also be understood that the pump body may be formed as a single integral body. Alternatively, there may be more than two body components provided to form the pump body 12. In the specific embodiment shown in Figure 1, the body components 14, 16 may be formed as pinch valves.
  • the general concept is that the pump body 12 has a reservoir 18 that can contain a fluid, and the pump body can move the contained fluid. The pump body 12 may receive a first applied pressure, and may use that pressure to move contained fluid toward an area having a different pressure. By using different pressure gradients, the system 10 can move fluids without using a high amount of power.
  • the pump body 12 forms a reservoir 18.
  • the reservoir 18 may generally include one or more seals to prevent air and liquid leakages.
  • the reservoir may be in fluid communication with an outlet 20.
  • the outlet 20 is an exit point for the contained fluid to leave the pump body 12.
  • the pump body 12 also has at least one fluid inlet 22.
  • the at least one fluid inlet 22 allows any type of fluid to be received into the reservoir 18 of the pump body 12.
  • a pump inlet 22 is positioned on an outer surface of the pump body (leading to the reservoir 18).
  • a pump outlet 20 is positioned generally opposite the inlet 22 on outer surface of the pump body 12 (leading away from the reservoir 18).
  • Fluid may be delivered into the pump body reservoir 18 using any appropriate manner.
  • the fluid may be forced into the reservoir 18 from another system.
  • the fluid may be grey water from a sink basin that flows into the pump body 12.
  • the fluid may be potable water delivered from an on-board water tank.
  • the fluid may be anti-freeze to be delivered to one or more aircraft components.
  • the fluid may be grey water that has been filtered, collected, and reserved from a sink for delivery to a toilet for flushing purposes.
  • the type of fluid to be moved via a pump system 10 is not intended to be a limiting factor of the pump structures described.
  • the volume of the pump reservoir 18 may collect fluids (from any source) drawn in by the vacuum-driven retreating action of one or more pistons 26, described further below.
  • An inlet check valve (A) may allow fluids to be pulled into the pump through the fluid inlet 22, but prevent them from flowing backwards through the system during compression.
  • an outlet check valve (B) may allow fluids to pass through the outlet 20 (toward the pumping destination) during compression without allowing high pressure, downstream fluids to flow backward.
  • a piston system may be used to move water through the pump body 12.
  • This example may include at least one tension- compression element that may be housed within the pump body 12.
  • the piston may include a compressible feature, such as a tension- compression element spring body 28, and a head 30.
  • the piston head 30 may be attached to a yoke 50, with the spring body 28 positioned within.
  • the yoke 50 may be a sliding yoke that helps create movement of the piston.
  • the yoke 50 may also feature a sleeve 32, such as an elastomeric sleeve 32, around its circumference. The sleeve 32 may slide with the yoke 50 and help reduce or alleviate friction between the yoke 50 and the pump body 12 interior.
  • the piston may comprise a compressible substance, such as gas, that can force movement of the piston head 30.
  • the piston is generally compressed when the pump body is open to vacuum, but expanded when the pump body is open to vent or ambient pressure.
  • the spring body 28 can be received in the yoke 50, which is received in the pump body 12 in use.
  • the spring body 28 of the piston may have a normally-extended resting state. This is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
  • a second piston 34 (with related components) may be positioned in the pump body 12 as well.
  • the pistons 26, 34 may be positioned on opposing sides of the pump body 12, such that when retracted, they help define the reservoir 18.
  • the piston(s) may be formed of yoke 50 that is configured as a hollow cylinder suspended within an elastomeric sleeve 32. Differential pressure may be applied to a sealed region behind the yoke/cylinder barrel. One or more tension/compression-storage components 28 may be located within this sealed region. In one embodiment, the tension-storage component may be a spring.
  • the elastomeric sleeve 32 may act to atmospherically isolate the interior of the region behind the cylinder by bending or folding, while maintaining a seal, without sliding past itself or other components. This design can allow for reduced friction motion by eliminating a sealing component such as an o-ring.
  • a low- friction sleeve 32 may be attached to a piston head 30 and piston yoke 50.
  • piston guidance may be maintained via one or more internal rails 48 instead of (or in addition to) an o-ring-containing piston or a sleeve 32.
  • the internal rails 48 may assist with assembly of the pump body components.
  • the internal rails 48 may also help keep the piston from rotating in use.
  • One example of one or more internal rails 48 positioned on an internal surface of the pump body is shown in Figure 7.
  • the piston 26 may be provided with one or more protrusions that slide within the rails 48.
  • the rails may be provided as an elongated protrusion on the pump body, and the piston may have one or more grooves that receive the elongated protrusion in use.
  • the movement of the piston(s) 26, 34 may be controlled by differential pressure.
  • differential pressure For example, most passenger aircraft and other passenger transport vehicles have a vacuum disposal system that applies vacuum to transport waste water from toilets and/or sinks into an on-board waste water storage tank.
  • the vacuum is generated either by the pressure differential between the pressurized cabin and the reduced pressure outside of an aircraft at high flight altitudes or by a vacuum generator at ground level or at low flight altitudes.
  • the pressure differential created by either system can be used to force the piston 26 to contract and to pull water into the space created by such movement.
  • the interior of two normally-extended pistons 26, 34 may be exposed to vacuum. It is possible for each piston to be exposed independently to the same vacuum source or for them to be connected to separate vacuum sources. In any event, exposure to vacuum allows atmospheric pressure to push the pistons 26, 23 back into the yokes/cy Under barrels 50, into a contracted state. In this position, the spring 28 on each piston 26, 34 may be compressed and stores the potential energy provided by the differential pressure gradient. It is with this potential energy that fluids can be pumped. In other embodiments, the pistons may be moved via vacuum alone, via hydraulic pressure, or via magnetic force. In one example, the pressure differential/vacuum may be applied to the pump body 12 via at least one vacuum inlet 36.
  • the at least one vacuum inlet 36 may deliver a vacuum created by an on-board vacuum generator or vacuum created by the difference in pressures between the aircraft cabin and the outside atmosphere.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment that uses two vacuum inlets 36, 38 controlled by a vacuum control member 40. It should be understood, however, that only one vacuum inlet need be provided (as shown in Figures 4 and 5) or that more than two vacuum inlets may be provided.
  • an application of differential pressure to the pump body 12 can force the piston 26 to contract. This contraction creates spaces and vacuum for the entry of fluid into the at least one fluid inlet 22.
  • the inlets described herein may be operated by valves, such as pinch valves, solenoid valves, or any other appropriate valve that can control the flow of fluids (either liquid or gases).
  • a control member 40 may also be provided as a part of the pump system 10.
  • Control member 40 may be controlled by a vent valve (C), which may toggle between venting the system via a vent channel 44 or allowing vacuum to be applied to the system via a vacuum channel 46.
  • Control member 40 can cause the removal of the vacuum from the pump body, creating a pressure gradient, which can force the piston(s) 26, 34 to expand, pushing the fluid contained in the reservoir 18 out through the outlet 20.
  • An example of vent being applied to the pump body 12 to create a flush state is shown in Figure 5. In this Figure, the pistons have expanded into the reservoir, which forces the fluid contained in the reservoir out as a high force/pressure/velocity.
  • the pistons 26, 34 When fully extended, the pistons 26, 34 may be designed to occupy a significant majority of the available volume of the pump reservoir 18.
  • the reservoir 18 shape may be optimized, depending upon the application of the pump system, such that the required pressure and volume of fluid can be delivered via the pumping action of the pistons. Further, piston action can operate in a single-stroke or multi-stroke fashion, delivering a bolus of pumped fluid or a pulsed stream.
  • the full volume of the pump reservoir may be expelled during extension of the piston(s).
  • the pressure of the pumped fluid may change in proportion to the available tension in the spring.
  • the spring returns to its uncompressed state (e.g., at the end of the stroke), the pressure of the fluid may be found to diminish. In this manner, fluid would generally be pumped as a discrete bolus, with a high initial pressure that diminishes over the course of the stroke.
  • the reservoir volume may only be reduced by a fraction during each piston stroke, allowing the fluid to be pumped at a generally high pressure, due to conservation of tension within the piston spring. Because each stroke is physically shorter, the differential pressure can more readily drive the piston recovery, allowing for rapid repetition of strokes. If a two-piston pump configuration is used, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the piston actions may be timed to allow for a fairly smooth, constant flow of fluid as each piston complements the slack left by the decompression of the other piston's spring.
  • the pressure differential pump may use shape-memory alloys to achieve non-diminishing pumping pressures throughout the linear stroke of the piston.
  • the tension-compression element of the piston may comprise a shape memory material.
  • Shape-memory allows, non-limiting examples of which include copper-aluminum-nickel or nickel-titanium, can be utilized such that the energy released during spring decompression can be supplanted by the reversible changes in these shape-memory alloys.
  • the pump system 10 may feature one or more level sensors, which may be comprised of non-intrusive capacitive sensors, to detect when and whether the reservoir 18 is full.
  • the pump system 10 may also feature one or more controllers that send signals to the vacuum control member 40 to open and close the valves at the inlet and outlet and in order to effect pump activation and movement of the desired fluid.
  • the pistons may operate based on vacuum alone.
  • a vacuum may be applied to cause the piston to expand, pushing the fluid out of the reservoir.
  • a single piston that is operated by pressure differentials across two ends of the pump body. At one end, a first pressure differential causes movement of a piston and pulls water into the reservoir 18. Once the reservoir is full or when the pump is otherwise activated, a second pressure differential that enters at the second end of the pump body 12 can cause opposite movement of the piston and force fluid out of an outlet.
  • the pump system 10 may be activated by hydraulic pressure.
  • one or more hydraulic cylinders 42 may be used to move fluid through the pump.
  • the pump body 12 is generally provided with at least one fluid inlet 22, at least one fluid outlet 20, a liquid chamber 52, and an air chamber 54.
  • the fluid inlet 22 and fluid outlet 20 are generally governed by check valves or other features that prevent flow of liquid until the valves are opened.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 42 may be positioned within the liquid chamber 52 and used to force movement of the water that enters the chamber 52 out through the inlet 22.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 42 may be operated by a pressure created by fluid built up in the chamber 52 when the inlet and outlets are closed via valves.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 42 may be operated by compressed gas or any other appropriate manner.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 42 may include a piston 56 that moves within the liquid chamber 52.
  • the liquid chamber 52 features an inlet 22 and an outlet 20.
  • the liquid chamber 52 is separated from an air chamber 54.
  • the air chamber 54 has an air inlet 58 and a vacuum inlet 60. (Although these inlets are shown as two separate elements, there may be a single inlet provided, and a control system may control the application of vacuum or vent to the inlet.)
  • the piston 56 moves to the right in Figure 6. This pulls liquid into the water inlet 22.
  • check valves may be positioned at each of the inlets/outlets in order to maintain the desired pressure across the vacuum inlet and the air inlet, as well as to prevent backflow of fluid between the fluid inlet 22 and the fluid outlet 20.
  • the air inlet 58 may have a valve that can be opened to allow vent air to rush in when the vacuum inlet 60 is closed via its valve. In this way, differential pressure causes movement of the piston, which causes movement of the liquid to be pumped.
  • the components of the pressure differential pump may constructed of any material that can withstand varied environments and pressures.
  • One non-limiting example includes high-density plastic polymers, such as Ultem or PEEK. There are no heavy electromagnets or bearings required. The strength and low mass benefits of these polymer materials provides a value to passenger transport vehicles, where lightweight components can allow for reduced fuel consumption or additional passenger revenue.
  • the disclosed pumps may operate on-board passenger transport vehicles such as watercraft vessels, trains, aircraft, as well as other vehicles.
  • passenger transport vehicles such as watercraft vessels, trains, aircraft, as well as other vehicles.
  • the wide variance in environmental conditions between these applications, such as humidity, temperature, salt exposure, and so forth may guide materials to be selected with possible the extremes in mind.
  • the fluids pumped by the device could vary widely based on application.
  • potentially low temperature fluids such as anti-freeze may be dosed and delivered to appropriate system components.
  • the materials and mechanisms within the pump system 10 can be designed to withstand low temperatures encountered by aircraft at altitude or a train in winter, as well as be compatible to withstand various types of applicable fluids. For example, if the pump system 10 is used to pump potable water, materials with sufficient regulatory certification may be chosen to ensure water quality.
  • the materials may be chosen such that they can withstand various detergents, bacteria and other microorganisms over a period of time, and may have surfaces treated to withstand or discourage undesired microbial growth.
  • the pump system 10 is used in medical or pharmaceutical applications, further increasing regulatory requirements may dictate materials and size requirements to be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Des modes de réalisation de la présente invention concernent de manière générale des pompes et des systèmes qui utilisent un gradient de pression différentielle pour transférer des fluides. Dans un exemple, les pompes peuvent utiliser une pression différentielle disponible qui existe du fait d'une pression extérieure et d'une pression cabine liée à l'altitude à bord d'un véhicule tel qu'un aéronef.
PCT/US2014/056221 2013-09-19 2014-09-18 Pompes à pression différentielle WO2015042224A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112014004300.1T DE112014004300T5 (de) 2013-09-19 2014-09-18 Druckdifferenzpumpen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361879872P 2013-09-19 2013-09-19
US61/879,872 2013-09-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015042224A1 true WO2015042224A1 (fr) 2015-03-26

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ID=51656110

Family Applications (1)

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PCT/US2014/056221 WO2015042224A1 (fr) 2013-09-19 2014-09-18 Pompes à pression différentielle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20150078919A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE112014004300T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015042224A1 (fr)

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WO2024008451A1 (fr) * 2022-07-05 2024-01-11 Shl Medical Ag Sous-ensemble d'un dispositif de pompe

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US11000784B2 (en) 2017-08-22 2021-05-11 Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation Vacuum system for fuel degassing
US10556193B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2020-02-11 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integrated O2RU system
US11491421B2 (en) * 2018-01-22 2022-11-08 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Valve controlled vacuum system

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DE112014004300T5 (de) 2016-06-30
US20150078919A1 (en) 2015-03-19

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